(全新整理)1月全国自考语言与文化试题及答案解析
1月全国自考语言学概论试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试语言学概论试题课程代码：00541一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题1分，共26分)1.关于语言与言语的关系，下列说法中不正确的一项是( )。
A.用文字记录下来的就是语言，用声音说出来的就是言语B.语言具有内在的一致的规律，而言语则不同，很难找到一致的规律C.语言是言语活动中社会成员约定俗成的共同使用的部分，是均质的D.言语具有个人特点，因此不同于社会约定俗成的“语言”2.最早的比较全面系统地阐述“语言”一般理论的著作通常认为是德国学者( )的《论人类语言结构的差异及其对人类精神发展的影响》。
A.黑格尔B.康德C.洪堡特D.歌德3.元音音质的差别主要是由下列( )决定的。
A.发音体B.共鸣腔的不同形状C.发音源D.发音部位4.下列各组辅音中都是双唇音的一组是( )。
A.［ｐ］［ｐ‘］B.［ｐ］［ｆ］C.［ｐ］［ｎ］D.［ｂ］［ｋ］5.语音的本质属性是( )。
A.物理属性B.生理属性C.心理属性D.社会属性6.北京人把“分配”［f n55p‘ei51］说成［f m55p‘ei51］，这种语音变化形象是( )。
A.同化B.异化C.弱化D.脱落7.下列四组合成词中，( )含有不成词语素。
A.火车B.热爱C.心疼D.端详8.一般说来，前缀在构词中通常( )。
A.只改变词的具体意义、不改变词的词类B.只改变词的抽象意义、不改变词的词类C.只改变词的词类、不改变词的具体意义D.只改变词的词类、不改变词的抽象意义19.“一张上海”这句话表面上看起来是词语搭配不当，其实是“买一张去上海的车票”这句话在特定场所(售票处)对话省略。
这种现象说明了( )。
A.语境对语法的作用B.修辞对语法的作用C.语汇对语法的作用D.语音对语法的作用10.“学习外语”和“政治学习”中的“学习”是( )。
A.边缘类的词B.兼类词C.同音词D.词性完全相同的词11.义素分析的基本方法是( )。
(全新整理)1月全国自考幼儿文学试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试幼儿文学试题课程代码：00386一、单项选择题(本大题共40小题。
每小题1分，共40分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要的。
请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未均无分。
1．为3～6岁儿童服务的幼儿文学特别注重（）A．科学性和知识性B．简约性和逻辑性C．教育性和系统性D．趣味性和娱乐性2．儿童文学的文体分类一般是在诗歌、小说、散文、戏剧的基础上增加了（）A．儿歌、童话、寓言、故事四种文体B．儿歌、童话、故事、小说、小品五种文体c．儿歌、童话、寓言、故事、科学文艺五种文体D．儿歌、童话、故事三种文体3．幼儿想象的特点是（）A．创造性想象为主B．想象主要依靠词语进行C．无意想象为主D．想象的内容不容易变化4．幼儿期儿童的意识处于（）A．“自我中心”状态B．“自由主义”状态C．“确证和发现”的状态D．“精神超越”的状态5．在中国文学史上受到历代儿童喜欢的是（）A．《水浒传》B．《封神演义》C．《聊斋志异》D．《西游记》6．葛翠琳的童话《野葡萄》的特点是（）A．着重表现复杂的情节B．着重表现儿童的快乐C．着重表现自然的奇妙D．着重表现美的心灵和美的事物7．快乐是幼儿文学的重要品质，下面童话中“纯娱乐”的作品是（）A．《海的女儿》B．《大林和小林》1C．《稻草人》D．《古里和古拉》8．下列句子中哪一句适宜作为幼儿文学用语（）A．山路崎岖不平B．山路凹凸不平C．山路高低不平D．山路坎坷不平9．在民间童话中，成为普遍的重复结构是（）A．一次重复B．二次重复C．三次重复D．四次重复10．英国作家米尔恩的作品是（）A．《鹅妈妈的故事》B．《列那狐的故事》C．《小熊温尼·菩》D．《木偶奇遇记》11．“灰姑娘”的形象类型是（）A．快乐滑稽的形象B．机智灵活的形象C．勤劳勇敢的形象D．美丽善良的形象12．在幼儿文学中词汇使用要尽量避免使用（）A．形象的词B．具体的词C．准确的词D．抽象的词13．增强幼儿文学语言形象性的修辞手法有（）A．摹状、比喻、拟人、夸张B．写实、抽象、夸张、讽喻C．概括、倒叙、回忆、隐喻D．象征、类比、借代、反讽14．有助于幼儿正确的掌握字音的儿歌是（）A．谜语歌B．绕口令C．游戏歌D．字头歌15．具有增强幼儿语言与动作协调性的儿歌有（）A．谜语歌B．绕口令C．游戏歌D．摇篮歌16．“四是四，十是十。
最新1月全国自考现代语言学试题及答案解析
全国2018 年 1 月自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the fourchoices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2% X 10=20% )1. The language behavior of particular persons on particular occasions is determined by manyother factors over and above their linguisticA. systemB. structureC. competenceD. performance2. When we pronounce the long vowels [i:] or [u:], our , which is a bony structure at theend of the windpipe, is in a state of tension. (A. larynxB. hard palateC. glottisD. vocal cords3. The word “ manuscript ” is a two-morpheme cluster which containsA. two rootsB. a root and a prefixC. a root and a suffixD. a root and a free morpheme4. The grammatical knowledge is represented through Phrase Structure Rules, which stateexplicitly all and only the possible combinations of the of a language, for example, in En glish, NP ( Det ) (Adj) N (PP) (S).A. phrasesB. clausesC. sentencesD. constituents5. The view that the meaning of a linguistic form is defined as the “ situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer ” was proposed byA. PlatoB. Ogden and RichardsC. John FirthD. Bloomfield6. According to John Austin's theory of speech act, a(n) act is the change brought about bythe utterance. (A. prelocuti onaryB. locuti onaryC. illocutio naryD. perlocutio nary7. In 1786, Sir William Jones suggested that _____ bore to Greek and Latin a stronger affinitythan could possibly have been produced by accident.( )A. Germa nicB. Persia nD. Lithua nianC. Sa nskrit8. The existence of taboo words and taboo ideas stimulates the creation of euphemism, which shows that a word or phrase not only has a linguistic denotative meaning but also has a .( )A. con ceptual meaningB. conno tative meaningC. cultural meaningD. social meaning9. Dichotic liste ning research tells us a sig nal coming in the left ear will first go to the _____ hemisphere, from where it is tran sferred to the left side of the brain for process ing. ( )A. rightB. leftC. frontD. back10. Studies of the effects of formal in struct ion on sec ond Ian guage acquisiti on suggest that formalin structio n may help lear ners perform some of the followi ng types of tasks except ___ .( ) A. pla nned speech B. writ ingC. casual and spontan eous con versati onD. career-orie nted exam in ati on11. Directions: Fill in the bla nk in each of the follow ing stateme nts with one word, the firstletter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, andyou are not allowed to cha nge the letter give n. (1% x 10=10%)11. Double a _____ refers to the property of Ianguage which means Ianguage is composed ofdiscrete units at two levels. At the lower level there is a structure of sounds, which are meanin gless. At the higher level there are morphemes and words, which are meanin gful.12. In the producti on of v ______ , the back of the ton gue is brought into con tact with the softpalate, or velum, e.g., [k] in cat, [g] in get and [ n ] in sting.13. Morphological rules are the rules that gover n which affix can be added to what type ofs ____ to form a new word.14. A sentence is a structurally in depe ndent unit that usually comprises a nu mber of words. Aphrase structure tree diagram assigns a _h ___ structure to sentences.15. The words such as “ pop”meaning a certain sound and “ pop ” meaning popular are inrelati on ship of c ____ homony ms.16. The c ____ view in the discussion of semantics is often considered as the initial effort tostudy meaning in a pragmatic sen se.17. Exte nsive cha nges in rules of morphology have occurred in the history of En glish. En glish haslost most of its i ______ endin gs, by which it is no Ion ger possible to ide ntify the functionalroles of nouns.18. Diglossia describes any stable linguistic situation, in which there exists a strict f ______differe ntiati on betwee n a low-variety or L-variety and a high variety or H-variety.19. