初中升高中英语衔接讲义及配套训练(初升高讲义含答案)
个人整理的初高中英语知识衔接讲解和练习题带答案
个人整理的初高中英语知识衔接讲解和练习题带答案初高中英语知识衔接方略编写：张春晓王媛媛学法指导初中英语和高中英语的学习属于两个不同的学段，两者之间存有知识的断层，但并非不可逾越，其中还是有衔接的规律可循。
现行初高中英语教材的教学要求有明显的梯度,初中侧重于基础知识,强调听说领先;高中则侧重于培养学生的阅读理解能力和语言运用及读写能力。
初中课文中句型较简单,基础知识占一定比例，学生容易接受；而高中课文句型较为复杂，词汇量明显增多，出现一些难句、长句，并且语法繁杂。
教学要求的梯度和侧重点的转移使高中一年级学生一时难以适应，而高一的起步关系到整个高中阶段的成败。
因此，在高中入学前后的这段时间内，通过复习高中学习阶段必备的初中知识，并预学部分高中知识，提前熟悉和掌握高中的学习方法，学生就可以扎实地迈好从初中到高中的第一步。
有鉴于此，我们精心编写了这套初高中英语衔接教材，旨在从知识、学习方法、认知等方面帮助学生架设“阶梯”，使学生都能顺利越过知识的“台阶”，实现学习方法的转变，养成良好的预习、复习、使用工具书、整理错题、写日记等良好习惯，从而尽快适应高中阶段的学习。
好的习惯是我们通向成功的一把钥匙。
高一阶段，应特别注意养成以下几个新的学习习惯。
1．使用工具书的习惯。
工具书是“自学的好帮手”。
这里的工具书指的是：字典和语法工具书。
我建议同学们选择一本英汉双解词典作自己的良师益友，遇到词汇方面的疑问不要被动等待老师解答，而是要主动地学会自己查词典求得答案。
而且必须要把它养成习惯，这同时也是一种能力的培养。
另外也要手头自备一本好的英语语法工具书，如《薄冰语法》等，养成遇到比较难的语法时，不要急着问老师，要自己查工具书，要养成借助于工具书进行课外阅读的习惯，除了阅读，要有意识地运用所学的语法知识造句写作文，能够正确地理解语言和运用语言，达到学习语法的目的——学以致用。
2．预习的习惯。
预习是一种有效提高学习效率的好方法。
初中升高中英语衔接讲义一
Unit 2 Project Writing an advice letter一、语言知识与运用【紧扣课本知识，拓展与提高】1.【2011全国卷】It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like manA.a; aB.a; theC.the; theD.a; 不填2. What do you think ______ the children most now?A. interestingB. interestsC. interestedD. be interested3. He passed by us ______ he hadn’t seen us.A. as thoughB. thoughC. even thoughD. even if4. The bus driver insisted that he ____ at a normal speed and therefore _____ for the child’s death.A. drive; shouldn’t answerB. was driving; shouldn’t answerC. should drive; shouldn’t have answeredD. drove; shouldn’t answer.5. The officer insisted that the young girl_____ a thief and that she____ free at once.A. was not; be setB. should not be; be setC. was not; was to be setD. was not ; set6. No matter what you say, I shall _____ my opinion.A. carry outB. keep upC. insist onD. stick to7. 【2004江苏】The man insisted _______ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A. findB. to findC. on findingD. in finding8. He hated the work. He could not even pretend to show any _____ in the work.A. mercyB. emotionC. interestD. sign9. The student insisted that he _____ in the examination and _____ punished.A. should not cheated; shouldn’t beB. hadn’t cheated; not beC. wasn’t cheated; mustn’tD. didn’t cheat ; couldn’t10. Little Jim was ill. His mother insisted _____ .A. on his sending to bedB. on him to be sent to bedC. on his being sent to bedD. his being sent to bed.11. Please make sure the lights will __________ if on one is in the room.A. turn offB. put outC. go outD. take off12.----- Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.------- Why ________? John is sitting there doing nothing.A. himB. heC. ID. me13. Jenny insisted that the work________ by the middle of June.A. could be finishedB. should finishC. be finishedD. must be finished14.----- Excuse me, may I ask you some questions?----- Sorry, I am too busy and haven’t even a minute to __________.A. spendB. spareC. shareD. stop15. 【2006上海】The parents suggested______ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp outduring the trip.A. sleepB. to sleepC. sleepingD. having slept16. ----- How do you ______ we go Beijing for our holidays?-------- I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable.A. insistB. wantC. supposeD. suggest17. Everyone agreed to his suggestion ______ a bridge _____ built across the river.A. that; beB. that; will beC. which; would beD. as ; should be18. The _________ expression【表情】on his face suggests that he _______ in the exam.A. disappointed; failedB. disappointed; failC. disappointing; failedD. disappointing; fail19. 【2005湖北】They started off late and got to the airport with minutes to _________A. spareB. catchC. leaveD. make20. Professor Wang gave us some good _____ on how to learn English well and will give some ________ onhow to improve our _____ English.A. advices; suggestions; writingB. advice; suggestions; writtenC. advices; suggestion; writingD. advice; suggestion; written21. 【2007江苏】He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ______ in his lectures.A. interestedB. interestingC. interestD. to interest22. －I think robots will play an important part in our life. Don’t you think so?－Yes. _______.A. No pains, no gainsB. Early birds catch wormsC. Great minds think alikeD. Facts speak louder than words23. 【全国I】.—Everybody is going to climb the mountain. Can I go too, mom?—______ Wait till you are old enough, dear.A. Will you?B. Why not?C. I hope so.D. I’m afraid not.24. The school headmaster forbids ______ in the office.A. smokingB. to smokeC. us smokeD. from smoking二、单词拼写：1. Nowadays, young people all like c____________ online.2. The teacher i_________ that the homework be finished before Tuesday.3. I was u____________ because I failed again in the exam.4. Childhood is always the happiest p___________ in one’s whole life.5. The boss said to me, “You will have to work like _______ to get this finished.”6. Mother has _______ me from meeting my friends online at the Internet café.7. Her cool response【反映】______ that she didn’t like his offer.8. She is really a _________ person, as she always thinks about herself. 【自私的】9. I don’t think my words can do harm to our _____________ 【关系】三、句型转换1. The soldier insisted that he should be sent to the front.The soldier insisted ________ ________ ________ ________ the front.2.Photography is not allowed in the museum.Photography ________ ________ in the museum.四、完成句子：1. Even if I make a small mistake, my mother will shout at me ______ ______.【发疯似地】2. The teacher ________ ________ my paper with Tom’s 【混淆，弄乱】3. Don’t be so hard on him; _______ ________, he is just a boy of 12.4. They are talking ________ _______ they are good friends. 【似乎】5.If you ______ ________ very late at night, you will feel sleepy the next day.6. In such a good day, I _______ _______ going out for a walk. 【喜欢】7. 她很累，想要好好睡一觉。
初升高暑假英语衔接课讲义：第十讲 新题型综合训练2
第十讲新题型综合训练2目标导航：1.了解高中英语新题型---概要写作/读后续写/完形填空2.通过典型例题了解此项题型的解题思路3.通过自我检测做一些基础检查和巩固提高，提高认知能力一、知识整合（一）解题步骤概要写作要求读懂所给的阅读材料，用自己的语言高度概括文章的主要内容和观点，有三个步骤：（1）阅读a.把握文章体裁。
概要写作的前提是要理解原文。
