外文文献翻译----机器人技术发展趋势

合集下载

机器人结构论文中英文对照资料外文翻译文献

中英文对照资料外文翻译文献FEM Optimization for Robot StructureAbstractIn optimal design for robot structures, design models need to he modified and computed repeatedly. Because modifying usually can not automatically be run, it consumes a lot of time. This paper gives a method that uses APDL language of ANSYS 5.5 software to generate an optimal control program, which mike optimal procedure run automatically and optimal efficiency be improved.1）IntroductionIndustrial robot is a kind of machine, which is controlled by computers. Because efficiency and maneuverability are higher than traditional machines, industrial robot is used extensively in industry. For the sake of efficiency and maneuverability, reducing mass and increasing stiffness is more important than traditional machines, in structure design of industrial robot.A lot of methods are used in optimization design of structure. Finite element method is a much effective method. In general, modeling and modifying are manual, which is feasible when model is simple. When model is complicated, optimization time is longer. In the longer optimization time, calculation time is usually very little, a majority of time is used for modeling and modifying. It is key of improving efficiency of structure optimization how to reduce modeling and modifying time.APDL language is an interactive development tool, which is based on ANSYS and is offered to program users. APDL language has typical function of some large computer languages. For example, parameter definition similar to constant and variable definition, branch and loop control, and macro call similar to function and subroutine call, etc. Besides these, it possesses powerful capability of mathematical calculation. The capability of mathematical calculation includes arithmetic calculation, comparison, rounding, and trigonometric function, exponential function and hyperbola function of standard FORTRAN language, etc. By means of APDL language, the data can be read and then calculated, which is in database of ANSYS program, and running process of ANSYS program can be controlled.Fig. 1 shows the main framework of a parallel robot with three bars. When the length of three bars are changed, conjunct end of three bars can follow a given track, where robot hand is installed. Core of top beam is triangle, owing to three bars used in the design, which is showed in Fig.2. Use of three bars makes top beam nonsymmetrical along the plane that is defined by two columns. According to a qualitative analysis from Fig.1, Stiffness values along z-axis are different at three joint locations on the top beam and stiffness at the location between bar 1 and top beam is lowest, which is confirmed by computing results of finite element, too. According to design goal, stiffness difference at three joint locations must he within a given tolerance. In consistent of stiffness will have influence on the motion accuracy of the manipulator under high load, so it is necessary to find the accurate location of top beam along x-axis.To the questions presented above, the general solution is to change the location of the top beam many times, compare the results and eventually find a proper position, The model will be modified according to the last calculating result each time. It is difficult to avoid mistakes if the iterative process is controlled manually and the iterative time is too long. The outer wall and inner rib shapes of the top beam will be changed after the model is modified. To find the appropriate location of top beam, the model needs to be modified repetitiously.Fig. 1 Solution of Original DesignThis paper gives an optimization solution to the position optimization question of the top beam by APDL language of ANSYS program. After the analysis model first founded, the optimization control program can be formed by means of modeling instruction in the log file. The later iterative optimization process can be finished by the optimization control program and do not need manual control. The time spent in modifying the model can be decreased to the ignorable extent. The efficiency of the optimization process is greatly improved.2）Construction of model for analysisThe structure shown in Fig. 1 consists of three parts: two columns, one beam and three driving bars. The columns and beam are joined by the bolts on the first horizontal rib located on top of the columns as shown in Fig.1. Because the driving bars are substituted by equivalentforces on the joint positions, their structure is ignored in the model.The core of the top beam is three joints and a hole with special purpose, which can not be changed. The other parts of the beam may be changed if needed. For the convenience of modeling, the core of the beam is formed into one component. In the process of optimization, only the core position of beam along x axis is changed, that is to say, shape of beam core is not changed. It should be noticed that, in the rest of beam, only shape is changed but the topology is not changed and which can automatically be performed by the control program.Fig.1, six bolts join the beam and two columns. The joint surface can not bear the pull stress in the non-bolt joint positions, in which it is better to set contact elements. When the model includes contact elements, nonlinear iterative calculation will be needed in the process of solution and the computing time will quickly increase. The trial computing result not including contact element shows that the outside of beam bears pulling stress and the inner of beam bears the press stress. Considering the primary analysis object is the joint position stiffness between the top beam and the three driving bars, contact elements may not used, hut constructs the geometry model of joint surface as Fig.2 showing. The upper surface and the undersurface share one key point in bolt-joint positions and the upper surface and the under surface separately possess own key points in no bolt positions. When meshed, one node will be created at shared key point, where columns and beam are joined, and two nodes will be created at non shared key point, where column and beam are separated. On right surface of left column and left surface of right column, according to trial computing result, the structure bears press stress. Therefore, the columns and beam will share all key points, not but at bolts. This can not only omit contact element but also show the characteristic of bolt joining. The joining between the bottoms of the columns and the base are treated as full constraint. Because the main aim of analysis is the stiffness of the top beam, it can be assumed that the joint positions hear the same as load between beam and the three driving bars. The structure is the thin wall cast and simulated by shell element . The thickness of the outside wall of the structure and the rib are not equal, so two groups of real constant should he set. For the convenience of modeling, the two columns are alsoset into another component. The components can create an assembly. In this way, the joint positions between the beam core and columns could he easily selected, in the modifying the model and modifying process can automatically be performed. Analysis model is showed Fig.1. Because model and load are symmetric, computing model is only half. So the total of elements is decreased to 8927 and the total of nodes is decreased to 4341. All elements are triangle.3.）Optimization solutionThe optimization process is essentially a computing and modifying process. The original design is used as initial condition of the iterative process. The ending condition of the process is that stiffness differences of the joint locations between three driving bars and top beam are less than given tolerance or iterative times exceed expected value. Considering the speciality of the question, it is foreseen that the location is existent where stiffness values are equal. If iterative is not convergent, the cause cannot be otherwise than inappropriate displacement increment or deficient iterative times. In order to make the iterative process convergent quickly and efficiently, this paper uses the bisection searching method changing step length to modify the top beam displacement. This method is a little complex but the requirement on the initial condition is relatively mild.The flow chart of optimization as follows:1. Read the beam model data in initial position from backup file;2. Modify the position of beam;3. Solve;4. Read the deform of nodes where beam and three bars are joined;5. Check whether the convergent conditions are satisfied, if not, then continue to modify the beam displacement and return to 3, otherwise, exit the iteration procedure.6. Save the results and then exit.The program's primary control codes and their function commentaries are given in it, of which the detailed modeling instructions are omitted. For the convenience of comparing with the control flow, the necessary notes are added.the flag of the batch file in ANSYSBATCH RESUME, robbak.db, 0read original data from the backupfile robbak,.db/PREP7 enter preprocessordelete the joint part between beam core and columnsmove the core of the beam by one :step lengthapply load and constraint on the geometry meshing thejoint position between beam core and columns FINISH exit the preprocessorISOLU enter solverSOLVE solveFINISH exit the solverPOST1 enter the postprocessor*GET ,front,NODE,2013,U,Z read the deformation of first joint node on beam*GET,back,NODE, 1441 ,U,Z read the deformation of second joint node on beam intoparameter hacklastdif-1 the absolute of initial difference between front and hacklast timeflag=- 1 the feasibility flag of the optimizationstep=0.05 the initial displacement from initial position to the currentposition*D0,1,1,10,1 the iteration procedure begin, the cycle variable is I andits value range is 1-10 and step length is 1dif=abs(front-back) the absolute of the difference between front and hack inthe current result*IF,dif,LE,l .OE-6,THEN check whether the absolute difference dif satisfies therequest or noflag=l yes, set flag equal to 1*EXIT exit the iterative calculation*ELSEIF,dif,GE,lastdif,THEN check whether the dif value becomes great or not flag=2yes, set flag 2 modify step length by bisection methodperform the next iterative calculation, use the lastposition as the current position and modified last steplength as the current step lengthELSE if the absolute of difference value is not less thanexpected value and become small gradually, continue tomove top beam read the initial condition from back upfile enter the preprocessorMEN, ,P51X, , , step,, , ,1 move the core of the beam by one step length modify thejoint positions between beam core and column applyload and constraint meshingFINISH exit preprocessorISOLU enter solverSOLVE solveFINISH exit the solver/POST1 exit the postprocessor*GET,front,NODE,201 3,U,Z read the deformation of first joint node to parameter front *GET,back,NODE, 144 1,U,Z read the deformation of second joint node to parameter back lastdif-dif update the value of last dif*ENDIF the end of the if-else*ENDDO the end of the DO cycleMost of the control program above is copied from log file, which is long. The total of lines is up to about 1000 lines. Many codes such as modeling and post-process codes are used repeatedly. To make the program construct clear, these instructions can he made into macros, which are called by main program. This can efficiently reduce the length of the main program. In addition, modeling instructions from log file includes lots of special instructions that are only used under graphic mode but useless under hatch mode. Deleting and modifying these instructions when under batch mode in ANSYS can reduce the length of the file, too.In the program above, the deformation at given position is read from node deformation. In meshing, in order to avoid generating had elements, triangle mesh is used. In optimization, the shape of joint position between columns and beam continually is changed. This makes total of elements different after meshing each time and then element numbering different, too. Data read from database according to node numbering might not he data to want. Therefore, beam core first needs to he meshed, then saved. When read next time, its numbering is the same as last time.Evaluating whether the final result is a feasible result or not needs to check the flag value. If only the flag value is I, the result is feasible, otherwise the most proper position is not found. The total displacement of top beam is saved in parameter step. If the result is feasible, the step value is the distance from initial position to the most proper position. The sum of iterative is saved in parameter 1. According to the final value of I, feasibility of analysis result and correctness of initial condition can he evaluated.4）Optimization resultsThe sum of iterative in optimization is seven, and it takes about 2 hour and 37 minutes to find optimal position. Fig.3 shows the deformation contour of the half-construct. In Fig.3, the deformations in three joints between beam and the three driving bars is the same as level, and the corresponding deformation range is between -0.133E-04 and -0.1 15E-O4m, the requirement of the same stiffness is reached. At this time, the position of beam core along x-axis as shown in Fig. 1 has moved -0.71E-01m compared with the original designed positionBecause the speed of computer reading instruction is much faster than modifying model manually, the time modifying model can be ignored. The time necessary foroptimization mostly depends on the time of solution. Compared with the optimization procedure manually modifying model, the efficiency is improved and mistake operating in modeling is avoided.5）ConclusionThe analyzing result reveals that the optimization method given in this paper is effective and reaches the expected goal. The first advantage of this method is that manual mistakes do not easily occur in optimization procedure. Secondly, it is pretty universal and the control codes given in this paper may he transplanted to use in similar structure optimization design without large modification. The disadvantage is that the topology structure of the optimization object can not be changed. The more the workload of modifying the model, the more the advantages of this method are shown. In addition, the topology optimization function provided in ANSYS is usedto solve the optimization problem that needs to change the topology structure.The better optimization results can he achieved if the method in this paper combined with it.中文译文：机器人机构优化设计有限元分析摘要机器人结构最优化设计，设计模型需要反复的修正和计算。

