最新7月浙江自考语言与文化试题及答案解析

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7月文书学试题及答案解析浙江自考试卷及答案解析

浙江省2019年7月高等教育自学考试文书学试题课程代码：00524一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。

每小题1.5分，共33分)1.文书的发展和进化表现在两个方面，其一是文书的用途和格式，其二是( )。

A.阶级的出现B.文字的产生C.社会组织的形成D.文书的制成材料2.我国的文书工作，据史学界考证，在( )开始形成。

A.商朝B.新中国成立期间C.汉朝D.中华民国成立到国民党政府被推翻的三十多年间3.( )，指用于向上级机关汇报工作、反映情况、提出意见或建议、答复上级机关的询问。

A.请示B.报告C.公告D.办法4.某省人民政府向该省教育厅行文是( )。

A.上行文Ｂ.平行文C.下行文Ｄ.上行文或下行文5.文书的加工编辑、组织传阅、催办、查办、各环节的登记以及对文书的日常管理、提供利用等环节，属于( )。

A.文书管理B.文书传递C.文书的撰制D.文书办理6.基于文件生命周期理论，利用计算机及网络技术，从系统论角度出发，对文书工作和档案工作统筹规划，科学管理，使之系统化、规范化，以期发挥各自及总体最大效能。

此称( )。

A.文书工作标准化B.文书工作标准体系C.文书工作现代化D.文件、档案一体化管理7.文书工作现代化是一项系统工程，涉及方方面面的诸种因素，概括起来可归纳为：管理机制、( )和人员素质三个方面。

A.思维模式B.技术设备C.分散管理D.集中管理8.公文写作过程中，( )是指运用事实材料和逻辑推理的思维形式反映客观事物，分析其内在联系，提示本质与规律，直接阐明作者主张的一种表达方式。

