阅读(2)
四年级阅读题 (2)
四年级阅读题4年级2班大年初一的早晨，妈妈笑着问我：“贞贞，新年你最想要的是什么？”我调皮地对她笑一笑，依偎在她的怀里，说：“我要的东西只是三粒淘气的小小的树种子……”“种子？你想把它们种在哪里？”妈妈疑惑地说。
“我会把第一粒种子种在那遥远的澳门。
我要把它种在澳门最高的山坡上。
在雨露的滋润下，种子抽出新芽，每一片叶子都是我的眼睛：我要看看风景幽雅的妈祖阁；看看凌空飞架的澳菡大桥；看看新崛起的具有现代气息的建筑群；看看水光潋滟、波光粼粼的珠海；更要看看第一面五星红旗在这块饱经沧桑的土地上自豪地升起。
”“恩！那第二粒呢？”“第二粒种子嘛，我要让它扎根在长城脚下。
在那一块块经风雨侵蚀的长城砖旁，种子会很快长成一棵小树苗。
它小小的身影看上去并不起眼，可它会在五湖四海的游客们到达长城的时候，招来风姑姑、彩云婆婆一起向游客们问好。
瞧！它还会用小手掌般的叶片热烈地鼓掌呢！”“最后一粒种子呢？”妈妈紧接着问：“你打算种哪儿？”“最后一粒种子，当然要种在我家门前罗！”我向妈妈扮了一个鬼脸说：“我要让它为我的家园增添一抹绿色。
当清晨的小鸟儿向我问好时，我会仔细地为种子浇水、施肥，让它和我共同成长，共同学习。
每当我看见它迎风摇拽的枝条，就会把不开心的事全部忘记。
”我停下来，喝了一口放在茶几的凉白开水，说：“妈妈，这就是我春天的愿望，你能和我一起去实现吗？”“好，好！”妈妈乐呵呵地答应。
“那我们快去买种子吧！”我拉着妈妈的手奔出家门，在我眼前仿佛呈现了祖国万里山河到处涌动着盎然的春意……1．从文中找出下列词的近义词。
调皮——（）偎依——（）流动——（）摇动——（）2．用“——”画出一个排比句。
3．用“~~~~”画出一句比喻句，它把比作。
4．我的愿望是拥有三粒。
其中，第一粒种在，是希望。
其中，第一粒种在，是希望。
其中，第一粒种在，是希望。
7．短文表达了作者8．你的美好的愿望是什么？你能告诉大家吗？说说看。
妈妈买来李子，放在盘子里，打算吃完饭分给孩子们。
2015.12阅读理解(2)(全新版)大学英语B精选题库
第二部分阅读理解(2)（2015年12月统考）全真翻译版以下16篇阅读理解考试中100%考一篇，答案是四个选项之一。
出现在考试中阅读部分的第二部分，简化或硬背，必须掌握，原题出现，答案位置不变，考1题10分，一定不可以丢。
建议多看短文的中文意思，然后记下选项答案。
最后附录为搭桥联想记忆法，适合10分钟内强化记忆。
PassageThe United States covers a large part of the North American continent. Its neighbors are Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. Although the United States is a big country , it is not the largest in the world. In 2000, its population was over 222 million.When this land first became a nation, after winning its independence from England, it had thirteen states. Each of the states was represented on the American flag by a star. All these were in the eastern part of the continent. As the nation grew toward the west, new states were added and new stars appeared on the flag. For a long time, there were 48 stars. In 1959, however, two more stars were added to the flag, representing the new states of Alaska and Hawaii.Indians were the first people of the land which is now the United States. There are still many thousands of Indians now living in all parts of the country. Sometimes it is said that the Indians are “the only real Americans”. Most Americans come from all over the world. Those who came first in greatest numbers to make their homes on the eastern of North America were mostly from England. It is for the reason that the language of the United States is English and that its culture and customs are more like those of England than those of any other country in the world.美国占去北美大陆很大一部分土地。
剑桥雅思真题7-阅读Test 2(附答案)
剑桥雅思真题7-阅读Test 2（附答案）Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Why pagodas don’t fall downIn a land swept by typhoons and shaken by earthquakes, how have Japan's tallest and seemingly flimsiest old buildings - 500 or so wooden pagodas - remained standing for centuries? Records show that only two have collapsed during the past 1400 years. Those that have disappeared were destroyed by fire as a result of lightning or civil war. The disastrous Hanshin earthquake in 1995 killed 6,400 people, toppled elevated highways, flattened office blocks and devastated the port area of Kobe. Yet it left the magnificent five-storey pagoda at the Toji temple in nearby Kyoto unscathed, though it levelled a number of buildings in the neighbourhood.Japanese scholars have been mystified for ages about why these tall, slender buildings are so stable. It was only thirty years ago that the building industry felt confident enough to erect office blocks of steel and reinforced concrete that had more than a dozen floors. With its special shock absorbers to dampen the effect of sudden sideways movements from an earthquake, the thirty-six-storey Kasumigaseki building in central Tokyo -Japan's first skyscraper -was considered a masterpiece of modern engineering when it was built in 1968.Yet in 826, with only pegs and wedges to keep his wooden structure upright, the master builder Kobodaishi had no hesitation in sending his majestic Toji pagoda soaring fifty-five metres into the sky - nearly half as high as the Kasumigaseki skyscraper built some eleven centuries later. Clearly, Japanese carpenters of the day knew a few tricks about allowing a building to sway and settle itself rather than fight nature's forces. But what sort of tricks?The multi-storey pagoda came to Japan from China in the sixth century. As in China, they were first introduced with Buddhism and were attached to important temples. The Chinese built their pagodas in brick or stone, with inner staircases, and used them in later centuries mainly as watchtowers. When the pagoda reached Japan, however, its architecture was freely adapted to local conditions - they were built less high, typically five rather than nine storeys, made mainly of wood and the staircase was dispensed with because the Japanese pagoda did not have any practical use but became more of an art object. Because of the typhoons that batter Japan in the summer, Japanese builders learned to extend the eaves of buildings further beyond the walls. This prevents rainwater gushing down the walls. Pagodas in China and Korea have nothing like the overhang that is found on pagodas in Japan.The roof of a Japanese temple building can be made to overhang the sides of the structure by fifty per cent or more of the building's overall width. For the same reason, the builders of Japanese pagodas seem to have further increased their weight by choosing to cover these extended eaves not with the porcelain tiles of many Chinese pagodas but with much heavier earthenware tiles.But this does not totally explain the great resilience of Japanese pagodas. Is the answer that, like a tall pine tree, the Japanese pagoda - with its massive trunk-like central pillar known as shinbashira - simply flexes and sways during a typhoon or earthquake? For centuries, many