国际学术交流英语课文翻译共15页文档
国际学术交流英语人人整理
1我访问过一些地方，遇到过不少人，演谈起来，奇妙的事可多呢。
There are many wonderful stories to tell about the places I visited and the people I meet.2你们已经取得了进步，对此我毫不怀疑。
There has been no doubt in my mind of the progress which you have achieved.汉语：由先到后，由因到果，由假设到推论，先叙事后总结，符合汉语“末尾焦点”的语言习惯和“从众归一”的思维方式。
“循序渐进”英语：先表示个人感受、态度或是首先就事情本身做出评论，然后再叙述事情的来龙去脉。
“开门见山”这种小型热带鱼由于具有自行修复受损和患病的眼部细胞的独特功能，长期以来一直为科学家所关注。
The tiny tropical fish has long interested scientists because of its unique ability to repair damaged and diseased cells in its own eyes.一项技术突破使科学家得以第一次利用成年猴子培育出几十个克隆胚胎，从而开拓了以医疗为目的的高效克隆人类胚胎的前景。
The prospect of being able to clone human embryos efficiently for medical treatments has been raised by a technical breakthrough that has enabled scientists to make dozens of cloned embryos from adult monkeys for the first time.如蒙尽早回寄来样品或产品册，将不胜感激。
It would be appreciated if samples and/or brochure could be soon forwarded to us.如能尽早回复，我将非常感谢。
(完整word版)学术综合英语unit1-5课文翻译
Presenting a speech（做演讲）Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。
我们用语言language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself.传承文化。
事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。
[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality butalso helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events].和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。
——语序的调整。
Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately.好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。
学术英语(管理)课文翻译
UNIT1不断变化的商业世界的未来当面对着经济问题以及来自国内外公司的利益竞争情形，员工和经理不禁要问：我们现在该做什么？虽然这是理所当然的问题，但却难以回答。
当然，对于一个学习商业的大学生或开始刚刚开始职业生涯的员工，这个问题更是难以回答。
但仍然有机会给那些愿意去努力工作，继续学习直至拥有适应那些变化的能力。
在奥普拉温佛瑞的一段电视节目中，乔·达德利，世界最著名的黑人企业家之一，为所有想要在商业领域获得成功的人给出了之前的建议。
他的建议是我们关于自由企业制度内容的讨论的一个好引子。
令人惊讶的是，达德利是和他们的妻儿一起在厨房开始他们的制造业业务的，这新公司的雇员就是他们自己。
后来，他继续发展了自己的护发产品线，并开办了连锁美容学校和美容用品商店。
如今，达德利建立了一个数百万美元的帝国，并且已经是世界上最成功的少数族裔掌权的公司之一、达德利产品股份有限公司的总裁了。
他不仅仅是一位成功的企业家，还是“白手起家奖”的得主——一个颁发给面对逆境取得成功的杰出个人的奖项。
也许有人要说，乔是幸运的，或者说，他只是时势造英雄，事实上，他的成功在于他有一个梦想并为之努力。
如今，达德利想的是要看到大家成功——实现美国梦。
他将会成为第一个告诉你，你也有与他同样的机会。
达德利说，“成功是一场旅行而不是一个目的地”。
不论你是为了支付大学学费还是生活所迫而渴望获得一份兼职，你应该把它当做一份全职对待或者是创业，你必须让你看起来与众不同。
雇主和资本主义经济系统是越来越苛刻了。
问问你自己：如何做才能被录取？我掌握雇主需要的哪项技能？思考这两个问题，我们开始基本问题的讨论：为什么学习商务。
至少有四个基本的理由。
有利于选择职业未来，你想要做什么？在某些地方、某个时间、某些人可能已经问过你相同的问题。
像很多人一样，你可能觉得这是一个很难回答的问题。
通过学习商务，你将会得到很广泛的就医途径。
在私企，包括小的、当地的私人企业主拥有的公司到大型的，像美国运通公司和万豪国际集团那样的上市公司。
学术英语 课文翻译[精品文档]
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U8 A1 在过去的30年里，作为一个专业的大提琴演奏家，我花了相当于整整20年时间在路上执行和学习音乐传统和文化。
我的旅行使我相信在我们的全球化的世界中，文化传统来自于一个身份、社会稳定和富有同情心的互动的基本框架。
2 世界在快速改变，正如我们一定会创造不稳定的文化，让人质疑他们的地方。
全球化使我们服从于别人的规则，这往往会威胁到个人的身份。
这自然使我们紧张，因为这些规则要求我们改变传统习惯。
所以如今全球领导者的关键问题是：如何使习惯和文化发展到融入更大的行星，同时不必牺牲鲜明特色和个人的骄傲？3 我的音乐旅程提醒了我，全球化带来的相互作用不只是摧毁文化；他们能够创造新的文化，生机，传播存在已久的传统。
这不像生态“边缘效应”，它是用来描述两个不同的生态系统相遇发生了什么，例如，森林和草原。
在这个接口，那里是最小密度和生命形式的最大的多样性，每种生物都可以从这两个生态系统的核心作画。
有时最有趣的事情发生在边缘。
在交叉口可以显示意想不到的连接。
4 文化是一个由世界每个角落的礼物组成的织物。
发现世界的一种方式是例如通过深入挖掘其传统。
例如音乐方面，在任何的大提琴演奏家的曲目的核心是由巴赫大提琴组曲。
每个组件的核心是一个称为萨拉班德舞曲的舞蹈动作。
这种舞蹈起源于北非的柏柏尔人的音乐，它是一个缓慢的、性感的舞蹈。
它后来出现在西班牙，在那里被禁止，因为它被认为是下流的。
西班牙人把它带到了美洲，也去了法国，在那里成为一个优雅的舞蹈。
在1720年，巴赫公司的萨拉班德在他的大提琴组曲运动。
今天，我扮演巴赫，一个巴黎裔美国人的中国血统的音乐家。
所以谁真正拥有的萨拉班德？每一种文化都采用了音乐，使其具有特定的内涵，但每一种文化都必须共享所有权：它属于我们所有人。
5 1998年，我从丝绸之路发现在数千年来从地中海和太平洋许多文化间观念的流动。
当丝绸之路合奏团执行，我们试图把世界上大部分集中在一个阶段。
它的成员是一个名家的同等团体，大师的生活传统是欧洲、阿拉伯、阿塞拜疆、亚美尼亚、波斯、俄罗斯、中亚、印度、蒙古、中国、韩国或日本。
国际学术交流英语 英语