1A.叙述表达方式B.说明表达方式C.议论表达方式D.形象表达方式9.公文撰写步骤一般包括：明确要求、( )、撰写提纲、选择材料、草拟文稿、修改润色等环节。

A.标点与注释B.整理与保管C.确定文种D.批语与增删10.文件中出现‘照办’、‘可行’、‘不可行’、‘同意’、‘原则同意’等用语，在公文专用词语中称( )。

7月浙江自考高级英语试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年7月自学考试高级英语试题课程代码：10005Part ⅠVocabulary(20%)Section A (20×0.5%=10%)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. He had to sell his home to pay his legal fees and was ______ to parking cars for money.( ) A. reduced B. introducedC. agreedD. expected2. Our vacation is ______ and we still can’t decide where to go. ( )A. goingB. approachingC. flyingD. keeping3. From the ______ way he behaves towards others you can tell that he was well raised in his family. ( )A. respectfulB. respectedC. respectableD. respective4. Though people all over the world have friends and enjoying friendship, the ______ of what a real friendship is may take quite varied forms in different cultures. ( )A. exceptionB. assumptionC. acceptationD. conception5. I have only had a ______ acquaintance with this Mr. Johnson you are talking about, so I am in no place to make judgment on his personality. ( )A. intimateB. hastyC. legitimateD. simple6. A forgiving person will not pay ______ someone who has done him wrong either intentionally or accidentally.( )A. forB. back1C. offD. clear7. She knew David was not good with words, and was rather touched by his clumsy attempt to comfort her. ( )A. stupidB. childishC. unskillfulD. useless8. Modern educationists recommend the teaching methods that ______ students in the learning process. ( )A. absorbB. participateC. mixD. involve9. The very evening she couldn’t wait to show the ring to her close friends and tell them that she ______ to Graham. ( )A. was engagingB. was engagedC. engagedD. would engage10. Although Asian countries are generally more ______ in social customs than Western countries, there have been several notable examples of women leaders in both China and India. ( ) A. conservative B. confidentialC. comprehensibleD. consistent11. Black people had to use separate bathrooms, train cars, churches, and restaurants: this act of ______ was accepted without much question in the past.( )A. segregationB. separationC. discriminationD. differentiation12. The revolutionist devoted his whole life to the ______ of freedom and happiness of his people.( ) A. perform B. prophetC. projectionD. pursuit13. Just composing the sentences is not all there is in an invitation, you also have to think about the ______: the color, the picture, the size and style of the letters, etc. ( )A. formatB. formationC. informationD. conformation14. The manager gave her his ______ that her complaint would be investigated. ( )2A. assuranceB. assumptionC. sanctionD. insurance15. The course has four main ______: business law, finance, computing and management skills.( ) A. commissions B. componentsC. compositionsD. compromises16. Greg has been a(n) ______ child and missed most of the fun in childhood. ( )A. illB. healthyC. sicklyD. lively17. By 3 o’clock the next morning the roaring storm ______ down and the sea resumed its generous and peaceful scene. ( )A. diedB. layC. flattedD. went18. The hardest things to get in a car accident, a ship ______, or an air crash, are the names of the saved, or the dead and injured.( )A. wreckB. wristC. wrapD. wrench19. A three-day tour isn’t sufficient for a thorough appreciation of Angkor, but it will give you a ______ of this magnificent work of wonder. ( )A. limpB. slipC. skipD. glimpse20. Due to different beliefs held by feminists, religion conservatives and other groups of people, abortion remains a ______ issue in North America. ( )A. controversialB. contradictoryC. compulsoryD. confidentialSection B (20×0.5%=10%)Directions: There are 20 sentences in this section. In each sentence there is a word or a phrase underlined. Below each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that can replace the underlined part of each sentence without changing the original meaning.321. It hasn’t rained in this area for an extremely long time and all the plants in the field are crying for water. ( )A. requestingB. dependingC. in big supply ofD. in great need of22. When asked what he was going to do about the fund problem, he gave a vague answer.( ) A. implicit B. explicitC. efficientD. infinite23. The article gives its readers a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.( )A. perceptionB. conceptionC. interpretationD. deception24. To everyone’s surprise, the main force of opposition has come from a group of property owners whom have been assumed to be in line with the proposal. ( )A. resistanceB. insistenceC. consistenceD. assistance25. We spoke in whispers in case that we might wake the baby. ( )A. in fearB. of fearC. for fearD. with fear26. Jack had been very excited about going on the jungle trip, but at the last moment he lost courage to do it. ( )A. lost his heartB. lost his mindC. lost his nervesD. lost his attentions27. Though never touched a brush until in his mid thirties, Leon became a quite outstanding painter by the time he was forty years old.( )A. outrageousB. assertiveC. distinguishedD. characteristic28. Clothing means totally different things to men and women: a perfect fine dress could be out of fashion within a few months but a suit could stay in style forever. ( )A. out of timeB. out of days4C. out of dateD. out of taste29. The whole argument comes down to the question if it is fair to regulate the industries in developing countries the same way as the more developed countries when it comes to environmental issues. ( )A. ends up withB. means in essenceC. stands forD. corresponds to30. At the sound of music the crowd instantly breaks down into couples and started to dance.( ) A. derives B. dividesC. devisesD. derides31. What freshmen have to understand is that the acceptance to one of the best universities is not an end but a start: now they must do as best as they can with their university education.( ) A. think the best of B. do the best ofC. get the best ofD. make the best of32. Right now is not a good time to ask the mayor for help in the project, as he has his mind fixed on the kindergarten teachers’ strike which has been going on for two weeks. ( )A. is disturbed byB. is motivated byC. is concerned withD. is preoccupied with33. Marie Curie’s whole life was devoted to the discovery and research of radioactive elements.( ) A. debated B. dedicatedC. decidedD. delegated34. No one should be allowed into that building until it is assured that it is clear of bombs.( ) A. obvious in B. aware ofC. in touch withD. free from35. The wisest thing to do is to cut off all his financial supply right off. ( )A. completelyB. definitelyC. accordinglyD. immediately536. A better marketing strategy need to be made and carried out if we want to produce more profit the next sales season. ( )A. bring upB. bring forthC. bring aboutD. bring to37. The second half of the coming chapter is in relation to the effect of currency control on national economy. ( )A. with regard toB. in relative toC. of limit toD. on level to38. For ten years a group of American scientists have been on the track of a new kind of energy resource which has the promise to solve the energy crisis facing the country. ( )A. looking forB. inventingC. improvingD. polishing39. When you walk into an exam room with only a few hours’ preparation done the night before, failure is almost unavoidable. ( )A. indispensableB. inevitableC. unpredictableD. incomprehensible40. His theory sounds logical, but then how can we know if it will work without testing it?( ) A. at that moment B. afterwardsC. on the other handD. as a resultPart II: Cloze (20×0.5%=10%)Directions: In the following passage there are 20 blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.When women do become managers, do they bring a different style and different skills to the job? Are they better, or worse, managers than men? Are women more highly-motivated and 41 than male managers? Some research 42 the idea that women bring different attitudes and skills to management jobs, such as greater 43 and emphasis on affiliation(亲和性) and attachment, and a 44 to bring emotional factors to bear in making workplace45 . These differences are 46 to carry advantages for companies, 47 they expand the range of techniques that can be used to 48 the company manage its workforce 49 .6A study commissioned by the international Women’s Forum 50 a management style used by some women managers (and also by some men) that 51 from the command and control style 52 used by male managers. Using this “interactive leadership”approach, “women 53 participation, share power and information, 54 other people’s self-worth, and get others excited about their work. All these 55 reflect their belief that allowing 56 to contribute and to feel 57 and important is a win-win 58 —good for the employees and the organization.”The study’s director 59 that “interactive leadership may emerge into the management style of choice for many 60 .”( )41. A. committed B. confronted C. confined D. commanded( )42. A. despises B. supports C. opposes D. argues( )43. A. coherence B. correlation C. combination D. cooperativeness( )44. A. sensitivity B. willingness C. virtue D. loyalty( )45. A. decisions B. detachments C. descriptions D. discriminations( )46. A. seen B. revised C. detected D. disclosed( )47. A. because B. whereas C. nonetheless D. therefore( )48. A. direct B. enable C. help D. support( )49. A. effectively B. evidently C. precisely D. aggressively( )50. A. constructed B. identified C. located D. invented( )51. A. discerns B. detaches C. differs D. deteriorates( )52. A. traditionally B. conditionally C. inherently D. occasionally( )53. A. engage B. dismiss C. encourage D. disapprove( )54. A. enlarge B. ignore C. degrade D. enhance( )55. A. things B. themes C. researches D. subjects( )56. A. men B. women C. managers D. everyone( )57. A. tasteful B. powerful C. thoughtful D. faithful( )58. A. circumstance B. status C. situation D. position( )59. A. defied B. predicted C. diagnosed D. proclaimed( )60. A. facilities B. communities C. organizations D. communicationsPart Ⅲ: Reading Comprehension (20×2%=40%)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions7or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully and decide on the best choice.(1)Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-literate”, in other words, to learn to understand computers and what makes them tick. Not all experts agree, however, that is a good idea.One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees, is David Tebbutt, the founder of Computertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to the people and make them “people-literate”.David first got the idea when he visited one of America’s best-known computer “guru”figure, Bob Albrecht，in the small university town of Palo Alto in Northern California. Albrecht had started a project called Computertown USA in the local library, and the local children used to call round every Wednesday to borrow some time on the computers there, instead of borrowing library books. Albrecht was always on hand to answer any questions and to help the children discover about computers in their own way.Over here, in Britain，Computertowns have taken off in a big way，and there are now about 40 scattered over the country. David Tebbutt thinks they are most successful when tied to a computer club. He insists there is a vast and important difference between the two, although they complement each other. The clubs cater for the enthusiasts, with some computer knowledge already, who get together and eventually form an expert computer group. This frightens away non-experts, who are happier going to Computertowns where there are computers available for them to experiment on, with experts available to encourage them and answer any questions; they are not told what to do, they find out.David Tebbutt finds it interesting to see the two different approaches working side by side. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to explain the answers to the questions that people really want to know. In some Computertowns there are question sessions, rather like radio phone-ins, where the experts listen to a lot of questions and then try to work out some structure to answer them. People are not having to learn computer jargons, but the experts are having to translate computer mysteries into easily8understood terms; the computers are becoming “people-literate”.61. According to David Tebbutt, the purpose of Computertown UK is to ______.( )A. train people to understand how computers workB. make more computers available to peopleC. enable more people to fix computers themselvesD. help people find out more about computers62. What does “people-literate”most probably mean?( )A. Being able to understand computers.B. Knowing the answers to the questions people have about computers.C. Being easy for people to understand and use.D. Being ready to teach people about computers.63. We learn from the passage that Computertown USA was a ______.( )A. townB. projectC. libraryD. school64. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?( )A. Computertowns in the UK have become popular.B. Computertowns and clubs cater for different people.C. Computertowns are more successful than clubs.D. It’s better that computertowns and clubs work together.65. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of computertowns?( )A. Experts give lectures and talks on computers.B. Experts are on hand to answer people’s questions.C. People are left to discover computers on their own.D. There are computers around for people to practise on.(2)I had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to officiate(主持) at two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died “full of years,”as the Bible would say; both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence (吊唁) calls on the9two families on the same afternoon.At the first home, the son of the deceased (已故的) woman said to me, “If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It’s my fault that she died.”At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, “If only I hadn’t insisted on my mother’s going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the abrupt change of climate, was more than she could take. It’s my fault that she’s dead.”When things don’t turn out as we would like them to, it is very tempting to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Priests know that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course-keeping Mother at home, postponing the operation —would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.The second element is the notion that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. Psychologists speak of the infantile myth of omnipotence (万能). A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that infantile notion that our wishes cause things to happen.66. What is said about the two deceased elderly women?( )A. They lived out a natural life.B. They died due to lack of care by family members.C. They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride.D. They weren’t accustomed to the change in weather.67. The author had to conduct the two women’s funerals probably because ______.( )A. he had great sympathy for the deceasedB. he wanted to console the two families10C. he was priest of the local churchD. he was an official from the community68. People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because ______.( )A. they believe that they were responsibleB. they had neglected the natural course of eventsC. they couldn’t find a better way to express their griefD. they didn’t know things often turn out in the opposite direction69. In the context of the passage, “... the world makes sense”(Line 2, Para, 4) probably means that ______.( )A. we have to be sensible in order to understand the worldB. everything in the world is predeterminedC. there’s an explanation for everything in the worldD. the world can be interpreted in different ways70. People have been made to believe since infancy that ______.( )A. every story should have a happy endingB. their wishes are the cause of everything that happensC. life and death is an unsolved mysteryD. everybody is at their command(3)Londoners are great readers. They buy vast numbers of newspapers and magazines and even of books—especially paperbacks, which are still comparatively cheap in spite of ever-increasing rises in the costs of printing. They still continue to buy “proper”books, too, printed on good paper and bound between hard covers.There are many streets in London containing shops which specialize in book-selling. Perhaps the best known of these is Charing Cross Road in the very heart of London. Here bookshops of all sorts and sizes are to be found, from the celebrated one which boasts of being “the biggest bookshop in the world”to the tiny dusty little places which seem to have been left over from Dickens’ time. Some of these shops stock, or will obtain, any kind of book, but many of them specialize in second-hand books, in art books, in foreign books, in books on philosophy, politics or any other of the numberless subjects about which books may be written. One shop in this area specializes solely in books about ballet!11Although it may be the most convenient place for Londoners to buy books, Charing Cross Road is not the cheapest. For the really cheap second-hand volume, the collectors must venture off the beaten track, to Farringdon Road, for example, in the East Central district of London. Here there is nothing so grandiose(壮观的) as bookshops. Instead, the booksellers come along each morning and tip out their sacks of books on to small barrows which line the gutters. And the collectors, some professional and some amateur, who have been waiting for them, plunge upon the dusty cascade. In places like this one can still, occasionally, pick up for a few pence an old volume that may be worth many pounds.Both Charing Cross Road and Farringdon Road are well-known haunts of the book buyer. Yet all over London there are bookshops, in places not so well known, where the wares are equally varied and exciting. It is in the sympathetic atmosphere of such shops that the ardent book buyer feels most at home. In these shops, even the lifelong book-browser is frequently rewarded by the accidental discovery of previously unknown delights. One could, in fact, easily spend a lifetime exploring London’s bookshops. There are many less pleasant ways of spending time!71. In the bookshops of Charing Cross Road you can get______.( )A. new books of any kindB. tiny dusty booksC. second-hand books on various subjectsD. both A and C72. The book-browser ______. ( )A. never gets tired of exploring London’s bookshopsB. has many other pleasant ways of spending timeC. always stays at home readingD. goes to bookshops to kill time every day73. According to the passage the best-known bookshops are ______.( )A. in the East Central districtB. throughout the cityC. in the outskirt of the cityD. in the center of the city74. This passage tells us that ______.( )A. Londoners have plenty of time to read booksB. Londoners are rich enough to buy various booksC. Londoners enjoy collecting and reading booksD. Londoners prefer second-hand books.1275. Where in London can a book collector most likely get a valuable book at a good price?( )A. Charing Cross RoadB. Farringdon RoadC. Bookstores all over LondonD. No place in London(4)Most English holidays have a religious origin. Easter is originally the day to commemorate(纪念) the Resurrection(复活) of Jesus Christ. But now for most people, Easter is a secular spring holiday, when everyone hopes to enjoy fine weather, when the days are lengthening fast, when trees are already in bud and leaf, and spring flowers appear, the most welcome of the year ——violets and primroses, daffodils and narcissi. For children, Easter means, more than anything else, Easter eggs or chocolate eggs!Real, natural eggs do not belong of course to single season of the year. They are eaten all the year round (Duck eggs are a rarity in England, and the eggs of smaller birds are rarer still, a luxury for the very rich and privileged). Eggs are everyday food ——inexpensive, nutritious, and especially good for breakfast. Their association with spring, when hens begin to lay after the winter, is older than the manufacture of chocolate eggs. In some places, real eggs are used in an Easter game called “eggrolling.”They are first hardboiled and then given to competitors to roll down a slope. The winner is the person whose egg gets to the bottom first. In some families, the breakfast eggs on Easter Sunday morning are boiled in several pans, each containing a different vegetable dye, so that when they are served the shells are no longer white or pale brown in color, but yellow or pink, blue or green. The dyes do not penetrate the shell of course.Most British children would be very disappointed if these were the only eggs they had at Easter. Chocolate Easter eggs are displayed in confectioners’(糖果店) shops as soon as Christmas is over. The smallest and simplest are inexpensive enough for children to buy with pocket money. These are of two sorts. V ery small ones, perhaps a little longer than an inch in length, are coated thinly with chocolate on the outside and filled with a sweet, soft paste, called fondant. They are wrapped in colored foil in a variety of patterns. Slightly larger eggs, a little bigger, as a rule, than a duck’s egg, are hollow. There is nothing inside at all ——just a wrapped chocolate shell. You break the shell and eat the jagged, irregular pieces.76. Easter is originally the day to ______.( )13A. mark the beginning of the springB. remember the rebirth of Jesus ChristC. sell chocolate eggsD. be enjoyed only by British children77. You cannot eat ______ all the year round.( )A. real natural eggsB. duck eggsC. the eggs of smaller birdsD. Both A and C78. How do the Easter eggs become colorful?( )A. The eggs are cooked with different vegetables.B. The eggs are painted with different colors.C. The eggs are boiled with different dyes.D. The eggs are laid by different colored hens.79. Confectionery begins to sell Easter sweets ______.( )A. when Easter startsB. as soon as Christmas is overC. in springD. all the year round80. What do the jagged pieces refer to?( )A. They refer to the chocolate shells of large eggs.B. They refer to the duck eggs.C. They refer to the sweet, soft pastes.D. They refer to varieties of patterns.Part Ⅳ: Translation (15%)Section A (2×3%=6%)Directions: Translate the two underlined sentences in the second passage into Chinese.81. There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens82. A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him.Section B (3×3%=9%)Directions: Translate the following three sentences into English.83. 早年成功固然甜蜜，但晚年的成功往往更有滋味。