thought so. But the answer is not so simple because the startling thing is that the Shinbashira actually carries noload at all. In fact, in some pagoda designs, it does not even rest on the ground, but is suspended from the top of the pagoda - hanging loosely down through the middle of the building. The weight of the building is supported entirely by twelve outer and four inner columns.And what is the role of the shinbashira, the central pillar? The best way to understand the Shinbashira's role is to watch a video made by Shuzo Ishida, a structural engineer at Kyoto Institute of Technology. Mr. Ishida, known to his students as 'Professor Pagoda' because of his passion to understand the pagoda, has built a series of models and tested them on a 'shake- table' in his laboratory. In short, the Shinbashira was acting like an enormous stationary pendulum. The ancient craftsmen, apparently without the assistance of very advanced mathematics, seemed to grasp the principles that were, more than a thousand years later, applied in the construction of Japan's first skyscraper. What those early craftsmen had found by trial and error was that under pressure a pagoda's loose stack of floors could be made to slither to and fro independent of one another. Viewed from the side, the pagoda seemed to be doing a snake dance -with each consecutive floor moving in the opposite direction to its neighbours above and below. The shinbashira, running up through a hole in the centre of the building, constrained individual storeys from moving too far because, after moving a certain distance, they banged into it, transmitting energy away along the column.Another strange feature of the Japanese pagoda is that, because the building tapers, with each successive floor plan being smaller than the one below, none of the vertical pillars that carry the weight of the building is connected to its corresponding pillar above. In other words, a five- storey pagoda contains not even one pillar that travels right up through the building to carry the structural loads from the top to the bottom. More surprising is the fact that the individual storeys of a Japanese pagoda, unlike their counterparts elsewhere, are not actually connected to each other. They are simply stacked one on top of another like a pile of hats. Interestingly, such a design would not be permitted under current Japanese building regulations.And the extra-wide eaves? Think of them as a tightrope walker's balancing pole. The bigger the mass at each end of the pole, the easier it is for the tightrope walker to maintain his or her balance. The same holds true for a pagoda. 'With the eaves extending out on all sides like balancing poles,' says Mr Ishida, 'the building responds to even the most powerful jolt of an earthquake with a graceful swaying, never an abrupt shaking.' Here again, Japanese master builders of a thousand years ago anticipated concepts of modern structural engineering.Question 1-4Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this1. Only two Japanese pagodas have collapsed in 1400 years.2. The Hanshin earthquake of 1995 destroyed the pagoda at the Toji temple.3. The other buildings near the Toji pagoda had been built in the last 30 years.4. The builders of pagodas knew how to absorb some of the power produced by severe weather conditions.Question 5-10Classify the following as typical ofA. both Chinese and Japanese pagodasB. only Chinese pagodasC. only Japanese pagodasWrite the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 5-10 on your answer sheet.5. easy interior access to top6. tiles on eaves7. use as observation post8. size of eaves up to half the width of the building9. original religious purpose10. floors fitting loosely over each otherQuestion 11-13Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.11. In a Japanese pagoda, the shinbashiraA. bears the full weight of the building.B. bends under pressure like a tree.C. connects the floors with the foundations.D. stops the floors moving too far.12. Shuzo Ishida performs experiments in order toA. improve skyscraper design.B. be able to build new pagodas.C. learn about the dynamics of pagodas.D. understand ancient mathematics.13. The storeys of a Japanese pagoda areA. linked only by wood.B. fastened only to the central pillar.C. fitted loosely on top of each other.D. joined by special weights.Reading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.The True Cost of FoodA For more than forty years the cost of food has been rising. It has now reached a point where a growing number of people believe that it is far too high, and that bringing it down will be one of the great challenges of the twenty first century. That cost, however, is not in immediate cash. In the west at least, most food is now far cheaper to buy in relative terms than it was in 1960. The cost is in the collateral damage of the very methods of food production that have made the food cheaper: in the pollution of water, the enervation of soil, the destruction of wildlife, the harm to animal welfare and the threat to human health caused by modern industrial agriculture.B First mechanisation, then mass use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, then monocultures, then battery rearing of livestock, and now genetic engineering -the onward march of intensive farming has seemed unstoppable in the last half-century, as the yields of produce have soared. But the damage it has caused has been colossal. In Britain, for example, many of our best-loved farmland birds, such as the skylark, the grey partridge, the lapwing and the corn bunting, have vanished from huge stretches of countryside, as have even more