国际学术交流英语英语英文回答：International academic exchange is a crucial aspect of higher education that fosters collaboration, innovation, and the dissemination of knowledge across borders. It involves the exchange of students, scholars, and researchers between institutions in different countries, enriching educational experiences and advancing scientific research.One of the primary benefits of international academic exchange is the exposure to diverse perspectives and methodologies. Students and scholars learn from experts in their fields from different cultural backgrounds, broadening their intellectual horizons and fostering cross-cultural understanding. This diversity of perspectives stimulates creativity, innovation, and the generation of new ideas.International academic exchange also facilitates the transfer of knowledge and skills. Students and researchers gain access to specialized knowledge, cutting-edge research facilities, and advanced technologies through exchange programs. This exposure enhances their academiccapabilities and prepares them for careers in a globalized world.Furthermore, international academic exchange promotes collaboration and networking. Collaborative research projects between institutions in different countries foster interdisciplinary approaches, pooling resources and expertise to address complex global challenges. Networks established through exchange programs facilitate ongoing communication and knowledge sharing, sustaining collaboration beyond the exchange period.Cultural exchange is another significant aspect of international academic exchange. Students and scholars immersed in different cultures develop a deeper understanding of global perspectives, break down stereotypes, and foster empathy for diverse communities.This cultural exchange enriches their personal and professional lives, preparing them to thrive in an increasingly interconnected world.In conclusion, international academic exchange plays a vital role in advancing higher education and research. It promotes intellectual growth, facilitates knowledge transfer, fosters collaboration, and enhances cross-cultural understanding. By embracing international exchange, institutions create opportunities for students, scholars, and researchers to shape a more interconnected and knowledge-driven global community.中文回答：国际学术交流是高等教育中至关重要的一环，它促进了跨境合作、创新和知识传播。
国际学术交流英语第四单元
• Brief statement of the main points or problems and solutions taken or related work done
• Conclusion or Recommendation
• Concluding the s第p7e页e/c共h15b页y highlighting the topic,
• empower: v. give lawful power or authority to sb. to act • heed: v. pay attention to, take care of • rhetoric: n. elaborate language without meaning 华丽的
• Closing speech:
• Compliments • Introduce the next speaker •… • Close the meeting/session
第3页/共15页
Vocabular y
• HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus 艾滋病病毒
• exponentially: adv. growing or increasing very rapidly • tribute: n. action or statement or gift that is to show
admiration or respect
第4页/共15页
Sample Demonstration
第2页/共15页
Task 1. Chairing a Meeting
Procedures of chairing a meeting • Opening speech:
国际学术交流英语
三、国际学术交流英语1电子邮件交流惯用语1.1 Initiate a meeting●I would like to hold a meeting in the afternoon about our development planning for the project A.●I suggest we have a call tonight at 9:30pm (China Time) with you and Brown. Please let me know if the time is okay for you and Ben.●We'd like to have the meeting on Thu Oct 30 the same time.●Let's make a meeting next Monday at 5:30 PM Beijing time.●I want to talk to you over the phone regarding issues about report development and the XX project.1.2 Seeking for more information/feedbacks/suggestions●Shall you have any problem accessing the folders, please let me knows.●Thank you and look forward to having your opinion on the estimation and schedule.●Look forward to your feedbacks and suggestions soon.●What is your opinion on the schedule and next steps we proposed?●What do you think about this?●Feel free to give your comments.●Any question, please don't hesitate to let me know.●Any question, please let me know.●Please contact me if you have any questions.●Your comments and suggestions are welcome!●Please let me know what you think?●Do you have any idea about this?●It would be nice if you could provide a bit more information on the user's behavior.