首先，通读原文，把握文章体裁、中心思想和整体结构，根据文章的体裁特点来决定内容的取舍，可以从以下方面的内容(见下表)入手。
▲不同体裁文章的要点b.画出主题句或关键词，主题句一般出现在段首或段尾。
在找到主题句后，要分析主题句的意义，进一步确定衬托主题句的一些关键词（组）如动词、名词等。
c.整合概括大意。
根据阅读时获取的信息、主题句或关键词(组)等，对相关的内容进行整合，理清各层次、要点之间的关系，用自己的语言把词(组)扩展成句，归纳出各段落的大意，也就是表达的要点。
（2）写作概要写作不是对原文的简单复述，而是在透彻理解原文的基础上，对原文进行高度的概括。
注意以下几点：a.准确。
准确理解原文包括对原文中每个要点及与之相关的“一些重要论据，句子的理解等。
概要写作必须绝对忠实于原文，既不能遗漏任何要点，也不能随意添加内容。
概要写作的时态顺应与原文的时态，顺序一致。
由于概要写作是转述别人的事情或观点，所以，不管原文使用何种人称概要写作一般都要用第三人称。
b.客观。
在进行概要写作时，要依据原文作者的观点，客观地转述文中的要点，不要把自己个人的观点和看法掺杂进去，不要使用“ I think”和“ I believe”等主观性的词句。
由于概要写作不允许照抄原文中的句子，因此，可采用句型转换、同义词转化、语态互换等手法将原文中的句子进行改头换面，达到“雁过不留痕”的效果。
如可用单个词汇替换具有相同语法功能的单词和词组：用determine代替“ make up one’s mind”;用therefore和to等表示逻辑意义的连接词代替较长的词组“ as a result”和“ in order to”等。
初升高衔接指南英语答案
初升高衔接指南英语答案一、听力理解1. A解析：根据对话内容，第一个问题询问了关于时间的安排，对话中提到了“Let's meet at 3:00 PM.” 因此，正确答案是A。
2. C解析：第二个问题询问了地点，对话中提到了“Let's meet at the library.” 因此，正确答案是C。
3. B解析：第三个问题询问了人物关系，对话中提到了“Tom is my brother.” 所以，正确答案是B。
4. A解析：第四个问题询问了计划，对话中提到了“Let's go to the concert.” 因此，正确答案是A。
5. C解析：第五个问题询问了对话者的情绪，对话中提到了“Sounds great!” 表示积极的情绪，所以正确答案是C。
二、阅读理解1. D解析：根据文章内容，第一篇文章讨论了学习英语的重要性，选项D“Learning English is crucial.” 与文章主题相符。
2. A解析：第二篇文章讨论了高中生活的新挑战，选项A“Hi gh school life brings new challenges.” 与文章内容一致。
3. C解析：第三篇文章讨论了如何适应新环境，选项C“Adapting to a new environment is essential.” 与文章主题相吻合。
4. B解析：第四篇文章讨论了时间管理的重要性，选项B“Time management is important for students.” 与文章内容相符。
5. A解析：第五篇文章讨论了如何提高学习效率，选项A“Improving study efficiency is necessary.” 与文章主题一致。
三、完形填空1. B解析：根据上下文，这里需要一个动词，表示“开始”，因此选择“begin”。
2. C解析：根据上下文，这里需要一个名词，表示“课程”，因此选择“curriculum”。
初高衔接英语讲义(学生版)1
第一讲重点单词讲与练词汇+短语+句型+练习①一、核心单词讲与练1．volunteer n．志愿者；志愿兵；vt.&vi.自愿(经典佳句)He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for Beijing winter Olympic Games.现在他正在采访一位北京冬季奥林匹克运动会的志愿者李燕。
(1)volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事volunteer for sth. 自愿做某事volunteer as sth. 自愿担任(2)voluntary adj. 自愿的①The girl took the place of her brother as a volunteer to take part in the activity.②The couple often volunteer to take part in activities helping those in trouble.[即学即练]单句语法填空(1)We need some _________(volunteer) to look after the old in the nursing home.(2)As is shown in the picture, one person is asking the other to do some _________ (volunteer) work.(3)The businessman volunteered _________ (set) up a school for poor people.名师指津：既可用作名词也可用作动词的词汇荟萃：2.debate n．争论；辩论vi.争论；辩论(高一教材)Debate Club 辩论俱乐部(1)have a heated debate 进行激烈的辩论under debate 在讨论中；在辩论中beyond/without debate 无可争议(2)debate with sb. about/on... 就……与某人辩论①Read the following tips for organizing an informal class debate.②We debated on the question till late into the night.③They debated with each other on the environmental protection.[即学即练]单句语法填空(1)The students had a heated debate ________ whether the cultural relic was worth rebuilding.(2)As far as I know, the plan is _________ debate and hasn't been passed yet.3.prefer vt. (preferred; preferred; preferring) 更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)(高一教材)I prefer helping others. 我喜欢帮助别人。
初升高英语衔接教材讲义系列_专题2.6 高频词汇熟词新义、一词多义、派生词以及写作高级词汇替换(答案版)
高频词汇熟词新义、一词多义、派生词和写作高级词汇替换练习根据语境写出下划线单词的汉语意思。
1. He looked at me in an absent way.adj. 茫然的，恍惚的2. This hotel can accommodate more than 5oo guests.accommodate vt 容纳3. He was aching for home.ache v. 渴望4.“They don't know．”he added．vt．接着说，又说；补充说5.It is said that our headmaster will address the meeting.vt. 向...发表演说6. against （熟义：反对，违背）The picture looks good against the white wall．prep．衬着，迎着，靠着7.Don't air your troubles too often．v. 抒发；倾诉；传播）不要经常发牢骚。
8.The nurse attended to him day and night.v. 看护；治疗9.Poor health may be a bar to success in life.n. 障碍10.I can't think where I've left my umbrella; my mind's a complete blank.n.记忆中的空白，遗忘11. The athlete has a solid build.n. 身材，体形12.He likes to bare his heart/soul with his close friends.vt. 向某人袒露心声13.He was badly wounded in the war and still bears the scars. v. 显示，带有14.All our plans broke down．（计划）失败，坚持不下去。
初升高衔接讲义英语答案
初升高衔接讲义英语答案一、词汇练习1. 根据题目所给的英文释义，填写正确的单词。
- A. 朋友 (Friend)- B. 旅行 (Journey)- C. 环境 (Environment)- D. 机会 (Opportunity)- E. 教育 (Education)2. 根据题目所给的单词，选择正确的中文释义。
- A. Challenge (挑战)- B. Experience (经历)- C. Culture (文化)- D. Communication (交流)- E. Achievement (成就)二、语法填空1. The teacher asked us to write a report on the _______ (environment).答案：environment2. She is looking forward to _______ (travel) around the world.答案：traveling3. He has made a great _______ (achievement) in his career.答案：achievement4. It's important to have good _______ (communicate) skillsin today's world.答案：communication5. We should respect different _______ (culture) and traditions.答案：cultures三、阅读理解阅读下列短文，然后回答问题。
In the past few years, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of environmental protection. Many people have started to take action to reduce pollution and protect the environment. Governments around the world are also making efforts to create laws that will help to protect the environment.1. What is the main topic of the passage?答案：The main topic of the passage is environmental protection.2. Why are people taking action to protect the environment?答案：People are taking action to reduce pollution and protect the environment.3. What are governments doing to help protect the environment?答案：Governments are making laws to help protect the environment.四、完形填空阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的选项中选择最佳选项填空。
人教版初升高中英语衔接教材教案讲义
暑期初高中衔接英语教学资料一、十大词类英语中的词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征可分为十大词类。
名词（n.）noun"名"就是名称--人或事物的名称.具体的人或物体的名称:人名--Mike,Li Ming;地名—America ,China 动物名--pig,dog;植物名--tree,wheat.抽象的事物的名称:idea(主意),victory(胜利),knowledge(知识). 名词可分为两大类：1、普通名词(common noun)是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。
例如：Teacher、 market、 rice；2、专有名词(proper noun)是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。
专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。
例如：Hemingway Russia。
名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun)与不可数名词(uncountable noun)两种。
名词可做主语、表语、定语、补语、同位语。