人工智能的发展前景英语作文带翻译

人工智能的发展前景英语作文带翻译In recent years, the rapid advancement of technology has brought about significant changes in various aspects of our lives. One of the most prominent technologies that have been making waves is artificial intelligence (AI). AI has the potential to revolutionize industries, improve efficiency, and enhance our daily experiences.在近些年，技术的快速发展已经在我们生活的各个方面带来了巨大的变化。

其中，最引人注目的技术之一就是人工智能（AI）。

人工智能有可能彻底改变产业，提高效率，并增强我们日常体验。

AI has already shown its capabilities in various fields such as healthcare, finance, transportation, and entertainment. In the healthcare sector, AI can analyze large amounts of medical data to assist doctors in diagnosing diseases more accuratelyand planning personalized treatment. In finance, AI algorithms are used for fraud detection, risk management, and algorithmic trading. Autonomous vehicles powered by AI technologies are on the brink of transforming the transportation industry. Additionally, AI-driven recommendations and content personalization have enhanced user experiences in the entertainment sector.人工智能已经在医疗保健、金融、交通和娱乐等领域展现出了其能力。

工业机械手外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

第一章概述1. 1机械手的发展历史人类在改造自然的历史进程中，随着对材料、能源和信息这三者的认识和用，不断创造各种工具（机器），满足并推动生产力的发展。

工业社会向信息社会发展，生产的自动化，应变性要求越来越高，原有机器系统就显得庞杂而不灵活，这时人们就仿造自身的集体和功能，把控制机、动力机、传动机、工作机综合集中成一体，创造了“集成化”的机器系统——机器人。

从而引起了生产系统的巨大变革，成为“人——机器人——劳动对象”，或者“人——机器人——动力机——工作机——劳动对象”。

机器人技术从诞生到现在，虽然只有短短三十几年的历史，但是它却显示了旺盛的生命力。

近年来，世界上对于发展机器人的呼声更是有增无减，发达国家竞相争先，发展中国家急起直追。

许多先进技术国家已先后把发展机器人技术列入国家计划，进行大力研究。

我国的机器人学的研究也已经起步，并把“机器人开发研究”和柔性制造技术系统和设备开发研究等与机器人技术有关的研究课题列入国家“七五”、“八五”科技发展计划以及“八六三”高科技发展计划。

工业机械手是近代自动控制领域中出现的一项新技术，并已经成为现代机械制造生产系统中的一个重要组成部分。

这种新技术发展很快，逐渐形成一门新兴的学科——机械手工程。

1. 2机械手的发展意义机械手的迅速发展是由于它的积极作用正日益为人们所认识：其一、它能部分地代替人工操作；其二、它能按照生产工艺的要求，遵循一定的程序、时间和位置来完成工件的传送和装卸；其三、它能操作必要的机具进行焊接和装配。

从而大大地改善工人的劳动条件，显著地提高劳动生产率，加快实现工业生产机械化和自动化的步伐。

因而，受到各先进工业国家的重视，投入大量的人力物力加以研究和应用。

近年来随着工业自动化的发展机械手逐渐成为一门新兴的学科，并得到了较快的发展。

机械手广泛地应用于锻压、冲压、锻造、焊接、装配、机加、喷漆、热处理等各个行业。

特别是在笨重、高温、有毒、危险、放射性、多粉尘等恶劣的劳动环境中，机械手由于其显著的优点而受到特别重视。

The Development of Robots 机器人的发展

The Development of Robots 机器人的发展作者：来源：《时代英语·高一》2022年第01期Robots， becoming increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the world， are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention. Many of today’s robots are employed in the automotive industry， where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies.機器人在全世界的工厂内日益普及，人们对它们进行编程和设计，使其在无人情况下执行工业任务。

现今，许多机器人用于汽车工业，人们对其编程，从事如汽车和卡车车身焊接、喷漆之类的工作。

What makes a robot a robot and not just another kind of automatic machine？ Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task， they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one. As an example， a robot doing spot welding one month can be reprogrammed and switched to spray painting the next. Automatic machines， on the other hand，are not capable of many different uses; they are built to perform only one task.是什么使机器人变成机器人而不是其他的自动化机器呢？机器人与自动化机器的区别在于：机器人完成一项特定工作后，它们可以被电脑重新编程去执行另一项任务。