●At your convenience, I would really appreciate you looking into this matter/issue.1.3 Give feedback●Please see comments below.●My answers are in blue below.●I add some comments to the document for your reference.1.4 Attachment●I enclose the evaluation report for your reference.●Attached please find today's meeting notes.●Attach is the design document, please review it.●For other issues related to individual features, please see attached release notes.1.5 Point listing●Today we would like to finish following tasks by the end of today: 1…….2…….●Some issues in this release: 1…….2…….●Our team here reviewed the newest SCM policy and has following concerns: 1... .2...●Here are some more questions/issues for your team: 1…….2…….●The current status is as following: 1……2……●Some items need your attention: 1…….2…….1.6 Raise question●I have some questions about the report ABC●For the aggrement ABC, I have the following questions: …1.7 Proposal●For the next step of platform implementation, I am proposing…●I suggest we can have a weekly project meeting over the phone call●Achievo team suggest to adopt option A to solve outstanding issue……1.8 Thanks note●Thank you so much for the cooperation!●I really appreciate the effort you all made for this sudden and tight project.●Thanks for your attention!●Your kind assistance on this are very appreciated.●Really appreciate your help!1.9 Apology●I sincerely apologize for this misunderstanding!●I apologize for the late asking but we want to make sure the correctness ofour implementation ASAP.2求职信及简历2.1 求职信（Cover Letter）A cover letter isn't ever going to win you a job by itself, but a badly worded letter is going to cause doubts in the employers mind right from the start.A good cover letter explains why you, over all the other candidates, are worth taking the time to find out more about.2.1.1 格式2.1.2 常见错误（1）Using the Wrong Cover Letter FormatThe student's cover letter looked more like a cut-and-paste email than a business letter. It had no recipient information, no return address and no date. The letter screamed unprofessional.Be sure your cover letter uses a standard business-letter format. It should include the date, the recipient's mailing address and your address.（2）Making It All About YouYour cover letter, like your resume, should be about the employer as much as it's about you. Yes, you need to tell the employer about yourself, but do so in the context of the employer's needs and the specified job requirements.（3）Not Proofing for Typos and Grammatical ErrorsEmployers tend to view typos and grammatical errors as evidence of your carelessness and inability to write. Proofread every letter you send. Get additional cover letter help by asking a friend who knows good writing double-check your letter for you.（4）Making Unsupported ClaimsToo many cover letters from college students and recent grads say the applicant has "strong written and verbal communication skills." Without evidence, it's an empty boast. Give some examples for each claim you make. Employers need proof.（5）Writing a NovelA good cover letter should be no longer than one page. Employers are drunk with resumes and cover letters, and their time is scarce. Make sure your cover letter has three or four concise but convincing paragraphs that are easy to read. If your competitor's letter rambles on for two pages, guess which candidate the employer will prefer.（6）Using the Same Cover Letter for Every Job and CompanyEmployers see so many cover letters that it's easy for them to tell when you're using a one-size-fits-all approach. If you haven't addressed their company's specific concerns, they'll conclude you don't care about this particular job.It's time-consuming but worthwhile to customize each cover letter for the specific job and company.