各区县指导培训脊髓灰质炎诊疗与鉴别

Large-scale vaccination rounds help
• One in 200 infections leads to irreversible paralysis (usually in the legs).
• Among those paralysed, 5% to 10% die when their breathing muscles become immobilized.
• Since that time, polio case numbers have decreased by more than 99%
three countries never stopped transmission of polio
• Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan
• It is supported by key partners including the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
• Underpinning the effort is a global network of more than 20 million volunteers worldwide who have collectively immunized more than 2.5 billion children over the past 20 years.
疾病之一
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握 有 手 杖
脊 髓 灰 质 炎 式 脚 残 的 牧 师
埃及石碑 （1403-1365 BC）
脊髓灰质炎概述
• 1789年，英国内科医生Michael Underwood首次描述临床特征 • 1952年是迄今为止疫情最严重的一年，美国报告的病例为57628例 • 1953年人类在应对脊髓灰质炎上取得重大突破，美国微生物学家
polio can be completely eradicated
• There are three strains of wild poliovirus, none of which can survive for long periods outside of the human body
• If the virus cannot find an unvaccinated person to infect, it will die out
炎病例
Polio continues to paralyse children
• While polio is a distant memory in most of the world, the disease still exists in some places and mainly affects children under five.
• OPV is an oral vaccine, it can be administered by anyone, even volunteers
• One dose of OPV can cost as little as 11 US cents.
global effort to eradicate polio is the largest
• They face a range of challenges such as insecurity, weak health systems and poor sanitation.
• Polio can spread from these 'endemic' countries to infect children in other countries with less-thanadequate vaccination.
• Type 2 wild poliovirus was eradicated in 1999.
cheap and effective vaccines available
• OPV-oral polio vaccine (1960- Albert Sabin)
• IPV-inactivated polio vaccine (1953- Jonas Salk)
Jonas Salk研发第一个有效的脊髓灰质炎疫苗（IPV） • 1960年Albert Sabin发明口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV） • 1988年世界卫生大会决定到2000年根除该病。 • WHO先后于1998年、2000年、2002年确认泛美地区、西太平洋地区（
包括中国）、欧洲已经根除脊髓灰质炎 • 2012阿富汗、尼日利亚、巴基斯坦三个国家仍有官方报道脊髓灰质
public-private partnership for public health
• the largest-ever internationallycoordinated public health effort in history
• spearheaded by national governments, WHO, Rotary International, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and UNICEF
We are 99% of the way to eradicating polio globally！
• In 1988, when the Global Polio Eradication Initiative was formed, polio paralysed more than 350 000 people a year
•各区县指导培训脊髓灰质炎 诊疗与鉴别
1
Biblioteka Baidu
脊髓灰质炎概述
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急性弛缓性麻痹监测
3
脊髓灰质炎临床特点
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急性弛缓性麻痹鉴别诊断
脊髓灰质炎(poliomyelitis)
• 脊髓灰质炎（简称脊灰，俗称小儿麻痹） • 是由脊灰病毒引起的急性消化道传染病 • 病毒主要侵犯脊髓灰质前角细胞的运动神经元 • 部分病人留有永久的肢体瘫痪后遗症，是致残的主要