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brainis called l _____ .20. I ____ is the Ianguage that a learner constructs at a given stage of second Ianguageacquisiti on.III. Directions: Judge whether each, of the follow ing stateme nts is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you thi nk so and the n give the correct vers ion. (2% x 10=20%)21. ( ) Accord ing to Hall (1968), la nguage is "the in stituti on whereby huma ns com muni cateand in teract with each other by means of habitually used oral-auditory arbitrary symbols."Most lin guists today accept the view of Ian guage as a set of "habituallyused symbols."22. ( ) Intonation refers to a distinctive pattern of tones over stretch of speech in principleIon ger tha n a word, in other words, whe n pitch, stress and sound len gth are tied to thesentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as inton ati on. 23. ( ) Suffixes are added to the end of stems, during the process of which they modify themeaning of the origi nal word but usually do not cha nge its part of speech.24. ( ) When we say a sentence has two levels of structure, D-structure and S-structure, wedo not mean that the syntactic representations of these two levels must be different.Since syntactic movement occurs to all sentences, so the representations of the twolevels look different.25. ()“ He has been to New York ” presupposes “ He has been to America” .26. ()John Searle made a distinction between what he called “ constatives” and“ performatives ” .27. ()Regularization of exceptional plural forms of nouns constantly occurs. By analogy tofoe/foes, and dog/dogs, English speakers started saying cows as the plural of cowinstead of the earlier plural kine. This analogical change does not occur when words areborrowed from foreign languages.28. ()The common English address terms are First Name (e.g., John), Last Name (e.g.,Smith), Title + Last Name (e.g., Dr. Green), Title + Title (e.g., Mr. President), Title alone(e.g., Sir) and Kin term (e.g., Dad). And outside of marked settings, between friends,neighbours and colleagues, first names are always preferred.29. ()Thanks to cerebral plasticity, people suffering damage to the left hemisphere are ableto transfer their language centers to the right hemisphere and to reacquire the lostlinguistic skills with relatively little disruption.30. ()The earliest sounds produced by infants can be considered as early languageIV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration, if n ecessary. ( 3% 10=30% )31. design features32. narrow transcription33. bound morphemes34. deep structure35. hyponymy36. commissives37. sound assimilation38. idiolect39. Wernicke's area40. interferenceV. Directions: Answer the following questions.(10% 1=20% )41. Please illustrate the syntactic and semantic features of compounds in English language withexamples.42. Please explicate how language and thought develop and blend each other in order to understandthe relationship between language and thought.。
2022年全国1月自学考试文学概论试题含答案参考资料
全国1月自学考试文学概论（一）试题课程代码：00529一、单选题(本大题共20小题，每题1分，共20分)在每题列出旳四个备选项中只有一种是符合题目规定旳，请将其代码填写在题后旳括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1．“白雪公主”中旳人物形象属于( C )4-222A．扁平人物B．圆形人物C．表意型人物D．典型人物2．“诗是最快乐最良善旳心灵中最快乐最良善旳瞬间之记录。
”雪莱旳这句话属于文学观念中旳( C )1-23A．客观说B．模仿说C．体现说D．独立说3．提出作家体验“出入说”旳是( A )1-86A．王国维B．叶燮C．李贽D．梁启超4．文学风格最突出旳特性是( A )6-328A．独创性B．稳定性C．多样性D．审美性5．古典主义旳代表人物是( D )9-490A．柏拉图B．亚里斯多德C．左拉D．布瓦洛6．波德莱尔提出旳理论被称为象征主义宪章，这种理论是( A )5-259A．交感论B．移情论C．投射论D．宣泄论7．中国老式旳风格理论来源于( A )6-306A．魏晋B．汉代C．隋唐D．秦代8．在创作过程中，居于核心位置旳是( D )7-389A．润色与修改B．艺术传达C．材料储藏D．艺术构思9．觉得文学自身是一种不依赖任何外在事物而独立自足存在旳感情与想象旳世界，这种批评措施是( B )8-445A．接受美学批评B．形式主义批评C．构造主义批评D．社会批评10．“立即、枕上、厕上”说旳提出者是( D )7-353A．白居易B．苏轼C．王昌龄D．欧阳修11．“召唤构造”旳提出者是( A )8-427A．伊萨尔B．姚斯C．英加登D．加缪12．西方对文艺理论旳奉献是( C )4-(教材中无法找到原则答案)A．意象B．意境C．典型D．性格13．提出“熟悉旳陌生人”旳是( B )3-154A．雨果B．别林斯基C．歌德D．康德14．神话原型批评旳集大成者是( C )8-446A．弗洛伊德B．荣格C．弗莱D．弗雷泽15．指出“有韵则生，无韵则死”旳是( D )3-169A．王国维B．严羽C．王夫之D．陆时雍16．文本时间长度不不小于故事时间长度旳粗略论述，被称为( D )4-202A．省略B．减缓C．停止D．概略17．鲁迅指出，该书旳浮现打破了老式旳思想和写法。
(全新整理)1月全国自考语言学概论试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试语言学概论试题课程代码：00541一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1．“名无固宜，约之以命，约定俗成谓之宜，异于约谓之不宜”的提出者是（）A．老子B．孔子C．荀子D．庄子2．声音的强弱决定于（）A．频率的大小B．振幅的大小C．发音体的松紧D．说话的速度3．语音中声带振动的浊辅音是（）A．乐音B．噪音C．乐音和噪音的混合体D．纯音4．舌尖前不送气清塞音是（）A．［t］B．［d］C．［ts］D．［s］5．汉语北京话中，有的人把“一般儿大”(同样大)说成“一边儿大”，这种现象在语音学上叫（）A．同化B．异化C．弱化D．增音6．把词分为单纯词和合成词所依据的是（）A．音节的数量B．语素的数量C．词的用途D．词的地位7．“背黑锅”、“走后门”、“碰钉子”都属于（）A．惯用语B．谚语C．成语D．简缩词语8．外语学习中，学习者往往会建立一种不同于母语也不同于外语而只属于个人的语言系统，这就是（）A．交叉语B．双语C．混合语D．中介语19．外语学习中，学习者的母语会对其所学的外语产生影响，这种现象叫（）A．语言接触B．语言迁移C．语言混同D．语言杂糅10．机器翻译可以分为四个层级，其中最高的一级是（）A．语境平面的翻译B．语义平面的翻译C．句法平面的翻译D．单词平面的翻译11．汽车司机行驶到路口，看见红灯就会马上停车，这是一种（）A．感性思维B．逻辑思维C．发散思维D．推理思维12．人大脑的右半球掌管（）A．语言活动B．直观动作的思维活动C．抽象思维D．判断和推理13．一般认为人大脑语言功能的临界期最迟是（）A．2至3岁B．6至8岁C．9至10岁D．12至13岁14．从语言形式本身看，双词句标志着儿童产生了最早的（）A．语音能力B．语义能力C．语法能力D．构词能力15．在儿童语言获得过程的某一阶段，儿童说出的话很像大人打电报时所用的表达方式，这个阶段他们的语言被称作“电报式语言”，这个阶段是（）A．咿呀学语阶段B．单词阶段C．简单句阶段D．复杂句阶段16．小脑的主要功能是（）A．连接大脑左右两半球B．负责内脏功能C．控制人体运动的平衡D．负责掌管记忆功能17．最小的音义结合的语言单位是（）A．音素B．语素C．义素D．义位18．文字起源于（）A．结绳B．图画C．结珠D．穿贝19．语言间亲属关系最重要的标志是（）A．语音对应关系B．词汇对应关系2C．语法对应关系D．文字对应关系20．要确定几种未定的“话”是属于同一“语言”的不同“‘方言”，还是不同的“语言”，应当依据（）A．说话者相互理解程度B．语言结构本身差异的程度C．共同的历史文化传统和民族认同感D．说话者的民族二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
1月全国自考大学语文(专)试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试大学语文（专）试题课程代码：00010一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的。
请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.下列作品中题目就是全文中心论点的是（）A.《科学的春天》B.《建设有中国特色的社会主义》C.《论气节》D.《咬文嚼字》2.《论“费厄泼赖”应该缓行》中提到辛亥革命时革命派与反动势力妥协，地主官僚等乘此投机的现象所用的古语是（）A.党同伐异B.投石下井C.犯而不校D.咸与维新3.《论“费厄泼赖”应该实行》为证明在人民内部应该“费厄”一点时说：“在公共汽车上。
相互‘温、良、恭、俭、让’一些，将可以减少粗野低级的争吵!”这里所用的论证方法是（）A.将某些方面相同或相近的不同事物加以比较B.将某些方面相反或对立的不同事物加以比较C.从个别到一般D.从一般到个别4.《谈<水浒>的人物和结构》是一篇（）A.艺术专论B.文艺评论C.杂文D.演讲稿5.下列孔子语录中，与“烈火见真金”意义相近的是（）A.无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁B.择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之C.敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉D.岁寒，然后知松柏之后彫也6.《答司马谏议书》中，首先提出的判定是非的原则是（）A.议法度而修之于朝廷B.举先王之政，以兴利除弊C.名实已明，而天下之理得矣1D.度义而后动7.《沙漠里的奇怪现象》从太阳将细沙晒得火热说起来解说“鸣沙”的成因，所运用的说明方法是（）A.定义B.诠释C.数据D.举例8.下列文句中，使用引用说明法来说明事物、事理本质的是（）A.《史记·苏秦列传》里有段故事：“信如尾生，与女子期于梁下，女子不来，水至不去，抱柱而死”B.《花镜》上说：畜鹤“之地，须近竹木池沼，方能存久”C.《乾淳岁时记》说，当时杭州宫里到了重阳节都要摆列出来千万盆菊花，供人玩赏D.恩格斯说：“运动是物质的存在形式”9.《苏州园林》一文说明的中心是（）A.苏州园林在我国园林中的地位B.苏州园林的总体特点C.苏州园林与北京园林的相同点D.苏州园林的发展演变10.《菊花》一文所采用的结构方式是（）A.“总—分”式B.“总—分—总”式C.“分—总”式D.并列式11.《追悼志摩》中，梁任公说志摩“所梦想的神圣境界恐终不可得”，反映出他对志摩行为的态度是（）A.恭敬与同情B.不理解但同情C.理解但反对D.支持与赞美12.《箱子岩》中，作者记叙第二次游箱子岩见闻时重点写了（）A.赛龙舟B.自然风景C.贺龙D.兵油子13.《都江堰》中“他失败了，终究又胜利了”，此“失败”是指（）A.都江堰工程没有峻工B.治水事业后继无人C.官职没有提升D.第一次筑堰失败14.下列《廉颇蔺相如列传》的文句中，最能体现“将相和”现实意义的是（）A.相如虽驽，独畏廉将军哉B.强秦之所以不敢加兵于赵C.两虎共斗，其势不俱生D.先国家之急而后私仇也15.《毛颖传》中，作者所说“秦之灭诸侯，颖与有功”主要是指颖（）A.简牍是资，天下其同书B.得天与人文之兆2C.强记便敏，善随人意D.能匿光使物16.方苞《狱中杂记》最后一段所写李姓犯人事，揭露了（）A.奸民与胥卒内外勾结B.胥吏贪赃枉法C.主梏扑者对犯人的敲诈勒索D.行刑者的凶残17.下列诗句中运用对偶的是（）A.久在樊笼里，复得返自然B.狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树颠C.误落尘网中，一去三十年D.开荒南野际，守拙归园田18.在《蜀相》中，紧接“锦官城外柏森森”之后的诗句是（）A.三顾频烦天下计B.出师未捷身先死C.长使英雄泪满襟D.映阶碧草自春色19.柳永《望海潮》(东南形胜)中，在“云树绕堤沙，怒涛卷霜雪，天堑无涯”之后，接着描写杭州繁华景象的语句是（）A.烟柳画桥，风帘翠幕，参差十万人家B.市列珠玑，户盈罗绮，竞豪奢C.重湖叠巘清嘉，有三秋桂子，十里荷花D.千骑拥高牙，乘醉听箫鼓，吟赏烟霞20.下列四组诗歌作品中，属于七律的一组是（）A.张若虚《春江花月夜》、孟郊《游子吟》B.王昌龄《出塞》(其一)、杜牧《江南春》C.杜甫《蜀相》、陆游《书愤》D.刘禹锡《乌衣巷》、李商隐《夜雨寄北》二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题。