（7）Not Sending a Real Cover LetterSome job seekers -- college students, recent grads and even those with years of work experience -- don't bother sending a cover letter with their resume. Others type up a one or two-sentence "here's my resume" cover letter, while others attach handwritten letters or sticky notes.There is no gray area here: You must include a well-written, neatly formatted cover letter with every resume you send. If you don't, you won't be considered for the job.2.2个人简历（RÉSUMÉ）2.2.1 Contact（1）Full name（2）Home Address（3）Phone（office，home，cell）and fax（4）Personal e-mail address2.2.2 Career Summary/Objective（1）SummaryA career summary provides a brief, focused overview of your work history. It tells the employer what your specialty is as an employee, and serves as an introduction to the rest of your resume. Here is an example based on someone who has been working as a Customer Service Representative for the past couple of years:Notice that a career summary is often written in paragraph form, with up to four or five sentences. It can be used in all resumes regardless of how much, or how little, work experience you actually have.（2）ObjectiveWhat if you’re fairly new to the workforce and don’t have much to put in your career summary. Or how about if you’re se nding out a mass e-mail (or snail mail) to all sorts of employers without knowing if they’re hiring or not, but you want them to know what kind of job you’d be most interested in.That’s when stating your career objective comes in handy. It quickly tells e mployers which type of role they should keep you in mind for. Just like in the following example:You can see that a career objective is short and sweet, with just a sentence or two that describes the kind of job (and industry, if you want to be more specific) you’d prefer to be hired for.It’s possible to add those one or two sentence s from your career objective directly to the end part of your career summary if you’re looking to save space. However this makes the career summary longer and your career objective may get overlooked.（3）Summary or Objective?A concise career summary should appear near the top of your resume no matter if you have decades of work experience or are a recent grad. Other terms you can use as a header are “Professional Summary,” “Summary of Experience,” or even “About Me.”The career objective is helpful if you’re not applying to a specific job posting, but instead are sending out unsolicited applications to potential employers. It can be featuredunder its own header, or if you’re including it at the end of your summary, you could use the header “Career Summary and Employment Objective.”Whether you use a summary, objective, or some combination of both, you are helping employers get a quick feel for who you are and what kind of work you’d be best at. So take a few moments to write your own and get it into your resume!2.2.3 Major Achievements针对招聘方向的相关业绩2.2.4 Working Experience注意时间顺序，是由近到远2.2.5 Professional Training针对招聘方向的相关培训2.2.6 Qualifications毕业论文、资格考试证书等2.2.7 Related Skill语言、软件、编程、业余爱好等等2.2.8 Publications正规杂志、刊物上发表的论文，要列出论文及刊物名称、刊号、时间等信息3学术论文的撰写3.1科技论文的基本特征（1）原始研究结果的首次披露（内容的原创性）；（2）对前人工作的评价深入透彻，本文成果表述文笔流畅（可读性）；（3）方法独特，或得到独特发现，或有新的应用（成果的新颖性）；（4）必须使同行们能够重复实验，以审查作者的结论（方法的科学性）3.2如何选题3.2.1课题要与国际接轨想在国际核心期刊发表文献，就必须了解国际研究动态，选择与国际学术研究合拍的课题。
国际学术交流英语课文翻译
Incorrect gender perceptions are also embedded in most public policies. That governments transfer land almost solely to men, has much to do with perception about, rather than the universal fact of, male responsibility and female dependency. Men are often seen as primary bread winners and women at best as helpers.
译文：社会准则严格地限制妇女的经济选择权，通过 阻止女性继承财产的索求或阻止她们从事工作，限定 她们执行工作的范围，规定照顾孩子是她们的责任， 限制她们的流动性等等。因此，性别歧视在社会准则 和社会观念中已根深蒂固，那么这些变化是如何发生 的呢？ 词汇： mobility [moʊˈbɪləti] n. 流动性；移动性；
deserve. That is the inequality about gender-biased
social perceptions and social norms.
