短语动词

第七讲短语动词

概说：英语中的动词按其构成可分为单词动词(single-word verb)和短语动词(phrasal verb)。短语动词常常是两个词（一个动词+一个副词性小品）或两个以

上单词构成那个的动词。同一个动词后面可以有不同的副词性小品词，构成不同

意义的短语动词。

重点：短语动词的基本结构及其语态

难点：短语动词和动词短语的区别

内容：

一、短语动词的用法

短语动词用法普遍，尤其在非正式语言中：

我们可以说He awoke late the following morning .但这太正式了。

我们通常说He woke up late the following morning .

短语动词可表现为不同类型如下所示：

Here is a page from Mr Jones` diary :

Monday ,February 5th.

*有些短语动词不带宾语：

The car broke down .Cigarette prices are going up.

*多数主短语动词可以带宾语，宾语通常在副词性小品词的前或后：

动词+副词性小品词+宾语动词+宾语+副词性小品词

I rang up a garage. I rang a garage up.

如果宾语较长，则通常放在副词之后：

I filled in an application form.(不说I filled an application form in .)

如果宾语是代词，其结构通常如下：

动词+代词+副词性小品词

I put it down.(不说I put down it .)

*有些短语动词是由三个词构成的（动词+副词性小品词+介词），这样，宾语就只能放在介词后面：

I don’t get on with the people at work.

概括起来，这种动词主要有三种组合形式，具体分类如下：

1.动词+ 介词

I agree with (与......看法一致)you on that point.

Before long he took to (爱上)a girl student in his class.

2.动词+ 副词

I can't figure out (理解)why he said that.

Uncle Herman passed away (去世)many years ago.

3.动词+ 副词+ 介词

We don't go in for (喜欢)that kind of thing.

I couldn't put up with (忍受)the noise any longer.

在"动词+副词+介词"的组合中,短语动词只能看作是一个动词,绝对不能拆开.

另外,还需要注意的是,以上三类短语动词都是一些固定搭配,这些短语动词与某些非固定搭配是有区别的,试比较:

(1) The lights went out.

(2) He put on his coat and went out.

例(1)中的went out(熄灭)是由"动词+副词"构成的短语动词.例(2)中的went out(出去)不是短语动词,went 是动词,out是副词,作状语.

二．及物与不及物短语动词

由动词和副词构成的短语动词有的起及物动词的作用,有的起不及物动词的作用.短语动词是及物的还是不及物的主要取决于短语动词的意思.因为,一个短语动词可能具有两个或几

个不同的意思,用作某个或某几个意思时可能是及物的,用作别的意思时又可能是不及物的.例如:

He took off his coat when he entered the house and put it on again when he went out. (take off 是及物短语动词)

There is often a spectators' balcony at airports, where people can watch the planes taking off and landing. (take off是不及物短语动词)

1. 及物短语动词宾语的位置

①名词宾语通常位于这种短语动词之末.例如:

I am looking for my glasses.

②个别短语动词,其名词宾语必须放在动词和副词之间,不能放在短语动词之后.例如:

I am going to see the guests off at the airport this afternoon.

③对有些短语动词来说,名词宾语既可放在整个短语动词后面,也可放在动词和介词或副词之间.例如:

We'll have to put off the party. 或者We'll have to put the party off.

④代词宾语有时位于短语动词的词尾.例如:

I am looking into it.

⑤代词宾语更常紧跟在动词之后,代词宾语的这个位置常见于下列介词或副词之前:away, down, in, off, out, up.

2. 短语动词和动词短语的区别

短语动词（Phrasal Verb）和动词短语（Verbal Phrase）最好结合起来看

如何区别动词短语与短语动词? 这里有一个便捷的方法可以检验，即看在定语从句中可不可以拆开，可以拆开的是动词短语，不能拆开的便是短语动词。请看下面的例句：