浙江7月自考英语词汇学试题及答案解析2

浙江省2018年7月自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059将正确答案填在答题纸相应的位置上一、选择填空(每小题2分，共30分)请在下列各句后挑选一项正确的答案，使句子的结构完整，意思正确。

1. Borrowed words which still sound foreign and look foreign are _______.A. aliensB. denizensC. translational loansD. semantic loans2. The early inhabitants of the British Isles spoke ______.A. EnglishB. CelticC. ScandinavianD. Hellenic3. Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ______.A. derivational morphemesB. inflectional morphemesC. bound rootsD. free roots4. ______ is the basic form of a word that remains after the removal of all affixes.A. An inflectional affixB. A derivational affixC. A rootD. A stem5. Affixation is the formation of words by adding word-forming or ______ affixes to stems.A. derivationalB. inflectionalC. boundD. locative6. The word “motel”is formed by ______, meaning “motor hotel”.A. acronymyB. compoundingC. blendingD. clipping7. Grammatical meaning of a word becomes important only when it is used in ______.A. extra-linguistic contextB. non-linguistic contextC. actual contextD. lexical context8. ______ are words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only insound or spelling.A. HomographsB. HomonymsC. Perfect homonymsD. Homophones9. “Hate/love”are ______.A. contrary termsB. contradictory termsC. relative termsD. complementary antonyms10. The word “box”has changed its meaning from “container made of boxwood”into “any container”, theprocess of which is called_____.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation11. The attitude of classes has also made inroads into lexical meaning in the case of ______ or ______.A. extension, narrowingB. elevation, degradationC. extension, transferD. elevation, transfer12. The major functions of context exclude ______.A. elimination of ambiguityB. provision of clues for inferring word-meaningC. provision of rhetorical colouringD. indication of referents13. According to the criterion of grammatical functions, idioms may be classified into ______ groups.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five14. “Up and down”is ______ as rhetorical colouring.A. rhymeB. alliterationC. reiterationD. juxtaposition15. The main body of a dicitionary is ______ of words.A. usageB. definitionC. spellingD. pronunciation二、完型填空(每小题1分，共10分)请在下面一段文字后的各选项中，挑选一项正确的答案填入相应的空格内，使短文的结构完整，意思正确。