译文：这个会议讨论的（内容）很广泛我将专注于
性别歧视的一个方面（的议题），它集中影响着数以 百万计的女性工人，但也许未能得到应有的重视。这 个性别的歧视是由社会观念和社会准则的偏见所造成 的。
译文：同样的性别歧视也存在于许许多多的社会保障体 系之中。例如，具有代表性的，在印度的寡妇只要她们 有一个成年的儿子，有时甚至是只要有成年的男性亲属， 即使再贫困也没有获得养老金的权利。在实践中，关于 男性主义的假设往往被证明是错误的。
国际学术交流英语
03
Sample 1
Application Letter for a Working Group
(Letterhead) January 22,2002
purpose of the letter
Dr. Melba Ripley The School of Architecture University of Louisiana 100 Webber Hall Baton Rouge,LA 70814
Application Letter for a WorkinБайду номын сангаас Group
(Continued from the previous page) During the past three years, I have been an assistant to Dr. Graham Benson who has shared the rostrum with you at many academic and global conferences on housing. Together we, along with a group of students, have spent the past two summers showing people in South Central Africa how to mix a specially prepared binder developed by our research lab with local materials to make durable homes in a matter of days. I would truly like to have the opportunity to do research work in your group so as to learn state-of-the-art' technology in housing-building materials. I would greatly appreciate it if you could send me more information about application at your earliest convenience
国际学术交流英语课文翻译(课堂PPT)
unwaged work which is less "visible" in physical
and monetary than wage work outside the home.
译文：在家庭内，（这种观念）影响着家庭内部
的分配。如，一个人该得到什么通常是由他的
贡献或者需要来确定的。我们都知道，女性的贡
词汇：unambiguously [ˌʌnæm‘bɪɡjʊrslɪ] adv. 明确地，毫不
含糊地。 ILO 国际劳动组织
2
I have also had a longstanding formal association with the ILO. Many of my early pieces on women and technological change and on land rights were published by the ILO, as well as was the work of many other scholars. It is therefore a pleasure for me to be here on this important symposium.
译文：社会准则如同意识形态一样充斥在我们生活的 每一个领域。在南亚，他们明确了合法的财产索求者。 规定了室内外工作各个方面劳工的性别区分，甚至还 规定女性是否应该外出工作，例如，女性隔离标准。 词汇：seclusion [sɪˈkluʒən] n. 隔绝，隔离，隐居
11
Social norms can thus severely restrict women's economic options by discouraging them from claiming their inheritance or from taking up jobs, limiting the range of tasks they may perform, defining child care as their duty, restricting their mobility, and so on. Therefore, gender inequality is embedded in social norms and perceptions. Then, how can change be brought about?
国际交流英语视听说4U4听力原文及翻译
country first. In fact, even though the people love him, he gave away most of his power to the
whichisaphrasethatreferstothedollarvalueofallthegoodsandservicesproducedbya
country
overaperiodoftime.It’sonewayofmeasuringacountry’ssuccess.ButGrossNational
Happiness is different. Actually, one of our kings invented the phrase Gross National Happiness.
It’s the approach the country takes to the domestic development of Bhutan—to help make sure
Happiness is different. Actually, one of our kings invented the phrase Gross National Happiness.
It’s the approach
the country takes to the domestic development of Bhutan—to help make sure that the people
isolated from the world, partly due to its geography—it’s surrounded by high mountains—but
Unit1 Presenting a Speech 课文翻译
Unit1 Presenting a Speech A课文翻译（学术综合英语教材(研究生课程）P8）如何发表演说在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。
通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。
确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。
和流行的信仰不同的是:语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。
优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。
语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具-样，语言也有特殊的功用。
作为-一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。
如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。
在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。
碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。
当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己:“我究竟想说些什么?我究竟想表达什么样的意思?”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。
如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。
鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解;演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语;并且千万不要乱堆砌词藻，哗众取宠。
准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。
有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或者创造语言图示。
通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。
明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的:它们总是包含“....一样"或者“如....一样”这样的连词。
暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有-些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“...... -样”或者“如...一样"这样的连词。
另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。
有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感:排比、重复、头韵和对比。
学术英语课文翻译
Unit 1When faced with both economic problems and increasing competition not only from firms in the united states but also from international firms located in other parts of the world, employee and managers now began to ask the question：what do we do now although this is a fair question, it is difficult to answer. Certainly, for a college student taking business courses or be beginning employee just staring a career, the question is even more difficult to answer. And yet there are still opportunities out there d=for people who are willing to work hard, continue to learn, and possess the ability to adapt to change.当面对不仅来自美国的公司而且来自位于世界其他地方的国际公司的经济问题和日益激烈的竞争时，员工和经理现在开始要问一个问题：我们要做什么虽然这是一个很清晰的问题，但是它是很难回答的。
当然，对于一个正在谈论商务课程的大学生或者一个刚开始职业生涯的员工来说，这个问题更难回答。