机器人外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

外文资料robotThe industrial robot is a tool that is used in the manufacturing environment to increase productivity. It can be used to do routine and tedious assembly line jobs，or it can perform jobs that might be hazardous to the human worker . For example ，one of the first industrial robot was used to replace the nuclear fuel rods in nuclear power plants. A human doing this job might be exposed to harmful amounts of radiation. The industrial robot can also operate on the assembly line，putting together small components，such as placing electronic components on a printed circuit board. Thus，the human worker can be relieved of the routine operation of this tedious task. Robots can also be programmed to defuse bombs，to serve the handicapped，and to perform functions in numerous applications in our society.The robot can be thought of as a machine that will move an end-of-tool ，sensor ，and/or gripper to a preprogrammed location. When the robot arrives at this location，it will perform some sort of task .This task could be welding，sealing，machine loading ，machine unloading，or a host of assembly jobs. Generally，this work can be accomplished without the involvement of a human being，except for programming and for turning the system on and off.The basic terminology of robotic systems is introduced in the following:1. A robot is a reprogrammable ，multifunctional manipulator designed to move parts，material，tool，or special devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of different task. This basic definition leads to other definitions，presented in the following paragraphs，that give acomplete picture of a robotic system.2. Preprogrammed locations are paths that the robot must follow to accomplish work，At some of these locations，the robot will stop and perform some operation ，such as assembly of parts，spray painting ，or welding .These preprogrammed locations are stored in the robot’s memory and are recalled later for continuousoperation.Furthermore，these preprogrammed locations，as well as other program data，can be changed later as the work requirements change.Thus，with regard to this programming feature，an industrial robot is very much like a computer ，where data can be stoned and later recalled and edited.3. The manipulator is the arm of the robot .It allows the robot to bend，reach，and twist.This movement is provided by the manipulator’s axes，also called the degrees of freedom of the robot .A robot can have from 3 to 16 axes.The term degrees of freedom will always relate to the number of axes found on a robot.4. The tooling and frippers are not part the robotic system itself;rather，they are attachments that fit on the end of the robot’s arm. These attachments connected to the end of the robot’s arm allow the robot to lift parts，spot-weld ，paint，arc-weld，drill，deburr，and do a variety of tasks，depending on what is required of the robot.5. The robotic system can control the work cell of the operating robot.The work cell of the robot is the total environment in which the robot must perform itstask.Included within this cell may be the controller ，the robot manipulator ，a work table ，safety features，or a conveyor.All the equipment that is required in order for the robot to do its job is included in the work cell .In addition，signals from outside devices can communicate with the robot to tell the robot when it should parts，pick up parts，or unload parts to a conveyor.The robotic system has three basic components: the manipulator，the controller，and the power source.A.ManipulatorThe manipulator ，which does the physical work of the robotic system，consists of two sections:the mechanical section and the attached appendage.The manipulator also has a base to which the appendages are attached.Fig.1 illustrates the connectionof the base and the appendage of a robot.图1.Basic components of a robot’s manipulatorThe base of the manipulator is usually fixed to the floor of the work area. Sometimes，though，the base may be movable. In this case，the base is attached to either a rail or a track，allowing the manipulator to be moved from one location to anther.As mentioned previously ，the appendage extends from the base of the robot. The appendage is the arm of the robot. It can be either a straight ，movable arm or a jointed arm. The jointed arm is also known as an articulated arm.The appendages of the robot manipulator give the manipulator its various axes of motion. These axes are attached to a fixed base ，which，in turn，is secured to a mounting. This mounting ensures that the manipulator will in one location.At the end of the arm ，a wrist（see Fig 2）is connected. The wrist is made up of additional axes and a wrist flange. The wrist flange allows the robot user to connect different tooling to the wrist for different jobs.图2.Elements of a work cell from the topThe manipulator’s axes allow it to perform work within a certain area. The area is called the work cell of the robot ，and its size corresponds to the size of the manipulator.（Fid2）illustrates the work cell of a typical assembly ro bot.As the robot’s physical size increases，the size of the work cell must also increase.The movement of the manipulator is controlled by actuator，or drive systems.The actuator，or drive systems，allows the various axes to move within the work cell. The drive system can use electric，hydraulic，or pneumatic power.The energy developed by the drive system is converted to mechanical power by various mechanical power systems.The drive systems are coupled through mechanical linkages.These linkages，in turn，drive the different axes of the robot.The mechanical linkages may be composed of chain，gear，and ball screws.B.ControllerThe controller in the robotic system is the heart of the operation .The controller stores preprogrammed information for later recall，controls peripheral devices，and communicates with computers within the plant for constant updates in production.The controller is used to control the robot manipulator’s movements as well as to control peripheral components within the work cell. The user can program the movements of the manipulator into the controller through the use of a hard-held teach pendant.This information is stored in the memory of the controller for later recall.The controller stores all program data for the robotic system.It can store several differentprograms，and any of these programs can be edited.The controller is also required to communicate with peripheral equipment within the work cell. For example，the controller has an input line that identifies when a machining operation is completed.When the machine cycle is completed，the input line turn on telling the controller to position the manipulator so that it can pick up the finished part.Then ，a new part is picked up by the manipulator and placed into the machine.Next，the controller signals the machine to start operation.The controller can be made from mechanically operated drums that step through a sequence of events.This type of controller operates with a very simple robotic system.The controllers found on the majority of robotic systems are more complex devices and represent state-of-the-art eletronoics.That is，they are microprocessor-operated.these microprocessors are either 8-bit，16-bit，or 32-bit processors.this power allows the controller to be very flexible in its operation.The controller can send electric signals over communication lines that allow it to talk with the various axes of the manipulator. This two-way communication between the robot manipulator and the controller maintains a constant update of the end the operation of the system.The controller also controls any tooling placed on the end of the robot’s wrist.The controller also has the job of communicating with the different plant computers. The communication link establishes the robot as part a computer-assisted manufacturing （CAM）system.As the basic definition stated，the robot is a reprogrammable，multifunctional manipulator.Therefore，the controller must contain some of memory stage. The microprocessor-based systems operates in conjunction with solid-state devices.These memory devices may be magnetic bubbles，random-access memory，floppy disks，or magnetic tape.Each memory storage device stores program information fir or for editing.C.power supplyThe power supply is the unit that supplies power to the controller and the manipulator. The type of power are delivered to the robotic system. One type of power is the AC power for operation of the controller. The other type of power isused for driving the various axes of the manipulator. For example，if the robot manipulator is controlled by hydraulic or pneumatic drives，control signals are sent to these devices causing motion of the robot.For each robotic system，power is required to operate the manipulator .This power can be developed from either a hydraulic power source，a pneumatic power source，or an electric power source.There power sources are part of the total components of the robotic work cell.中文翻译机器人工业机器人是在生产环境中用以提高生产效率的工具，它能做常规乏味的装配线工作，或能做那些对于工人来说是危险的工作，例如，第一代工业机器人是用来在核电站中更换核燃料棒，如果人去做这项工作，将会遭受有害放射线的辐射。

机器人技术的发展英语作文

The Evolution of Robotic Technology: AGlobal PerspectiveIn the past few decades, the realm of robotics has experienced a remarkable transformation, evolving from simple machines with limited capabilities to highly sophisticated autonomous systems. This rapid progress has been fueled by advancements in areas such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and sensor technology, among others. The integration of these technologies has allowed robots to become increasingly intelligent, adaptable, and capable of performing complex tasks thatwere once thought to be beyond their reach.The early stages of robotic development were marked by the creation of industrial robots, designed primarily for repetitive manufacturing tasks. These robots were programmed to perform specific actions with high precision and speed, revolutionizing the manufacturing industry and leading to increased productivity and cost savings. However, their limitations became evident as they were unable to adapt to new tasks or environments without significant reprogramming.With the advent of artificial intelligence and machine learning, robots have become capable of learning and adapting to new situations. This has enabled them to perform a wide range of tasks, from assisting in surgical procedures to navigating complex environments like space stations. Autonomous robots, such as self-driving cars and drones, are now a reality, thanks to advancements in sensor technology and computer vision.The future of robotics looks even more promising. With the continuous development of new technologies, robots are expected to become even more intelligent and autonomous. They may even reach a point where they can collaborate and work alongside humans seamlessly, enhancing ourcapabilities and taking on tasks that are too dangerous or complex for us to handle.However, the rapid growth of robotics also presents challenges. One of the main concerns is the potential displacement of human workers by robots. As robots become more capable, there is a risk that they may replace humans in many jobs, leading to job losses and social upheaval. It is, therefore, crucial that we invest in retraining andreskilling programs to help workers adapt to the changing job market.Another challenge is the ethical implications of robotic technology. As robots become more autonomous, we need to consider the ethical questions they raise, such as who should be responsible for their actions and how we should program them to make ethical decisions.Despite these challenges, the evolution of robotic technology holds immense potential for positive transformation. It has the potential to revolutionize various industries, improve productivity, and enhance the quality of life for millions of people. By addressing the challenges head-on and investing in research and development, we can ensure that the future of robotics is one that benefits society at large.**机器人技术的演进：全球视角**在过去的几十年里，机器人领域经历了显著的变化，从功能有限的简单机器发展到高度复杂且高度自主的系统。

