翻硕复习第十一讲 转句译法与合句译法讲解

冯庆华教授 (2001:92) 把分译法划分成“转句译 法”和“断句译法”,认为二者都是把原文较长的 句子拆开来说,不同之处在于前者指把原文中的一 个词组或词语拉出来翻译成独立的句子,后者指把 原文中的从句拉出来翻译成独立的句子。
郭著章、李庆生 (1996:93-96)认为分译法主要用 于长句的翻译,长句的翻译是分译法的主要内容, 但分译法也应该包括某些词语意义的分译。
他感到习语是语言的主要支柱,因此特别主张用生动的 短语，他的想法是非常正确的。
15).Luckily, at this moment he caught a liver complaint, for the cure of which he returned to Europe, and which was the source of great comfort and amusement to him in his
在随后的日子里我就这样学着拼写了许多词，虽然并不 理解它们的意思。
4. At that time a growing minority of western intellectuals agreed with this opinion.
当时越来越多的西方知识分子同意这种观点，虽然从数 量上他们仍是少数。
5). Characteristically, Mr. Zhang concealed his feelings and watched and learned. 张先生没有表露自己的感情，只是察言观色，心领神会。 这是他的特点。
II. 把短语译成句子
1. Not surprisingly, they did not reply at all. 他们根本没有答复，这一点也不奇怪。
郭著章、李庆生 (1996:95-96) 认为“所谓一长 句可分译成几句中的句子的含义是什么呢? 此处 所谓的句子不在于结尾处用句号,而在于有无主谓 结构而。一般说来,含有一个主谓结构的语言部分 就是一个句子。”
Ⅰ.把单词译成句子
1. Unreasonably, she had expected that someone might solve the problem for her. 她期待着有人能帮她解决问题，这是没有道理的。
5. The skin-tight skirt and orange sweater displayed to enviable advantage a soft and slender body.
那条紧身裙和橘黄色毛衣把她柔软苗条的身材衬得恰到 好处，真令人羡慕。
6. This system will conceivably eventually replace the old way of operation.
第十一讲 转句译法与合并译法
When I reached the age of twelve I left the school for ever and got my first fulltime job, as a grocer’s boy. I spent my days carrying heavy loads, but I enjoyed it. It was only my capacity for hard work that saved me from early dismissal, for I could never stomach speaking to my “betters” with the deference my employer thought I should assume.
他摇了摇头，两目睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线， 脸上露出了愤怒的神色。
14). He had a sound feeling that the idiom was the backbone of a language and he was all for the racy phrases. (定语)
native country. (W. M. Thackerary: Vanity Fair) (插入语—句子）
算他运气好，正在那时害了肝病，必须回到欧 洲去医治，才算有机会在本国享福。
翻译练习:
1). She stalked away, with a gnawing uncertainty in her breast.
她昂首阔步地走开，心里半信半疑，（心中）感 到十分苦恼。
2). He had long been held in cordial contempt by his peers; now that contempt was no longe来自百度文库 cordial.
长期以来，他的同僚虽然看不起他，却还是对他 有些亲切感；现在除了看不起之外，连亲切感也 没有了。
2. He was deeply impressed by Nixon’s firm handshake. 尼克松紧紧地握住他的手，这给他留下了深刻的印象。
3. His extreme earnestness impressed me deeply. 他做事极其认真，给我留下了深刻的印象。
4. She tried to help them find other rental quarters without success. 她试图帮他们找别的出租的房子，但是没找着。
2. Henry tried unsuccessfully to put out the fire. 亨利奋力灭火，却无济于事。
3. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words.
5. Her alternations of mood caused worries to her parents. 她的情绪时好时坏，让她父母很担心。
6. He finally failed despite months of meticulous preparation. 虽然他精心准备了好几个月，但最终还是失败了。
但是，有一个礼拜二——是我歇半天班的假 日——事情发展到令我难以忍受的地步。每逢 礼拜二回家的时候，我经常替老板捎一大篮子 吃的东西，给他的嫂子送去。因为顺路，我也 从没说过不乐意。
On this particular Tuesday, however, just as we were putting the shutters up, a load of smoked hams was delivered at the shop. “Wait a minute,” said the boss, and he opened the load and took out a ham, which he started to bone and string up.
10). They seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements. （状语—句子） 他们似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是 合乎情理的。
11). That region was the most identifiable trouble spot. (定语—句子)
7. Another failure would definitely deprived him of all his confidence. 如果他再失败的话，肯定就会失去所有的信心了。
8. A little more efforts would most likely have led to a different result. 如果再努力一点，结果很有可能就会不一样。
那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看出来的。
12). A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle. (主语—句子)
我离开那个单人掩体的情景，要是拍成电影的话，会 象出膛的子弹那样快。
13). He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation. (宾语—句子)
可以想见，这种系统最终将取代旧的操作方式。
7. The region was the most identifiable trouble spot. 那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是最容易看得出来的。
8. He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally. 他来到华盛顿，就国际形势来说，时机正合适。
我从十二岁那年起就永远离开了学校，并且找 到了一份专职工作。最初是在一家食品杂货店 里当伙计。我整天扛沉重的货物，不过干得倒 也挺带劲。要不是能干重活，我早就给辞退了。 因为老板要我毕恭毕敬地跟那些“上等人”说 话，这样干，我实在受不了。
But the limit was reached on Tuesday my half holiday. On my way home on that day I used to carry a large basket of provisions to the home of my employer’s sister-in-law. As her house was on my way home I never objected to this.
可是，就在这礼拜二，我们正关店门（上门板） 的当儿，一批熏火腿送到店里。“等一会儿！” 老板说道，说罢便打开火腿包，拿出一只，开 始剔骨头，然后用绳子绑起来。
教学步骤：
一、转句译法 二、合句译法 三、语篇翻译练习
转句译法（Division/Expansion)
英语和汉语中常有一些短小精悍、含义丰富的单 词或词组，在句中充当各种句子成分。在翻译中有 时很难将此类单词或词组照旧译出，因此需对其进 行转译，将其译成汉语或英语的一个句子。
转句的意思就是转成句子。即在翻译时把原文中 的一个单词或短语转成一个句子，也叫“分译”或 “拆译”，意思就是把单词或短语分开或拆开来翻 译。
Division/Expansion refers to the process of dividing a sentence into two or more ones by picking up those words or phrases which “are hard nuts to crack” and expanding them into clauses or sentences.
9. As a place to live, it left much to be desired. But as a secret training base for a new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively prevented its activity from being known. 作为居住的地方，这里有许多不足之处。但作为新型飞机的 秘密训练基地却是非常理想的。它地处偏远，人们不容易了 解其中的活动。
3). The planes on the much-bombarded airfield had been reduced to 12 by Sept. 10. 由于机场遭到狂轰乱炸，机场上的飞机到九月10日时 已减少到12架了。
4). Any comment on the issue should appropriately come from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 有关该问题的任何评论应由外交部作出，这才是合适的。