浙江2020年7月自考语言与文化试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年7月自考语言与文化试题课程代码：10058请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. Multiple Choice(45%)Directions: Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.1. Language is ______ in that there is no logical relationship between words and the objects these words are used to refer to.A. arbitraryB. symbolicC. vocalD.systematic2. In English“culture" is a loan word from ______.A. DutchB. FrenchC. SpanishD. Latin3. The medium of verbal interaction is ______.A. thoughtB. languageC. cultureD. communication4. The chief Christian feast on the first Sunday after the full noon that comes after the spring equinox is called ______.A. EasterB. St. Valentine’s DayC. Thanksgiving DayD. Boxing Day5. Connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning and collocative can be brought together under the heading ______ meaning.A. thematicB. associativeC. peripheralD. conceptual6. Such interjections as “aha”, “my God”, “oh”, “dear”are chiefly used to convey ______ meaning.A. collocativeB. affectiveC. thematicD. connotative7. In English culture young, middle-aged and old often correspond to ______.A. 18,40,60B. 18,30,50C. 18,35,55D. 18,45,658. Which of the following is considered an appropriate form of address in English culture?A. Director SmithB. Mayor BushC. Teacher JonesD. Manager Li9. “Goodbye”is derived from the expression______.A. “Good luck for you”B. “God bless you”C. “God be with you”D. “Looking forward to seeing you again”10. ______ can be said as a reply to thanks.A. It’s my dutyB. It’s my jobC. Nothing for thatD. You’re welcome11. When an English speaker picks up the phone，normally he would say ______.A. Hello，this is Mary speaking. Who is calling?B. Will you please tell me who you are?C. Will you please tell me whom you would like to speak to?D. Who are you?12. Which of the following reflects social amenities in English-speaking countries?A. Walk slowly, please.B. It’s my duty to help you.C. No. No. That’s not true.D. You’ve got a hard job.13. English idiom “look about”corresponds in meaning to ______ from French.A. seekB. despiseC. thinkD. examine14. When an Englishman says “I was only pulling your leg”he means: ______.A. I was only warning youB. I was only trying to prevent you from making progressC. I was only jokingD. I was only asking you for help15. “To make one’s flesh creep”means ______.A. to show no alarmB. to make surpriseC. to cause one to feel fearD. to make one uncomfortable16. A person who submits to indignities and sufferings without any thought or act of rebelling can be referred to as ______.A. a HamletB. a ShylockC. an Uncle TomD. a Frankenstein17. “To throw in the sponge”derived from______.A. card gamesB. boxingC. baseballD. football18. “I’m insane about her”illustrates the metaphor that ______.A. love is magicB. love is a patientC. love is madnessD. love is war19. “That idea won’t sell”illustrates the metaphor that ______.A. ideas are productsB. ideas are commoditiesC. ideas are moneyD. ideas are resources20. “A white Christmas”refers to ______.A. snow at Christmas timeB. purity at Christmas timeC. innocence at Christmas timeD. nothing done at Christmas time21. “Red rag”conveys roughly the same meaning as “waving a red flag”which means ______.A. doing something that could stop othersB. doing something that could cause other people’s attentionC. doing something that celebrate an event of happinessD. doing something that could cause quick anger in other people22. “Involuntarily leisured”is a euphemistic expression for ______.A. sickB. retiredC. unemployedD. handicapped23. “Chink”and “洋鬼子”are clear cases of ______.A. swear wordsB. sexist languageC. terms of humilityD. verbal taboos24. Deductive argumentation has been related to ______.A. the linear thinking patternB. the branching thinking patternC. deductive reasoningD. direct sentence25. Which style of oral English might be used for conducting most business matters?A. frozenB. formalC. consultativeD. casual26. The word in British English for “faculty”is ______.A. departmentB. stuffC. teacherD. staff27. Which of the following belongs to the British English dialect?A. flatB. candyC. scheduleD. drugstore28. ______ can be viewed as occurring whenever an individual communicates without the use of sounds.A. Nonverbal communicationsB. Facial expressionsC. GesturesD. Postures29. “Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger”signifies ______ in English culture.A. sadnessB. good luckC. respectsD. secrecy30. “I’m full”is signified in English culture by ______.A. an open hand, palm down, raised to one’s throatB. one or both open hands lightly patting one’s own stomachC. a raised open hand, palm forwardD. moving quickly his open hand, palm down, across his throatII. Gap Filling(15%)Directions: Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.1. Margaret Thatcher is a former leader of ______ Party in Great Britain.2. Words such as old，peasant，comrade，do-gooder and propaganda are ______ in meaning in English but positive or neutral in Chinese.3. Dog for male, female and young respectively is ______.4. The English equivalent for“跑表”is ______.5. “Rest room”corresponds to ______ in Chinese.6. The word endings such as “-s”, “-ed”“-ing”and “-er”are called ______.7. The English equivalent for “人不犯我，我不犯人”is ______.8. Holistic thinking interacts with Chinese，thus the ______ sentence pattern can be observed in Chinese.9. The proverb “rats deserts a sinking ship”is related to ______.10. “A Judas”alludes to a ______.11. ______ is something useless, seldom used, or too costly to be worth maintaining.12. The euphemistic expression “to be in a family way”means______.13. The British English equivalent for “ticket office”is ______.14. “Plough”is spelled in American English as ______.15. ______ created the victory gesture.Ⅲ. Translation (20%)A: Translate the following into Chinese1. a black sheep2. Man proposes, God disposes3. to put one’s foot in one’s mouth4. Continental Congress5. the marriage of true mindsB: Translate the following into English6. 捧腹大笑7. 一见钟情8. 英联邦国家9. 智者千虑，必有一失10. 敬请指正Ⅳ. Discuss the following topics. (20%)1. Can you explain the reasons why there are more honorifics in Chinese than in English?2. List several proverbs to discuss individualism in English culture.3. Why is it said that English is a language with explicit grammar and Chinese a language with implicit grammar? Discuss this linguistic contrast in relation to English and Chinese cultures.。

7月浙江自考语言与文化试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年7月自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：10058I. Multiple Choice (24%)Directions: Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.1．The first anthropological definition of culture was offered by the British scholar( ) A. Edward B. Tylor B. Howard Lee NostrandC. George MurdockD. Nelson Brooks2．A hot, freshly cooked sausage sandwiched in a split roll of bread is( ) A. Hot dog B. SandwichC. HamburgerD. Pudding3．Facilities where people get served without having to leave their cars is called( ) A. drive-ins B. motelsC. dinersD. hotels4．“Disinterested”corresponds to ( )A. 公正的B. 不感兴趣的C. 讨厌的D. 无聊的5.The first week day after Christmas，a legal holiday in England is called( ) A. Thanksgiving Day B. Boxing DayC. EasterD. Anzac Day6. Deductive argumentation has been related to ( )A. the linear thinking patternB. the branching thinking patternC. paratactic featuresD. direct personality7．“Laura”means ( )in Chinese.A. 月桂B. 劳拉C. 常青藤D. 百合8．“Henry”means ( ) in Chinese.A. 亨利B. 快乐C. 勇敢D. 家庭统治者9．( )can be said as a reply to thanks.A.“ It’s my duty”.B. “It’s my job”.C. “Nothing for that”.D. “You’re welcome”.10．When your English hostess asks you “would you like some more of this dish?”, your answer should be ( ) if you want.A.“Yes, please”.B. “Thank you”.C. “Yes, thank you”.D. “OK”.11．“My knee only hurts when I dance, that’s because I have two left feet”. The last sentence means ( )A. that’s because I have to be independentB. that’s because I have recove red after an illnessC. that’s because I dance swiftlyD. that’s because I am too clumsy12．“To make a cat laugh”is synonymous to ( )A. to be specially ludicrousB. to cause one to feel loathingC. to make a jokeD. to create a wonder13．“To keep one’s nose clean”is the same meaning with ( )A. to keep out of troubleB. to be fond of cleannessC. to separate from othersD. to feel fresh air14．“From whipping post to pillory”is related to( )A. individualismB. English literatureC. the history of EnglandD. Bible15．“Hit and run”derived from( )A. baseballB. footballC. horse racingD. boxing16. “That idea won’t sell” illustrates the metaphor that( )A. ideas are productsB. ideas are commoditiesC. ideas are moneyD. ideas are resources17. “Waving a red flag” means ( )A. doing something that could stop othersB. doing something that could cause other people’s attentionC. doing something that celebrates an event of happinessD. doing something that could cause quick anger in other people18. “A black spot” is a place ( )A. where unpleasant things occur regularly and without chance of improvementB. where everything is decorated in black colorC. where people use to honor something or somebodyD. where people are due to have bad fortune19. The Chinese equivalent for “blue film” is( )A. 伤感电影B. 黄色电影C. 蓝色电影D. 暴力电影20. “Red blooded” corresponds to ( )A. 精力充沛的B. 现行犯的C. 共产党人的D. 红色政权的21. “( ) ” can be got as a reply when you ask an English speaker questions such as “how old are you?”, etc.A. None of your businessB. I’m afraid I can’t tell youC. I’m thirty, thank youD. I’m sorry I don’t remember22．It is often said that Chinese learners of English speak( ) English because they learn it mainly through reading.A. bookishB. excellentC. standardD. common23．In American English “cookie”is a loan word from Dutch, meaning ( ) in Chinese.A. 炊具B. 厨师C. 曲奇饼干D. 厨房24. “Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger” signifies() in English speaking countries.A. good luckB. sadnessC. respectsD. secrecyII. Gap-filling (10%)Directions: Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.1．There are more than four hundred words for camel in Arabic while there is only one word for it in English or Chinese. It reflects such fact that language is strongly influenced and shaped by _______ .2．The Federal legislature of the USA is_______ .3．The word in British English for “corn”is _______ .4．The contrast between grammatical explicitness in English and grammatical implicitness in Chinese may bebrought about by different _______ traditions of English speaking countries and China.5．English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a _______ language.6．_______ refers to a meek person who submits to indignities and sufferings without any thought or act of rebelling.7．The English equivalent for “对牛弹琴”is “_______ ”.8．The English equivalent for “黑货”is “_______ ”.9．“_______”refers to a strike breaker, someone who accepts work in place of strikers.10．The English speakers who expect a text to be developed_______ may find it difficult to follow a spirally developed text.III. Define the following terms (20%)1．Individualism2．Taboos3．Coherence and cohesion4．Public territoryIV. Translation (16%)1．Red hunter2．Orthodox Eastern Church3．A marriage of convenience4．Even reckoning makes long friends.5．智者千虑，必有一失6．红茶7．白手起家的人8．白菜V.Discuss the following topics (30%)1．How do English speakers bid farewell to one another? What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese farewell?2．What are the English euphemisms for “lavatory”?3．How do you understand the statement that English speakers prefer deductive argumentation while Chinese speakers prefer inductive argumentation when producing argumentative texts?。

浙江7月自考现代汉语试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年7月高等教育自学考试现代汉语试题课程代码：00535一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。