wild flowers and insects. This is a direct result of the way we have produced our food in the last four decades. Thousands of miles of hedgerows, thousands of ponds, have disappeared from the landscape. The faecal filth of salmon farming has driven wild salmon from many of the sea lochs and rivers of Scotland. Natural soil fertility is dropping in many areas because of continuous industrial fertiliser and pesticide use, while the growth of algae is increasing in lakes because of the fertiliser run-off.C Put it all together and it looks like a battlefield, but consumers rarely make the connection at the dinner table. That is mainly because the costs of all this damage are what economists refer to as externalities: they are outside the main transaction, which is for example producing and selling a field of wheat, and are borne directly by neither producers nor consumers. To many, the costs may not even appear to be financial at all, but merely aesthetic - a terrible shame, but nothing to do with money. And anyway they, as consumers of food, certainly aren't paying for it, are they?D But the costs to society can actually be quantified and, when added up, can amount to staggering sums. A remarkable exercise in doing this has been carried out by one of the world's leading thinkers on the future of agriculture, Professor Jules Pretty, Director of the Centre for Environment and Society at the University of Essex. Professor Pretty and his colleagues calculated the externalities of British agriculture for one particular year. They added up the costs of repairing the damage it caused, and came up with a total figure of ￡2,343m. This is equivalent to ￡208 for every hectare of arable land and permanent pasture, almost as much again as the total government and EU spend on British farming in that year. And according to Professor Pretty, it was a conservative estimate.E The costs included: ￡120m for removal of pesticides; ￡16m for removal of nitrates; ￡55m for removal of phosphates and soil; ￡23m for the removal of the bug cryptosporidium from drinking water by water companies; ￡125m for damage to wildlife habitats, hedgerows and dry stone walls; ￡1,113m from emissions of gases likely to contribute to climate change; ￡106m from soil erosion and organic carbon losses; ￡169m from food poisoning; and ￡607m from cattle disease. Professor Pretty draws a simple but memorable conclusion from all this: our food bills are actually threefold. We are paying for our supposedly cheaper food in three separate ways: once over the counter, secondly through our taxes, which provide the enormous subsidies propping up modern intensive farming, and thirdly to clean up the mess that modern farming leaves behind.F So can the true cost of food be brought down? Breaking away from industrial agriculture asthe solution to hunger may be very hard for some countries, but in Britain, where the immediate need to supply food is less urgent, and the costs and the damage of intensive farming have been clearly seen, it may be more feasible. The government needs to create sustainable, competitive and diverse farming and food sectors, which will contribute to a thriving and sustainable rural economy, and advance environmental, economic, health, and animal welfare goals.G But if industrial agriculture is to be replaced, what is a viable alternative? Professor Pretty feels that organic farming would be too big a jump in thinking and in practices for many farmers. Furthermore, the price premium would put the produce out of reach of many poorer consumers. He is recommending the immediate introduction of a ‘Greener Food Standard', which would push the market towards more sustainable environmental practices than the current norm, while not requiring the full commitment to organic production. Such a standard would comprise agreed practices for different kinds of farming, covering agrochemical use, soil health, land management, water and energy use, food safety and animal health. It could go a long way, he says, to shifting consumers as well as farmers towards a more sustainable system of agriculture.Question 14-17Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.14. a cost involved in purifying domestic water15. the stages in the development of the farming industry16. the term used to describe hidden costs17. one effect of chemicals on water sourcesQuestion 18-21Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 18-21 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this18. Several species of wildlife in the British countryside are declining.19. The taste of food has deteriorated in recent years.20. The financial costs of environmental damage are widely recognised.21. One of the costs calculated by Professor Pretty was illness caused by food.Question 22-26Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet.Professor Pretty concludes that our 22 …………are higher than most people realise, because we make three different types of payment. He feels it is realistic to suggest that Britain should reduce its reliance on 23 ………… .Although most farmers would be unable to adapt to 24 …………, Professor Pretty wants thegovernment to initiate change by establishing what he refers to as a 25 ………… . He feels this would help to change the attitudes of both 26 ………… and………… .Reading Passage 3You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Makete Integrated Rural Transport ProjectSection AThe disappointing results of many conventional road transport projects in Africa led some experts to rethink the strategy by which rural transport problems were to be tackled at the beginning of the 1980s. A request for help in improving the availability of transport