如：My sister is reading a novel. (主语)She is my sister.(表语) Iinvite my friend to dinner.(宾语)代词(pron.) pronoun何谓“代” ？即是替代的意思，主要是来替代名词，有时代替数词。
所以说名词和代词关系是很近的，或者说代词的实质就是名词，正是这种血液关系，绝大多数时候代词跟名词在句中起的作用是一样的。
如：She(主语) brought me(宾语) these books, so they are mine.(表语)动词（v.）verb"动"就是动作或状态--人的五官动作:walk(走),jump(跳),swim(游泳);人的大脑动作(心理活动):think(想),imagine(想象).也有些动词是表示静止的，如：am，is，are。
动词根据起意义和作用可分为实义动词、系动词、情态动词和助动词。
初升高(初高中衔接)学生暑期英语学习讲与练—— 代词【含答案】
初升高（初高中衔接）学生暑期英语学习讲与练专题代词一、代词的定义及类别代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。
按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。
二、人称代词1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。
2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。
通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。
如：I like table tennis. （作主语）Do you know him?（作宾语）3.人称代词还可作表语。
作表语时用宾格。
如：---Whos is knocking at the door?---It’s me.4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。
如：He is older than me.He is older than I am.三、物主代词1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。
物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。
2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。
例如：Our teacher is coming to see us.This is her pencil-box.3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）--- Is this English-book yours? （作表语）--- No. Mine is in my bag.I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）四、指示代词指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。
1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如：This is a pen and that is a pencil．We are busy these days．In those days the workers had a hard time．2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，例如：I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.What I want to say is this ; pronunciat ion is very important in learning English．3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai．4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。
初中升高中英语衔接讲义
二、初高中英语衔接专题一：名词考点集汇，讲解和训练【名师点睛】一、名词的数1．单数和复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s〞构成，其主要变法如下：〔1〕一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。
〔2〕以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：bus→buses，class→classesbox→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。
〔3〕以ce, se, ze,〔d〕ge结尾的名词加s，例如：orange—oranges。
〔4〕以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y〞为“i〞再加-es,例如：city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。
但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，如：boy→boys,day→days。
〔5〕以o结尾的词多数都加-es。
例如:hero→heroes，potato→potato es，tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。
例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。
〔6〕以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v再加-es，例如：knife→knives，leaf→leaves, half→halves。
复数词尾s〔或es〕的读音方法如下表所示。
复数词尾s〔或es〕的读音方法〔7，foot→feet，child→children，mouse→mice。
【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。
例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。
【7本合辑】初高中英语衔接教育讲义
【7本合辑】初高中英语衔接教育讲义一、引言本文档旨在提供一套完整的初高中英语衔接教育讲义，帮助学生顺利过渡并提高英语研究水平。
该合辑包括以下七本教材。
二、教材一：初中英语衔接教育讲义该教材针对初中学生，以巩固和扩展他们在初中所学的英语知识为主题。
涵盖了词汇、语法、听力、阅读和写作等方面的内容，旨在提高学生的语言研究能力。
三、教材二：高中英语衔接教育讲义该教材针对高中学生，旨在巩固他们在初中所学的英语基础，并为他们迈入高中英语研究提供坚实的桥梁。
内容涉及词汇拓展、语法深化、听说能力提升、阅读理解和写作技巧等方面。
四、教材三：初高中英语衔接听力讲义该教材专注于学生的听力技巧培养。
通过提供丰富多样的听力材料和相关练，帮助学生提高听力理解能力，培养他们在高中英语研究中应对各种听力任务的能力。
五、教材四：初高中英语衔接阅读讲义该教材注重培养学生的阅读理解能力。
通过提供多样化的阅读材料和相关练，引导学生提高阅读速度、理解文章大意、抓取关键信息和分析文本结构的能力。
六、教材五：初高中英语衔接写作讲义该教材旨在帮助学生提高英语写作水平。
内容涵盖了写作结构、段落衔接、语言表达和篇章连贯等方面的要点，并提供相关的写作练，引导学生有效地表达自己的思想和观点。
七、教材六：初高中英语衔接词汇讲义该教材针对学生的词汇扩展提供了有针对性的讲解。
通过介绍常用词汇、词汇搭配和词语用法，帮助学生丰富词汇量，提高词汇应用能力。
八、教材七：初高中英语衔接语法讲义该教材专注于学生的语法能力提升。
通过系统地介绍英语语法的基本知识和常见问题，帮助学生掌握不同句型的用法，提高语法运用的准确性和流利度。
九、结论本合辑的初高中英语衔接教育讲义旨在为学生提供全面的英语研究支持，帮助他们顺利过渡并取得进步。
希望学生能够充分利用这些教材，积极参与研究，提高自己的英语水平。
以上，是关于【7本合辑】初高中英语衔接教育讲义的简要介绍。
初高中衔接英语语法讲义及专项习题集(共12个专题 79页 附答案)
初高中衔接英语语法讲义及专项习题集（共12个专题 79页附答案）目录专题一：名词考点集汇，讲解和训练专题二：形容词、副词考点集汇，讲解和训练专题三：动词考点集汇，讲解和训练专题四：数词、冠词考点集汇，讲解和训练专题五：代词考点集汇，讲解和训练专题六：介词、连词考点集汇，讲解和训练专题七：英语句子的考点集汇，讲解和训练专题八：宾语从句考点集汇，讲解和训练专题九：状语从句的考点集汇，讲解和训练专题十：定语从句的考点集汇，讲解和训练专题十一：主谓一致的考点集汇，讲解和训练专题十二：短语动词和句型的考点集汇，讲解和训练练习（一）完型专练练习（二）阅读专练✧初中英语语法大全语法网络图✧专题一名词1、名词的种类：1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法1 一般情况在词尾加-s2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es加-s4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专tomato-tomatoespiano-pianos, photo-pho tos, auto-autos,kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s8 以-th结尾的名词加-s例词man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-gees e,mouse-micelooks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)Ameri cans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes,Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese结尾的English men, Frenchwomen8名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s 构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。
前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。
初升高(初高中衔接)学生暑期英语学习讲与练—— 定语从句【含答案】
初升高（初高中衔接）学生暑期英语学习讲与练专题定语从句一、定语从句的意义形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句的位置：一般置于先行词之后，由关系代词和关系副词引导。
二、关系词的用法引导定语从句的关系代词有which, that, who, whom, whose o关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用，而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。
1.关系代词的用法：1）由who引导的定语从句关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。
如：A teacher is a person who passes knowledge to the student.教师是传授知识的人。
（关系代词在从句中作主语）The man who can do this work will get 1000 dollars.能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。
（关系代词who在从句中作主语）2）由whom引导的定语从句关系代词whom只能指人，是who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，在口语中常常省略。
如：The man whom you met on the street is my father.你在街上碰到的那个人是我父亲。
（关系代词who在从句中作宾语，可以省略）The woman （whom）you talked with yesterday will come here the day after tomorrow. 昨天和你谈话的那位妇女后天来这儿。
（关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，可以省略）As is announced in today's newspaper, we must improve our style of work.今天的报纸上说，我们必须改进工作作风。
作主语时，which既可以作系动词be的主语，也可以作实义动词的主语，而as只可以作系动词be的主语。
初升高中英语语法衔接专题：词法、句子成分和结构及训练(含答案)
初高语法衔接专题一十大词类一、名词（n.）1.定义：表示人或事物名称的词叫名词。