每小题1分，共20分)1.从语言学角度看，口语和书面语的差别主要在( )方面。

A.词语的使用上B.句子的长度上C.结构的完整与否D.风格2.从( )的有无上，可以反映出现代汉语与其他语言在语音上的差别。

A.元音B.辅音C.声调D.音节3.元音i与u的区别主要是由于( )造成的。

A.音高B.音色C.音强D.音长4.普通话语音里最小的单位是( )。

A.音素B.音节C.音位D.韵母5.下列( )词语在拼音时需要使用隔音符号。

A.西安B.下雨C.排污D.老爷6.下列音节中都属于零声母音节的是( )。

A.跳舞B.安徽C.五味D.温州7.“米老鼠”一词连读时前两个音节的声调的实际调值是( )。

A.半上、半上B.半上、阳平C.阳平、半上D.阳平、阳平8.下列给“乘车”所作的拼音形式完全正确的是( )。

A.céngchēB.chéngcēC.chèngchēD.chéngchē9.下列成语中有错别字的是( )。

A.按部就班B.水到渠成C.一愁莫展D.乘风破浪10.下面的形声字中，形旁已完全不能表意的是( )。

A.鲸、杯B.江、河C.怨、恨D.课、桌11.下列判断中，( )不是熟语的特征。

A.具有短语的属性B.意义有整体性C.格式和构成成分比较固定D.功能相当于词12.从构词法来说，“灿烂”与下面( )是相同的类型。

A.学习B.徘徊C.动静D.反正13.下列词中都是外来词的一组是( )。

1A.基因、电灯B.葡萄、民主C.沙发、电脑D.引擎、T-恤14.下列加点的字属于词缀的是( )。

A.砖头．B.虾子．（zǐ）C.烟头．D.变化．15.下列所列语法特点中，( )条是不属于形容词的。

A.一般能做谓语B.能受副词修饰C.能做定语D.能与介词结合构成介词短语16.下列短语中属于述宾短语的是( )。

浙江7月高等教育自学考试现代汉语基础试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年7月高等教育自学考试现代汉语基础试题课程代码：00854一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。

每小题1分，共20分)1.下列普通话的声母属于唇齿音的是( )A.ｐB.ｆC.ｔD.ｈ2.下列词语注音错误的是( )A.木材ｍùｃáｉB.新村ｘīｎｃｈūｎC.主力ｚｈǔｌìD.无赖ｗúｌàｉ3.“惩前毖后”的“惩”应读作( )A.ｃｈèｎB.ｃｈéｎｇC.ｚｈéｎｇD.ｚｈěｎｇ4.下列词语中，“答”读作“ｄá”的是( )A.答理B.答腔C.答案D.答应5.“好酒”中的“好”，变调为( )A.阴平B.阳平C.上声D.去声6.下列语素中只能同其他语素结合成词的是( )A.定B.众C.病D.行7.下列联绵词中属于双声词的是( )A.霹雳B.参差C.从容D.玫瑰8.下列汉语外来词属于译音兼译意的是( )A.戈壁B.沙丁鱼C.幽默D.迪斯科9.“夸父逐日”这个成语来源于( )A.神话寓言B.历史故事C.诗文语句D.口头俗语10.下列成语属于兼语型的是( )A.守株待兔B.体贴入微C.重整旗鼓D.按兵不动11.下列词类属于实词的是( )A.状态词B.副词C.连词D.介词12.“对”属于( )A.副词B.介词C.助词D.连词13.“日本兵的马队和大批伪军地开进了赵家庄”。

划线处应为( )A.大张旗鼓B.浩浩荡荡C.气势汹汹D.声势浩大14.“凡是愿意留下的，再不许强拿人家一草一木”，其修辞手法为( )A.比喻B.借代C.比拟D.夸张15.“被铁道部评为部级先进单位的××次特快列车乘务组，除主动、热情服务外，_____ ，及时反映各类旅客的不同意见，然后根据这些意见，开展多样化的服务活动。

”划线处最恰当的是( )A.还从每节车厢内推选出一至两位乘客代表B.还由每节车厢民主推选一至两位乘客代表C.还让每节车厢推选一至二人当乘客代表D.还在每节车厢中推选一至二名乘客作代表16.下列汉字属于独体字的是( )A.事B.风C.用D.是17.“切”的笔画共有( )A.3画B.4画C.5画D.6画18.下列成语中含有错别字的是( )A.含辛茹苦B.虎视眈眈C.陈词烂调D.荒诞不经19.“一本书少则数万字，多则数十万甚至数百万字。

7月浙江自考中外民俗试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年7月自学考试中外民俗试题课程代码：00199一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.满族过去一年四季都穿袍服，袍服中最具有特色的是()A.斜襟长袍B.旗袍C.夹袍D.单袍2.和服是日本人的传统服装，种类繁多，因性别、年龄及穿着场合而异，其中20岁的姑娘在成人节时穿的和服叫()A.振袖B.留袖C.纹衫D.带包3.法国人的服装色彩多为灰色、()A.绿色和白色B.黑色和蓝色C.白色和蓝色D.白色和黑色4.人类居住方式发展演变的轨迹是()A.风篱、帐篷—穴居、巢居—窑洞、干栏式、庭院式B.风篱、帐篷—窑洞、干栏式、庭院式—穴居、巢居C.穴居、巢居—窑洞、干栏式、庭院式—风篱、帐篷D.穴居、巢居—风篱、帐篷—窑洞、干栏式、庭院式5.流行于陕西、安徽、云南等地，尤其以云南最为盛行的传统民居是()A.四合院B.围楼C.窑洞D.“一颗印”6.______为蒙古式的交通工具。

()A.驯鹿B.雪橇C.勒勒车D.牛帮7.澳大利亚土人喜欢使用的交通工具是()1A.牛皮船B.“贡多拉”小船C.树皮船D.汽船8.______是全国旱粮及油料、棉花等经济作物的主产区，也是我国最大的温带水果与干果产区。

()A.东北区B.黄淮地区C.黄土高原区D.西南区9.工艺美术产生于()A.原始社会B.奴隶社会C.封建社会D.近现代社会10.金属工艺中和中国的景泰蓝并称为姊妹花的是()A.铁画B.七宝烧C.花丝D.青铜器11.在婚姻礼仪中，有“同姓不婚”规定的国家或地区是()A.日本B.中国大陆C.台湾D.越南12.同欧洲其他国家一样，______青年男女大多在教堂里举行婚礼仪式。

()A.意大利B.法国C.英国D.德国13.泼水节，亦称浴佛节，是______人民古老的传统节日。

()A.彝族B.维吾尔族C.藏族D.傣族14.在西方信仰世界中最忌讳的数字是()A.4B.5C.9D.1315.下列不属于伊斯兰教禁忌的是()A.禁食猪肉B.禁食自死物C.禁食血液D.禁烟二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

