动词和动词短语分类

动词和动词短语分类

[动词分类]

一、表示“使/让……”概念的动词

这类动词常见的有have,let,make,get,keep,drive,send,leave,force,

cause等.它们后边分别可跟不定式，分词，形容词、介词短语，名词等作宾语补足语。

例如：I felt sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long.对不起，让你久等了。

The victory sent our spirits rising.胜利使得我们情绪高涨。

二、不定式做宾补，不定式符号可以省略的动词

常见的有see,watch,hear,observe,feel,notice,listen to,look at等感官动词及表示使役概念的have,let,mak等。这类词在变为被动语态时，其后不定式符号to通常要补出。

例如：We are made to work far into the night.我们被迫干活到深夜。注：在这种结构中，watch，have,let一般不变为被动语态。如：The boy was watched to come out。(错误）

三、不定式作宾语补足语、其后内容省略而只保留不定式符号的动词。此类动词常见的有refuse,want,intend,oblige,mean,expect,tell,hope,like,love, plan, try, prefer,wish等。

例如:-----Why did you cause the baby cry?

------I didn't mean to.

四、引导宾语从句、虚拟预期的动词。这类动词在引导宾语从句时为should+动词原形，should可以省略，这类动词有order,demend,suggest,insist, require,advise,decide,propose等。

例如：He orderd that we should do it at once.

他要求我们立即完成这项工作。

He adviced we should do more speaking practising in order to improve our English.他建议我们要想提高英语水平应多练习说话。

五、形主动、意义被动的词。常见的有work,open,close,write,cut,

look,teach,operate,run,keep,burn,last等。此类词的主语常为“物”而不是“人”。而且还常与表示特征、状况、行为、方式的副词well,easily,long等连用。

例如：The clothing sells well.

This kind of fruit can keep long.

六、行为动词充当系动词。这类动词不能单独构成动词词组，其后须带有表语（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语，不定式，V-ing，V-ed）构成系表结构，常见的有feel, sound, taste, look, smell, seem, appear, become, turn, grow, make, go, run, keep, stay, prove等。

例如：It sounded like a train that was going under my house.

听起来，象有火车在楼下飞驰而过。

Keep fit,study hard and wok well.身体好，学习好，工作好。

七、只接名词作宾语的动词。此类动词常见的有: appreciate,advice, suggest, compete, finish,consider,enjoy,imagine,mind,miss,

practise,keep, delay,risk,excuse,resist,avoid,escape,admit,forgive,

permit,require,prevent,pardon,allow等。

例如：I appreciate her devoting herself to the cause of education.我非常钦佩她献身教育的精神。

Do you mind my asking a question?我问你一个问题你不介意吧？

八、既可接现在分词又可接过去分词作宾补的动词。此类动词常见的有：get,keep,have,leave,find,see,notice,hear等。

例如：The two cheats had the lightes burning all night long.

Yesterday XiaoMing had his hair cut,I hardly recognized him.

九、同一词语用作及物动词与不及物动词。此类动词的及物与不及物用法是有区别的，常见的有；work,wait/wait，for,lie/lay,raise/rise,

sit/seat,serve等。

例如：If you have any question to ask in class,you can raise your hands.课堂上有什么问题可以举手发问。

The sun rising,we started out.太阳升起来了，我们便开始上路。

十、构成固定短语的“短语动词”。此类动词在英语中数量较大。如；act as充当，believe in相信,come across遇见,deal with处理,engage in从事, lead to导致,refer to提到,send for派人前往,cut in插嘴die out灭绝,

rise up起义, set off出发,warm up暖和起来,make fun of取笑,

make friends with与……交朋友,set fire on点火,date back to追溯到,

get along with 与……相处,look forward to期望,run out of用光,

do away with废除.

例如：We must look into the matter immediately.

我们必须马上调查此事。

The old should learn form the young and keep up with.

老年人应向青年人学习，跟上时代发展的步伐。

[短语、词组归纳]

由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理：

一、动词+介词

1．look at…看…，look like … 看上去像……，look after …照料… 2．listen to…听……

3．welcome to…欢迎到……

4．say hello to …向……问好

5．speak to…对……说话