(全新整理)1月浙江自考语言学概论试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年1月自考语言学概论试题课程代码：10044一、判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）判断下列各题，正确的在题后括号内打“√”，错的打“×”。
1.语言学直到19世纪才成为一门科学，在这之前的语言研究只能称之为“语文学”。
( )2.语言既是一种物质实体，又是一种社会现象。
( )3.语言获得主要是通过有意识的教或学的形式，即所谓直觉习惯和模仿强化等来完成的。
( )4.词的内部语素与语素的组合形式不完全等同于句法结构的形式，即词的构造具有某些特殊类型。
( )5.一般说，前缀在构词中除了改变词的抽象意义外，也往往改变词的词类。
( )6.大脑的语言功能完全是通过后天的学习、训练获得的。
( )7.一部分思维活动完全可以摆脱语言独立进行。
( )8.作为来源语的母语对作为目标语的外语会产生影响，这就叫做“语言迁移”。
( )9.目前汉字输入就已经可以采用语音合成技术。
( )10.文字改革必须要注意解决书面语的历史继承性问题，否则就会割断历史文化传统，引起多数人的反对。
( )二、单项选择题(本大题共14小题，每小题1分，共14分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.关于语言研究，下列说法中不正确的是( )Ａ.语言的研究可以着重于语言的“本体”，重点研究语音、语法、语汇、语义等系统内部的结构规律Ｂ.语言的研究指的就是对于语言和人脑思维之间关系的研究Ｃ.语言的研究可以从不同的角度，采用不同的方式来进行Ｄ.由于研究的范围、目的、方法等等的不同，会形成各种不同的语言学派2.下列说法正确的是( )A.语言符号具有任意性，因此不同的语言符号之间都是独立存在、互不联系的Ｂ.语言是一个系统，这个系统具有相对的封闭性，很少受到外界各种因素的影响C.语素是可以自由运用的最小的语言单位D.无论从语音学还是从语义学的角度来看，语素都是最小的不可再分的单位3.关于语言的组合关系，下列说法中不正确的一项是( )A.组合关系又称句段关系，其实质就是同义词或近义词的组合与替换问题Ｂ.我们通常所说的“词类”，指的就是一种在组合关系中具有相同语法功能的类C.语言单位的组合，只能采取线性的序列形式D.在语链中，在同一位置上出现的语言单位处在共同的组合关系之中，具有共同的句法功能4.普通语言学指的是( )A.语言学研究中的初级阶段B.语言学研究的低级对象C.对人类语言进行一般性研究的科学D.对某一门语言进行普遍而适用的研究的学问5.下列各组辅音中，发音部位相同的一组是( )A.［p］［f］B.［p］［m］C.［t］［p］D.［k］［m］6.下列关于韵律特征的表述中，不正确的一项是( )A.韵律特征指的是语音中除音质特征之外的音高、音长和音强方面的变化。
最新全国1月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题历年试卷
做试题,没答案?上自考365,网校名师为你详细解答!全国2005年1月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives and choose the one that best completes the statement (20%).1.When signifying “come here”,English speakers would ( ).A. extend their closed hands, palms up, with only their forefingers moving back and forthB. extend their open hands, palms down, toward the person with all fingers crooked in abeckoning motionC. extend their closed hands, palms up, toward the person with all fingers crooked in a beckoningmotionD. extend their open hands, palm down, with only their forefingers moving back and forth2.In English speaking countries smell of ( ) is thought to be undesirable.A. lotionsB. creamsC. powdersD. perspiration3.The American English equivalent for “私立学校”is ( ).A. public schoolB. council schoolC. private schoolD. grade school4.Many technical terms in English such as botany, mathematics, electron, pharynx, atom, geometry and lithium can all find their origins in ( ).A. LatinB. GreekC. FrenchD. Roman5.“I could tell you something about beautiful women now, I could. And it was not all made up either”demonstrates ( ) relation between the two sentences.A. an additiveB. an adversativeC. a causalD. a temporal6.In most English letters of request,( ).A. the request precedes the supporting informationB. the request follows the supporting factC. the initial request has to be made paving the way for the final requestD. the request is placed at the end of letters7.“It’s important how you package your ideas”illustrates the metaphor ( ).A. ideas are foodB. ideas are commoditiesC. ideas are productsD. ideas are plants8.“See red”means ( ).A. to get extremely angryB. to become extremely happyC. to be very shyD. to show embarrassment9.“Blue blood”means ( ).A. humble lineageB. courageous personalityC. timid personalityD. aristocratic lineage10.“The cat’s got your tongue”refers to ( ).A. you’re in troubleB. you feel sickC. you are very quietD. you like the cat11.“Milk and water”means ( ).A. something drinkableB. something that is inoffensive but feebleC. something in complete harmonyD. complete understanding between friends12.When one visits an English speaking friend,one had better not stay at his home long.This isespecially illustrated by a proverb ( ).A. a rousing welcomeB. do not wear out your welcomeC. an Englishman’s house is his castleD. as snow in harvest13.Religious name “John”means ( ) in Chinese.A.上帝是神圣的B.约翰C.上帝的朋友D.上帝是仁慈的14.“Oscar”means ( ) in Chinese.A.奥斯卡B.天赐之盾C.天赐之矛D.天赐之剑15.“Good-bye”is derived from the expression “( )”.A. Good luck for youB. God bless youC. God be with youD. Look forward to see you again16.When offering another person to be the first in going through a door or getting into a car,thenormal expression is ( ).A. “After you”B. “You go first,please”C. “Would you like to go first?”D. “Can you go first,please?”17.“Statesman”and “politician”are mainly distinguished by their ( ) meaning.A. connotativeB. conceptualC. socialD. reflected18.While “handsome woman”and “pretty woman”are both acceptable,they suggest differentkinds of attractiveness because of the ( ) associations of these two objectives.A. collocativeB. affectiveC. connotativeD. thematic19.Money given at Christmas time to the dustmen and others who provide a service throughout theyear is called ( ).A. ChristmastideB. Christmas giftC. Christmas boxD. Christmas money20.Pork,mutton,and beef are loan words from ( ).A. FrenchB. LatinC. IndianD. English originⅡ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer (16%)21.Inductive argumentation has been related to ( ).A. the linear thinking patternB. the branching thinking patternC. inductive reasoningD. indirect personality22.“( )”are all euphemisms for “poor”.A. Not richB. NeedyC. UnderprivilegedD. Disadvantaged23.“( )”can be termed as honorfics.A. Would you mind my closing the doorB. To make valuable commentsC. Your ExcellencyD. Your honorable24.“( )”can be functioned as greetings.A. How is everything?B. Good morning.C. Where are you going?D. Hello!25.