7月浙江自考英语词汇学试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年7月自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：10059I. Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternatives. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (15%, 1 point for each)1. The Norman Conquest in 1066 introduced a large number of _____ words into the English vocabulary.A. LatinB. GreekC. DanishD. French2. According to the textbook, the general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over _____.A. 500,000B. 1,000,000C. 200,000D. 2,000,0003. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels:_____.A. creation, conversion and borrowingB. creation, semantic change and borrowingC. creation, borrowing and back-formationD. semantic change, borrowing and back-formation4. Which of the following is NOT true?_____A. A word is a sound unity.B. A word has a given meaning.C. A word can be used freely in a sentence.D. A word is the smallest form of a language.5. Of the five characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is _____.A. all national characterB. productivityC. polysemyD. collocability6. The meanings of etymologically motivated words relate directly to their _____.A. semantic changeB. the morphemes combinedC. originsD. word-formation7. The differences between synonyms boil down to the three areas: _____.A. denotation, connotation and intensityB. connotation, intensity and applicationC. denotation, connotation and applicationD. connotation, implication and application8. _____ of meaning is the process by which words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.A. ExtensionB. ElevationC. NarrowingD. Degradation9. Words like cuckoo, ping-pong are _____ motivated.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically10. Antonyms are often used in proverbs to _____.A. express ideas economicallyB. express ideas easilyC. form metaphorsD. form antithesis to achieve emphasis11. Associative meaning, according to GLeech, comprises four types, they are _____.A. connotative, stylistic, affective and collocativeB. connotative, stylistic, affective and lexicalC. connotative, stylistic, affective and grammaticalD. connotative, stylistic, affective and conceptual12. The development of word meaning from monosemy to polysemy follows two courses:_____.A. radiation and narrowingB. concatenation and wideningC. radiation and concatenationD. radiation and widening13. Unlike reference, sense denotes the relationships _____.A. outside the languageB. inside the languageC. with the meaningD. between the language and the world14. According to the textbook, the best-known unabridged dictionary is _____.A. The World Book DictionaryB. The Encyclopedia AmericanaC. Webster’s New World DictionaryD. Webster’s Third New International Dictionary15. Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary ( CCELD) (1987) has such unique features as _____.A. definition, usage examples and language notesB. definition, extra column and usage examplesC. definition, extra column and language notesD. definition, usage examples and clear grammar codesII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (20%, 2 points for each)16.( ) English is more closely related to German than French.17.( ) A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be analyzed without total loss of identity.18.( ) Suffixes have only a small semantic role, their primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems.19.( ) Lexical meaning and associative meaning make up the word-meaning.20.( ) Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives, and verbs. The most productive, however, is the conversion that takes place between nouns and adjectives.21.( ) Of the five groups of idioms, idioms nominal in nature are the largest group.22.( ) Motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.23.( ) Homonyms come mainly from borrowing, changes in sound and spelling, and dialects.24.( ) The unmarked term of an antonymous pair often covers the meaning of the marked.25.( ) Extension of meaning, also known as generalization, is the name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo.III. Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to the sense relations. (10%, 126. ( ) 27. ( ) 28. ( ) 29. ( ) 30. ( )31. ( ) 32. ( ) 33. ( ) 34. ( ) 35. ( )IV. Complete the following statements with proper expressions according to the textbook. (10%, 2 points for each)36. There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and _____.37. The language used between 450 and 1150 is called _____, which has a vocabulary of 50,000 to 60,000.38. Semantic motivation refers to the mental _____ suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.39. The words which are fully identical in meaning are called _____ synonyms.40. Words may fall into the basic word stock and _____ vocabulary by use frequency.V. Study the following words and decide how each word is formed. (10%, 2 points for each)Example: disobey(Affixation)41. honeybee ( )42. disco ( )43.donate ( )44. AIDS ( )45. autocide ( )VI. Answer the following questions. (20%, 5 points for each)46. Why are free morphemes and free roots identical?47. How do you understand semantic motivation?48. What are the functions of context?49. In what ways do compounds differ from free phrases?VII. Analyze and comment on the given sentences. Pick out the idiom in the sentence, and point out its structure, grammatical function and figure of speech. (15%)50. Look at Mary. She’s eating like a horse!。

浙江7月高等教育自学考试现代汉语试题及答案解析

每小题1分，共20分)1. 推广普通话的重点在于( )A. 语法B. 词汇C. 修辞D. 语音2. 按照方言分区，四川成都话属于( )方言。

A. 北方B. 吴C. 湘D. 粤3. 音节“jiē”与“gē”中的“ｅ”是( )A. 同一个音素B. 不同的音素C. 同一个音位D. 同一个元音4. 下列辅音中都是浊辅音的是( )A. b、pB. m、gC. r、ngD. zh、j5. 下列韵母中都是二合复韵母的是( )A. jiù、màiB. hào、lúnC. xuě、jiàD. gui、zhōu6. 下列词语中，“一”音变为阳平的是( )A. 一本、一块B. 一手、一张C. 一天、一切D. 一道、一杠7. 在语音的属性中，( )是其本质属性。

A. 物理属性B. 生理属性C. 地理属性D. 社会属性8. 普通话音节结构中，下面( )成分是不可缺少的。

A. 韵腹B. 辅音声母C. 韵头D. 韵尾9. 下列语言单位中，( )是短语。

A. 电脑B. 大纲C. 键盘D. 大河10. 下面四句话中，( )中加线的词最能体现词义的模糊性。

A. 你明天早上再来吧。

B. 别逗他了，他都要哭了。

C. 小王很不高兴。

D. 天快要亮了。

11. 下列词语中，不属于同音词的一组是( )A. 上午、晌午B. 别(说)、别(校徽)C. 礼貌、礼帽D. 加法、家法12. 短语“关心的是他母亲”歧义的原因是( )A. 词的多义B. 结构层次不同C. 结构关系不同D. 语义关系不同13. 从功能特征上看，“小丽的聪明”属于( )短语。

A. 主谓B. 动词性C. 偏正D. 名词性14. 下列词语重叠后行为或属性程度一定会有所加强的是( )A. 尝试B. 说C. 雪白D. 大15. 下列句子中含有插说语的是( )句。

7月全国自学考试现代汉语自考试题及答案解析

全国2018年7月自学考试现代汉语试题课程代码：00535一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。

每小题1分，共20分)1.按照方言分区，南京话应属于（）方言区。

A.吴B.赣C.湘D.北方2.联合国规定的六种工作语言，除了英语、法语、俄语、西班牙语和阿拉伯语外，还有（）。

A.德语B.汉语C.日语D.印度语3.在人类发音器官中，发音时气流的共鸣器官是（）。

A.肺部和器官B.声带C.喉头D.口腔和鼻腔4.听感上最容易分辨出来的自然语音单位是（）。

A.音素B.音位C.音节D.音质5.普通话辅音中，（）既可以充当声母，也可以做韵尾。

A.nB.zC.bD.ng6.下列音节中的韵母都属于后响复韵母的是（）。

A.号召B.菜芽C.火锅D.虐待7.下列（）句中“啊”的音变结果与“快唱啊！”中的“啊”一样。

A.看啊！B.要小心啊！C.写的多好啊！D.多难为情啊！8.汉字能长期存在下来的一个根本原因是（）。

A.它保存了我们民族极为丰富的文化遗产B.它同汉语相适应，能极好地记录汉语C.它在维护我们这样一个多方言国家的统一上起过积极作用D.它是视觉符号9.汉字“蒋”共有（）个部件。

A.2B.3C.4D.510.下面四句话中，对“词汇”一词意义理解正确的是（）。

A.这一课共有13个词汇B.词汇包括语言中所有的词C.词汇除了词以外，还包括固定结构，如成语等D.歇后语是句子，所以不属于词汇11.下面四组同义词中，（）组和“天气——气候”组在区别特征上类型相同。