e.g. Tom, scientist, doctor, feeling, Internet, Shanghai, animal2.名词的句法功能1) The book is well worth reading.2) He knew 6 languages.3) They elected him monitor.4) Is it a color TV?5) I watch a football match last night.二、代词（pron.）1.定义：代词是代替名词的词。
英语的代词按照其不同的含义与作用可分为9类：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词，指示代词，相互代词，不定代词，疑问代词，连接代词，关系代词。
2.分类单数复数1）人称代词主格：I, you, he, she, it we, you, they宾格：me, you, him, her, it us, you, them2）物主代词形容词：my, your, his, her, its our, your, their名词：mine, your, his, hers, its ours, yours, theirs3)反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, yourselves, themselvesitself4)指示代词this, that these, those5)相互代词宾格: each other, one another所有格：each other’s, one another’s6)不定代词可数：each, one, many, (a) few, both, another, either, neither不可数：much, (a) little可数/不可数：all, some, none, such, any, other复合不定代词：anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, nobody,nothing, everybody, everyone, everything7)疑问代词：who, whom, whose, which, what8)连接代词：who(ever), whom(ever), whose(ver), which(ever), what(ever)9)关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as三、形容词（adj.）1.定义：形容词用于修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质和特征，在句中可作：定语、表语、补语或状语。
初高中英语衔接班讲义(原创)
衔接班讲义一1.走进高中英语a。
题型和分值;b.高中主要英语语法（高一阶段语法)；—5段对话+5段材料共20题（30分）；单选—10个小题（句意：动词和词组4个，介词短语1个,形容词+副词3个，名词2个)体验:30。
The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct in applying for a visa。
(湖北2012)考查名词辨析A。
pattern B。
procedure C. program D。
perspective25。
The furniture, with its modem style and bright colors, suits modem houses and their gardens, but looks in the garden of a traditional home. （湖北2012)考查介短A. out of questionB. out of orderC. out of sight D。
out of place完型填空和阅读理解（完型20分+阅读（A—E）40分)侧重考查单词和词组的辨析，上下文的联系，淡化语法的考查.书面表达（完成句子10个20分+作文(120字)30分）完成句子集中考查单词，短语的用法；句型结构和相关语法知识。
(独立主格，分词作状语，宾语从句套强调句,部分倒装，虚拟语气,让步状语从句,被动语态和时态,固定搭配,表语从句）作文多为话题式展开体验:73。
1 don’t know in the novel that made him burst into tsars。
(what）我不知道是小说中的什么东西使他突然泪如泉涌。
（湖北2012）78. The soldier was absent from his camp for three days without (ask）这个士兵没有请假就离开营地三天。
初升高暑期英语初高衔接初三升高一新高一讲义第17讲 条件状语从句结果状语从句
1、上次课后巩固作业复习；2、互动探索以if …I will…来讲述一段自己曾经感到遗憾的经历知识名称：条件状语从句和结果状语从句【知识梳理1】条件状语从句(1) if引导的条件状语从句If引导条件状语从句。
翻译成“如果”3. You'll succeed in time you study hard.A. unlessB. as long asC. even ifD. even though4. The robber told him that he had better keep silent he wanted to get into trouble.A. ifB. unlessC. otherwiseD. whether5. I have made a promise anyone can tell me the secret, I'll give him a little present.A. that ifB. thatC. whenD. so long as6. Don't let her leave the department she is not ready to.A. ifB. thoughC. unlessD. till7. I wrote these words down I should forget.A. forB. soC. lestD. since8. We are sure to do the work well we don't lose heart.A. forB. so long asC. as ifD. since9. He would be punished he should make the same mistake again.A. unlessB. ifC. providedD. lest10.Anyone can borrow books from this library he keeps them clean and returns them in time.A. even ifB. unlessC. so thatD. as long asKeys:1-5 BCBBA 6-10 AC BBD2，提高题1， _______ you return those books to the library immediately, you will have to pay a fine.答案：Unless2，The parents did not allow their son to swim in the sea _______ he might have an accident some day.答案：. in case3，. It is a gripping story and one can't put it down one has finished reading it.答案：until,4，.They agreed to rent the house the roof should be repaired.答案. on condition that5，_____ environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem（生态系统）to recover.答案：.Once6.只要你可以上网，任何难题几乎都可瞬间解决。
初升高英语衔接班八讲座资料及练习
第一讲一. 教学内容：初升高英语衔接班第1讲二. 重、难点：（一）认识初、高中英语的区别即将开始的高中学习生活，特别是英语的学习是与初中阶段有着很大不同的：1. 课本编排上的区别：初中的每一个单元是分为4课的，每篇中有的是对话，有的是阅读文，也配有一些练习，而高中的每个单元并不分课，而是基本上按版块划分，大体为“Warming up”（热身），即是针对本单元的话题提出的一些问题，以练习口语的形式做引子，便于进入本单元的主题，然后为“listening”（听力）和“speaking”（说），这两部分都是旨在进一步提高我们的听、说能力，难度较初中有较大的提高，请同学们做好准备。
下个部分就是“Reading”了，高中的阅读文分为阅读前和阅读后的讨论、思考问题并加入了有关的语言知识的学习及练习，可以说在内容上是极大地丰富了。
除此之外还会有稍短的阅读，写作等方面的练习，即“Integrating skills”（综合训练）当然书后的workbook也与初中不同，内容更为丰富，练习也更多。
2. 在词汇上的区别：我们初中的教材已是新版本了，每个单元的单词可能大家觉得已经不少了，但高中教材中的词汇更是成倍甚至是成三倍地增加了，这也是新编教材的一个特点，加入了许多当前常用的，新出现的流行的词汇，也是与我们学的新编初中课本相承接的，所以，为了能尽快适应高中词汇的学习，我们应该及早着手把初中阶段的词汇再熟悉一遍。
另外，对于高中英语词汇的学习，大家还要知道其要求是远远高于初中的，在学习单词时，我们既要了解它在文中的意思，还要掌握它在练习中，考试中可能出现的所有意思，用法及搭配等。
3. 在所学语法上的区别：在初中阶段我们把基础的语法内容已经学习过了，而在高中我们要学习的是更深更高层次的语法。
如定语从句，非谓语动词、名词性从句，倒装结构、虚拟语气等等，其中的部分内容我们并不陌生，但是初中我们所接触的还只是皮毛，高中阶段的学习会比之前的所学内容复杂得多，所以我们要充分利用暑假把之前的漏洞弥补好，在后面的学习中，我们也会一起与大家重温这些知识并将之与高中内容做一对比，为大家步入高中学习打好基础。
(初高中衔接)英语语法讲义大全附配套练习汇总
（初高中衔接）英语语法讲义大全附配套练习汇总练习阅读专练阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
AMr. Read was born in a small village with high mountains all around it．He has fewfields and he can’t get enough food for his family．He’s often worri ed about it．So he works harder and harder and tries his best to get more money．One afternoon，Mr. Read went out to look for some grass for his cows．It was very hot and he had to have a swim．Suddenly he saw a big tortoise in the water．He sw am there and caught it．The next morning he went to the town to sell it in the markets．When he was walking in the street, a car hit him down and he was hurt．He was sent to hospital at once．The doctors looked him over and had an operation on him．Two weeks l ater he felt much better．The doctors were satisfied with the operation and said，“You’ll be fully recovered in a week．We’re sure you can write when you leave hospital．”“It’s really a miracle（奇迹）！”shouted Mr. Read，“I could neither read nor write before！”1．The Reads have little food becauseA．they live in a small village B．they have few fieldsC．they’re too lazy to work D．nobody would help them to getmoney2．Mr. Read jumped into the river becauseA．he wanted to get some grass in the waterB．he wanted to look for a tortoise in the waterC．he wanted to have a good rest in the waterD．he wanted to have a swim3．Mr. Read’s was hurt in the traffic accident．A．head B．leg C．right hand D．left hand4．In Chinese the phrase“be fully recovered”meansA.完全覆盖B．全部找回C．恢复疲劳D．