“( )”can be used as a reply to an invitation.A. Oh, thank you very much. But I think I may have to work that day. Could I let you knowtomorrow?B. Thank you very much. I’ll try to come.C. That would be lovely. Thank you very much.D. Oh, what a pity! I’d love to, but I’m afraid I won’t be free next Saturday. Thank you all thesame.26.There is truth in the statement that ( ).A. English is a language governed by strict rules and regulationsB. English speakers enjoy more freedom when speaking or writing in English than Chinese peopleC. English grammatical markers are obligatory itemsD. English has more explicit grammatical markers that are used obligatorily than Chinese27.There is truth in that( ).A. in Chinese we do have to use explicit formal markers to convey the passive meaningB. implicit passive sentences are used very frequently in ChineseC. the obligatory explicit grammatical markers are larger in number in English than in ChineseD. the obligatory explicit grammatical marker are used more frequently in English than in Chinese28.In English culture “old”is often associated with ( ).A. traditionalB. senileC. matureD. useless第二部分非选择题Ⅲ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (9%)29. _____ is the study of facial expressions, touch, time, gestures, smell, eye behavior and so on.30.The American English equivalent for “cheque”is _____.31.The red carpet is a symbol of _____.32.A _____ refers to a detective or shrewd person who has the uncanny ability to track down anyquarry or solve any mystery through observation, scientific analysis, and logical reasoning. 33.The contrast between grammatical explicitness in English and grammatical implicitness inChinese may be brought about by different _____ traditions of English speaking countries and China.34.The word in British English for “warehouse”is _____.35.Culture in its technical sense is _____.It’s a social, national and historical phenomenon.36.The medium of verbal interaction is _____.37.The Chinese people prefer the order in which the modifier appears before the head becausethey are _____.Ⅳ.Answer the following questions briefly.(10%)38. What is the general rule for introduction in English culture?39. What does “a Trojan horse”allude to?Ⅴ.Translation: (16%)40.您有何贵干?41.大男子主义者42.白手起家的人43.Continental Congress44.to know one’s onion45.Not in a hundred years.46.brown sugar47.to keep one’s nose to the grindstoneⅥ.Define the following terms: (9%)48.the future-oriented society49.individualism50.anthropological cultureⅦ.Discuss the following topics: (20%)51.In what way does oral English differ from written English?52.What are the cultural differences between English and Chinese responses to compliments?。
浙江1月自考语言学概论试题及答案解析课程代码：10044
浙江省2018年1月自学考试语言学概论试题课程代码：10044一、判断题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内打“√”，错的打“╳”。
每小题1分，共10分)1.语言是民族的重要标志也是最可靠的标志。
( )2.语音本质上是一种社会现象。
( )3.音强变化在许多语言中有区别意义的作用。
( )4.舌面元音的音质差别是由口腔的不同形状决定的。
( )5.根据词的音节数量，汉语的词一般分成单纯词和合成词。
( )6.所有的语法规则都是互相联系着共同起作用的。
( )7.语言诸要素语音、语汇、语法中，语音发展变化最快。
( )8.语调是任何一种语言都有的语法手段。
( )9.“觉得不舒服”和“睡得不舒服”结构相同。
( )10.已知的所有自源文字都是意音文字、词语文字。
( )二、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题2分，共26分)1.普通话音节zhi中的元音i是( )。
A.舌面前元音B.舌面后元音C.舌尖前元音D.舌尖后元音2.辅音［s］和［x］的区别是( )。
A.送气与否B.清音和浊音C.擦音和塞擦音D.发音部位不同3.［k］是( )。
A.塞音B.擦音C.鼻音D.塞擦音4.前低不圆唇元音是( )。
A.［e］B.［u］C.［a］D.［o］5.造成现代汉语词的音形关系复杂的原因有( )。
A.语音偶合B.历史音变C.词义分化D.以上都是6.语法规则的“递归性”是指( )。
A.相同的规则可以在一个结构里重复使用B.语法规则可以相互推导和解释C.语法规则的变化过程十分缓慢D.对语言成分和结构进行类的概括7.汉语普通话中“啊”的音变属于语流音变中的( )。
A.同化B.异化C.脱落D.加音8.汉字“末”属于下列哪一种造字法( )。
A.象形B.指事C.会意D.形声9.我国解放前的“洋泾浜语”是语言的( )。
A.借用B.双语现象C.转用D.混合10.下列属于意译词的是( )。
1月全国自考大学语文试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月自考大学语文试题课程代码：04729一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.《五代史伶官传序》的中心论点是( )A.满招损，谦得益B.忧劳可以兴国，逸豫可以亡身C.祸患常积于忽微，而智勇多困于所溺D.盛衰之理，虽日天命，岂非人事哉2.《就任北京大学校长之演说》既肯定大学的宗旨是“研究高深学问”，又批评“求学为升官发财”的腐败风气，这种论证方法是( )A.演绎法B.归纳法C.对比法D.类比法3.《吃饭》的主要表现方法是( )A.对比B.类比C.侧写D.象征4.《垓下之围》中，揭示项羽内心世界中知耻重义一面的情节是( )A.惊闻楚歌B.悲歌“虞兮”C.对吕马童说“吾为若德”D.马赠亭长，自刎乌江5.下列文章中，“传其事以为官戒”的是( )A.《冯谖客孟尝君》B.《张中丞传后叙》C.《种树郭橐驼传》D.《马伶传》6.下列《前赤壁赋》的语句中，描写箫声的是( )A.耳得之而为声B.飘飘乎如遗世独立C.舞幽壑之潜蛟D.寄蜉蝣于天地7.《先妣事略》：“入城，则缉纟卢，灯火荧荧，每至夜分。
”这里表现的母亲的品德是( )A.俭朴B.勤劳1C.待人厚道D.严以教子8.下列《马伶传》的语句中，暗含讽刺当朝权奸之意的是( )A.其士女之问桃叶渡、游雨花台者，趾相错也B.新安贾合两部为大会C.异哉!马伶之自得师也D.见昆山犹之见分宜也9.《秋夜》所写的事物中，在象征寓意上与枣树相近的是( )A.天空B.小粉红花C.小青虫D.月亮10.在巴金的笔下，“爱尔克的灯光”所象征的是( )A.旧家庭的冷落B.希望的破灭C.对礼教的憎恶D.新的生活道路11.余秋雨说，都江堰“实实在在地占据了邈远的时间”，这句话的意思是( )A.它永久性地灌溉了中华民族B.长城还只是它的后辈C.李冰在世时已考虑事业的承续D.都江堰倒成了连接两界的骄傲12.《蚂蚁大战》中场面描写的特点是( )A.以点带面B.由近及远C.动静交错D.由远及近13.《蒹葭》的主要抒情方法是( )A.直抒胸臆B.借比喻抒情C.借典故抒情D.借象征抒情14.《陌上桑》所描写的主要人物形象是( )A.罗敷B.耕者C.使君D.夫婿15.《秋兴八首》(其一)中，抒写漂泊之感的诗句是( )A.玉露凋伤枫树林，巫山巫峡气萧森B.江间波浪兼天涌，塞上风云接地阴C.丛菊两开他日泪，孤舟一系故园心D.寒衣处处催刀尺，白帝城高急暮砧16.李煜《虞美人》的情感内容是抒写( )A.行役之苦、羁旅之愁B.失意之悲、遭贬之愤C.时局之忧、危机之虑D.故国之思、亡国之痛217.《再别康桥》中，“夕阳中的新娘”比喻的是( )A.西天的云彩B.河畔的金柳C.软泥上的青荇D.康河的柔波18.《祖国啊，我亲爱的祖国》中，“是‘飞天’袖间／千百年来未落到地面的花朵”的象征意义是( )A.丝绸之路的历史记忆B.敦煌艺术的文化遗存C.历史的祖国艰难地负重缓行D.祖祖辈辈的美好希望一再失落19.《哦，香雪》的整体结构特点是( )A.思想感情的多重性B.全景描述中突出中心画面C.以看火车为聚集点D.借景物描写表现人物心情20.《金鲤鱼的百裥裙》中，开头和结尾都写到孙女要穿百裥裙的情景，这对表现金鲤鱼悲惨命运的作用是( )A.对比反衬B.铺垫烘托C.侧面渲染D.象征暗示二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
1月全国自考现代语言学试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题2分，共20分)1.The description of a language as it changes through time is a ( ) study.A. comparativeB. diachronicC. up-to-dateD. descriptive2. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established, and until recently the most highly developed, is ( ) phonetics.A. auditoryB. acousticC. articulatoryD. none of the above three3. What the element ‘-es’indicates is third person singular, present tense, the element ‘-ed’past tense, and ‘-ing’progressive aspect. Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also ( ).A. phonemesB. morphemesC. allophonesD. phones4. Since early 1980s Noam Chomsky and other generatvie linguists proposed and developed a theory of universal grammar known as the ( ) theory.A. speech actB. TGC. principles-and-parametersD. minimalist programme5. One way to analyze lexical meaning is ( ).A. predication analysisB. stylistic analysisC. componential analysisD. proposition analysis6. Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the ( ) because this kind of speech act is identical with the speaker’s intention.A. locutionary actB. illocutionary actC. perlocutionary actD. constative act7. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar ( ).A. Sir William JonesB. John FirthC. M. A. K. HallidayD. F. D. Saussure8. A bilingual speaker often uses two languages alternatively during a conversation with another1bilingual speaker, a speech situation known as ( ).A. discourse role-switchingB. activity role-switchingC. social role-switchingD. code-switching9. A focal point of SLA research has been the nature and development of L2 learners’( ).A. second languageB. first languageC. foreign languageD. interlanguage10. It is estimated that the number of basic words known by English-speaking school children of age six is around ( ).A. 7800B. 6800C. 5800D. 4800二、填空题(每小题1分，共10分)11. The description of a language at some point in time is a s________ study.12. When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as i________.13. According to its position in the new word, a________ are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.14. P________ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.15. Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called s________ restrictions.16. The u________ meaning of the sentence varies with the context in which it is uttered.17. Some important missions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families of related languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p________, the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.18. R________ are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations.19. Learners will subconsciously use their L1 knowledge in learning a second language. This is known as language t________.20. A related issue with integrative motivation has been the extent to which learners differ in theprocess of adapting to the new culture of the L2 community. This adaptation process is calleda ________.三、判断说明题(判断下列各题，正确的在题干后面的括号内填“T”，错误的填“F”，并说明理由。
全国1月高等教育自学考试大学语文(本)试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试大学语文(本)试题课程代码：00011一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题1分，共20分)1.提出与孟子“民贵君轻”相似观点的文章是( )A.《季氏将伐颛臾》B.《赵威后问齐使》C.《寡人之于国也》D.《秋水》2.《秋水》中，论证人的认识有限的论据中属于运用例证法的是( )A.井蛙不可以语于海者，拘于虚也B.吾在天地之间，犹小石小木之在大山C.中国之在海内，似禾弟米之在大仓D.仲尼语之以为博，此其自多也3.韩愈在《答李翊书》中提出的一个文学主张是( )A.文章应“有补于世”B.文章应“明道”、“致用”、“事信”、“言文”C.文章应“惟陈言之务去”D.文章应“合为时而著”4.《答司马谏议书》一文中，王安石驳斥司马光观点的立论原则是( )A.名实相副B.膏泽斯民C.守前所为D.兴利除弊5.毛泽东《人的正确思想是从哪里来的?》一文的中心论点是( )A.人的认识过程有两个阶段B.人的正确认识从实践中来C.认识世界的目的是改造世界D.必须进行辩证唯物论认识论教育6.《李将军列传》中说：“单于素闻广贤，令曰：‘得李广必生致之!’”对刻画李广形象来说，这种人物描写手法属于( )A.语言描写B.心理描写C.细节描写D.侧面描写7.《张中丞传后叙》中，表现许远性格的方式是( )A.在驳斥谬论中补叙事迹B.在夹叙夹议中抒情赞美C.抓住动人轶事进行补叙D.抓住典型细节进行描写8.《始得西山宴游记》一文的基本抒情方法是( )A.直抒胸臆B.寓情于理C.寓情于事D.寓情于景9.在《报刘一丈书》一文中，权要者的性格特征是( )A.阿谀奉承B.狡猾多诈C.残忍凶狠D.贪婪虚伪10.在《爱尔克的灯光》中，“爱尔克的灯光”的象征意义是( )A.对新生活的信念和对理想的追求B.对旧家庭的憎恶和对财富的鄙弃C.美好希望的破灭和生活的悲剧D.封建家庭和礼教的没落和崩溃11.《往事》用大海的各种姿态和情势，暗示人的丰富情感和性格，用大海的广阔的涵容，暗示人的胸怀和美德，这种表现方法是( )A.铺垫B.对比C.侧写D.象征12.《背影》一文刻画父亲形象的最突出特点是( )A.善于进行人物心理描写B.选取“背影”这一独特视角C.用儿子的行为来侧面衬托D.用环境描写来渲染烘托13.《上邪》诗中所描述的景物属于( )A.眼前之景B.梦中之景C.回忆之景D.假设之景14.《登高》中渗透着诗人对国势衰败的感慨的写景诗句是( )A.风急天高猿啸哀B.渚清沙白鸟飞回C.无边落木萧萧下D.不尽长江滚滚来15.陆游《关山月》抒情言志，主要借助( )A.边塞景物B.典型场景C.历史典故D.前人成句16.在李清照《声声慢》词中，具有自喻性的词句是( )A.乍暖还寒时候，最难将息B.雁过也，正伤心，却是旧时相识C.满地黄花堆积，憔悴损，如今有谁堪摘D.梧桐更兼细雨，到黄昏、点点滴滴17.闻一多《一句话》中的那句话，指的是( )A.突然青天里一个霹雳B.等火山忍不住了缄默C.你不信铁树开花也可D.咱们的中国18.高尔基《鹰之歌》运用的象征表现手法主要体现在( )A.借鹰和蛇来寄托自己的情志B.用鹰和蛇的习性来体现社会上某类人的行为C.赋予鹰和蛇以及其他自然景物以人的灵性D.用鹰和蛇的言行来体现两种不同的人生观19.《断魂枪》揭示人物内心世界的主要方法是( )A.指称议论、直抒胸臆B.肖象、行为、语言的白描C.比喻、比拟等艺术手段D.梦境、幻境等意境创造20.《麦琪的礼物》的故事结局是( )A.皆大欢喜的大团圆B.留下许多未决的悬案C.出人意料而合情合理的巧合D.因无悬念而淡然无味二、多项选择题(在每小题的五个备选答案中，选出二至五个正确的答案，并将正确答案的序号分别填在题干的括号内，多选、少选、错选均不得分。
浙江2020年1月自考语言学概论试题及答案解析
浙江省 2018 年 1 月自考语言学概论试题课程代码： 10044一、判断题(本大题共10 小题，每小题1 分，共10分)判断下列各题，正确的在题后括号内打“V”，错的打“X” 。
1．语言是识别民族的主要标准，相互理解程度是区分语言与方言的惟一标准。
( )2．语言的统一只能通过消灭共同语以外的少数民族语言和方言来实现。
( )3．非音质音位包括“调位” 、“重位”和“时位”等。
( )4．单音节词一定是单纯词。
( )5．广义的构形包括附加表示词类特征的后缀形式，而狭义的构形只是指纯粹的词尾形式。
( ) 6．洋泾浜语是母语不同的人在相互交往时所使用的由两种语言或多种语言混杂而成的交际工具。
( )7．第一语言即母语主要是习得的。
( )8．三千多年来，汉字无论在字体方面还是在性质方面都发生了根本性的变化。
( )9•普通话中的音位/p/的区别特征是“双唇、闭塞、送气、清音”。
( )10．大脑的语言功能完全是通过后天的学习、训练获得的。
( )二、单项选择题(本大题共14小题，每小题1分，共14 分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1下列不能改变舌面元音的特征的一项是( )A .舌位的高低 E.舌位的前后C.唇的圆展D .声带是否振动2. ___________________________________ 元音音质的差别主要是由决定的。
( )A .共鸣腔的不同形状 E.发音体C.发音源 D .发音部位3.关于音位和音位变体的关系，下列说法中不正确...的一项是( )A .音位是从具体音素中抽象概括出来的功能音类，音位变体则是音位在特定语音环境中的具体体现E.音位是用来概括反映一组音素的辨义作用的功能单位，音位变体则是音位在各种语音环境里的实际发音C.同属一个音位的变体无主次之分D .同属一个音位的变体有主次之分，通常从中选出一个作为代表4. __________________________________________________ 一个音位具有什么样的区别特征，是由决定的。
浙江省1月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题及答案解析历年试卷及答案解析
浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838第一部分选择题I.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement (20%).1.The medium of verbal interaction is ( ).A. languageB. thoughtC. cultureD. knowledge2.( )is the first week day after Christmas, a legal holiday in English, Wales, Northern Ireland,New Zealand, Australia and South Africa.A. Thanksgiving DayB. Boxing DayC. St. Valentine's DayD. Anzac Day3.“( )”is the general introduction rule in English culture.A. To introduce the older to the youngerB. To introduce the host to the guestC. To introduce the inferior to the superiorD. To introduce a woman to a man4.( )is a very wise man, the king of the Hebrews around the tenth century B.C. and was well-known for his wisdom.A. A SolomonB. The old AdamC. A JudasD. Jesus5.The Bible was originally written in ( ).A. LatinB. EnglishC. HebrewD. Arabic6.“He ran out of ideas”illustrates the metaphor that “( )”.A. Ideas are commoditiesB. Ideas are moneyC. Ideas are fashionD. Ideas are resources7.( )becomes an “underachiever”in English euphemisms related to education.A. A “slow student”B. The student who “cheats in class”C. The student, who lie or stealD. A “lazy student”8.( )refers to drawing a general conclusion from a number of known facts.A. DeductionB. InductionC. DirectnessD. Indirectness9.“The weather cleared just as the party approached the summit. Until then they had seen nothingof the panorama around them”demonstrates ( ) relation between the two sentences.A. an additiveB. an adversativeC. a casualD. a temporal10.The proverb “Each cross hath its own inscription”is related to( ).A. the history of EnglandB. individualismC. ChristianityD. Bible11.The distance zone ranging from 8 feet to the limits of one's vision and hearing is referred to as the ( ) zone.A. intimateB. casual-personalC. socio-consultativeD. public12.“Crossing one's forefinger and middle finger”signifies ( ) in English speaking countries.A. good luckB. SadnessC. respectsD. secrecy13.In American English “Totem”is a loan word from ( ), meaning “图腾”in Chinese.A. DutchB. Indian languageC. GermanD. French14.The word in American English for “pyjamas”is “pajamas”, meaning ( ) in Chinese.A.侏儒B.金字塔C.睡衣D.预感15.