但目前仍然有许多机会给那些愿意努力工作，继续学习并且拥有适应变化的能力的人。
Whether you want to obtain part-time employment to pay college and living expense, begin your career as a full –time employee, or start a business, you must bring something to the table that makes you different from the next person . Employee and our capitalistic economic systems are more demanding than ever before. Ask yourself: What can I do that will make employee want to pay me a salary What skills do I have that employers need With these questions in mind, we begin with another basic question: Why study businessThere are at least four quite compelling reasons.无论你想获得可以用来支付大学和生活开销的兼职，作为一个全职员工开始你的职业生涯，或者创业，你都应该拿出可以让你不同于其他人的东西。
国际交流英语视听说4 (全网唯一)听力原文及翻译Word 考试必备
Unit2Listening 1Tour Guide: OK, everyone, here’s our next exhibit. Do you see the body of the little bird in that bottle? That is a dusky seaside sparrow. It was an old male that died on June 16, 1987. It’s kind of sad because he was the very last dusky seaside sparrow in the world. They’re now extinct. Yes, you have a question?Male: Do you know why they became extinct?Tour Guide: Basically, they lost their habitat. See, the dusky seaside sparrow lived only in one place—on Merritt Island in Florida. The island had a lot of mosquitoes and wetlands. The people on Merritt Island used chemicals to kill the mosquitoes.Tour Guide: Those chemicals were also very harmful to the sparrows, and many died. In addition, the people on Merritt Island tried to control and exploit the wetlands. As they altered them, the wetlands were no longer a good habitat for the sparrows. The birds died one by one until there weren’t any left.Female: So, if people were to blame, can’t we make sure something like that never happens again?Tour Guide: We’re trying. The situation with the dusky seaside sparrow makes one thing very clear. We need to protect endangered animals. However, it’s a better strategy to protect the animals andtheir habitats, too. After all, if an animal’s habitat is destroyed, the animal will likely become extinct.Tour Guide: We’re trying. The situation with the dusky seaside sparrow makes one thing very clear. We need to protect endangered animals. However, it’s a better strategy to protect the animals andtheir habitats, too. After all, if an animal’s habitat is destroyed, the animal will likely become extinct. That’s why the Endangered Species Act, which was passed in the United States in 1973, protects both endangered animals and their habitats. For example, the steelhead trout lives in rivers and streams on the west coast of the United States—the Columbia River in Washington state for instance. Recently, both the fish and the river came under the protection of the Endangered Species Act.Male: But how can we protect large areas such as rivers and forests? No one—not even the government—can afford to buy or control all the land that endangered species live on.Tour Guide: Good point. In fact, that’s what makes the Endangered Species Act difficult to fully enforce. There’s an ongoing conflict between some landowners and the government. Take the case of the gray wolf, for instance. At one time, the wolves were common all over North America, but by the 1930s they were nearly all killed. Then in 1973, the wolves came under the protection of the Endangered Species Act, along with huge areas of land—in Wyoming and Idaho, for example. This angered ranchers. They think they should have the right to shoot wolves that threaten their sheep and cows.Tour Guide: So, landowners may understand the need for the protection of endangered species, but it’s understandable that they might also feel that the Endangered Species Act violates their rights. Yes?Female: Is the law working? I mean, what is the status of endangered species today in the United States?Tour Guide: Unfortunately, the situation of threatened and endangered animals is worse now than in 1973, even with the Endangered Species Act in place. Reports on topics such as habitat loss, deforestation, and overfishing show that the situation for many species is far worse now than it was in 1973. Let me be more specific. Right now over 1,300 species in the United States are listed as endangered or threatened.Tour Guide: And, it’s important to keep in mind that not many species are ever taken off the list. Since 1973, in fact, only around 39 species have been removed from the Endangered Species list. But that number doesn’t indicate the complete story. What’s significant about that number is that only 14 species were removed because they had actually recovered. Nine species became extinct, and the others were removed from the list after scientists found evidence that listing the species had been a mistake in the first place. Meanwhile, another 300 species may soon be added to the list, including a plant, the Las Vegas buckwheat, and an insect, the Miami blue butterfly. So, you see, even with the Endangered Species Act in place, we’re not making as much progress as we would like. Any more questions? OK, let’s move on to the next exhibit. This way, please.导游：好，大家好，这里是我们的下一个展览。
国际学术交流英语邀请函Lettersofinvitation课文翻译讲课文档
7.The signature
The handwriting signature is placed between the complimentary close and the typed name , including the write’s position or status in the organization.