within the remote Makete District of south- western Tanzania presented the opportunity to try a new approach.The concept of ‘integrated rural transport' was adopted in the task of examining the transport needs of the rural households in the district. The objective was to reduce the time and effort needed to obtain access to essential goods and services through an improved rural transport system. The underlying assumption was that the time saved would be used instead for activities that would improve the social and economic development of the communities. The Makete Integrated Rural Transport Project (MIRTP) started in 1985 with financial support from the Swiss Development Corporation and was co-ordinated with the help of the Tanzanian government.Section BWhen the project began, Makete District was virtually totally isolated during the rainy season. The regional road was in such bad shape that access to the main towns was impossible for about three months of the year. Road traffic was extremely rare within the district, and alternative means of transport were restricted to donkeys in the north of the district. People relied primarily on the paths, which were slippery and dangerous during the rains.Before solutions could be proposed, the problems had to be understood. Little was known about the transport demands of the rural households, so Phase Ⅰ, between December 1985 and December 1987, focused on research. The socio-economic survey of more than 400 households in the district indicated that a household in Makete spent, on average, seven hours a day on transporting themselves and their goods, a figure which seemed extreme but which has also been obtained in surveys in other rural areas in Africa. Interesting facts regarding transport were found: 95% was on foot; 80% was within the locality; and 70% was related to the collection of water and firewood and travelling to grinding mills.Section CHaving determined the main transport needs, possible solutions were identified which might reduce the time and burden. During Phase Ⅱ, from January to February 1991, a number of approaches were implemented in an effort to improve mobility and access to transport.An improvement of the road network was considered necessary to ensure the import and export of goods to the district. These improvements were carried out using methods that were heavily dependent on labour. In addition to the improvement of roads, these methods provided training in the operation of a mechanical workshop and bus and truck services. However, the difference from the conventional approach was that this time consideration was given to local transport needs outside the road network.Most goods were transported along the paths that provide short-cuts up and down the hillsides, but the paths were a real safety risk and made the journey on foot even more arduous. It made sense to improve the paths by building steps, handrails and footbridges.It was uncommon to find means of transport that were more efficient than walking but less technologically advanced than motor vehicles. The use of bicycles was constrained by their high cost and the lack of available spare parts. Oxen were not used at all but donkeys were used by a few households in the northern part of the district. MIRTP focused on what would be most appropriate for the inhabitants of Makete in terms of what was available, how much they could afford and what they were willing to accept. After careful consideration, the project chose the promotion of donkeys -a donkey costs less than a bicycle-and the introduction of a locally manufacturable wheelbarrow.Section DAt the end of Phase Ⅱ, it was clear that the selected approaches to Makete's transport problems had had different degrees of success. Phase Ⅲ, from March 1991 to March 1993, focused on the refinement and institutionalisation of these activities.The road improvements and accompanying maintenance system had helped make the district centre accessible throughout the year. Essential goods from outside the district had become more readily available at the market, and prices did not fluctuate as much as they had done before. Paths and secondary roads were improved only at the request of communities who were willing to participate in construction and maintenance. However, the improved paths impressed the inhabitants, and requests for assistance greatly increased soon after only a few improvements had been completed.The efforts to improve the efficiency of the existing transport services were not very successful because most of the motorised vehicles in the district broke down and there were no resources to repair them. Even the introduction of low-cost means of transport was difficult because of the general poverty of the district. The locally manufactured wheelbarrows were still too expensive for all but a few of the households. Modifications to the original design by local carpenters cut production time and costs. Other local carpenters have been trained in the new design so that they can respond to requests. Nevertheless, a locally produced wooden wheelbarrow which costs around 5000 Tanzanian shillings (less than US$20) in Makete, and is about one quarter the cost of a metal wheelbarrow, is still too expensive for most people.Donkeys, which were imported to the district, have become more common and contribute, in particular, to the transportation of crops and goods to market. Those who have bought donkeys are mainly from richer households but, with an increased supply through local breeding, donkeys should become more affordable. Meanwhile, local initiatives are promoting the renting out of the existing donkeys.It should be