恢复健康5. What the doctor said meant that ______________ .A. he did a very successful operationB. the farmer was lucky enough to write after the operationC. the accident helped the farmer to writeD. he taught the farmer to write while he was stayin g in hospitalBHappiness is for everyone. You don’t need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars anda lot of money and s o on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel lonelyand those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you; when you study hard at your lessons, your parent s are always taking good care of your life and your health; when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you; when you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. All these are your happiness. If you notice them, you can see that happiness is always around you.Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can’t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, life is like a revolving(旋转) door.When it closes, it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and lucky person.1. Happiness is for_________.A. those who have large and beautiful housesB. those who have carsC. those who have a lot of moneyD. all people2. When you do something wrong, _______________.A. you may correct itB. you will have no chance to challenge yourselfC. anybody will laugh at youD. you will be happy3. Which is TRUE according to the passage?A. When you get success, your friends will be very proud of you.B. You can get help from others when you make mistakes.C. You can still be a happy person even if you have little money.D. All the above.4. Why do we say “Happiness is not the same as money”? Because ___________.A. money always brings happinessB. money doesn’t always bring happinessC. everything can be bought with moneyD. only rich people have happiness5. Which is the title of the passage?A. Do Something Good to OthersB. Happy and LuckyC. HappinessD. Life and SuccessCOne night, a little before nine o’clock, Dr Johnson was answering a telephone call. Hewas asked to go and give an operation to a very sick boy at once. The boy was in a small hospital in Glens Falls, sixty miles away from Dr Johnson’s city – Albany. The boy had hurt himself in a traffic accident. His wife was in danger, but his family was so poor that they could not pay the doctor anything. After he heard all this, Dr Johnson was driving carefully.He thought that he could get to the hospital before 12 o’clock. A few minutes later, the doctor’s car had to stop for a red light at a crossing. Suddenly a man in an old black coat opened the door of the car and got in.“Drive on”, he said. “I’ve got a gun (枪).”“I’m a doctor,” said Johnson, “I’m on my way to a hospital to operate on a very sick…”“Don’t talk,” said the man in the old black coat, “Just drive.”A mile out of the town he ordered the doctor to stop the car and get out. Then theman drove on down the road. The doctor stood for a moment in the snow. After half an hour, Dr Johnson found a telephone and called a taxi. At the railway station he learned that the next train to Glens Falls would not leave until 12 o’clock.It was after two o’clock in the morning when the doctor arrived at the hospital in Glens Falls. Miss Clarke, a nurse, was waiting for him.“I did my best,” said Dr Johnson. Miss Clarke said, “The boy died an hour ago.”They walked into the waiting room. There sat the man in the old black coat, with his head in his hands.“Mr. Shute,” said Miss Clarke to the man, “this is Dr Johnson. He had come all the way from Albany to try to save your boy.”1. From the story we know it took Dr Johnson _________ to get to the hospital.A. 12 hoursB. 7 hoursC. only 1 hourD. about 5 hours2. Dr Johnson was late because __________.A. there was something wrong with his carB. a strange man made it hard to driveC. a strange man drove his car awayD. the train to Glens Falls was late3. From the story we know Dr Johnson _________.A. was a good man, he didn’t care for the moneyB. hurt himself on the way to Glens FallsC. did the operation and boy was savedD. wouldn’t do the operation until the boy’s family paid the money4. The man in a black coat __________.A. hit the boy and ran awayB. took the boy to the hospitalC. was the boy’s fatherD. was the real doctor5. The man in black would feel __________ in the end.A. happy and pleasedB. regretful(悔恨) and sadC. worried and angryD. tired and hungryD. The Singing DoctorNick Petrella is a doctor in Montreal. He works 60 hours a week. He has to take care of 159 patients a week in the hospital and at his office. He’s been a doctor for ten year s.Dr. Petrella gives his patients good medical advice. But he doesn’t just tell his patients what to do. He also sings to them on television! Dr. Petrella has his own TV show. The doctor starts the show with a song and then gives medical advice. He explains a medical problem or disease in simple language. After that, he sings another song.Dr. Petrella produces and performs in his own show every week. The program is very popular with his patients and with people who enjoy his singing. His dream is to perform （表演）in Las Vegas. His favorite songs are love songs, and he has a small disk of love songs that he wrote. Dr. Petrella says, “I always loved to sing. All my problems are gone when I sing.” But when Dr. Petrella was young, his father didn’t want him to be a singer, so he went to medical school.Some people tell Dr. Petrella he can help people more as a doctor. But Dr. Petrella says he helps people when he sings, too. “I like to make people smile. Sometimes it’s difficult to make a sick person smile. Medicine and entertainment（娱乐）both try to do the same thing. They try to make people feel good.”1. Dr. Petrella works 60 hours a week, because he ____________________.A. gives his patients medical adviceB. takes care of 159 patients a weekC. sings on televisionD. has his own TV show2. Dr. Petrella _____________________, so he is called a singing doctor.A. has been a doctor for ten yearsB. always loved to singC. is popular with his patientsD. also sings to his patients on TV3. In his TV show, Dr. Petrella ___________________.A. sings and gives medical adviceB. sings about different diseasesC. starts to explain diseases with a songD. sings love songs he wrote4. Dr. Petrella’s show is popular ________________.A. in Las Vegas.B. at medical schoolC. with people who like his singingD. with patients in Montreal5. Dr. Petrella says he likes to __________________.A. help people singB. make people feel betterC. do the same thingD. make difficult people smileE. 