“( )”can be an example to illustrate the feature floor by way of staircase.A. Would you mind going upstairs right away, please?B. Time you all go upstairs, now.C. Visitors should go up the stairs at once.D. Visitors should make their way at once to the upper floor by way of staircase.16.In business English “in the black”means( )A. running a business with no moneyB. running a business with bad fortuneC. running a business profitablyD. running a business at a loss17.“She drives me out of my mind”illustrates the metaphor about ( ).A. love is madnessB. love is warC. love is magicD. love is a patient18.In English individualistic culture, one should not bother Englishmen without a good reason andmaking appointment beforehand seems to be important. It is best reflected by an English proverb ( ).A.an Englishman's house is his castleB. as welcome as a stormC. do not wear out your welcomeD. outstay one's welcome19.“To know something like the palm of one's hand”means( ).A. to understand the nature of something and be competent in the performance of themB. to understand everything without any questionC. to understand only something easyD. to be thoroughly familiar with the nature and details of something20.“Alexander”means ( ) in Chinese.A. 勇敢B. 人类的保护者C. 亚力山大D. 统帅II.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer (10%)21.The relationships between language and thought are ( ).A.Thought is communicated in languageB. Language represents thoughtC. Language is influenced and shaped by thoughtD. Without language, thought can't be communicated22.When English speakers part they usually say: “( )”.A. So longB. Stay here pleaseC. Walk well, pleaseD. See you later23.In the following proverbs, ( ) are related to Greco－Roman civilizationA. Marry in May, repent alwaysB. From his foot, you may know HerculesC. Each cross hath its own inscriptionD. One falls into Scylla in seeking to avoid Charybdis24.People's ( ) are topics that are considered by English speakers too personal to talk about.A. ageB. punctuationC. political and religious beliefsD. marriage25.In Chinese culture, ( ) are often used as brand names.A. personal names of historical figuresB. plant namesC. flower namesD. place names26.In English ( ) are derivational morphemesA. all the prefixesB. all the suffixesC. those suffixes that don't represent the grammatical categoriesD. those word endings represented the grammatical categories27.In English culture “young”is often associated with ( ).A. flexibleB. VigorousC. creativeD. inexperienced28.In English culture people often ( ).A. put the more important information before the less oneB. put the less important information before the more oneC. put the more specific information before the less oneD. put the less specific information before the more one29.( ) illustrate(s) the metaphor that love is physical force.A. They are attracted to each otherB. His whole life revolves around herC. The atmosphere around him is always changedD. There is incredible energy in their relationship30.In black and white means ( )A. something in writingB. something in printC. something absolutely wrong or rightD. something very distinctive第二部分非选择题III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (12%)31. is the supreme legislative body of the U.K. It comprises the sovereign, the House ofLords and the House of Commons.32.Branching sentence patterns are preferred in English, while are preferred inChinese.33. “A white room”means “”in Chinese.34.“Nike”, which is in Greek mythology, is a brand name of a kind of sports shoes.35.The euphemisms for the word “”are “needy”, “underprivileged”and “disadvantaged”.36. “Surprise attacks”against an enemy have now become as an euphemism.37.The English equivalent for “对学生进行填鸭式教育”is .38. “Knowledge is power”is from the great British thinker .39.It's quite common for English speaking friends to pay respectively for what they have had in a restaurant. There is an English proverb related to it .40.The subjunctive is typically represented by “should”and a verb in its form.41.The direct English speaker prefers the word order in which the head precedes the or the main clause precedes the subordinate clause.42.The word in American English for “booking office”is .IV.Answer the following questions briefly.(12%)43. What are the differences between “similes”and “metaphors”?44. How do English speakers respond to thanks?45. Where is the prefix “micro”from?46. And what is racist language? Can you cite some examples?47. What is “Chauvinism”about?48. What is the general rule for introduction in English culture?V.Translation (16%)49. Besides football, the most popular games in the United States are baseball and basketball.50. He breathed his last and was buried in the churchyard.51.That idea went out of style years ago.52. That young man is a bear at mathematics.53. Even reckoning makes long friends.54. 请赐教。
浙江1月自考语言与文化试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. Each of the following statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement andthe four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. (20%)1. The medium of verbal interaction is ______.A. thoughtB. languageC. cultureD. communication2. A. The relationship between language and culture is that ______.A. the former determines the latterB. the latter determines the formerC. the two are parallelD. the two interact3. “Politician”and “statesman”are mainly distinguished by their ______ meaning.A. connotativeB. conceptualC. socialD. reflected4. “Busybody corresponds”to ______ in Chinese.A. 大忙人B. 爱管闲事的人C. 重要人物D. 勤快人5. In the following sentences, that ______ is true.A. the branching pattern dominates in EnglishB. the branching pattern dominates in ChineseC. holistic thinking interacts with EnglishD. analytic thinking interacts with Chinese6. If a student wants to express his gratitude for professor's help, he can say ______.A. “I am so sorry I am wasting your time”B. “I hope I didn't disturb you”C. “Don't you mind I disturb you?”D. “Thank you so much. I really appreciate your help”7. “Elizabeth”means ______ in Chinese.A. 天使B. 上帝的礼物C. 上帝的祭品D. 