noted, however, that a donkey, which at 20,000 Tanzanian shillings costs less than a bicycle, is still an investment equal to an average household's income over half a year. This clearly illustrates the need for supplementary measures if one wants to assist the rural poor.Section EIt would have been easy to criticise the MIRTP for using in the early phases a’top-down' approach, in which decisions were made by experts and officials before being handed down to communities, but it was necessary to start the process from the level of the governmental authorities of thedistrict.It would have been difficult to respond to the requests of villagers and other rural inhabitants without the support and understanding of district authorities.Section FToday, nobody in the district argues about the importance of improved paths and inexpensive means of transport. But this is the result of dedicated work over a long period, particularly from the officers in charge of community development. They played an essential role in raising awareness and interest among the rural communities.The concept of integrated rural transport is now well established in Tanzania, where a major program of rural transport is just about to start. The experiences from Makete will help in this initiative, and Makete District will act as a reference for future work.Question 27-30Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-FChoose the correct heading for paragraphs B, C, E and F from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-xi, in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.28 Section C30 Section FQuestion 31-35Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 31-35 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this31. MIRTP was divided into five phases.32. Prior to the start of MIRTP the Makete district was almost inaccessible during the rainy season.33. Phase I of MIRTP consisted of a survey of household expenditure on transport.34. The survey concluded that one-fifth or 20% of the household transport requirement as outside the local area.35. MIRTP hoped to improve the movement of goods from Makete district to the country's capital. Question 36-39Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-J, below.Write the correct letter, A-J, into boxes 36-39 on your answer sheet.36 Construction of footbridges, steps and handrails37 Frequent breakdown of buses and trucks in Makete38 The improvement of secondary roads and paths39 The isolation of Makete for part of the yearChoose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.40. Which of the following phrases best describes the main aim of Reading Passage 3?A. to suggest that projects such as MIRTP are needed in other countriesB. to describe how MIRTP was implemented and how successful it wasC. to examine how MIRTP promoted the use of donkeysD. to warn that projects such as MIRTP are likely to have serious problems参考答案1 YES2 NO3 NOT GIVEN4 YES5 B6 A7 B8 C9 A10 C11 D12 C13 C14 E15 B16 C17 B18 YES19 NOT GIVEN20 NO21YES22 food bills/costs23 (modern) intensive farming24 organic farming25 Greener Food Standard26 (IN EITHER ORDER) farmers (and) consumers27 ii28 v29 x30 i31 NO32 YES33 NO34 YES35 NOT GIVEN36 D37 I38 G39 E40B。
第二部分(大学英语统考)阅读理解(2)全真翻译版
第二局部阅读理解(2)〔2016年4月统考〕全真翻译版以下16篇阅读理解考试中100%考一篇，答案是四个选项之一。
出现在考试中阅读局部的第二局部，简化或硬背，必须掌握，原题出现，答案位置不变，考1题10分，一定不可以丢。
建议多看短文的中文意思，然后记下选项答案。
Passage 1 〔目标有三种〕There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-range and long-term goals.目标有三种：短期目标，中期目标和长期目标。
Short-term goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possibly, months. It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation, long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon pleting our short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been pleted.短期目标是根据每日制定的为了处理当前事物的目标。
短期目标可以以少于一个星期，一个星期，两个星期，或者可能的话一个月来完成。
2022高考英语二轮：(选练)阅读理解训练(2)及答案
【由山东省2022模拟改编】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
“Confidence” is probably one of the most noticeable traits（品质）in the Americans．They show confidence in the way they talk，the way they smile，the way they dress and the way they walk．Living and competing with all these confidence American students，I find it extremely important to be confident as an international student and instructor．As a student，being confident means you should never hesitate to raise your hand whenever a question or a point comes to your mind．Don’t mind if it sounds simple or silly．Otherwise you will never get a chance to speak in class at all．What’s worse，the professors may think you are not prepared for the discussion or you do not have your own opinion on the issue—this is the last comment any graduate would like to receive．Being confidence for me as a foreign instructor means calmly asking the student to repeat what he or she has said if I did not get it．Pretending to understand what you actually did not may just bring yourself embarrassment or even disgrace．But the time I most need to be confident is when my students come to my office and bargain about the grades I have given for their Speeches．（The course I’m teaching here is Public Speaking）．Modesty is a trait highly valued in China，but it won’t be of much help here if you want to survive and succeed in a good American graduate program．1．To compete with American students it’s very important to．A．be quite confident B．be polite and friendlyC．have more discussions with them D．understand what they think about2．A professor will have the worst opinion of a student who ．A．gives a silly or simple answerB．tries to seize any chance to speak in classC．shows no interest in the courseD．is considered to have no opinion of his own3．