二.被动语态
边缘辅导二英语被动语态(讲解)
被动语态第一节 被动语态的构成被动语态的基本结构是“助动词be +过去分词”。
被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化，以动词take 为例，将被动be ”的时态形式，也就掌握了被动语态构成。
下面是被动语态各种时态的例句：e.g. You are wanted on the phone . 有你的电话。
（一般现在时）The railway was built in 1998. 这条铁路建于1998 年。
（一般过去时）A new railway is being built in this city. 这个城市正在修建一条新的铁路。
（现在进行时）The railway was being built this time last year.去年这个时候这条铁路正在修建。
（过去进行时）The new railway has already been built.新铁路已经建成了。
（现在完成时）The new railway had been built by the end of last year.这条铁路在去年年底前已经建成了。
（过去完成时）A new railway will be built in this city next year.这个城市明年将建一条新的铁路。
（一般将来时）He told us that the new railway would be built the next year.他告诉我们新铁路将于第二年建成。
（过去将来时）第二节 被动语态的各种句型1.单宾语结构。
e.g. Our English teacher often uses a tape-recorder in teaching English.我们英语老师经常用录音机教英语。
（主动语态）A tape-recorder is often used (by our English teacher) in teaching English.录音机经常用来教英语。
被动语态(二)
、
Ｖｉ ｔ ｒ ａ ｅ ｒ ｑ ｅ ｔ ｄ ｎ ｔ ｔ ｏ ｃ ｈ ｘ ｉ ｉ ． ｓ ｏ ｓ ｒ ｅ ｕ ｓｅ ｏ ｏ ｔ ｕ ｈ ｔ ｅ ｅ ｈ ｂ ｔ ｉ ｓ
２ ｈｓ ａ ｅｂ ｅ ｏ ｅ 现 在 完 成 时 的被 动 语 态 ）ａ／ ｖ ｅｎ ｄ ｎ ｈ
Ａ１ ｔ ｅ ｐ ｅ ａ ａ ｉ ｎ ｒ ｔ ｅ ｔｓ ａ ｅ ｂ ｅ ｏ ｌｔ ｄ ｎ ’ ｅ ｄ ｏ ｓａ ｔ １ ｈ ｒ ｐ ｒ ｔ ｓ ｆ ｈ ａ ｋ ｈ ｖ ｅ ｎ ｃ ｍｐ ｅｅ ．ａ ｄ ｗｅｒ ｒ ａ ｙ ｔ ｔ ． ｏ ｏ ｅ ｒ
５ ｈ ｄ ｂ ｅ ｏ ｅ 过 去 完 成 时 的被 动 语 态 ）ａ ｅｎ ｄ ｎ Ｂ ｈ ｎ ｆｌ ｔｙａ， ｎ ｔｅ ｎｗ ｇｍｎｓ ｍ ｈ ｄ ｂ ｅ ｏ ｐｅｅ ｎ Ｂ ｒｎ ． ｙ ｔｅ ｅｄ ｏ ｓ ｅｒ ａ ｏ ｒ ｅ ｙ ａｉ ａ ｅ ｎ ｃ ｍ ｌｔ ｉ ｅ ｉｇ ａ ｈ ｕ ｄ ６ ｗ ｓ ｅｅ ｂ ｉｇ ｄ ｌ 过 去 进 行 时 的 被 动 语 态 ） ａ／ ｒ ｅｎ ｏ ｅ ｗ ｉ
不 动 。如 ：
Ｓ ｍ ｅ ｎ ａ ｈｔ ｈ ｂ ｙ ｍ ｏ ｎ ａ ｉａ ｅ ｔ ． ｏ ｏ ｅ ｃ ｕｇ ｔ ｅ ｏ ｓ ｋｉ ｇ ｃｇ ｒ ｔｅ
３ ａ ／ ／ｒ ｂ ｉｇ ｄ ｎ ）ｍ ｉａｅ ｅｎ ｏ ｅ现在 进行时 的被动语 态 ｓ
Ａ ｎ ｗ ｉ ｅ ｉ ｂ ｉ ｇ ｕ ｌ ｅ ｅ ｅ ｃ ｎ ｍａ ｓ ｅ ｎ ｂ ｉｔ ｒ ． ｈ
４ ｗ ｓ ｅｅｄ ｎ ） ａ／ ｒ ｏ ｅ一般过 去时 的被动语 态 ｗ
１ｗａ ｉｅ ｅ ｎ ｔｓ ｔ ｅ ｉｅ ｗｈ ｔ ｅ ｈ ｕｄ ｒｊｃ ｈ ｆ ｒ ｓ ｇｖ ｎ ｔｎ ｍｉｕｅ ｏ ｄ ｃｄ ｅｈ ｒ Ｉｓ ｏ ｌ ｅｅ ｔｔｅ ｏｆ ． ｅ
高一必修2被动语态详解
U n i t 2一、被动语态基础篇1.被动语态的构成：be + 过去分词2.时态通过助动词be变化体现：时态be 过去分词done为例例句一般现在时am / is / are done English is spoken in many countries.一般过去时was / were done Some TV sets for sale in the department storewere stolen last night.一般将来时shall / will + be done He won't be allowed, by his father, to marry Larra.过去将来时would / should + be done They would be sent to the army when theyFinished the training.现在进行时am / is / are + being done The project is being carried out.过去进行时was / were + being done The case was being investigated then.现在完成时have / has + been done This novel has been translated into several languages. 过去完成时had+ been done They said that production costs had been reduced. 【说明】：以上的八个时态可用于被动式，其它没有列举的时态都不宜用于被动语态的句子中。
3.一般能用主动语态时优先使用主动语态。
只在下列情况中才用被动语态：(1)不知道或没必要指出行为、动作的执行者(无须加by短语)Football is played around the world.(2)突出和强调行为或动作的承受着。
(完整)主动语态与被动语态使用
主动语态与被动语态补充材料一. 概念：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
二。
被动语态的构成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词。
三. 被动语态的时态：以为work 例1。
一般现在时： am / is/are+ worked2. 一般过去时： was / were+ worked3。
一般将来时: shall / will +be+ worked4。
过去将来时: should / would+ worked5. 现在进行时: am /is/are+ being+ worked6. 过去进行时： was /were+ being+ worked7。
过去进行时: was/were +being +worked8。
现在完成时: have/has+ been+ worked9. 过去完成时: had +been+ worked10. 将来完成时： shall/ will +have been +worked11. 过去将来完成时: should/would +have been+ worked12。
情态动词 (can/may/must/should etc。
)+be+动词的过去分词四。
用法：当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
五. 方法：Many people speak English.(主动语态)English is spoken by many people。
（被动语态)六。
注意以下问题：A。
带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语（sth。
)变为主语，须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for .用to的常见词有：give, show， send， lend， pass， pay, teach， throw， take， bring etc.用for的常见词有：make, choose, sing, play, draw, save， buy， get， leave, cook etc.eg。
第二章被动语态(二)
--> The patients are well looked after by the nurses in this hospital. 病人在这所医院里被护士们照料得很周到。
--> It was said that he had gone abroad to study English. 据说他出国学英语去了。
We haven't decided when we should go camping. 我们还未决定什么时候去野营。
--> It hasn't been decided when we should go camping. 什么时候去野营尚未决定。
Don't trust her.