第十三页，共18页。
Complimentary close The signature
第十四页，共18页。
Tips
Invitation letters to Participants. Invitation Letters to Keynote Speakers.
1. Formal
1.Include:
• Full date .
• Day (cardinal or ordinal number , eg. 3rd/3) • Month (write in words , eg. March ) • Year (write in full , eg.2015)
第六页，共18页。
3. Inside address
• Eg.
The salutation
British:
Americans:
Dear prof. Smith,
Dear Mr. Stein,
Dear prof. Smith: Dear Mr. Stein:
第八页，共18页。
5.The body
Content
• Time & venue of the conference.
8.Enclosure(s) (if any)
This can be used to remind the recipient of the additional material(s) put in the invitation letter , such as a agenda of a conference .
学术综合英语1-5课课文及翻译
Presenting a speech（做演讲）Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Throughlanguage we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself. Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events].在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。
我们用语言来分享经验，传递价值观，交流思想，传播知识，传承文化。
事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。
和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。
——语序的调整。
Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately.好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。
学术英语(管理)课文翻译
Unit 1When faced with both economic problems and increasing competition not only from firms in the united states but also from international firms located in other parts of the world, employee and managers now began to ask the question：what do we do now? although this is a fair question, it is difficult to answer. Certainly, for a college student taking business courses or be beginning employee just staring a career, the question is even more difficult to answer. And yet there are still opportunities out there d=for people who are willing to work hard, continue to learn, and possess the ability to adapt to change.当面对不仅来自美国的公司而且来自位于世界其他地方的国际公司的经济问题和日益剧烈的竞争时，员工和经理现在开场要问一个问题：我们要做什么？虽然这是一个很清晰的问题，但是它是很难答复的。
当然，对于一个正在谈论商务课程的大学生或者一个刚开场职业生涯的员工来说，这个问题更难答复。
但目前仍然有许多时机给那些愿意努力工作，继续学习并且拥有适应变化的能力的人。
Whether you want to obtain part-time employment to pay college and living expense, begin your career as a full –time employee, or start a business, you must bring something to the table that makes you different from the next person . Employee and our capitalistic economic systems are more demanding than ever before. Ask yourself: What can I do that will make employee want to pay me a salary? What skills do I have that employers need? With these questions in mind, we begin with another basic question:Why study business?There are at least four quite compelling reasons.无论你想获得可以用来支付大学和生活开销的兼职，作为一个全职员工开场你的职业生涯，或者创业，你都应该拿出可以让你不同于其他人的东西。
《学术交流英语教程》汉译英
P1951、我是X大学外国语学院副教授。
近日从网上得知，“第五届国际跨文化交流研讨会”将于2004年3月在牛津大学举办。
我对参加这次会议非常感兴趣，因为我以从事这方面研究多年。
I’m an associate professor in the foreign language college of X university. In recent, I learned from the website that “the 5th international inter-culture communication seminar” will be held in March 2004 in Oxford . I’m very much interested in attending this conference because I have been studying in this field for many years.2、我从会议的第一轮通知上得知，将于明年在哈佛举行的“IEA2004”的会议主题是网络与教育的关系问题，这正是我近几年来的研究兴趣所在。
I learned from the first round notice that the theme of “IEA2004”conference that will be held in Harvard next year is about the relationship between network and education, which is just a focus of my research in recent years.3、请您把我的个人资料收入会议的数据库并把我的地址列入“通迅名录”。
希望能及时收到所有关于这一会议的进一步信息。
Please put my personal information into the database of conference and include my address in “address list”. I’m looking forward to receiving any further information in relation to this conference in time.4、我已接到论文被采用的通知和出席会议的正式邀请，并已于2月20日在网上正式注册参加会议，但至今尚未得到任何会议资料。
国际交流英语视听说4 U5 听力原文及翻译
U 5 Listening 1Dave Martin: Hello and welcome to Money Matters. I’m your host, Dave Martin. Tonight we’re very lucky to have Dr. Regina Simmons of the Simmons Institute here with us to talk about money and happiness. As usual, we’ll be taking calls from you, the listeners. If you have a question for Dr. Simmons, please call in. Good evening, Dr. Simmons.Dr. Simmons: Good evening, Dave. It’s great to be here.Dave Martin: The pleasure’s ours. Dr. Simmons, let me start by asking you this question: What’s the relationship between money and happiness?Dr. Simmons: Well, Dave, a recent study by psychologist Elizabeth Dunn at the University of British Columbia seems to show that—for most of us—what makes us happy is giving money away, not spending