66 Days at SeaA couple from Miami, Bill and Simone Bultler, spent sixty-six days in a life-raft（救生艇）in the seas of Central America after their boat sank.Twenty-one days after they left Panama in their boat, Siboney, they met some whales.“They started to hit the side of the boat,” said Bill, “and then suddenly we heard water.”Two minutes later, the boat was sinking. They jumped into the life-raft and watched the boat go under the water.For twenty days they had tins of food, biscuits, and bottles of water. They also had a fishing-line and a machine to make salt water into drinking water – two things which saved their lives. They caught eight to ten fish a day and ate them raw（生的）. Then the line broke.“So we had no more fish until something very strange happened. Some sharks came to feed, and the fish under the raft were afraid and came to the surface. I caught them with my hands.”About twenty ships passed them, but no one saw them. After fifty days at sea their life-raft was beginning to break up. Then suddenly it was all over. A fishing boat saw them and picked them up. They couldn’t stand up. So the captain（船长）carried them onto his boat and took them to Costa Rica. Their two months at sea was over.1. Bill and Simone were travelling _____________ when they met some whales.A. in a life-raftB. in MiamiC. in SiboneyD. in Panama2. The whales hit the side of the boat, and then ____________.A. they broke the side of the boatB. they brought in a lot of waterC. they pulled the boatD. they went under the water3. After their boat sank , the couple ______________.A. jumped into the life-raftB. heard waterC. watched the boat go under waterD. stayed in the life-raft4. During th eir days at sea, ___________ saved their lives.A. tins of food and bottles of waterB. a fishing-line and a machineC. whales and sharksD. twenty passing ships5. When they saw the fishing boat which later picked them up, ____________.A. they were too excited to stand upB. they couldn’t wait to climb onto the boatC. their life-raft was beginning to break upD. they knew their two months at sea would be overFFrom a plane we can see the fields, cities, mountains or seas below. If we go into space, we see more and more of th e earth. People and man-made satellites have been sent out into space to look at the earth carefully and people have learnt more about the earth in the last few years.The sea looks very beautiful when the sun is shining on it. But it can be very terrible when there is a strong wind.The sea is very big. It nearly covers three quarters of the earth. The sea is also very deep in some places. There is one place and at that place the sea is about 11 kilometers deep. The highest mountain in the world is about 9 kilometers high. If that mountain was put into the sea at that place, there would be still 2 kilometers of water above it!In most parts of the sea, there are many kinds of fishes and plants. Some live near the top of the sea. Others live deep down. There are also a lot of small living things, and lots of fishes live by eating them.The sea can be very cold. When people go down, the sea becomes colder and colder.Only some men can go down into the deep sea. But, in 1970, five women scientists (科学家) lived in the deep sea for fourteen days.1. This passage is_________.A. a short storyB. for science readingC. a piece of newsD.a report2. The sea covers about _______of the earth.A One third B. One fourth C. Two quarters D.Three fourths3. _______are not mentioned (提及) in this passage.A. IslandsB. FishesC. PlantsD. Living things4. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The sea is usually beautiful when the sun is shining.B. The sea is always very terrible when the wind blows hard.C. The highest mountain is in the deepest place of the sea.D. The deeper the people go into the sea, the colder they will feel.5. The las t sentence “But, in 1970, five women scientists lived in the deep sea forfourteen days.” means that________.A. women wanted to live in the deep sea for a long timeB. women could go deeper into the sea than menC. women liked living in the deep sea better than menD. women could do the same work as men阅读理解参考答案A篇 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.AB篇 1.D 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.CC篇 1.D 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.BD篇 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.BE篇 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.DF篇 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D练习（一）完型专练阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
(通用版)初升高英语衔接-形容词和副词组合训练(有答案)
2021年初升高英语无忧衔接第二章语法知识衔接（有答案）1. 知识点讲义2. 配套练习3. 新高一组合训练专题二：形容词和副词讲义第一部分：形容词一、形容词的比较级和最高级1、比较的对象常用that和those来代替，The bikes in this shop are more expensive than those in that one.This is the most interesting book I have ever read.2、修饰比较级的副词有rather,much, even, still, a bit, a little, a lot, any, no等。
常被误用的有more, less ,very ,quite, fairly, greatly.The man got even more angry.The experiment will become much easier if it is done in this way.3、many more+ 名词和much more+名词都可以，区别在于后面的名词是可数还是不可数名词。
I bought many more books than I needed.They have much more rain here this year than they did last year .4、修饰最高级的词有by far, far, much, the very, of all.This is by far the most expensive car I have ever seen.The library is the highest building of all in the city.二、形容词的位置1、以a开头的形容词只能作表语，不能用在名词之前。