伊丽莎白8. “Put your foot in your mouth”means ______.A. shut up your mouthB. you know everything about yourselfC. you cause embarrassment by saying something1D. what you say are nonsense.9. “To show confidence in one's worth, good character and ability”best matches “______”.A. to ride one's high horseB. to go about with one's head in the airC. to keep one's nose cleanD. to hold one's head high10. The proverb “each cross hath its own inscription”is related to ______.A. the history of EnglandB. individualismC. ChristianityD. Bible11. “A white hope”refers to a talent person who is thought ______.A. not likely to bring successB. likely to failC. likely to bring bad fateD. likely to bring success12. “Red handed”corresponds to ______.A. 现行犯的B. 革命党的C. 共产党人的D. 精力充沛的13. “The purple”in English speaking countries is associated with ______.A. a beautiful colorB. a lucky colorC. royal or noble rankD. low rank or status14. “______”is a euphemism for “fat”.A. StrongB. HeavyC. SturdyD. Clumsy15. “Blackguard”is used to refer to a(n) ______.A. African AmericanB. guard black in colorC. scoundrelD. silly man16. An underachiever is a euphemism for a ______ student.A. lazyB. poorC. slowD. disable17. Casual style is completely spontaneous with hardly any restraint, for example，______.A. Would you mind going upstairs right away, pleaseB. Time you all went upstairs, nowC. Visitors should go up the stairs at onceD. Up you go, chaps18. The British English equivalent to “公立学校”is ______.A. public schoolB. council schoolC. private schoolD. grade school19. It has been claimed that ______ are probably the most significant areas of the body fornonverbal communication.A. gesturesB. posturesC. facial expressions and eye behaviorsD. body languages220. “Chewing one's finger nails”signifies ______.A. emotional stressB. argumentC. impatienceD. frustrationII. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. In English culture “old”is often associated with ______.A. traditionalB. senileC. matureD. useless22. Words positive in meaning in English but pejorative or neutral in Chinese are ______.A. aggressiveB. self made manC. individualismD. equalitarianism or egalitarianism23. In English culture people often ______.A. put the more important information before the less oneB. put the less important information before the more oneC. put the more specific information before the less oneD. put the less specific information before the more one24. “______”can be functioned as an apology in English speaking countries.A. I beg your pardonB. I'm sorryC. Excuse meD. I'm terribly sorry25. “To pull somebody's leg”______.A. means to say something in a joking wayB. means to prevent somebody from advancingC. is equivalent to “开某人的玩笑”in ChineseD. is equivalent to “扯某人后腿”in Chinese26. Roman god of agriculture refers to ______.A. MayB. MarchC. SaturdayD. January27. That ______ illustrates the metaphor that life is a gambling game.A. the odds are against meB. he is a real loserC. I'm charmed by herD. she is besieged by suitors28. The English equivalent for “黄色电影”is ______.A. yellow filmsB. obscene filmsC. blue filmsD. sexy films29. An undertaker is now often referred to as a ______.A. funeral directorB. mortician3C. baby-sitterD. body-care30. “______”can be termed as honorifics.A. Would you mind my closing the doorB. To make valuable commentsC. Your ExcellencyD. Your HonorableIII. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (12%)31. Language is the ______ and container of cultural information.32. The leader of the British government is called ______.33. The Chinese equivalent for “lover”is ______.34. The word in American English for “purse”is ______.35. Holistic thinking interacts with Chinese, thus the ______ sentence pattern can be observed inChinese.36. God in English often corresponds to “______”in Chinese.37. “To know something like the palm of one's hand”corresponds to ”______”in Chinese.38. ______ is a lie that does no harm and is merely more convenient or polite than telling the truth.39. “易如反掌”is equivalent to “______”in English.40. ______ is a euphemism for “crippled”.41. The English equivalent for拙作is ______.42. Staring or gaping, in Chinese culture, shows one's curiosity while in English culture, isconsidered impolite and ______.IV. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)43. What is Emancipation Proclamation?44. What is the difference between “spiritual”and “精神”in relation to their connotativemeaning?45. Which idiom is in opposition to “marriage of convenience”in a sense?46. What does “Yellow Pages”refer to?47. What is the English equivalent for “拜读了大作”?48. What is proxemics?V. Translation. (16%, 2 for each)49. —你英语讲得很好。
(全新整理)1月全国自考基础英语试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试基础英语试题课程代码：00088请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上一、词汇应用和语法结构（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分）（一）词汇应用（15分）选择最佳答案完成句子，错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. My father made a ______ of 1000 yuan on those shares.A. benefitB. moneyC. payD. profit2. Better quality products at good ______ are continually being brought to the people of all income groups.A. valuesB. pricesC. moneyD. merits3. It is commonly believed that only rich middle-aged businessmen ______ from stress.A. experienceB. sufferC. bearD. stand4. These black and white stripes can be ______ by an optical scanner, or computer.A. writtenB. readC. foundD. seen5. Should each person have to pay a certain ______ of money to the government each year?A. numberB. percentageC. amountD. quantity6. He thinks success in life ______ mainly on how we get along with other people.A. dependsB. putsC. placesD. trusts7. He had waited so long that he became ______.A. impatientB. patientC. quietD. reserved8. In the 1970s American economy began to experience an energy ______.A. dangerB. crisisC. disasterD. emergency9. More jobs are ______ for dock workers in free ports.A. accessibleB. availableC. obtainableD. convenient10. My secretary said she had made an ______ for me to see the sales manager at 5 o’clock tomorrow.A. appointmentB. interviewC. opportunityD. assignment11. She has been ______ twice since joining the company one year ago because of her excellent work.A. developedB. progressedC. advancedD. promoted12. In this factory skilled workers can get high ______.A. wagesB. incomeC. salaryD. money113. Get into the car. There’s ______ for three on the back seat.A. placesB. seatC. roomD. spot14. The building was restored at a ______ of $50,000.A. valueB. costC. expenseD. price15. We should ______ primary importance to the quality of the products.A. attachB. approachC. payD. spend（二）语法结构（15分）选择最佳答案完成句子，错选、多选或未选均无分。