机器人相关外文翻译---机器人技术发展趋势

Robotics technology trendsBy : Jim Pinto, San Diego, CA. USAWhen it comes to robots, reality still lags science fiction. But, just because robots have not lived up to their promise in past decades does not mean that they will not arrive sooner or later. Indeed, the confluence of several advanced technologies is bringing the age of robotics ever nearer - smaller, cheaper, more practical and cost-effectiveBrawn, Bone & BrainThere are 3 aspects of any robot:∙Brawn – strength relating to physical payload that a robot can move.∙Bone – the physical structure of a robot relative to the work it does; this determines the size and weight of the robot in relation to its physical payload.∙Brain – robotic intelligence; what it can think and do independently; how much manual interaction is required.Because of the way robots have been pictured in science fiction, many people expect robots to be human-like in appearance. But in fact what a robot looks like is more related to the tasks or functions it performs. A lot of machines that look nothing like humans can clearly be classified as robots. And similarly, some human-looking robots are not much beyond mechanical mechanisms, or toys.Many early robots were big machines, with significant brawn and little else. Old hydraulically powered robots were relegated to tasks in the 3-D category – dull, dirty and dangerous. The technological advances since the first industry implementation have completely revised the capability, performance and strategic benefits of robots. For example, by the 1980s robots transitioned from being hydraulically powered to become electrically driven units. Accuracy and performance improved.Industrial robots already at workThe number of robots in the world today is approaching 1,000,000, with almost half that number in Japan and just 15% in the US. A couple of decades ago, 90% of robots were used in car manufacturing, typically on assembly lines doing a variety of repetitive tasks. Today only 50% are in automobile plants, with the other half spread out among other factories, laboratories, warehouses, energy plants, hospitals, and many other industries.Robots are used for assembling products, handling dangerous materials,spray-painting, cutting and polishing, inspection of products. The number of robots used in tasks as diverse as cleaning sewers, detecting bombs and performing intricate surgery is increasing steadily, and will continue to grow in coming years.Robot intelligenceEven with primitive intelligence, robots have demonstrated ability to generate good gains in factory productivity, efficiency and quality. Beyond that, some of the "smartest" robots are not in manufacturing; they are used as space explorers, remotely operated surgeons and even pets – like Sony's AIBO mechanical dog. In some ways, some of these other applications show what might be possible on production floors if manufacturers realize that industrial robots don't have to be bolted to the floor, or constrained by the limitations of yesterday's machinery concepts.With the rapidly increasing power of the microprocessor and artificial intelligence techniques, robots have dramatically increased their potential as flexible automation tools. The new surge of robotics is in applications demanding advanced intelligence. Robotic technology is converging with a wide variety of complementary technologies – machine vision, force sensing (touch), speech recognition and advanced mechanics. This results in exciting new levels of functionality for jobs that were never before considered practical for robots.The introduction of robots with integrated vision and touch dramatically changes the speed and efficiency of new production and delivery systems. Robots have become so accurate that they can be applied where manual operations are no longer a viable option. Semiconductor manufacturing is one example, where a consistent high levelof throughput and quality cannot be achieved with humans and simple mechanization. In addition, significant gains are achieved through enabling rapid product changeover and evolution that can't be matched with conventional hard tooling.Boosting CompetitivenessAs mentioned, robotic applications originated in the automotive industry. General Motors, with some 40-50,000 robots, continues to utilize and develop new approaches. The ability to bring more intelligence to robots is now providing significant new strategic options. Automobile prices have actually declined over the last two to three years, so the only way that manufacturers can continue to generate profits is to cut structural and production costs.When plants are converted to new automobile models, hundreds of millions of dollars are typically put into the facility. The focus of robotic manufacturing technology is to minimize the capital investment by increasing flexibility. New robot applications are being found for operations that are already automated with dedicated equipment. Robot flexibility allows those same automated operations to be performed more consistently, with inexpensive equipment and with significant cost advantages.Robotic AssistanceA key robotics growth arena is Intelligent Assist Devices (IAD) – operators manipulate a robot as though it were a bionic extension of their own limbs with increased reach and strength. This is robotics technology – not replacements for humans or robots, but rather a new class of ergonomic assist products that helpshuman partners in a wide variety of ways, including power assist, motion guidance, line tracking and process automation.IAD’s use robotics t echnology to help production people to handle parts and payloads – more, heavier, better, faster, with less strain. Using a human-machine interface, the operator and IAD work in tandem to optimize lifting, guiding and positioning movements. Sensors, computer power and control algorithms translate the operator's hand movements into super human lifting power.New robot configurationsAs the technology and economic implications of Moore's law continue to shift computing power and price, we should expect more innovations, more cost-effective robot configurations, more applications beyond the traditional “dumb-waiter” service emphasis.The biggest change in industrial robots is that they will evolve into a broader variety of structures and mechanisms. In many cases, configurations that evolve into new automation systems won't be immediately recognizable as robots. For example, robots that automate semiconductor manufacturing already look quite different from those used in automotive plants.We will see the day when there are more of these programmable tooling kinds of robots than all of the traditional robots that exist in the world today. There is an enormous sea change coming; the potential is significant because soon robots will offer not only improved cost-effectiveness, but also advantages and operations that have never been possible before.Envisioning VisionDespite the wishes of robot researchers to emulate human appearance and intelligence, that simply hasn't happened. Most robots still can't see – versatile and rapid objectrecognition is still not quite attainable. And there are very few examples of bipedal, upright walking robots such as Honda’s P3, mostly used for research or sample demonstrations.A relatively small number of industrial robots are integrated with machine vision systems – which is why it's called machine vision rather than robot vision. The early machine vision adopters paid very high prices, because of the technical expertise needed to “tweak” such systems. For example, in the mid-1980s, a flexible manufacturing system from Cincinnati Milacron included a $900,000 vision guidance system. By 1998 average prices had fallen to $40,000, and prices continued to decline.Today, simple pattern matching vision sensors can be purchased for under $2,000 from Cognex, Omron and others. The price reductions reflect today's reduced computing costs, and the focused development of vision systems for specific jobs such as inspection.Robots already in use everywhereSales of industrial robots have risen to record levels and they have huge, untapped potential for domestic chores like mowing the lawn and vacuuming the carpet. Last year 3,000 underwater robots, 2,300 demolition robots and 1,600 surgical robots were in operation. A big increase is predicted for domestic robots for vacuum cleaning and lawn mowing, increasing from 12,500 in 2000 to almost 500,000 by the end of 2004. IBot’s Roomba floor cleaning robot is now available at under $200.00.In the wake of recent anthrax scares, robots are increasingly used in postal sorting applications. Indeed, there is huge potential to mechanize the US postal service. Some 1,000 robots were installed last year to sort parcels and the US postal service has estimated that it has the potential to use up to 80,000 robots for sorting.Look around at the “robots” around us today: automated gas pumps, bank ATMs,self-service checkout lanes – machines that are already replacing many service jobs.Fast-forward another few decades. It doesn't require a great leap of faith to envision how advances in image processing, microprocessor speed and human-simulation could lead to the automation of most boring, low-intelligence, low-paying jobs.Marshall Brain (yes, that's his name) founder of has written a couple of interesting essays about robotics in the future, well worth reading. He feels that it is quite plausible that over the next 40 years robots will displace most human jobs. According to Brain's projections, in his essay "Robotic Nation", humanoid robots will be widely available by 2030. They will replace jobs currently filled by people for work such as fast-food service, housecleaning and retail sales. Unless ways are found to compensate for these lost jobs, Brain estimates that more than 50% of Americans could be unemployed by 2055 – replaced by robots.New robot applications aboundAs robot intelligence increases, and as sensors, actuators and operating mechanisms become more sophisticated, other applications are now multiplying. There are now thousands of underwater robots, demolition robots and even robots used inlong-distance surgery.Dozens of experimental search-and-rescue robots scoured the wreckage of the World Trade Center's collapsed twin towers. Teams of robotics experts were at Ground Zero operating experimental robots to probe the rubble and locate bodies. During the war in Afghanistan, robots were being used by the US military as tools for combat. They were sent into caves, buildings or other dark areas ahead of troops to help prevent casualties.A giant walking robot is used to harvests forests, moving on six articulated legs, advancing forward and backward, sideways and diagonally. It can also turn in place and step over obstacles.At UC Berkeley, a tiny robot called Micromechanical Flying Insect has wings that flap with a rhythm and precision matched only by natural equivalents. The goal is to develop tiny, nimble devices that can, for example, surreptitiously spy on enemy troops, explore the surface of Mars or safely monitor dangerous chemical spills.Robotics – an exciting new development arenaThe typical Automation techie has knowledge and experience in instruments, PLCs, computers, displays, controls, sensors, valves, actuators, data-transmission, wireless, networking, etc. These are exactly the key requirements for development of robots and robotic systems. During this time of economic recession, Robotics can surely be a new arena of exciting and rewarding business development.机器人技术发展趋势作者：Jim Pinto，加利福利亚州圣迭亚哥·美国谈到机器人，现实仍落后于科幻小说。

机器人外文翻译(中英文翻译)

机器人外文翻译(中英文翻译)机器人外文翻译(中英文翻译)With the rapid development of technology, the use of robots has become increasingly prevalent in various industries. Robots are now commonly employed to perform tasks that are dangerous, repetitive, or require a high level of precision. However, in order for robots to effectively communicate with humans and fulfill their intended functions, accurate translation between different languages is crucial. In this article, we will explore the importance of machine translation in enabling robots to perform translation tasks, as well as discuss current advancements and challenges in this field.1. IntroductionMachine translation refers to the use of computer algorithms to automatically translate text or speech from one language to another. The ultimate goal of machine translation is to produce translations that are as accurate and natural as those generated by human translators. In the context of robots, machine translation plays a vital role in allowing them to understand and respond to human commands, as well as facilitating communication between robots of different origins.2. Advancements in Machine TranslationThe field of machine translation has experienced significant advancements in recent years, thanks to breakthroughs in artificial intelligence and deep learning. These advancements have led to the development of neural machine translation (NMT) systems, which have greatly improved translation quality. NMT models operate by analyzinglarge amounts of bilingual data, allowing them to learn the syntactic and semantic structures of different languages. As a result, NMT systems are capable of providing more accurate translations compared to traditional rule-based or statistical machine translation approaches.3. Challenges in Machine Translation for RobotsAlthough the advancements in machine translation have greatly improved translation quality, there are still challenges that need to be addressed when applying machine translation to robots. One prominent challenge is the variability of language use, including slang, idioms, and cultural references. These nuances can pose difficulties for machine translation systems, as they often require a deep understanding of the context and cultural background. Researchers are currently working on developing techniques to enhance the ability of machine translation systems to handle such linguistic variations.Another challenge is the real-time requirement of translation in a robotic setting. Robots often need to process and translate information on the fly, and any delay in translation can affect the overall performance and efficiency of the robot. Optimizing translation speed without sacrificing translation quality is an ongoing challenge for researchers in the field.4. Applications of Robot TranslationThe ability for robots to translate languages opens up a wide range of applications in various industries. One application is in the field of customer service, where robots can assist customers in multiple languages, providing support and information. Another application is in healthcare settings, where robots can act as interpreters between healthcare professionals and patientswho may speak different languages. Moreover, in international business and diplomacy, robots equipped with translation capabilities can bridge language barriers and facilitate effective communication between parties.5. ConclusionIn conclusion, machine translation plays a crucial role in enabling robots to effectively communicate with humans and fulfill their intended functions. The advancements in neural machine translation have greatly improved translation quality, but challenges such as language variability and real-time translation requirements still exist. With continuous research and innovation, the future of machine translation for robots holds great potential in various industries, revolutionizing the way we communicate and interact with technology.。