A.湖-湖泊B.食物-食品C.拿-捏D.突然-忽然12.下面成语中，有错别字的是（）。

A.莫明其妙B.心怀叵测C.釜底抽薪D.莫衷一是13.下面几个句子中的“的”是语气词的是（）。

A.我的书丢了B.车是他的C.说的比唱的好听D.我来过这里的14.方位名词与一般名词相比，在功能上的特殊性表现在（）。

A.能单独做主语B.能直接放在动词前做状语C.能做定语D.能直接做谓语15.下面词语中，（）是区别词。

浙江7月自考英语词汇学试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年7月自考英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%)1. At the United States Embassy on May 22nd at 3:30pm, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)and Global Village of Beijing (GVB) will introduce their production of a 9 part agricultural video series to be broadcast on Chinese Central Television (CCTV) Summer 2002.The underlined word here is a/an ( ).A. verbB. adjectiveC. nounD. adverb2. Roget's International Thesaurus is a ( ).A. notebookB. textC. words bookD. dictionary3. “-tion”, “-ing”, and “-s”belong to ( ).A. affixesB. suffixesC. rootsD. stems4. “Gay”is a synonym of ( ).A. joyfulB. joyC. joylessD. homosexual5. Of the modes of word meaning changes, ( ) are the most common.A. elevation and transferB. extension and narrowingC. degradation and transferD. narrowing and degradation6. Holiday-making is a ( ) motivated word.A. semanticallyB. etymologicallyC. onomatopoeticallyD. morphologically7. In the idiom “all ears”, ( ) is used.A. metaphorB. synecdocheC. metonymyD. euphemism8. “East/west”are ( ) antonyms.A. notB. contradictoryC. contraryD. relative9. “Look forward to”is an idiom ( ) in nature.A. adverbialB. verbalC. nominalD. adjectival10. ( ) is used in particular discipline and academic areas.A. SlangB. JargonC. TerminologyD. Argot11. Extra-linguistic context excludes ( ).A. clausesB. timeC. placeD. people12. The main body of a dictionary is ( ) of words.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. usageD. definition13. They saw her duck. This sentence is ambiguous because “duck”is ( ).A. ambiguousB. a nounC. a verbD. either a noun or a verb14. Associative meaning does not contain ( ) meaning.A. grammaticalB. stylisticC. connotativeD. affective15. Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: and .( )A. stylistic/collocativeB. pejorative/appreciativeC. adjectival/adverbialD. nominative/substantive16. Compounds and derived words are multi-morphemic and the meanings of many are the sum total of the( )combined.A. rootsB. stemsC. morphsD. morphemes17. In spite of the disagreement between sound and form, ( ) of the English words fit consistent spellingpatterns.A. at least 90%B. at least 70%C. at least 80%D. 60%18. Linguistic context may cover the following except ( ).A. a paragraphB. a whole chapterC. the entire bookD. participants19. Absolute synonyms are ( )A. rareB. numerousC. commonD. popular20. Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping?( )A. Lab.B. Cent.C. Zoo.D. Ad.Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.(10%) 21. As is stated in Encyclopedia Americana, “The English language has vast debts. In any dictionary some________ % of the entries are borrowed. ““22. ________ are affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships.23. When a connection has been established between the linguistic sign and ________does the sign becomemeaningful.24. The development of word-meaning from monosemy to polysemy follows twocourses, traditionally known as________ and concatenation.25.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is________ context.Ⅲ.Match the words in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) rhetorical features of the idioms;2)sense relations;3)assimilation degree; 4)characteristics of the basic word stock and motivation.(10%)A B26.poison (a drink) ( )a part and parcel27.terminology ( ) b extension28.alliteration ( )c The Pocket English-Chinese Gem29.aliens ( )d metaphor30.arm in arm ( )e Balto-Slavic31. juxtaposition ( )f repetition32. black sheep ( )g narrowing33. pocket dictionary ( )h weal and woe34. companion (a company) ( )I borrowed words35. Czech ( )j special lexicologyⅣ.Define the following terms.(15%)36. Basic Word Stock37. Motivation38. Homonym39. Idiom40. Desk dictionariesⅤ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.(15%)41. How would you explain the difference between prefixation and suffixation?42. Explain the difference between Reference and Sense.43. Explain the difference between encyclopedic dictionaries and encyclopedia dictionaries.Ⅵ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.(20%) 44. Study the following dialogue and explain the rhetoric use.“Why is Sunday the strongest day?”“Because all the others are week days.”45. Analyse the following forms and comment.Easy come, easy go.More haste, less speed.here and theregive and take。

7月浙江自考中外文学史论试题及答案解析

浙江省2018年7月自学考试中外文学史论试题课程代码：01146一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.“楚辞”这一名词最早出现于( )A.春秋时期B.战国时期C.汉文帝时期D.汉武帝时期2.《孽海花》的作者是( )A.李伯元B.吴沃尧C.刘鹗D.曾朴3.吴荪甫的形象出自( )A.《子夜》B.《蚀》C.《春蚕》D.《林家铺子》4.李季的民歌体长篇叙事诗是( )A.《漳河水》B.《王贵与李香香》C.《赶车传》D.《王九诉苦》5.周立波的著名小说是( )A.《铁木前传》B.《不能走那条路》C.《山乡巨变》D.《三里湾》6.被誉为“新时期报告文学繁荣的报春花”的《哥德巴赫猜想》的作者是( )A.徐迟B.黄宗英C.陈祖芬D.乔迈7.被誉为台湾现代派小说旗手的作家是( )A.白先勇B.王文兴C.陈若曦D.欧阳子8.“荷马时代”文学的主要成就是( )A.抒情诗B.戏剧1C.寓言D.史诗9.17世纪欧洲古典主义文学的主要特点是( )A.强调人的价值，反对神权，主张个性解放B.推崇古代，歌颂开明君主，维护国家统一C.注重情感，歌颂理想和大自然D.主张客观真实，揭露现实社会中的弊端10.18世纪英国小说的最高成就是( )A.《鲁滨逊漂流记》B.《格列佛游记》C.《汤姆·琼斯》D.《帕米拉》11.塑造“多余人”形象的作品是( )A.《驿站长》B.《当代英雄》C.《上尉的女儿》D.《黑桃皇后》12.长篇小说《父与子》、《罗亭》的作者是( )A.普希金B.果戈理C.屠格涅夫D.冈察洛夫13.下列剧本作者不是．．易卜生的是( )A.《黑暗的势力》B.《人民公敌》C.《群鬼》D.《玩偶之家》14.尼洛夫娜的形象出自高尔基的小说( )A.《伊则吉尔老婆子》B.自传体三部曲C.《克里姆·萨姆金的一生》D.《母亲》15.泰戈尔获得诺贝尔文学奖的时间是( )A.1903年B.1913年C.1923年D.1933年二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

浙江7月自考语言与文化试题及答案解析

浙江省 2018 年 7 月自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码： 10058Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement(20%).1.The relationship between language and culture is that _____.A. language determines cultureB. culture determines languageC. language and culture are parallelD. language and culture interact2.Body language normally includes ______.A.gesturesB.gestures, facial expression, distance held between interlocutorsC.facial expressionD.distance held between interlocutors3.While “handsome woman ” and“pretty woman” are both acceptable, they suggest different kinds of attractiveness because of the ______ associations of these two objectives.A. collocativeB. affectiveC. connotativeD. thematic4.Trinity refers to union in one Godhead of three persons, Father, Son and ______A. PuritanB. GodC. Holy ghostD. Ghost5.A hot, freshly cooked sausage sandwiched in a split roll of bread is.A. hot dogB. sandwichC. hamburgerD. pudding6.Facilities where people get served without having to leave their cars called ______.A. drive-insB. motelsC. dinnersD. hotels7.A game played on horseback by two teams of 3 or 4 players is called ______.A. poloB. hockeyC. golfD. rugby8.Donkeywork conveys the similar meaning in Chinese ______.A. 让驴干的活B.不是驴干的活C.苦役D.笨活9.Deductive argumentation has been related to ______A. the linear thinking patternB. the branching thinking patternC. deductive reasoningD. direct sentence10.“ Lily ” means ______ in Chinese.A. 莉莉B. 百合C.石南花D. 牡丹11.“Edgar” means ______ in Chinese.A. 华美的矛B. 埃德加C.武器之王D. 矛之王12.In English speaking countries you usually introduce ______, not the other way round.A. a woman to a manB. a man to a womanC. an old man to a young womanD. an old woman to an young man13.English speakers usually give small gifts to ______ on his or her birthday.A. a new acquaintanceB. a good friendC. a public servantD. a casual friend14.If you are looking forward to something, you ______.A. expect it to happenB. make some progressC. dislike itD. are afraid of it15.English idiom “ look at ” corresponds in meaning to ______ from Latin.A. inspectB. watchC. respectD. read16.“ My knee only hurts when I dance, that because’s I have two left feet” .The last sentence means ______.A. that ’s because I have to be independentB. that ’s because I have recovered after an illnessC. that’s because I dance swiftlyD. that ’s because I am too clumsy17.“ A big fish in a small pond” means ______.A. 小池塘养大鱼B. 鸡窝里飞出金凤凰C.人小干大事D. 鹤立鸡群18.“ To keep one’s own company ” means ______.A. not mixed with others in a friendly or social wayB. to be independentC. to be selfishD. to be egocentric19.“ Let me put in my two cent ’s worth ” means ______A. let me speakB. let me sleepC. let me readD. let me laugh20.“ A green Christmas ” refers to ______.A. a Christmas with vigor and energyB. a Christmas full of jealousyC. a Christmas without snowD. a Christmas with fruit and vegetablesⅡ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one to four correct answers.(10%)1.Words positive in meaning in English but pejorative or neutral in Chinese are ______.A. aggressiveB. self-made manC. individaualismD. equlitarianism or egalitarianism2.“ Attain ” ,“ acquire” ,and “obtain ” came from ______.A. FrenchB. English originC. Old NorseD. Latin3.There is truth in that ______.A. in Chinese we do have to use explicit formal markers to convey the passive meaning.B. implicit passive sentences are used frequently in Chinese.C. the obligatory explicit grammatical markers are larger in number in English than in ChineseD. the obligatory explicit grammatical markers are used more frequently in English than in Chinese4.It is quite common for students to call their professor ______.A. RobertB. Professor HarrisonC. Robert HarrisonD. Professor Robert5.Normally English people give small gifts to ______ at Christmas.A. good friendsB. their childrenC. casual acquaintancesD. public servants6.“ To knock out ” means ______.A. to make unconsciousB. to finish somethingC. to make inoperativeD. to make useless7.______illustrate(s)the metaphor that life is a gambling game.A. The odds are against meB. He is a real loserC. I ’m charmed by herD. She is besieged by suitors8.The red color is usually associated with ______.A. celebrationsB. communismC. certain emotions such as anger, shynessD. blood shedding9.______is (are) taboo(s)in either English or Chinese.A. Swear wordsB. Profane oathsC. Obscene wordsD. Privacy10.Deductive refers to ______.A. reasoning from the general to the particularB. reasoning from the particular to the generalC. the main thesis preceding the supporting informationD. the supporting information preceding the main thesisⅢ.Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression(12%).1.______is the supreme legislative body of the U.K.2.A dark-leaved evergreen plant whose white or purple flower blossom during winter months is called ______.3.A sweet dish typically composed of fruit and flour and fat, boiled or steamed, or of fruit baked with pastry is called ______.4.Staring,or gazing, in Chinese culture, shows one ’s curiosity while in English culture,is considered impolite and ______.5.The Chinese equivalent for“ Lover” is ______.6.The word in American English for“ mackintosh is ______.7.The word in American English for“ timetable” is ______.8.The word in British English for“firecracker” is ______.9.______means a cattle herder on a ranch, especially, one who works on horseback.10.______relations refer to constructions whose components are linked in meaning through the use of conjunctions.11.The English equivalent for“人不犯我，我不犯人”is ______.12.______refers to paradise, derived from the garden in which Adam and Eve lived.Ⅳ.Answer the following questions briefly.(12%)1.What ’s the difference between “ spiritual ” and “精神” in relation to their connotative meaning?2.How to translate“ busybody” into Chinese?3.What ’s the English equivalent for“趁热打铁” ?4.Can“李处长” be translated to “Director Li ”?5.What is“ Chauvinism” about?6.How would you explain in relation to culture the metaphorical statement“ He’s as timid as a mouse”?7.What does the euphemistic expression “ involuntarily leisured ” mean?8.What are the American English equivalents for“ cellar” and“ pail” ?9.What are the British English equivalents for“one-way ticked” and“ round-trip” ticket?10.From which language is the word“chowder” borrowed? What does it mean in Chinese?11.What does “ a Judas” allude to?12.Who created the victory gesture?Ⅴ .Translation(16%)A: Translate the following into Chinese(8%)1.Don ’twear out your welcome2.Wine and wenches empty men ’s purses3.Not to mince one ’s words4.Man proposes, God disposesB: Translate the following into English(8%)5.黄道吉日6.潘朵拉盒子7.白金8.为避虎穴，落人狼窝Ⅵ .Define the following terms(10%)1.terms of humility2.inductive argumentation3.primary territory4.the Australian timeⅦ .Discuss the following topics.(20%)1.List several proverbs to discuss individualism in English culture.2.What differences are there in eye behaviors between English and Chinese nonverbal communication systems?。

