类黄酮代谢工程报告
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Significance of flavonoids in resistance to apple scab (V. inaequalis) and fire blight (E. amylovora)
Pigmentation
-- Fruit quality -- Selection of transgenic cells
cyanidine
Anthocyanidine
OH OH
HO
O
OH
F3‘,5‘H
OH OH O
Dihydromyricetin FLS
OH
HO
O
OH OH O
Dihydrokaempferol FLS
F3‘H
DFR
OH OH
HO
O
OH
OH OH O
Myricetin
OH
HO
O
OH OH O
Kämpferol
• Induction of red coloration in apple → The color could be applied as a visual
marker to selection transgenic cells in apple
(EU: after 2008 antibiotic marker genes should be identified and phased out)
Modifying flavonoid biosynthesis in apple
Overexpression of regulatory gene (maize Lc)
Lc gene
• Isolated from maize (Zea mays) • Encodes a protein similar to transcriptional
activators and contains the myc-homology region • Responsible for tissue-specific anthocyanin (flavonoid) production • Induced anthocyanin accumulation in maize
FNS
OH
OH
FHT
HO
O
OH
OH O
Tricetin
CHI
HO
O
OH F3‘H
OH O
Naringenin
FNS
OH
HO
O
OH O
Apigenin
CHI
HO
O
OH OH
OH O
Eriodictyol
HO
FNS
O
OH OH
OH O
Luteolin
Dihydroflavonole
Flavonole LeLueuccooaanntthhoo-cyanidine
• For the plants
-- Plant pigments -- Defense against diseases -- Auxin transport inhibitors -- UV- protection -- Antioxidant properties
• For the human health
for example apple scab and fire blight
Flavonoids
• Polyphenolic compounds • Basic C6-C3-C6 structure
B
O
A
C
Basic structure of flavonoids
Functions of ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้lavonoids
O
3* Malonyl-CoA
OH
HO
OH
CoAs
O
Kaffeoyl-CoA
CHS
HO
OH
OH OH
OH O
Tetrahydroxychalkon
OH O
Pentahydroxychalkon
Flavanone Flavone
OH OH
HO
O
OH
F3‘,5‘H
OH O
Pentahydroxy-
flavanon
Downregulation of structural genes by RNA interference
I. Overexpression of maize Lc transcription factor
I. Overexpression of Maize Lc Transcription Factor
I. Overexpression of Maize Lc Transcription Factor
Targets and strategies
• Induction of flavonoid accumulation in apple with the help of the Lc-gene
• resistance to apple scab and fire blight
OH OH
HO
O
OH
OH OH OH
Leucodelphinidin
OH
HO
O
OH OH OH
Leucopelargonidin
OH OH
HO
O
OH OH O
Dihydroquercetin
FLS
OH OH
HO
O
OH OH O
Quercetin
OH OH
HO
O
OH OH OH
Leucocyanidin
Metabolic Engineering of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Apple
by Genetic Transformation
Houhua Li
Apple
• One of the most important fruits of the world • Apples are affected by a large number of diseases,
ANS
OH OH
HO
O
+
OH
OH OH
Delphinidin
ANS
OH
HO
O
+
OH OH
Pelargonidin
ANS
OH OH
HO
O
+
OH
OH
Cyanidin
Flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in apple
Goal of the work
• Optimized levels of flavonoids Resistance
-- Antioxidant -- Anti-cancer -- Influence on blood glucose -- Enzyme inhibition
Main groups of flavonoids
OH
OH OH
Chalkone
Aurone
CoAs
O
4-Cumaroyl-CoA
CHS
OH O CoAs
Pigmentation
-- Fruit quality -- Selection of transgenic cells
cyanidine
Anthocyanidine
OH OH
HO
O
OH
F3‘,5‘H
OH OH O
Dihydromyricetin FLS
OH
HO
O
OH OH O
Dihydrokaempferol FLS
F3‘H
DFR
OH OH
HO
O
OH
OH OH O
Myricetin
OH
HO
O
OH OH O
Kämpferol
• Induction of red coloration in apple → The color could be applied as a visual
marker to selection transgenic cells in apple
(EU: after 2008 antibiotic marker genes should be identified and phased out)
Modifying flavonoid biosynthesis in apple
Overexpression of regulatory gene (maize Lc)
Lc gene
• Isolated from maize (Zea mays) • Encodes a protein similar to transcriptional
activators and contains the myc-homology region • Responsible for tissue-specific anthocyanin (flavonoid) production • Induced anthocyanin accumulation in maize
FNS
OH
OH
FHT
HO
O
OH
OH O
Tricetin
CHI
HO
O
OH F3‘H
OH O
Naringenin
FNS
OH
HO
O
OH O
Apigenin
CHI
HO
O
OH OH
OH O
Eriodictyol
HO
FNS
O
OH OH
OH O
Luteolin
Dihydroflavonole
Flavonole LeLueuccooaanntthhoo-cyanidine
• For the plants
-- Plant pigments -- Defense against diseases -- Auxin transport inhibitors -- UV- protection -- Antioxidant properties
• For the human health
for example apple scab and fire blight
Flavonoids
• Polyphenolic compounds • Basic C6-C3-C6 structure
B
O
A
C
Basic structure of flavonoids
Functions of ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้lavonoids
O
3* Malonyl-CoA
OH
HO
OH
CoAs
O
Kaffeoyl-CoA
CHS
HO
OH
OH OH
OH O
Tetrahydroxychalkon
OH O
Pentahydroxychalkon
Flavanone Flavone
OH OH
HO
O
OH
F3‘,5‘H
OH O
Pentahydroxy-
flavanon
Downregulation of structural genes by RNA interference
I. Overexpression of maize Lc transcription factor
I. Overexpression of Maize Lc Transcription Factor
I. Overexpression of Maize Lc Transcription Factor
Targets and strategies
• Induction of flavonoid accumulation in apple with the help of the Lc-gene
• resistance to apple scab and fire blight
OH OH
HO
O
OH
OH OH OH
Leucodelphinidin
OH
HO
O
OH OH OH
Leucopelargonidin
OH OH
HO
O
OH OH O
Dihydroquercetin
FLS
OH OH
HO
O
OH OH O
Quercetin
OH OH
HO
O
OH OH OH
Leucocyanidin
Metabolic Engineering of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Apple
by Genetic Transformation
Houhua Li
Apple
• One of the most important fruits of the world • Apples are affected by a large number of diseases,
ANS
OH OH
HO
O
+
OH
OH OH
Delphinidin
ANS
OH
HO
O
+
OH OH
Pelargonidin
ANS
OH OH
HO
O
+
OH
OH
Cyanidin
Flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in apple
Goal of the work
• Optimized levels of flavonoids Resistance
-- Antioxidant -- Anti-cancer -- Influence on blood glucose -- Enzyme inhibition
Main groups of flavonoids
OH
OH OH
Chalkone
Aurone
CoAs
O
4-Cumaroyl-CoA
CHS
OH O CoAs