如：alone，awake，alive，asleep，afraid2、something，anything，nothing 定语后置Do you have something to eat?I have something important to tell you3、名词前有多个形容词，它们的位置比较复杂。
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第1讲二. 重、难点：（一）认识初、高中英语的区别即将开始的高中学习生活，特别是英语的学习是与初中阶段有着很大不同的：1. 课本编排上的区别：初中的每一个单元是分为4课的，每篇中有的是对话，有的是阅读文，也配有一些练习，而高中的每个单元并不分课，而是基本上按版块划分，大体为“Warming up”（热身），即是针对本单元的话题提出的一些问题，以练习口语的形式做引子，便于进入本单元的主题，然后为“listening”（听力）和“speaking”（说），这两部分都是旨在进一步提高我们的听、说能力，难度较初中有较大的提高，请同学们做好准备。
下个部分就是“Reading”了，高中的阅读文分为阅读前和阅读后的讨论、思考问题并加入了有关的语言知识的学习及练习，可以说在内容上是极大地丰富了。
除此之外还会有稍短的阅读，写作等方面的练习，即“Integrating skills”（综合训练）当然书后的workbook也与初中不同，内容更为丰富，练习也更多。
2. 在词汇上的区别：我们初中的教材已是新版本了，每个单元的单词可能大家觉得已经不少了，但高中教材中的词汇更是成倍甚至是成三倍地增加了，这也是新编教材的一个特点，加入了许多当前常用的，新出现的流行的词汇，也是与我们学的新编初中课本相承接的，所以，为了能尽快适应高中词汇的学习，我们应该及早着手把初中阶段的词汇再熟悉一遍。
另外，对于高中英语词汇的学习，大家还要知道其要求是远远高于初中的，在学习单词时，我们既要了解它在文中的意思，还要掌握它在练习中，考试中可能出现的所有意思，用法及搭配等。
3. 在所学语法上的区别：在初中阶段我们把基础的语法内容已经学习过了，而在高中我们要学习的是更深更高层次的语法。
如定语从句，非谓语动词、名词性从句，倒装结构、虚拟语气等等，其中的部分内容我们并不陌生，但是初中我们所接触的还只是皮毛，高中阶段的学习会比之前的所学内容复杂得多，所以我们要充分利用暑假把之前的漏洞弥补好，在后面的学习中，我们也会一起与大家重温这些知识并将之与高中内容做一对比，为大家步入高中学习打好基础。
4. 在课堂要求上的区别：大部分的初中对学生的要求还是比较严格的，而这种严格与小学又是不同的，所以有一部分自觉性差的学生就被分化出来，在稍微宽松的环境中，对自己要求降低导致了滑坡的出现，而升入高中后又会有新的变化，对于自律要求就更加明显了。
如果你是按照老师要求做的学生，那么在高中除了把基本要求做好之外，自己一定不可放松，适当增加课外阅读及一些课外习题是有必要的；如果你是不太自觉的学生，那么你要努力改掉自己的毛病，除了完成要求交给老师的作业，那些如读、背等要求也要认真完成才能使自己的高中英语学习逐步走上轨道。
不管你属于哪一种，都要持之以恒，千万不可因为任何原因而放松对自己的要求，即便是你已取得了一定成绩，也没有理由沾沾自喜。
5. 在考试评估制度上的区别：这一区别可能是影响最大的一点，我们许多同学初中英语一直较差的原因在很大程度上是由于初中这种不正常的考试制度，很多人认为英语不用下功夫学，反正最后背背答案就可过关，这样成绩不错，学得也很轻松。
一旦抱有这种想法，初中这个重要的打基础的阶段就被荒废过去了，这对我们升入高中后的英语学习是极为不利的，这就好比是建造没有基础的空中楼阁，肯定会感到很难，很吃力。
进入高中之后我们的考试是没有范围的，不能靠背答案过关，而且所学所考的内容应该都是向高考看齐的，难度肯定不小，但同学们也不要害怕，只要认真努力，坚持不懈，做好充分迎接失败的心理准备，然后在每次经历中吸取经验，一点点地弥补自己的不足，肯定会取得很好的成绩。
（二）基础语法再回顾——句子结构英语的句子结构组成是与汉语有着很大区别的，我们在学习的时候，很多同学受母语的影响太大，在英文写作时完全按照汉语的顺序将英文进行堆砌，这是因为我们对于英文句子的构成尚未掌握或掌握得不熟练，没有形成英语语言习惯。
规范的英文是由“主语+谓语+其他”。
这种基本形式构成的，这种只有一套主、谓的句子叫做简单句，它有5种基本形式，即主+谓（vi.）；主+系+表；主+谓（vt.）+宾；主+谓+宾+宾补；主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语。
由此可见，要想用英文正确表述一个意思，写成一句话，必须要有的就是主语和可以充当谓语的动词，而且当这个动词为不及物动词时，其后不可加宾语，当它是及物动词时，要根据要求和该词的用法在其后加上宾语或宾语及宾补或加上双宾语。
当然在这5种形式中系表结构也是很常用，很重要的一种，而且系表动词常容易和实义动词相混，从而导致了一些病句的出现。
综上所述，我们要想较好地掌握英文的句子结构必须弄清以下几点内容：1. 可以充当谓语的几种形式：既然谓语部分是构成句子的必要成份，那么掌握好它就起到了举足轻重的作用，谓语部分可由以下几种构成方式：（1）不及物动词可以单独充当谓语。
如：They arrived yesterday .（2）及物动词要加上宾语之后才可构成完整的结构，另外，如果不及物动词后加上了一定的介词，那么介词后也要有宾语才能完整。
如：They reached Tianjin yesterday .They arrived in Tianjin yesterday .他们昨天到达了天津。
（3）系表结构可以构成谓语。
如：She is a student . 她是个学生。
He felt very happy . 他感到很高兴。
（4）情态动词要加上动词原形后才可构成完整的谓语部分。
如：We should protect our environment . 我们应该保护环境。
那么，动词的哪些形式可构成谓语呢？①行为动词的原形：do②行为动词的第三人称单数：does③行为动词的过去式：did④be+行为动词-ing形式：be doing⑤be+行为动词的过去分词：be done⑥will+行为动词原词：will do⑦have / has / had+行为动词过去分词：have / has / had done⑧系表动词+表语2. 系表动词与行为动词的区别：系表动词是表示状态变化等的动词，它包括be动词及一些可充当系表动词的实义动词，其中后者在充当系表动词时含义与充分行为动词时是不同的。
系表动词后面接的是表语，而可以充当表语的是一些可以表示状态、特征、特性等内容的词或结构，如形容词、名词、介词短语一些副词、从句等等。
这里我们尤其要注意的就是可充当表语的一些副词指的是可以表征状态特点的副词，如：Class is over . 中的over表示的就是“结束了，完了”的这种状态。
而很多副词并没有这种功能，自然也就不可以充当表语，如happy和happily，前者为形容词可表示主语的状态，而后者是形容以何方式做的某事，是在修饰动作，而非表示状态，因而，前者可作表语，后者则不可充当表语。
行为动词则是指描述具体或抽象行为、动作的动词，它可分为及物动词和不及物动词两种，如果想修饰这样的动词，则需要像happily这样的副词或是有相似的功能的词或结构。
如：She went home happily . 她高兴地回家了。
He did it with great difficulty . 我费了很大劲才完成了这件事。
3. 要掌握准动词的性质、用法及搭配：在学习动词时，尤其是重点动词，我们一定要知道它是哪种动词，及物？不及物？可否充当系表动词？有的动词性质较多，可能同时具有多种性质，这就需要我们注意它在何时可充当哪种动词。
另外，对于动词的用法我们也要掌握，如每个动词后可带或常带什么结构，它有哪些习惯搭配，可构成什么词组等。
4. 在写简单句时的方法：我们要注意简单句的顺序一般应为主、谓、宾，而一些状语如时间、地点方式等等状语则要放到主要结构后面出现。
当然，有时为了强调或语言的表达需要，状语的位置会有所变化，但我们在写句子时一定要把握好以上原则，而不能按照汉语去逐个翻译。
如“我们骑车去上学。
”这个句子如果按照汉语习惯很可能会写成：We by bike go to school .或更有甚者可能还会写出类似这样的句子：We by bike to go to school .或We take a bike go to school . 等等错误的句子。
但如果我们按照英文习惯来写就不会出现以上错误了，主语We+谓语go to school+状语by bike也就是We go to school by bike .【模拟试题】词语辨析（一）1. — Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata ?— Yes , it really beautiful .A. feelsB. soundsC. listensD. hears2. The Internet it easy to get much new information in a short time .A. findsB. makesC. feelsD. takes3. — Oh , you painted the walls yourself ?—Yes . It was not hard . The whole work didn’t much .A. wantB. costC. spendD. pay4. Soon Wu Dong up with Li Lei , then they were neck and neck .A. taughtB. caughtC. boughtD. brought5. They will Guangzhou tonight .A. arriveB. getC. reachD. go6. — Do you still have a headache , Billy ?—No , it’s . I’m all right now , mum .A. droppedB. runC. leftD. gone7. It will about half an hour to get to the park by bus .A. spendB. costC. wantD. take8. I didn’t quite what the teacher said . Could you ask him to it again ?A. catch , speakB. hear , talkC. follow , explainD. listen , say9. — will you finish your homework ?— In half an hour .A. How longB. How soonC. How oftenD. What time10. They watched the game , and then they were invited to it .A. joinB. join inC. take partD. attend11. It’s going to rain . We’d better our things , so that they will not get wet .A. put upB. put downC. put awayD. put in12. — Where can we get a football ?—Let’s .A. lend Jim oneB. lend one to JimC. borrow one from JimD. borrow one of Jim13. When she was 22 years old , her dream to be a teacher .A. came trueB. come trueC. came realD. come real14. It’s that some foreign students will come to our school next week .A. sureB. rightC. realD. true15. We made several different plans for out holiday , but we went to Huangshan .A. at the endB. in the endC. by the endD. to the end16. He was looking very with himself , so I knew he had passed the examination .A. pleaseB. pleasingC. pleasedD. pleasant17. He had a strange way of making his class and interesting .A. liveB. livelyC. livingD. alive18. — When is he going to leave ?— next week .A. SometimeB. Some timeC. SometimesD. Some times19. What words can you talk about the picture ?20. Ted , the radio is too loud . Please .A. turn it overB. turn it onC. turn it backD. turn it down21. — Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008 ?—I don’t think so . Now the young the old can speak some English .A. either , orB. not only , but alsoC. neither , norD. both , or22. — Look ! The bus is coming .