外文翻译--机器人技术简介

Introduction to robotics technologyIn the manufacturing field, robot development has focused on engineering robotic arms that perform manufacturing processes. In the space industry, robotics focuses on highly specialized, one-of-kind planetary rovers. Unlike a highly automated manufacturing plant, a planetary rover operating on the dark side of the moon -- without radio communication -- might run into unexpected situations. At a minimum, a planetary rover must have some source of sensory input, some way of interpreting that input, and a way of modifying its actions to respond to a changing world. Furthermore, the need to sense and adapt to a partially unknown environment requires intelligence (in other words, artificial intelligence).Mechanical platforms -- the hardware baseA robot consists of two main parts: the robot body and some form of artificial intelligence (AI) system. Many different body parts can be called a robot. Articulated arms are used in welding and painting; gantry and conveyor systems move parts in factories; and giant robotic machines move earth deep inside mines. One of the most interesting aspects of robots in general is their behavior, which requires a form of intelligence. The simplest behavior of a robot is locomotion. Typically, wheels are used as the underlying mechanism to make a robot move from one point to the next. And some force such as electricity is required to make the wheels turn under command.MotorsA variety of electric motors provide power to robots, allowing them to move material, parts, tools, or specialized devices with variousprogrammed motions. The efficiency rating of a motor describes how much of the electricity consumed is converted to mechanical energy. Let's take a look at some of the mechanical devices that are currently being used in modern robotics technology.Driving mechanismsGears and chains:Gears and chains are mechanical platforms that provide a strong and accurate way to transmit rotary motion from one place to another, possibly changing it along the way. The speed change between two gears depends upon the number of teeth on each gear. When a powered gear goes through a full rotation, it pulls the chain by the number of teeth on that gear.Pulleys and belts:Pulleys and belts, two other types of mechanical platforms used in robots, work the same way as gears and chains. Pulleys are wheels with a groove around the edge, and belts are the rubber loops that fit in that groove.Gearboxes:A gearbox operates on the same principles as the gear and chain, without the chain. Gearboxes require closer tolerances, since instead of using a large loose chain to transfer force and adjust for misalignments, the gears mesh directly with each other. Examples of gearboxes can be found on the transmission in a car, the timing mechanism in a grandfather clock, and the paper-feed of your printer.Power suppliesPower supplies are generally provided by two types of battery. Primary batteries are used once and then discarded; secondary batteries operate from a (mostly) reversible chemical reaction and can be recharged several times. Primary batteries have higher density and a lower self-dischargerate. Secondary (rechargeable) batteries have less energy than primary batteries, but can be recharged up to a thousand times depending on their chemistry and environment. Typically the first use of a rechargeable battery gives 4 hours of continuous operation in an application or robot.SensorsRobots react according to a basic temporal measurement, requiring different kinds of sensors.In most systems a sense of time is built-in through the circuits and programming. For this to be productive in practice, a robot has to have perceptual hardware and software, which updates quickly. Regardless of sensor hardware or software, sensing and sensors can be thought of as interacting with external events (in other words, the outside world). The sensor measures some attribute of the world. The term transducer is often used interchangeably with sensor. A transducer is the mechanism, or element, of the sensor that transforms the energy associated with what is being measured into another form of energy. A sensor receives energy and transmits a signal to a display or computer. Sensors use transducers to change the input signal (sound, light, pressure, temperature, etc.) into an analog or digital form capable of being used by a robot.Microcontroller systemsMicrocontrollers (MCUs) are intelligent electronic devices used inside robots. They deliver functions similar to those performed by a microprocessor (central processing unit, or CPU) inside a personal computer. MCUs are slower and can address less memory than CPUs, but are designed for real-world control problems. One of the major differences between CPUs and MCUs is the number of external components needed tooperate them. MCUs can often run with zero external parts, and typically need only an external crystal or oscillator.Utilities and toolsROBOOP (A robotics object oriented package in C++):This package is an object-oriented toolbox in C++ for robotics simulation. Technical references and downloads are provided in the Resources.CORBA: A real-time communications and object request broker software package for embedding distributed software agents. Each independent piece of software registers itself and its capabilities to the ORB, by means of an IDL (Interface Definition Language). Visit their Web site (see Resources) for technical information, downloads, and documentation for CORBA.TANGO/TACO:This software might be useful for controlling a robotics system with multiple devices and tools. TANGO is an object oriented control system based on CORBA. Device servers can be written in C++ or Java. TACO is object oriented because it treats all(physical and logical) control points in a control system as objects in a distributed environment. All actions are implemented in classes. New classes can be constructed out of existing classes in a hierarchical manner, thereby ensuring a high level of software reuse. Classes can be written in C++, in C (using a methodology called Objects in C), in Python or in LabView (using the G programming language).ControllersTask Control Architecture: The Task Control Architecture (TCA) simplifies building task-level control systems for mobile robots. "Task-level" refers to the integration and coordination of perception, planning, andreal time control to achieve a given set of goals (tasks). TCA provides a general control framework, and is intended to control a wide variety of robots. TCA provides a high-level machine-independent method for passing messages between distributed machines (including between Lisp and C processes). TCA provides control functions, such as task decomposition, monitoring, and resource management, that are common to many mobile robot applications. The Resources section provides technical references and download information for Task Control Architecture.EMC (Enhanced Machine Controller): The EMC software is based on the NIST Real time Control System (RCS) methodology, and is programmed using the NIST RCS Library. The RCS Library eases the porting of controller code to a variety of UNIX and Microsoft platforms, providing a neutral application programming interface (API) to operating system resources such as shared memory, semaphores and timers. The EMC software is written in C and C++, and has been ported to the PC Linux, Windows NT, and Sun Solaris operating systems.Darwin2K: Darwin2K is a free, open source toolkit for robot simulation and automated design. It features numerous simulation capabilities and an evolutionary algorithm capable of automatically synthesizing and optimizing robot designs to meet task-specific performance objectives.LanguagesRoboML (Robotic Markup Language): RoboML is used for standardized representation of robotics-related data. It is designed to support communication language between human-robot interface agents, as well as between robot-hosted processes and between interface processes, and to provide a format for archived data used by human-robot interface agents.ROSSUM: A programming and simulation environment for mobile robots. The Rossum Project is an attempt to help collect, develop, and distribute software for robotics applications. The Rossum Project hopes to extend the same kind of collaboration to the development of robotic software.XRCL (Extensible Robot Control Language): XRCL (pronounced zircle) is a relatively simple, modern language and environment designed to allow robotics researchers to share ideas by sharing code. It is an open source project, protected by the GNU Copyleft.SummaryThe field of robotics has created a large class of robots with basic physical and navigational competencies. At the same time, society has begun to move towards incorporating robots into everyday life, from entertainment to health care. Moreover, robots could free a large number of people from hazardous situations, essentially allowing them to be used as replacements for human beings. Many of the applications being pursued by AI robotics researchers are already fulfilling that potential. In addition, robots can be used for more commonplace tasks such as janitorial work. Whereas robots were initially developed for dirty, dull, and dangerous applications, they are now being considered as personal assistants. Regardless of application, robots will require more rather than less intelligence, and will thereby have a significant impact on our society in the future as technology expands to new horizons.外文出处:Robotic technology / edited by A. Pugh./P. Peregrinus, c1993.附件1：外文资料翻译译文机器人技术简介在制造业领域，机器人的开发集中在执行制造过程的工程机器人手臂上。