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全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%) 1．“Negro”,once a euphemism for “_______”, is now an offensive racist term.（）A．a black man B．niggerC．an African D．black boy2．The expression that can be used as the euphemism for “gardener”is “_______”.（）A．landscape architect B．garden designerC．beautician D．botanist3．I may be back tonight; I’m not sure. _______,just make yourself at home.（）A．However B．Despite thisC．Either way D．Still4．He showed no pleasure at hearing the news. _______ he looked even gloomier.（）A．Alternatively B．I meanC．In addition D．Instead5．“他住在美国马萨诸塞州剑桥神德街2号”can be translated into _______.（）A．He lives at Divinity Avenue 2, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.B．He lives at Divinity Avenue 2 in Cambridge of Massachusetts, U.S.A.C．He lives at 2 Divinity Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.D．He lives in U.S.A, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Divinity Avenue 2.6．_______ is a weapon name.（）A．Brenda B．ArthurC．Rhoda D．Timothy7．When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say_______.（）A．“It’s very nice”B．“Where did you get it? This is really what I want”C．“It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much”D．“How much is it? Thank you very much”18．_______can be said as a reply to thanks.（）A．“You’re too polite.” B．“It’s my pleasure.”C．“It’s my duty.” D．“No.”9．To be sexy is to possess a _______ in English culture.（）A．vicious character B．narrow minded featureC．loose sex morality D．positive human quality10．“Propaganda”connotes _______, so it is a pejorative term in English.（）A．giving publicity to something B．exchanging useful knowledgeC．spreading biased information D．motivating people to do something11．The Chinese equivalent for“stop watch”is “跑表”,which reveals that the Chinese people lay stress on _______.（）A．the way in which it is usedB．the purpose for which it is usedC．the mechanic qualityD．the appearance by which people can recognize12．The English equivalent for “温室”is “greenhouse”,which reveals that the English speakers emphasize its _______.（）A．capacity B．physical characteristicC．function D．effectiveness13．The proverb“one falls into Scylla in seeking to avoid Charybdis”is related to _______.（）A．Christianity B．the BibleC．Greco-Roman civilization D．geography14．“A child who roams the street”can be referred to as _______.（）A．a Sherlock Holmes B．an Uncle TomC．a Don Juan D．an Oliver Twist15．“The Garden of Eden”is an allusion derived from_______.（）A．literature B．mythologyC．religion D．history16．“We’ve generated a lot of ideas this week”illustrates the metaphor that _______.（）A．ideas are food B．ideas are plantC．ideas are products D．ideas are commodities17．“Brown paper”corresponds to _______.（）A．秘密文件 B．棕色纸2C．揭露社会黑暗的报纸 D．牛皮纸18．Many legal terms in English are from _______ and French.（）A．Greek B．LatinC．Indian D．Romania19．To avoid ambiguity, _______ are seldom used in English documents.（）A．personal pronouns B．loan wordsC．long sentences D．learned words20．Beckoning another person to come is an example of _______. （）A．accenting B．complementingC．regulating D．substitutionⅡ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21．Even “the black people”is regarded as degrading word, for “black”has bad connotations.“_______”is the case in point.（）A．Black flag B．Black coalC．Black foot D．Black head22．It has been claimed that the flowery style of Chinese descriptive writing is related to _______the Chinese people are good at.（）A．artistic thinking B．deductive reasoningC．intuitive thinking D．dialectical reasoning23．Which of the following statements may be true? （）A．Branching and linear sentence patterns result from thinking patterns.B．Branching sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.C．Linear sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.D．Branching and linear sentence patterns can be related to emotional factors.24．Joyce Merrill Valdes is your colleague who is married. You can call her _______. （）A．Joyce B．MerrillC．Valdes D．Mrs. Valdes25．“To pull somebody’s leg”means _______.（）A．to tease somebody B．to let somebody lag behindC．to deceive somebody temporarily D．to prevent somebody from advancing26．“To ride one’s high horse”means _______.（）3A．to be glad B．to be haughtyC．to be arrogant D．to be confident27．Many English words refer to the historical aspects of English culture, such as _______.（）A．reformation B．lynchC．cocktail D．scalp28．In English culture,“red”can be associated with _______.（）A．celebrations B．embarrassment or shynessC．anger or excitement D．jealousy29．“Santa Clause”comes from _______.（）A．German B．FrenchC．Dutch D．Indian30．Chewing one’s finger nails signifies _______.（）A．emotional stress B．impatienceC．irritation D．worryⅢ.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31.“Human resource development”is the euphemism for “_________.”32.The connective “so”in “If they see that you’re blue, they’ll look down upon you. So why should I bother to care.”indicates a(n) _________ relation.33.A ball game played by pitchers, batters, catchers and fielders is _________.34.Morphemes can be classified into two categories: inflectional and _________ morphemes.35.The Chinese meaning of the English name Alexander is _________.36.John Bull is _________ personified.37.“Self-made man”,in American English at least, is a _________ term.38.The English proverbial equivalent for“谋事在人，成事在天”is “_________.”39.Weak though he looked, he was as brave as a _________,as all the playground bullies came to learn.40.Cultures that allow people to interact at a great distance are referred to as _________ cultures.41.In general English speakers touch significantly less frequently than speakers of _________ languages do in everydayconversation.42.The word in American English for “教职员”is“_________.”Ⅳ.Answer the following questions briefly.(12%)43.What does“a red letter day”mean in English culture?44.Does“a marriage of convenience”covey the same meaning as “送上门的婚姻”？45.What do English speakers do when they receive gifts?46.What is the American equivalent for the British word “maize”?47.What is the English equivalent for “隐形眼镜”？448.Give examples to show the differences in what can be advertised between English and Chinese culture. Ⅴ.Translation.(16%)49.久仰大名。