it on ourselves. That’s what Dunn said in a recent interview with National Geographic.Dave Martin: Really? How did she discover that?Dr. Simmons: Well, it was when Dr. Dunn started making more money—uh, when she got a job as a professor. She started to get interested in whether money could buy happiness or not. She wanted to use the extra money she was making in ways that would bring her happiness.Dr. Simmons: As a scientist, she looked for studies and research on the subject of money and its relationship to happiness. To her surprise, very little information on the subject existed. So Dr. Dunn decided to do some scientific research to see if people might get more happiness from using their money to help other people, rather than themselves.Dave Martin: Uh-huh. And how did she research this topic?Dr. Simmons: That’s a good question. Let me give you an example. In one of her first studies, Dr. Dunn and her fellow researchers gave a group of people a small amount of money in the morning. They asked some of the people to spend it on other people, and some to spend it on themselves. Dr. Simmons: At the end of the day, the researchers interviewed everyone. The researchers discovered that the people who spent the money on other people were happier than those who had spent it on themselves. Since then, Dr. Dunn has completed a lot of other research on money and happiness.Dave Martin: Has she? Oh, excuse me, but I think we have our first caller. Hello, you’re on the air. Caller 1: Uh, hello, I wanted to know what are some of the mistakes people might make if they try to buy happiness with money.Dave Martin: Thank you, caller. Dr. Simmons?Dr. Simmons: Yes, well, one very common error is to make a major purchase such as a big house that you can’t really afford. Many people simply assume that owning an expensive item—a home or a car—will make them happy. But, you know, buying a home is a big financial commitment, and in fact people often go deep into debt to buy one. Actually, there are no statistics to prove that owning a home makes people happy.Dave Martin: I see. Are there other studies relating money and happiness?Dr. Simmons: Oh, sure. Another interesting study was recently done by researchers Leaf Van Boven and Tom Gilovich. They looked at the value of spending money on experiences. People can buy items such as cars, houses, clothes, and DVDs. But experiences are different from other items that people purchase. For example, vacations, concerts, or language lessons are experiences. So, anyway, these scientists used surveys to ask people how they felt about the items they boughtcompared to the experiences they bought. Well, the researchers discovered that money spent on experiences made people happier than money spent on items. The reason for this is probably because experiences are more meaningful to a person, and they contribute more to successful social relationships.Dave Martin: Interesting! Oh, we have another caller on the line. Go ahead, caller.Caller 2: Hello. My question is how much money do you need to be happy.Dave Martin: How about that, Dr. Simmons? How much money do we need?Dr. Simmons: Well, OK, obviously that’s not an easy question to answer. People like to say that “the best things in life are free”, which implies that money doesn’t matter to happiness. And we all know that’s not true. Money is definitely not the most important component of happiness, but at the same time, having no money can definitely affect happiness.Dr. Simmons: There was a very interesting study recently done by an economist, Angus Deaton, and a psychologist named Daniel Kahneman. They wanted to know whether more money means more happiness. They analyzed surveys written by thousands of people. Their research demonstrated some very interesting things about money. Once a person earns more than $75,000 a year, making more money ceases to significantly change one’s level of happiness. Dave Martin: So, in other words, after a person earns more than $75,000 a year, more money doesn’t have a big effect on your everyday happiness.Dr. Simmons: Exactly. The thing that’s important to remember is this: It’s not about how much money you have. When it comes to money, it’s what you do with the money that can promote your happiness—especially if you use it to help others and to have your own enjoyable experiences.Dave Martin: Thank you very much, Dr. Simmons. We’re going to pause now for a short commercial break.戴夫·马丁:大家好,欢迎来到钱很重要。