(完整word版)码垛机器人外文文献及翻译

外文文献：Technology status and Development trend of Stacking crane1 OverviewStacking crane is a special crane as of version of the warehouse and developed to appearSpecial crane, commonly referred to as the pile of chop machine, piling machine is three-dimensional storehouse of the most important lifting transportation equipment, represents the sign of three-dimensional warehouse characteristics. Its main use is:In the top shelf of the warehouse in orbit, will be located at the mouth of the goods in goods mesh; Or the opposite, take out loans in case the goods to the mouth of roadway, the loading and unloading finish homework. 20 the early 70 s, China began to research the type of machine of roadway when the three-dimensional warehouse, according to not complete count, up to now has been built more than three hundred seats.Stacking machine as a three-dimensional storehouse of the most important lifting transportation equipment, also obtained fast development.2 version of the present situation of stacking crane technology.According to the current machinery industry standard, the position of the stacking crane classification of ways. E.g. by supporting mode, use, the method of control, structure, operation such as classified track. But no matter what type of stacking machine, is general by the mobile mechanism, level of lifting mechanism, manifest Taiwan and goods fork institutions, frame and electrical equipment, and other basic parts.In the present application of three-dimensional warehouse, stacking machine is the most common in the form of the structure and operation track classification.2.1 version of the good way of spider crane structure From the structure form difference at present in the warehouse stacker has a double set on structure and single pillar structure.2.1.1 double pillar stacker.Double post the stacker frame structure by two root made on the beams, and to form a rectangle beam under the framework. Pillar form well pipe and pipe. Square tube and be lifting guide rail, pipe additional hoisting guide double pillar stacker the biggest advantage is the strength and the brush sex are quite good, and smooth operation. General for lifting height, weight and higher up large speed high level of three-dimensional storehouse stacker, many with double pillar structure, double pillar stackers lifting mechanism, widespread use of the chain transmission, by motor reducer drive sprockets rotation, through the chain traction machine parts made on or along the hoisting guide for lifting movement.Due to the chain transmission used more closed chain or balance by empty asked size limit device, transmission and decorate a complicated. But positioning precision.2.1.2 single pillar stacker.Single pillar of stacker frame structure by a root of the pillar and beam. Pillar used more larger h-beam or welding production, pillar additional guide. The weight of the lighter, consume little material, so manufacturing relatively low cost, but the rigid is a bit poor. Because parts of Taiwan and the goods on the eccentricity of the opposite effect, and walk, the braking force level from the effect, make single pillar stacker in used on have limitations. Not suitable for lifting weight and the running speed of the high level of stacking machine. Single pillar stackers hoisting structure, the widespread use of the wire rope transmission, by motor reducer drive drum rotating, through the wire rope traction machine parts made on or along the lifting rails for lifting movement. For wire rope transmission, transmission and decorate relatively easy, but positioning accuracy is a bit poor.Version 2.2 of stacking crane to track the performance Stacker level drive general installation in stacker next beam, through the electricityMachine speed reducer drive wheel rotation, make stacker level concerning the direction. This ground driving way most common use. General use two bearing wheel, and along the laying on the ground track (usually also called to rail) operation. Through the bottom two groups of level round orbit direction, the top two groupsin stacker guide wheel along in orbit (usually also called day rail) operation auxiliary oriented. According to the running track form difference, there is a straight line type stacker and curve operation type stacking machine.2.2. L straight lines type stacking machine.Straight line type stacker can only be in the roadway straight orbit, unable to convert roadways. Only through the other transportation equipment of transformation, such as stacker car transport. Straight line type stacker can realize the operation, and can satisfy the loading and unloading higher frequency three-dimensional storehouse homework, most widely used.2.2.2 curve operation type stacking machine.Curve operation type stacking locomotive wheels and the beam under the vertical axis of the hinged, can be in the ring or other curve orbit, can go curve, not through the other transportation equipment can then from a roadway to transfer to another roadways. Such stacker usually also called transition stacker. Curve operation type stacker in used on have limitations, only appliesto the loading and unloading frequency low three-dimensional storehouse. Because not only by the turning radius to the limit, and turning special slow speed, and can't meet the person library of frequency and high warehouse operation.3. The position of the roadway stacking crane development trend.Along with the development of modern industrial production, stacking crane technology of version continuously improved and perfected. The world's major industrial countries starting point on the development of new products and reliable performance and high on the operation on pay more attention to the practicality and safety.In stacker, we shall see and world advanced nation gap, summarizing the experience find out the deficiency, break traditional ideas, has introduced new appearance and higher performance stacker. In make stacking machine has higher precision at the same time, increase speed to get shorter operation cycle and more production ability.Believe that, through our continuous efforts more high speed, safe and reliable heapwhen the machine will continue to digest imported from abroad domestic, make the position of stacking crane development roadway to an update to the stage.中文翻译：有轨巷道堆垛机技术现状及发展趋势1 概述有轨巷道堆垛起重机是随着立体仓库的出现而发展起来的专用起重机，通常简称为堆剁机，堆垛机是立体仓库中最重要的起重运输设备，是代表立体仓库特征的标志。

机器人外文翻译(文献翻译_中英文翻译)

外文翻译外文资料：RobotsFirst, I explain the background robots, robot technology development. It should be said it is a common scientific and technological development of a comprehensive results, for the socio-economic development of a significant impact on a science and technology. It attributed the development of all countries in the Second World War to strengthen the economic input on strengthening the country's economic development. But they also demand the development of the productive forces the inevitable result of human development itself is the inevitable result then with the development of humanity, people constantly discuss the natural process, in understanding and reconstructing the natural process, people need to be able to liberate a slave. So this is the slave people to be able to replace the complex and engaged in heavy manual labor, People do not realize right up to the world's understanding and transformation of this technology as well as people in the development process of an objective need. Robots are three stages of development, in other words, we are accustomed to regarding robots are divided into three categories. is a first-generation robots, also known as teach-type robot, it is through a computer, to control over one of a mechanical degrees of freedom Through teaching and information stored procedures, working hours to read out information, and then issued a directive so the robot can repeat according to the people at that time said the results show this kind of movement again, For example, the car spot welding robots, only to put this spot welding process, after teaching, and it is always a repeat of a work It has the external environment is no perception that the force manipulation of the size of the work piece there does not exist, welding 0S It does not know, then this fact from the first generation robot, it will exist this shortcoming, it in the 20th century, the late 1970s, people started to study the second-generation robot, called Robot with the feeling that This feeling with the robot is similar in function of a certain feeling, forinstance, force and touch, slipping, visual, hearing and who is analogous to that with all kinds of feelings, say in a robot grasping objects, In fact, it can be the size of feeling out, it can through visual, to be able to feel and identify its shape, size, color Grasping an egg, it adopted a acumen, aware of its power and the size of the slide. Third-generation robots, we were a robotics ideal pursued by the most advanced stage, called intelligent robots, So long as tell it what to do, not how to tell it to do, it will be able to complete the campaign, thinking and perception of this man-machine communication function and function Well, this current development or relative is in a smart part of the concept and meaning But the real significance of the integrity of this intelligent robot did not actually exist, but as we continued the development of science and technology, the concept of intelligent increasingly rich, it grows ever wider connotations.Now, I would like to briefly outline some of the industrial robot situation. So far, the industrial robot is the most mature and widely used category of a robot, now the world's total sales of 1.1 million Taiwan, which is the 1999 statistics, however, 1.1 million in Taiwan have been using the equipment is 75 million, this volume is not small. Overall, the Japanese industrial robots in this one, is the first of the robots to become the Kingdom, the United States have developed rapidly. Newly installed in several areas of Taiwan, which already exceeds Japan, China has only just begun to enter the stage of industrialization, has developed a variety of industrial robot prototype and small batch has been used in production.Spot welding robot is the auto production line, improve production efficiency and raise the quality of welding car, reduce the labor intensity of a robot. It is characterized by two pairs of robots for spot welding of steel plate, bearing a great need for the welding tongs, general in dozens of kilograms or more, then its speed in meters per second a 5-2 meter of such high-speed movement. So it is generally five to six degrees of freedom, load 30 to 120 kilograms, the great space, probably expected that the work of a spherical space, a high velocity, the concept of freedom, that is to say, Movement is relatively independent of the number of components, the equivalent of our body, waist is a rotary degree of freedom We have to be able to hold his arm, Arm can be bent, then this three degrees of freedom, Meanwhile there is a wristposture adjustment to the use of the three autonomy, the general robot has six degrees of freedom. We will be able to space the three locations, three postures, the robot fully achieved, and of course we have less than six degrees of freedom. Have more than six degrees of freedom robot, in different occasions the need to configure.The second category of service robots, with the development of industrialization, especially in the past decade, Robot development in the areas of application are continuously expanding, and now a very important characteristic, as we all know, Robot has gradually shifted from manufacturing to non-manufacturing and service industries, we are talking about the car manufacturer belonging to the manufacturing industry, However, the services sector including cleaning, refueling, rescue, rescue, relief, etc. These belong to the non-manufacturing industries and service industries, so here is compared with the industrial robot, it is a very important difference. It is primarily a mobile platform, it can move to sports, there are some arms operate, also installed some as a force sensor and visual sensors, ultrasonic ranging sensors, etc. It’s surrounding environment for the conduct of identification, to determine its campaign to complete some work, this is service robot’s one of the basic characteristics.For example, domestic robot is mainly embodied in the example of some of the carpets and flooring it to the regular cleaning and vacuuming. The robot it is very meaningful, it has sensors, it can furniture and people can identify, It automatically according to a law put to the ground under the road all cleaned up. This is also the home of some robot performance.The medical robots, nearly five years of relatively rapid development of new application areas. If people in the course of an operation, doctors surgery, is a fatigue, and the other manually operated accuracy is limited. Some universities in Germany, which, facing the spine, lumbar disc disease, the identification, can automatically use the robot-aided positioning, operation and surgery Like the United States have been more than 1,000 cases of human eyeball robot surgery, the robot, also including remote-controlled approach, the right of such gastrointestinal surgery, we see on the television inside. a manipulator, about the thickness fingers such a manipulator, inserted through the abdominal viscera, people on the screen operating the machines hand, it also used the method of laser lesion laser treatment, this is the case, peoplewould not have a very big damage to the human body.In reality, this right as a human liberation is a very good robots, medical robots it is very complex, while it is fully automated to complete all the work, there are difficulties, and generally are people to participate. This is America, the development of such a surgery Lin Bai an example, through the screen, through a remote control operator to control another manipulator, through the realization of the right abdominal surgery A few years ago our country the exhibition, the United States has been successful in achieving the right to the heart valve surgery and bypass surgery. This robot has in the area, caused a great sensation, but also, AESOP's surgical robot, In fact, it through some equipment to some of the lesions inspections, through a manipulator can be achieved on some parts of the operation Also including remotely operated manipulator, and many doctors are able to participate in the robot under surgery Robot doctor to include doctors with pliers, tweezers or a knife to replace the nurses, while lighting automatically to the doctor's movements linked, the doctor hands off, lighting went off, This is very good, a doctor's assistant.Robot is mankind's right-hand man; friendly coexistence can be a reliable friend. In future, we will see and there will be a robot space inside, as a mutual aide and friend. Robots will create the jobs issue. We believe that there would not be a "robot appointment of workers being laid off" situation, because people with the development of society, In fact the people from the heavy physical and dangerous environment liberated, so that people have a better position to work, to create a better spiritual wealth and cultural wealth.译文资料：机器人首先我介绍一下机器人产生的背景，机器人技术的发展，它应该说是一个科学技术发展共同的一个综合性的结果，同时，为社会经济发展产生了一个重大影响的一门科学技术，它的发展归功于在第二次世界大战中各国加强了经济的投入，就加强了本国的经济的发展。