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浙江省2018年7月自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：10058I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which one of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1. In English, “sdylh”is not a possible word and “green made he”is not an acceptable sentence. It proves that language is ________. ( )A. arbitraryB. systematicC. symbolicD. vocal2. The Chinese equivalent for “Housewarming”is ________. ( )A. 温室效应B. 温暖的房屋C. 乔迁喜宴D. 房屋供暖3. The word in British English for “tire”is ________. ( )A. wheelB. boreC. tyreD. tier4. The English name “Camellia”is related to ________. ( )A. ChristianityB. plantC. weaponD. knowledge5. ________ can represent the geographical aspects of culture. ( )A. KoalaB. CowboyC. QueenD. Hot dog6. If a student wants to express his gratitude for professor’s help, he can say ________. ( )A. “I am so sorry that I am wasting your time.”B. “I hope I didn’t disturb you.”C. “Don’t you mind I disturb you?”D. “Thank you so much. I really appreciate your help.”7. When an Englishman says “I was only pulling your leg”, he means ________. ( )A. I was only trying to prevent you from making progress.B. I was only warning you.C. I was only joking.D. I was only asking you for help.8. The first week day after Christmas, a legal holiday in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa, is called ________. ( )A. Boxing DayB. EasterC. Thanksgiving DayD. St. Valentine’s Day9. “To ride one’s high horse”means ________. ( )A. to be naughtyB. to be energeticC. to be arrogantD. to be optimistic10. “________”illustrates the metaphor that ideas are commodities. ( )A. What he said left a bad taste in my mouth.B. Those ideas died off in the Middle Ages.C. Mathematics has many branches.D. There is always a market for good ideas.11. ________ is a detective or shrewd person who has the uncanny ability to solve any mystery through careful observation, scientific analysis, and logical reasoning. ( )A. RomeoB. ShylockC. Sherlock HolmesD. Napoleon12. It is generally accepted that at the sentential level ________ relations are observed far more frequently in English than in Chinese. ( )A. logicalB. hypotacticC. paratacticD. hypocritical13. “They are uncontrollably attracted to each other”is a metaphorical expression about love is ________. ( )A. a physical forceB. madnessC. magicD. patient14. American and British English are two ________ of the English language. ( )A. formsB. varietiesC. languagesD. speeches15. “He showed no pleasure at hearing the news. Instead he looked even gloomier.”demonstrates ________ relation between the two sentences. ( )A. an adversativeB. a causalC. a temporalD. an additive16. “A white hope”refers to ________. ( )A. a talent person who is thought not likely to bring successB. a talent person who is thought likely to failC. a talent person who is thought likely to bring bad fateD. a talent person who is thought likely to bring success17. “Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger”signifies ________ in English speaking countries. ( )A. secrecyB. sadnessC. respectD. good luck18. “Red handed”corresponds to ________. ( )A. 现行犯的B. 革命党的C. 精力充沛的D. 红色政权的19. ________ style is used for conversations between close friends, colleagues or classmates about topics that are not serious. ( )A. FormalB. ConsultativeC. CasualD. Intimate20. When doctors touch their patients in a physical examination, we call it ________ touch.( ) A. functional-professional B. friendship-warmthC. socio-politeD. love-intimacyII. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)1. In its narrow sense culture is ________. ( )A. the attributes of manB. life way of a populationC. called “academic culture”D. called “anthropological culture”2. Words positive in meaning in English but pejorative or neutral in Chinese are ________.( ) A. aggressive B. self-made manC. individualismD. equalitarianism3. Names include ________, full names, with or without a title. ( )A. titlesB. surnamesC. nicknames or pet namesD. given names4. ________ refers to a person who is too cheap to take his girlfriend out so he takes her to his home all the time. ( )A. CouchwarmerB. Ladies’ manC. HippieD. Chauvinist pig5. English pronouns are marked for several cases: ________. ( )A. subjectiveB. objectiveC. genitive determinativeD. genitive independent6. ________ are acceptable forms of address in English. ( )A. Mrs. WhiteB. Mr. JackC. Miss SmithD. Accountant Black7. In English culture “grey”is often associated with ________. ( )A. an old ageB. gloomyC. vigorD. something unpleasant8. “To carry the ball”is an allusion, ________. ( )A. referring to have the main responsibility for getting a task or job doneB. referring to have a very enjoyable timeC. derived from American footballD. derived from rugby9. In English culture the general rule is to introduce ________. ( )A. a man to a womanB. a superior to an inferiorC. the host to the guestD. an individual to a group10. Blue Monday conveys the meaning that ________. ( )A. one is in his sad moodB. one should remember the important dayC. one is in his gloomy moodD. one always has had fortune on that dayIII. Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (24%)1. The leader of the British government is called ________.2. The American English equivalent for “lift”is ________.3. The English equivalent for “做无米之炊”is ________.4. The Chinese equivalent for “cooker”is ________.5. Morphemes can be classified into two categories: inflectional and ________ morphemes.6. It has been claimed that English texts develop ________, while Chinese ones develop in a spiral way.7. “注意言行举止”corresponds to “________”in English.8. All languages have kinship terms and distinguish at least three characteristics in relatives: ________, blood relationship and sex.9. ________ refers to a play in which comic elements are combined with more tragic or absurdly evil ones, with the latter on the whole predominating.10. ________ refers to prejudice or discrimination based on sex, especially, discrimination against women.11. The English equivalent for “杂种狗”is ________.12. Edward Hall suggests that there are three different time systems that might be found in cultures. They are ________, formal and informal time systems.IV. Translation.(16%)A. Translate the following into Chinese. (8%)1. Superior2. Pride goes before a fall.3. high school4. a marriage of convenienceB. Translate the following into English. (8%)1. 拜年2. 北京大学位于中国北京市海淀区颐和园路5号。

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