—But there are too many people . We can’t it .A. get offB. get downC. get onD. get up23. Again and again the doctor the crying girl , but he couldn’t find out what was wrong with her .A. looked overB. looked afterC. looked forD. looked out24. — Hello ! Can I speak to Alice , please ?— , please .A. Call onB. Go onC. Hold onD. Carry on词语辨析（二）1. Don’t the road when the light is red .A. acrossB. crossC. passD. past2. I’m thirsty . Please me something to drink .A. takeB. bringC. carryD. show3. If you to learn a foreign language well , you must practise it every day .A. likeB. loveC. wantD. think4. This digital camera is so expensive that I can’t it .A. carryB. useC. payD. afford5. I’m not t all enough to the book on the top of the shelf .A. feelB. takeC. arriveD. reach6. We are going to plant trees tomorrow . Would you like to us ?A. followB. shareC. joinD. enjoy7. I you a pleasant journey .A. wishB. hopeC. expectD. want8. What would you like to us about your hometown ?A. speakB. talkC. tellD. say9. Young people must learn to what is right and what is wrong .A. speakB. talkC. tellD. say10. Did you your pen-friend every month ?A. heard aboutB. hear fromC. heard ofD. hear to11. This is very difficult . I can’t work it out .A. mathB. physicsC. questionD. problem12. The young lady over there our new English teacher .A. mayB. maybeC. may beD. can be13. We should keep in the reading-room .A. quietB. quietlyC. quiteD. quickly14. There was a strange sound outside . Mary went out and around , but shenothing .A. looked , sawB. saw , sawC. watched , lookedD. looked , find15. Father is sleeping . Please the radio .16. It’s not polit e to others when they are in trouble .A. get on well withB. play games withC. laugh atD. wait for17. Jack always runs faster than Peter , but this time he him .A. went overB. fell behindC. put offD. dropped off18. More and more foreigners want to their companies in Dalian .A. clean upB. look upC. pick upD. open up19. — Can I use the expression in the text ?— No . It has . Nobody uses it today .A. given upB. broken downC. gone outD. got off20. I don’t know Sam’s telephone number . Will you please in your address book for me ?A. look up itB. look it upC. look for itD. look at it21. We could see nothing because the lights suddenly .A. went onB. went overC. went downD. went out22. Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to there are no mistakes .A. look forB. make sureC. find outD. think about23. Mrs. Green is out , I have to her baby at home .A. look atB. take outC. look forD. take care of24. They often help the farmers to the crops in autumn .A. get inB. get onC. get backD. get to词语辨析（三）1. Let’s him a message to meet us at the station .A. takeB. getC. leaveD. receive2. Never forget to “ Excuse me ” when you trouble somebody .A. sayB. speakC. tellD. talk3. The war another three years before it ended in 1864 .A. hadB. wentC. foughtD. lasted4. The girl’s team us in the football match .A. beatB. knockC. hitD. won5. He spoke so fast that I could not what he said .A. touchB. catchC. hearD. find6. We can what is happening on the other side of the world by telephone .A. learnB. hearC. seeD. understand7. This bus was built to less than 60 passengers .A. carryB. takeC. acceptD. keep8. The meeting room is large enough to fifty people .A. keepB. haveC. holdD. fill9. I got up late this morning , so I had a breakfast and hurried to school .A. fastB. quickC. rapidD. soon10. Many people were burnt to in the fire .A. dieB. deadC. deathD. dying11. She has been in Tianjin for ten years . Tianjin has become her second .A. familyB. houseC. homeD. room12. We Chinese have sent a spaceship into .A. spaceB. skyC. heavenD. universe13. Tom’s ill in hospital and his mother is him .A. looking forB. looking overC. looking atD. looking after14. China another spaceship , “ Shenzhou III ” into space in March from the Satellite Centre in China .A. put upB. put offC. sent upD. sent away15. The students in our class very well with each other .A. get inB. get upC. get onD. get to16. Tim felt too hungry when he got home . He quickly all the food on the table .A. ate upB. looked upC. took upD. ate out17. The ticket is on the floor . Could you please for me ?A. pick it upB. pick up itC. pick up themD. pick them up18. You may and then decide if you’ll buy it .A. try on itB. try out itC. try it onD. try it out19. —What’s wrong with your aunt , Bill ?—She’s very ill . A doctor must be .A. sent backB. sent upC. sent awayD. sent for20. The government will some new colleges for more students to receive higher education .A. set upB. set outC. put downD. put on21. “ Get a ladder , please . I can’t . ” Jim said in a tall tree .A. come backB. come outC. come downD. come over22. — Did Jack come for the meeting last night ?— No . He was so tired that he soon in his room .A. fell behindB. fell offC. fell asleepD. fell over23. If you don’t know a word , you must the word in a dictionary .A. look upB. look downC. look overD. look out24. Please the TV . I’d like to see the TV play .A. turn upB. turn onC. turn downD. turn off词语辨析（四）1. If you make a lot of , you may disturb others .A. noiseB. noisyC. voiceD. sound2. Dad told us a very interesting story , which made all of us .A. smileB. smilingC. laughD. laughing3. My father is ill . I stay at home and look after him .A. have toB. mustC. don’t have toD. mustn’t4. I’m sure our football team will the team from No. 3 Middle School .A. winB. beatC. loseD. fail5. It took her afternoon to check out information .A. the whole , the allB. the whole , all theC. whole , all theD. whole the , the all6. Could you please help me the children ?A. wearB. dressC. put onD. dress in7. The doctor will operate on him at once as soon as he the hospital .A. is sent toB. will be taken toC. leavesD. doesn’t return8. Jack , all the things on the desk .A. puts awayB. put awayC. puts onD. took away9. , you ng man ! If you’re late for work again , you’ll lose your job .。