机器人的现状与发展趋势英语作文

机器人的现状与发展趋势英语作文The Current Situation and Development Trends of Robots。

In recent years, robots have become an increasingly prominent presence in our lives. From industrial automation to personal assistants, robots are transforming the way we live and work. In this article, we will explore the current situation of robots and discuss the future development trends in this field.1. The Current Situation of Robots。

Robots have made significant advancements in various industries. In manufacturing, robots have revolutionized production processes by increasing efficiency and precision. They can perform repetitive tasks with high accuracy, reducing the need for human labor and minimizing errors. This has led to increased productivity and cost savings for companies.Furthermore, robots have also made their way into the service industry. From hotels to hospitals, robots are being used to assist with tasks such as cleaning, delivery, and even customer service. For example, in some hotels, robots are employed as concierge staff, providing guests with information and assistance. This not only enhances the customer experience but also reduces the workload of human employees.In addition to industrial and service robots, there has been significant progress in the development of humanoid robots. These robots are designed to resemble humans in appearance and behavior, with the aim of performing tasks that require human-like dexterity and interaction. They have the potential to assist in areas such as healthcare, elderly care, and education.2. Development Trends of Robots。

机器人未来的发展趋势英语

机器人未来的发展趋势英语The future development trends of robots can be outlined as follows:1. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Advancement: As technology advances, robots will become increasingly intelligent and capable of performing complex tasks with higher levels of autonomy. Machine learning algorithms and neural networks will enable robots to learn from their experiences and make decisions based on real-time data.2. Human-Robot Interaction: The focus will be on developing robots that can effectively interact and communicate with humans. Natural language processing and emotion recognition technologies will enable robots to understand and respond to human gestures, expressions, and commands more naturally. This will make robots more user-friendly and better suited for collaborative tasks with humans.3. Personal Robotics: There will be a rise in personal robots that can assist individuals in their daily lives. These robots may perform tasks such as cleaning, cooking, and companionship. They may also have the ability to personalize their behavior and adapt to the needs and preferences of individuals.4. Medical and Healthcare Robotics: Robots will play a crucial role in the medical field, including surgeries, rehabilitation, and diagnostic imaging. They can assist healthcare professionals by performing precise and repetitive tasks, and help patients by providing physical assistance and monitoring vital signs.5. Industrial Automation: Robots will continue to revolutionize industrial automation. They will be employed in manufacturing and logistics operations, reducing human labor and increasing efficiency. Collaborative robots, known as cobots, will work alongside humans, enhancing productivity and safety in the workplace.6. Ethical and Legal Considerations: As robots become more integrated into society, there will be a growing need to address ethical and legal aspects. This includes issues related to privacy, safety, and liability. Guidelines and regulations will need to be established to ensure responsible development and use of robots.Overall, the future of robots will involve advancements in AI, improved human-robot interaction, the emergence of personal and healthcare robotics, increased automation in industries, and the recognition of ethical and legal considerations.。

机器人技术的发展英语作文

机器人技术的发展英语作文Robots are becoming an increasingly common sight in our daily lives. They're no longer just the futuristic machines we see in sci-fi movies. From household chores to complex industrial tasks, robots are making their mark.At home, robots are helping us with all sorts of tasks. There are robot vacuums that keep our floors clean, robot chefs that can whip up a meal, and even robot companions that can entertain us. They're making our lives easier and more convenient, allowing us to focus on other things.In the workplace, robots are revolutionizing the way we do business. They're handling dangerous jobs, like working in factories with heavy machinery, or precision tasks that require a steady hand. They're also helping with data analysis and other complex processes, freeing up humans to focus on more creative work.And it's not just about efficiency. Robots are alsoopening up new opportunities. They're enabling people with disabilities to live more independently, and they're providing assistance in remote areas where human resources are scarce.But of course, with any technological advancement, there are also concerns. Some people worry about robots taking over jobs and leaving humans unemployed. But the truth is, robots and humans can work together to create a more efficient and productive workforce.Overall, robot technology is here to stay.。

智能机器人发展英文作文

智能机器人发展英文作文The development of intelligent robots is advancing rapidly, with new breakthroughs and innovations being made every day. These robots are capable of performing a wide range of tasks, from simple household chores to complex surgical procedures.One of the key advantages of intelligent robots istheir ability to work tirelessly and efficiently without getting tired or making mistakes. This makes them ideal for tasks that require precision and accuracy, such as manufacturing and assembly line work.In addition to their practical applications,intelligent robots also have the potential to revolutionize industries such as healthcare and transportation. For example, robotic surgeons can perform delicate surgeries with greater precision than human hands, while self-driving cars can reduce the risk of accidents on the road.Despite the many benefits of intelligent robots, there are also concerns about the impact they may have on the workforce. Some worry that robots will replace human workers, leading to job loss and economic instability. However, others believe that robots will create new opportunities for employment in industries that have yet to be imagined.Overall, the development of intelligent robots holds great promise for the future, offering the potential to improve efficiency, productivity, and quality of life. As technology continues to advance, it will be important for society to adapt and embrace these changes in order tofully realize the benefits of this new era of robotics.。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