The author is most likely to feel embarrassed if ．A．he asks a student to repeat what he has saidB．the students bargain with himC．he pretends to know what he doesn’tD．he has to give a speech4．We learn from the second paragraph that ．A．we should also remain modest in AmericaB．modesty doesn’t help you much in AmericaC．Americans also like modest peopleD．modesty can help you through an American graduate program5．The passage is mainly developed by ．A．providing examplesB．making comparisonsC．giving different figuresD．telling personal experiences【参考答案】1---5、ADCBD2022高考英语二轮：（精选）阅读理解训练（2）及答案AWhen Paul was a boy growing up in Utah, he happened to live near a copper smelter (炼铜厂), and the chemicals that poured out had made a wasteland out of what used to be a beautiful forest. One day a young visitor looked at this wasteland and called it an awful area. Paul knocked him down. From then on, something happened inside him. Years later Paul was back in the area, and he went to the smelter office. He asked if they had any plans or if they would let him try to bring the trees back. The answer from that big industry was “No”.Paul then went to college to study the science of plants. Unfortunately, his teachers said there weren’t any birds or squirrels to spread the seeds. It would be a waste of his life to try to do it. Everyone knew that, he was told. Even if he was knowledgeable as he had expected, he wouldn’t get his idea accepted.Paul later got married but his dream would not die. And then one night he did what he could with what he had. As Samuel Johnson wrote, “It is common to overlook what is near by keeping the eye fixed on something remote.Attainable good is often ignored by minds busied in wide ranges.” Under the cover of darkness, he went secretly into the wasteland and started planting.And every week, he made his secret journey into the wasteland and planted trees and grass. For fifteen years he did this against the plain common sense. Slowly rabbits appeared. Later, as there was legal pressure to clean up the environment, the company actually hired Paul to do what he was already doing.Now the place is fourteen thousand acres of trees and grass and bushes, and Paul has received almost every environmental award Utah has. It took him until his hair turned white, but he managed to keep that impossible vow (誓言) he made to himself as a child.21.When Paul was a boy, _______.A. he had decided never to leave his hometownB. the economy of Utah depended wholly on the copper smelterC. he hit a young visitor because of his comments on the wastelandD. he stopped the copper smelter polluting the area22.Paul went to college to study the science of plants, because _______.A. he wanted to find out the best way to save the area himselfB. he was interested in planting trees since he was youngC. he wanted to get more knowledgeable people to help himD. he thought his knowledge would make his advice more convincing23.What does the underlined phrase “the plain common sense” probably mean?A. It was impossible for trees to grow on the wasteland.B. His normal work and life would be greatly affected.C. No one would like to join him in the efforts.D. He had to keep everything he did secret.24.The company hired Paul to plant trees and grass because_______.A. they realized the importance of environmental protectionB. what Paul was doing moved themC. Paul persuaded them to help himD. they had legal pressure参考答案A篇21-24 CDADBMusic died here last spring, or rather, it was killed by members of the school committee who ignored the importance of music and drama as part of the high-school curriculum (课程). The committee decided that teaching students how to take a standardized test is more important than a curriculum in which students can explore their interests in the arts as well as academics. Because the school system is running out of funding, it needs to make sure that students pass the test or even more money will be lost. If students fail the state standardized test，it is not the fault of drama and music classes—they are failing because the “academic” classes are not sufficient (充分的).It is painful to think of how many students will be discouraged from singing, acting, and playing instruments because school programs are no longer offered. Many families cannot afford private music lessons, and many potential musicians and artists may not find their calling if they are not exposed to it in school. The fact that the school committee thinks the arts are not worth the investment will certainly make some students believe the arts are not worth their time or support and the cycle will continue.Teaching for a test does not shape students into complete, well-rounded people. It blocks the natural sense to create and express feelings through art—there is more to life than the analytical thinking that math and English provide. What happens after a test? Sure, a student might graduate, but they will have limited knowledge—certainly not a good preparation for the real world.25. Music and drama are not included in the high school curriculum mainly because ________.A. the school committee pays no attention to themB. the school is afraid of losing financial supportC. the students are not interested in both of themD. the state standardized test is more important26. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. The sufficiency of the classes determines students’ performance in the mastery test.B. Quite a few students are discouraged from learning music and art in today’s school system.C. Students can be musicians and artists only if they can afford private music lessons.D. The school committee completely influences students’attitude towards the arts.27. We can learn that music and art can ________.A. motivate students in creativity and expressionB. make students round-shaped people in futureC. provide students with analytical thinkingD. prevent students graduation from high school28. The best title of the passage can be ________.A. Who killed music and drama?B. Can curriculum go without music?C. Why is music so important?D. How to prepare for the real world?