机器人技术发展趋势作者:JimPinto, 圣地亚哥,美国中部.美国谈到机器人,就如同科幻一般。

但是,仅仅因为机器人在过去几十年里没有辜负自己的承诺,并不表示它们不会早到或者迟到。

事实上,一些先进技术导致的机器人的时代更近更小、更便宜、更实用、更具成本效益。

肌肉,骨骼与大脑任何机器人都有三方面:∙肌肉：有效联系物理载荷以便机器人运动。

∙骨骼：机器人的物理结构与决定于其所从事的工作; 考虑到有效载荷这就决定了机器人的大小和重量。

∙大脑：机器人智能; 它可以独立思考和做什么; 需要多少人工互动。

由于机器人已经被描绘于科幻世界,许多人期望机器人的外表更人性化。

其实机器人的外表决定于它的功能和任务。

不少机器,一点也不像人也明确地列为机器人。

同样,有些像人的机器人也脱离不了机械结构或者玩具。

起初的机器人是又大，又只有很小的力。

老水流动力机器人被用于三D环境：阴暗、肮脏、危险。

由于第一产业的技术进步,已经完全改进了机器人的能力、业绩和战略利益。

例如,80年代机器人由水流驱动过渡成为电力驱动单位。

改进了性能和准确性。

工业机器人已在工作在当今世界机器人数量已接近100万,有将近一半的在日本,仅有15%在美国。

数十年前,90%的机器人用于汽车制造业,通常用于做大量重复的工作。

今天只有50%用于汽车厂,而另一半分布于工厂、实验室、仓库、发电厂、医院和其他许多行业。

机器人用于产品装配、危险物品处理、油漆喷雾、切割、抛光、产品的检验。

那些被用于各式各样的任务的机器人数量,例如下水道清理,查找炸弹和操作日趋复杂的手术,在将来将持续上涨。

机器人智能即使原始的智力，机器人已经被证明在生产力、效率和质量方面能够创造良好收益。

除此之外,一些"聪明"机器人没有用于制造业; 他们被用于太空探险、外科遥控，甚至宠物，就像索尼的Aibo机械狗。

从某种意义上说,一些其他应用表明机器人可能的用途，如果生产厂家认识到,工业机器人并不是要局限于一个方面,或者受限制昨日机械概念。

伴随着迅速增长的电力微处理器和人工智能技术,大大提高了机器人其潜在的弹性的自动化工具。

新增加的智能机器人的应用要求先进的智能。

机器人技术融入各种辅助技术—机器视觉、传感器(接触),高级技工及语音识别。

这一令人振奋的成果代表了新水平的工作应用,比以往任何时候都认为是实际的机器人。

实行综合的机器人视觉和触觉急剧地改变了新的产品和生产体系的速度和效率。

机器人变得如此精确,以至于机器人可以应用于所有手工的场所不再是一个不可能的观点。

半导体制造业是一个例子,高度一致的吞吐量和质量,不能靠手工或简单现机械就能实现。

此外,通过使那些快速产品与传统硬质工具不相匹配部分的转换和革新，取得了显著成果。

增强竞争力如上所述, 机器人的应用起源于汽车制造业。

通用汽车已拥有四至五万的机器人，但仍然能够继续发展并运用新方法。

为了能使机器人更加智能化，现在已运用了大量新的战略选择。

在过去的两三年里，汽车价格已经下降,为了不断创造利润，制造商降低生产和结构成本。

这是唯一途径。

汽车厂改建新模式,通常需要投入数以亿计美元以购买设备。

机器人制造技术的重点是通过减少资本投资的方式以增加适用性。

新的遥控应用已被发现用在以专用设备自动作业的操作上了。

它的灵活性能作业自动化发挥得更协调,并且有重大的成本优势。

机器人协助其主要增长领域是智能机器人协助装置(IAD)。

操作员熟练地操作着机器人，就好像是自己的手和脚变长,且更有力了。

这就是遥控技术，没有人或机器人可以替代，它是有助于改造人类环境产品的一个新版本，多方面地帮助人类伙伴，包括动力供应、运动导向、线路跟踪以及程序自动化。

智能机器人协助装置运用遥控技术帮助人们以较少的压力，更多、大、好、快地操作零部件和有效载荷。

利用人类机器界面,操作员和智能机器人协助装置携手合作以优化开放性、指导性和定位移动。

传感器、计算机动力和操控运算法则将操作员的手令转译成人类提升能力装置。

遥控新格局随着科技和由摩尔法带来的经济影响将继续变换计算机的能力和价格，我们应该期望更多创新,更多具成本效益的遥控结构，以及更多在传统服务重点之外的运用。

工业遥控设备最大的变化是,他们将形成一个更广泛的多种结构和机制。

在许多情况下,牵涉到自动装置系统的配置,不会立即被认为是机器人。

例如,自动操作半导体生产的遥控装置已远远不同于那些用在汽车制造业的遥控装置。

我们会有那么一天：更多这类可编程加工的遥控设备种类会比现今有的传统遥控设备来得多。

一个突发性转变即将来临；它的潜力是巨大的，因为不久后遥控设备不仅能够提升成本效益，也能产生前所未有的优势和操作应用。

远景展望尽管机器人研究者希望仿效人类的智慧和外表,但是从未成功过。

大多数机器人仍是无形的，也并非万能，也不能快速识别目标物体。

两足直立行走的机器人微乎其微，比如本田P3就侧重于研究和示范样本。

较少结合工业机器人机器视觉系统,因此它的要求,而不是机器人机器视觉视野。

早期机器视觉领养付很高的价格,因为需要的技术知识"民心"等制度。

例如,在八十年代中期,从辛辛那提市Milacron弹性制造系统的$900,000的机器视觉系统。

到1998年,平均价格已降至$40000,并且价格继续下降。

今天,从Cognex, Omron花$2,000就能买到简单的配有视觉套传感器的模式。

减价反映了当今电脑成本的降低,和为特殊工作如侦察业等的视觉系统的重点开发。

机器人在世界各地的使用工业机器人的销售已上升到创纪录水平,它对家务杂事如除草和地毯吸尘有着巨大的未开发的潜力。

去年有3000个水下机器人、2300个爆破机器人和1600个外科手术机器人开始工作。

预计吸尘和除草的家用机器人将大幅度增加，从2000年的12500到2004年末的500，000。

iBOT Roomba吸尘器价格现在不到$200.00。

近日炭疽恐慌,人们越来越多地使用机器人排架邮局的资料。

事实上,美国邮政自动化有其巨大的潜力。

去年，1000个机器人被安装来分类包裹。

美国邮政总署估计,它有可能使用80,000机器人进行分类包裹。

环顾今日在我们身边的"机器人":瓦斯自动泵、银行自动柜员机、自助式测试线，机器已经取代许多服务工作。

在今后的数十年，不难想象图像处理的发展进步、微处理器速度和人为模拟可能导致自动化成为世界上最无聊、低智力、低工资的工作。

Marshall Brain，的创办人，写了两篇有趣的关于未来机器人的论文，很值得一读。

他觉得在今后40年内机器人将代替许多人类工作，那是很有可能的。

根据Marshall Brain的预测,在他的论文"机器人种族",人性化机器人将在2030年得到普及。

他们将取代目前由人类从事的工作，如快餐服务清洁房间和零售服务。

除非找到办法来弥补这些失去的就业机会, Marshall Brain估计在2055年超过50%的美国人将由机器人代替而失业。

智能机器人将运用到每个角落全球的HAL和数据与传感机器正在快速地接近。

事实上,在某些方面智能机器人已开始承担起人类的工作。

由于处理能力倍增,以及记忆装置技术带来更小更精确的传感器和传动,机器人将以新颖、各式各样地精彩的应用，成为今后滋生代新产品。

工业机器人绝大多数机器人被应用在制造业等重复性任务比如给汽车喷漆以及简单装配。

2000年全世界大约有10万名新的机器人,其中将近一半在日本，所以日本是最大的用户。

在2002年年底有近80万工业机器人,这个数字有可能在2004年末增加到近100万人。

在过去十年中机器人的运用增加了,而同时价格则一直下滑。

今天,机器人制造有1-2年的偿还期限。

在北美,机器人的价格相对于劳动力成本已降至26，如果考虑质量的提高则将低至12。

工业机器人的销售已达到纪录水平,在家务中，像清除草坪和清洁地毯方面，它有巨大的开发潜力。

许多新的应用机器人随着机器人智能提高,以及传感器、传动和运行机制的日甄完善,它的应用以大大增加了。

现在有成千上万的水下机器人、破坏机器人、甚至还有用远程机器人来拆除手术。

数十个实验搜救机器人踏遍倒塌的世界贸易中心双塔楼搜索残骸。

机器人专家小组在第一现场操作实验机器人，用来探寻瓦砾。

在阿富汗战争中所使用的机器人是美军作战的工具。

他们被送入洞穴、建筑物或其他地区的, 作为部队的前锋，以防止人员伤亡。

巨人步行机器人被用来伐木。

它用六个关节移动，前进和后退、横走、斜走，还可以转身和跨越障碍物。

在柏克莱分校,一个名叫micromechanical的微型昆虫飞行机器人,它有非常自然地精确度的节奏拍打翅膀。

他们的目标是建立一个又小、又灵活的装置可以探测火星表面和安全监察危险化学品泄漏,例如,秘密侦查敌军,。

预计吸尘和除草的家庭机器人将大幅度上升。

现今用机器人做家务是很实际的。

一个低廉的房屋清洗机器人近日出台了。

一个极其畅销的小型电动车吸尘器（Roomba）标价$199，它绕完整个地板,期间它所到之处都被打扫和除尘了。

Rodney Brooks?iRobotRoomba由马萨诸塞州的iRobot生产。

iRobot是多家公司中的一员，他们联合计划在今后几年内推出一系列新的机器人。

不久将推出新产品机器人，包括自动地板清洁器和实业工具，从而去从事无聊、肮脏、危险的工作,如检查油井。

当然,自治油井督察人员并不像一些有识之士所预言的那样会和机器仆人一样颤动。

虽然还是不太引人注目，但是人工智能和机器人正进入日常生活。

Rodney Brooks,人工智能实验室主任、美国iRobot公司的董事长,参与了这场十年变革。

他的新书" Flesh & Machines "主要研究与生命有关的许多主题的机器人。

Brooks创造他所谓的"situated creatures"的热情是本书的中心, "situated creatures"是我们后来当作我们的老师和同伴。

Rodney Brooks麻省理工实验室挤满了机器人，从机械腿到具有人类特性的机器人，用人类一样的表情和动作，依靠人力机器人接口。

Brooks认为要人们接受机器人的生活是有争议的。

普通版机器的第一代已经被实验室遗弃了。

Rodney Brooks对post-PC的未来有他的想法：传感器和微处理器应该装在汽车里面、办公室和家里，并通过各种言论和动作接口在上衣口袋进行资料检索,还有用于沟通、做各种各样的事情。

他坚持认为,智能时代,移动机械已经开始出现。

你只需要知道哪里可以找到它们，或者在油井、医疗实验室、财政服务或者是建筑公司。

军事 & 国防应用现在iRobot已经依美国防部的合同建造了一个机器人,其大小像手提箱那样，可攀爬楼梯,沟渠、可在水下三层生存。