参考答案B篇25-28 BBABCFor more than 40 years, scientists have sought to learn how well human beings can adapt to long periods in space. The International Space Station continues to provide valuable knowledge about spaceflight. But an earlier space station, Skylab, helped make the current space project possible.Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield sang aboard the International Space Station on May 12, 2021. His music video has become extremely popular. The astronaut played his own version of David Bowie’s song Space Oddity. He performed while floating weightlessly, with images of planet earth and space appearing in the window behind him.Chris Hadfield recently returned home after nearly five months on the space station. For him, the long flight produced a hit video on YouTube and no major physical problems. But 40 years ago, scientists did not know how humans would react to long-term spaceflight. To find out, NASA, the American space agency, launched Skylab in May, 1973. Over nearly a year, three teams of astronauts visited Skylab for stays of between 28 to 84 days. They learned how people react to extended periods in space.Gerald C arr commanded Skylab 4. He spoke at a NASA event marking the 40th anniversary of Skylab’s launch. He said that the loss of the body’s muscle mass was a main concern. Astronauts on Skylab used exercise equipment to stay strong. The astronauts spent their workdays carrying out experiments, including biomedical (生物医学的) research.Marshall Porterfield is the director of NASA’s Space Life and Physical Sciences Division. He says the Skylab astronauts’ understanding of their own ability to deal with long-term spaceflight continues to help current astronauts. NASA says the next step for life away from Earth is a year-long space station mission, set for 2021.29. Why was Chris Hadfield’s song so special?A. It was performed in space.B. It was created by an astronaut.C. It was a very familiar song.D. It was first sung by a famous singer.30. Which of the following best describes the physical condition of Chris Hadfield after his return?A. Worse.B. Better.C. Normal.D. Weaker.31. For what purpose did NASA launch Skylab?A. To research on whether human beings could stay in space.B. To gather up information on setting up a space station.C. To study the changes in the body when staying long in space.D. To find out the possibility of doing experiments in space.32. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Skylab is still in use to explore the space.B. The research results on Skylab are still valuable.C. Skylab is more advanced than the International Space Station.D. The Skylab astronauts made great contributions to biomedical research.参考答案C篇29-32 ACCBDSuppose you are thinking about attending college in the United States, but perhaps you might not be ready for a university with a four-year program. About 88,000 international students have found solution. They are attending U.S. community colleges. Such colleges are sometimes called junior colleges. They offer two years of education above the secondary or high school level.Community college students can choose from subjects like medical assistance, computer science or law. At the end of their study program, they receive a document of completion, called a certificate. Some students work toward an associate degree in traditional academic subjects like science or history. After getting it, the students can move on to a four-year college or university. They may have only two years of study left before they receive a bach elor’s degree.Many educational experts agree that saving money is the major reason to consider a community college. The American Association of Community Colleges (AACC) says that a public two-year college costs 3,000 dollar a year on average. That is true if the student lives in the same state as the school. A student at a four-year public college maypay 8,500 dollars a year for classes and user fees. That does not include books and other materials.Some international students may need more preparation in English before entering a community college in the United States. For example, Istrif Montgomery came to the U.S. from Kosovo in 2006. First, he worked to improve his English at Montgomery College for a year. Then for the next two years, he attended classes in basic subjects in a community college.The international students at two-year colleges need to find a place to live. Most community colleges do not provide student housing on their grounds. But Mr Montgomery had a home nearby. He was able to ride the bicycle, and he was able to walk if he wanted. In fact, most community college students live within five to ten miles off the college.33. What’s the biggest advantage of a community college?A. The classes are free of charge.B. The students can save much time.C. The students can save a lot of money.D. It is convenient for students to live in the college.34. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Mr Montgomery usually goes to school on foot.B. Most students i n community colleges don’t live far away.C. 8,500 dollars covers all the cost of a four-year public college.D. International students often attend a community college directly.35. What’s the main purpose of the passage?A. To encourage students to study abroad.B. To tell the international students how to save money.C. To tell us it’s a good choice to study in public colleges.D. To give some information about community colleges.参考答案D篇33-35 CBD。
小学语文阅读理解练习2(含答案)
家乡的竹林在我的家乡，有一片翠绿的竹林。
春天，鹅黄色的新笋从土壤里钻出来，像一只一只刚出壳的小鸡一样漂亮。
竹子长到三米多高逐渐变成一身嫩绿，十分新鲜。
夏天，竹林显得更美丽可爱，阳光透过茂密的竹叶缝隙，照在地上，从远处看犹如点点星光。
如果你路过这里，它便用叶子遮住太阳，为你解除酷热。
秋天，竹子把自己的旧叶换掉，让人们把落在地上的旧叶当柴火使用。
一阵风吹来，无数“花片”在飞舞，像天女散花一样美。
冬天，竹林里的翠竹迎着凛冽的寒风，像哨兵一样站在田野里，深绿的叶子笑容满面地迎着严霜白雪。
我爱家乡的竹林，因为竹林里枝枝翠竹的美好形象启迪着我怎样做人，怎样生活。
这篇短文主要运用了_____________________、________________________的修辞方法，请分别用“~~~~”“_____________”从文中各画出一句。
答案：比喻（阳光透过茂密的竹叶缝隙，照在地上，从远处看犹如点点星光。
）拟人（深绿的叶子笑容满面地迎着严霜白雪。
）上课上课了，董老师挟[xié]着一叠大大小小的书本，笑眯眯地走进教室。
她将书放在讲台上，便用缓慢而清晰的声调开始讲课。
一个假期没有见到老师了，同学们都用亲切的目光注视着她，好像在说：“董老师，我们多么惦念您啊！”不知为什么我的眼前浮现出电视剧中一位受人尊敬的老师的形象，她是那么慈祥，像辛勤的园丁培养着小树苗。
我们的董老师，多像一位循(x ún)循善诱的引路人，带领我们去探索知识的海洋，去打开科学宝库的大门。
同学们完全被董老师讲的课吸引住了，随着她脸上的表情，时而凝神深思，时而神采飞扬，时而频频点头，时而低头微笑……1．根据意思写出短文中的词语。
(1)善于有步骤地引导别人学习。
( )(2)精神饱满的样子。
( )2．选择。
(1)“笑眯眯”是对老师的( )描写。
A．动作B．语言C．神态D．心理(2)短文中作者把老师比作( )，把自己比作( )。
古诗文、文言文阅读 (2)
古诗文古诗文理解理解古诗中句子的意思（直译），先要准确理解句中的每个词语，再把这些词语的意思连起来。
有时要联系上下文，有时还要联系时代背景或作者的处境、状况等，才可以正确理解诗句的意思。
例1：把《回乡偶书》译成现代文。
回乡偶书【唐】贺知章少小离家老大回，乡音无改鬓毛衰。
儿童相见不相识，笑问客从何处来。
例2：下列哪句的意思与“欲穷千里目，更上一层楼”基本一致( )A．孤帆远影碧空尽，唯见长江天际流。
B．千山鸟飞绝，万径人踪灭。
C．众鸟高飞尽，孤云独去闲。
D．会当凌绝顶，一览众山小。
例3：想像一下，“小草偷偷地从土里钻出来”描绘了怎样的画面?下面的诗句中哪一句描写的画面与它最接近?( )A．春风又绿江南岸。
B．风吹草低见牛羊。
C．浅草才能没马蹄。
D．草色遥看近却无。
例4：根据意思写出诗句。
（1）说明好上加好，争取更大胜利。
（2）说明生命力强，比喻革命的烈火是扑不灭的。
（3）表达在节假日对亲人无限思念之情。
（4）常用来教育孩子要珍惜劳动果实。
例5：读诗句，猜谜语。
（1）千锤万凿出深山，烈火焚烧若等闲。
粉身碎骨浑不怕，要留清白在人间。
——猜一建筑材料（）（2）一朵芙蓉顶上栽，彩衣不用剪刀裁。
平生不敢轻言语，一唱千门万户开。
——猜一动物（）古诗文积累在理解诗意的基础上背诵记忆，多积累一些名诗佳句。
例1：在括号里填上带“春”的词语。
（1）（）到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干。
（2）（）带雨晚来急，野渡无人舟自横。
（3）（）潮水连海平，海上明月共潮生。
（4）（）又绿江南岸，明月何时照我还？（5）（）满园关不住，一枝红杏出墙来。
（6）（）无处不飞花，寒食东风御柳斜。
（7）忽如一夜（）来，千树万树梨花开。
例2：下列文学家与苏轼同属一个朝代的是( )A．杨万里范仲淹王维王安石B．白居易辛弃疾范成大叶绍翁C．陆游杨万里王安石范仲淹D．李白王维杜牧李清照例3：下面题中有一项与其他三项不属于同一类，请选出序号。
( )A．《九月九日忆山东兄弟》 B．《赠汪伦》C．《别董大》 D．《送元二使之安西》例4：下列诗句分别写的是什么季节的景色？（1）小荷才露尖尖角，早有蜻蜓立上头。
二年级阅读理解 (2)
二年级阅读理解 (2)今天，爸爸从水果店买来一筐橘子，我随手拿了一个，便仔细观察起来。
橘子是扁圆形的，像我的拳头一样大小，橘子皮是橘黄色的。
皮有疙瘩，远看就像一盏小灯笼。
剥开橘子皮，一股橘子特有的清香味扑鼻而来。
橘子皮里是白色的筋络，像给橘子瓣披上了白色的纱衣。
橘子瓣是月牙形的，像弯弯的月亮，许多橘子瓣像几个好兄弟围坐在一起。
掰一瓣放进嘴里，果汁四溢，滋润了喉咙，流进肚子里，甜透了心窝，叫人越吃越爱吃。
1.橘子是扁圆形就像【】。
橘子皮里的白皮筋络就像【】。
橘子瓣就像【】。
2.“我”是按照从【】到【】的顺序来观察的。
3.用“”画出描写橘子外形特点的句子。
4.用“”画出写橘子味道好的句子。
夏天的一个周末,五岁的萨沙和哥哥托利亚,跟父母一起到森林中玩。
森林里的景色是那么美好,空(kòng kōng)气是那么清新。
他们来到森林中的一片空地。
那里盛(shâng shãng)开着美丽的铃兰花。
1.给带点的字选择正确的读音,画上横线。
2.从这段话中找出下列词语的近义词。
漂亮——( ) 新鲜——( )3.写句子。
商店里的商品是那么多,玩具是那么吸引人。
________________________________________________________________阅读《我要的是葫芦》片断，回答问题。
细长的葫芦藤上爬满了绿叶，开出了几朵雪白的小花。
花谢以后，藤上挂了几个小葫芦。
多么可爱的小葫芦啊！种葫芦的人每天都要去看几次。
1.这段话有_______句。
2.单选题。
【1】文中描写葫芦藤样子用的词语是【】A.可爱B.雪白C.细长【2】文中描写花儿颜色的词语是【】A.可爱B.雪白C.细长3.填入恰当的词语。
【 )的葫芦藤【 )的绿叶【 )的小花【 )的小葫芦4.第_______句写了葫芦藤和葫芦花的样子，第______句写了小葫芦的数量，第_____句写了那个人关心小葫芦。
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阅读短文，回答问题。
父亲的期望
父亲是个修车的，虽年届四十，却略显苍老了，那饱经风霜的脸上，被风风雨雨刻上了深深的皱纹。
打我记事起，父亲便开始忙碌在修车铺里，从早一直到晚，靠着他那仅有的手艺，维持着这个家。
（虽然）整天忙碌，（但）在人们的眼中，修车毕竟是一个“低等”的活儿，（因此）父亲常受到人的鄙视。
然而父亲不是一个软弱的人，他不自卑，而是把他仅有的希望和那希望受到安慰的心交付给了我。
希望我能胜过他自己，更胜过那些嘲笑他的人们。
晚上，父亲拖着疲惫的身子回到家，我一见到他，便兴奋地扑到他怀里，接着，父亲便给我讲一些伟人的故事，虽然他只知道一点，但这已尽他的所能了。
每当这时，我总是非懂又似懂地听着，用我那天真的眼，盯着父亲的那张脸。
不久，我便上学了，这是父亲对我寄托希望最深的时候。
父亲为了能让我安心念书，除了白天在修车铺忙以外，回到家还要做家务，累得他常晕倒在地，有时我真想帮他，但父亲总是笑着对我说：“没事的，你尽管自己念书。
”
一次，父亲带我上街，我好兴．（xìng√xīng）奋。
到了一家卖鞋的商店，父亲停住了，
他看着我脚下的鞋，说：“这双鞋太破了，很寒伧，还是买双好点的吧，上学哪能没有鞋？”我却说：“爸，不要，我脚下的还能穿，这双跑鞋够穿两年了。
”但父亲还是执意要为我买。
接着，为我在柜台下选了双皮鞋，虽然是鞋柜里最便．（pián√biàn）宜的，可我的泪水已在眼中打转了。
“拿着，”父亲把鞋放在了我手里，又从找下的钱中拿出一部分给我，折了几折放在我口袋中，说，“上学时，买点东西吃，别空着肚念书！”
一路上，父亲送我上车，我只是一路沉默，父亲则好像很轻松。
半路时，父亲有急事要走了，临走前，他用他那双粗糙的手，抚摸了一下我的头，轻声说道：“去吧，上学别迟到了，爸晚上来接你。
”我“吃力”地点了点头，看着父亲远去的身影，情不自禁地哭了。
我呆呆地立着，此时此刻的脑子中又浮现出了父亲那张黝黑的脸，那不平凡的脸。
我此刻拿着的仿佛不仅是一双鞋，更是父亲的真心和那浓重的一片希望……生活的艰辛消磨了父亲的英俊，但永远消除不掉他的深切期望！
父亲，走好！儿子我会圆了您的心愿……
1、请给短文加上一个标题，写在文前“_____________”。
2、给带点的字选出正确读音，用“√”表示。
3、在文中（）处填上恰当的关联词。
4、根据下列意思写词语。
⑴形容经历过许多艰难困苦。
（饱经风霜）
⑵自己不能控制自己的感情。
（情不自禁）
5、简要写出父亲对“我”关心的事情。
“我”很小的时候，为了维持一家人的生活，父亲每天在修车铺里忙碌还给“我”讲伟人故事，还不准“我”帮做家务；上中学前几天，父亲给我买了一双便宜的新鞋；开学那天，父亲放下手中的活送我上学，告诉我要好好学习。
6、“生活的艰辛消磨了父亲的英俊，但永远消除不掉他的深切期望！”请用“——”表示
“深切期望”含义的句子。
7、“我‘吃力’地点了点头，看着父亲远去的身影，情不自禁地哭了。
”联系上下文回答
作者为什么会情不自禁地哭了。
答：因为自己的父亲为自己付出的太多了，所以情不自禁的哭了。
8、读了这篇短文，你有何感受？请联系实际简要说说。
文中的父亲为“我”付出了很多，“我”暗下决心会圆了父亲的心愿。
父爱真伟大，我们可不要辜负了父母的一片心。
阅读短文，回答下面的问题。
拐弯处的回头
一天，弟弟在郊游时脚尖被尖利的石头割破了，到医院包扎后，几个同学送他回家。
在家附近的巷口，弟弟碰见了爸爸。
于是他(一边)翘着扎了绷带的脚给爸爸看，(一边)哭丧着脸诉苦，满以为会收获一点同情和怜爱，不料爸爸并没有安慰他，只是简单交代他几句，便自己走了。
弟弟很伤心，很委屈，也很生气。
他觉得老爸一点也不关心他，在他大发牢骚时，有个同学笑着劝道：“别生气，大部分爸爸都是这样。
其实他很爱你，只是不善于表达罢了，不信你看，等你爸爸走到前面的拐弯的地方，他一定会回头看你。
”
弟弟半信半疑，其他的同学也很感兴趣，于是他们不约而同地停下了脚步，站在那儿注视着爸爸的背影。
爸爸依然笃定地一步一步向前走去，好象没有什么东西会让他回头。
可是当他走到拐弯处，就在他侧身左拐的刹那，好象不经意似的悄悄回过头，很快地瞟了弟弟他们一眼，然后才消失在拐弯后面。
(虽然)这一切都发生在一瞬间，(但是)那动作却打动了在场的所有的人，弟弟的眼睛里闪着泪光。
当弟弟把这件事告诉我的时，我也有一种想要流泪的感觉。
很久以来我都在寻找一个能代表父爱的动作，现在终于找到了，那就是——拐弯处的回头。
1、给短文加上标题。
2、在原文中找出下面的近义词和反义词。
近义词：锋利（尖利）痛苦（伤心）不谋而合（不约而同）坚定（笃定）
反义词：冷漠（同情）斥责（安慰）深信不疑（半信半疑）坦然（委屈）
3选择合适的关联词语填在文中的（）里。
因为……所以……一边……一边……如果……就……虽然……但是……
4、这篇短文主要写了弟弟受伤了爸爸却没安慰弟弟，弟弟觉得父亲不爱他，但发现在拐角处爸爸回头了，弟弟由很委屈到眼里含着泪，弟弟感受到父亲的爱，弟弟被这样的爱打动了。
5、找出弟弟情绪变化的语句，填在下面的横线上。
当弟弟碰见爸爸时，弟弟一边哭丧着脸诉苦，满以为会收获一点同情和怜爱。
当爸爸走了后，弟弟很伤心，很委屈，也很生气。
当爸爸在拐弯处回头时，弟弟的眼睛里还闪着泪光。
6、本文写父爱，抓住了爸爸回头的动作和神态来写，真切感人，你能用“”画出这句来吗？
7、爸爸回头时的心理是怎样的呢？请想象一下，写在下面的横线上。
孩子很痛吧！但孩子要坚强，我要他以后好好的，以后会有更大的困难要自己面对孩子长大后会理解的：父爱从不轻易说出口，父亲用着我们不理解方式爱着我们。
8、读了这篇短文，你有什么感受？请联系实际简要说说。
答：读了这篇短文，我的感受是：父亲并不是冷漠无情的，只是他的爱，我们不容易了解。
如：我在一次考试成绩不是很好，他看了成绩和试卷后，冷冷地说你好好反思原因吧。
9、爸爸的爱和其他人的爱有何不同？请从文中找出一句话来说明。
爸爸都这样。
其实他很爱你，只是不善于表达罢了。
1、本文记叙的主人公应该是（ c ）。
A、弟弟
B、同学
C、爸爸
D、“我”
2、找出能够表现弟弟心情变化的语句填在下列横线上。
①弟弟受伤后碰到爸爸时：
②爸爸自己走了以后：。
③同学对他说完话以后：
弟弟半信半疑，其他同学也很感兴趣。
④爸爸在拐弯处回头时：。
3、第四自然段中“……好像不经意的回过头来，很快就瞟了弟弟他们一眼……”这只是极微小的动作，为什么“那动作却打动了在场的所有人”?
因为这是父亲对孩子的爱的方式。
5、文中最后一句话中的破折号起_ 强调____的作用。