--> Don't let her be trusted.
--> Let her not be trusted. 不要相信她。
H. 动词短语构成的被动语态
一般情况下，只有及物动词才能跟宾语，而不及物动词不能跟宾语，所以只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词则没有被动语态。但有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后，变成一个动词短语，相当于一个及物动词，因此就可以有被动语态。
Father expected that I should become an engineer. 父亲希望我成为工程师。
--> I was expected (by my father) to become an engineer. （父亲）希望我成为工程师。
G．祈使句的被动语态
被动语态重点知识点总结
被动语态复习“三步曲”被动语态是动词语态的一种形式,表示主语是动作的承受者。
在历年的中考题中,都有一定数量的考查被动语态的题目。
因此,有必要对被动语态进行系统复习。
第一曲:掌握被动语态的结构被动语态由"助动词+及物动词的过去分词"构成。
不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。
现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下:1.一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are+done(指及物动词的过去分词,下同)如:English is used all over the world.2.一般过去时的被动语态:was/were+done如: The picture was painted two years ago.3.现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are+being+done如: The flowers are being watered by them now.4.现在完成时的被动语态:have(has)+been+done如:The room has been cleaned.5.一般将来时的被动语态:will/be going to+be+done如:The work will be finished tomorrow.6.含有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+done如:Your homework must be handed in today.其它几种特殊句型：It is said that …….. It is well known that ……. It is reported that……..have sth done第二曲:掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法把主动语态变为被动语态时,应走好以下三步:1)主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语; 2)主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式; 3)主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构的谓语动词之后。
初中英语初二被动语态(2)
第十二讲被动语态（2）【学习目标】掌握被动语态的基本用法及特殊情况。
【知识要点】一、语态概述：英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
●主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如：Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
●被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
●例如：He opened the door.他开了门。
(主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。
(被动句)二、被动语态的构成：被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
一般现在时is/am/are +done一般过去时was/were +done一般将来时will be +done现在进行时is/am/are being +done过去进行时was/were being +done现在完成时has/have been +done情态动词can/should/may/must be done三. 主动语态变被动语态(1) 不及物动词及连系动词不能用于被动语态。
常见词有：happen, take place, look, sound, feel,smell, taste, become 等例如：the story happened on a cold night. The food tasted delicious.(2) 在主动语态中省“to”的动词不定式中，被动语态要加“to”。
常见词有：see, find, hear,watch, make 等be made to do sth be seen to do sth be heard to do sth例如：I saw him play football on the playground just now.→ He was seen to play football on the playground just now.【经典练习】1.【2012山东东营】22. If all business goes paperless, at least one million tons of paper will be______ a year.A. usedB. savedC. copiedD. offered2.【2012.山东菏泽】7. As one of the school rules, middle school students are not______ to smoke.A. orderedB. refusedC. allowedD. forbidden3.【2012 山东临沂】33. Every year, more than 70,000,000 sharks ____ for their fins.A. were killedB. have killedC. are killedD. will killed4.【2012山东泰安】32. —Mum, when can I watch TV? —As soon as your homework _______.A. finishB. finishedC. is finishedD. will be finished5.【2012山东枣庄】18. The sport of basketball _______ by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries.A. is shortB. is madeC. is playedD. is taught6.【2012广东】35. Hot water______ in the students' flats from 5 pm to 7 pm now.A. suppliesB. is suppliedC. SuppliedD. was supplied7.【2012福建福州】43. — Our classroom____________every day.—So it is. It's our duty to keep it clean and tidy.A. cleansB. is cleaningC. is cleaned8.【2012贵州贵阳】39. In order to make our hometown more beautiful, trees _______ around the city every year.A. plantB. are plantedC. will plant9.【2012.安徽省】49. The task____ in an hour. Then we can go home and have a good rest.A. was finishedB. will be finishedC. has been finishedD. can't be finished10.【2012广西玉林】38. Last year, Shenzhou-8 _______ into the space. It made us proud.A. is sentB. was sentC. sendsD. sent11、【2012 湖北黄石】35.You have to stay behind if your homework______before five o'clock.A.isn't doneB.won't be doneC.doesn't doD.wasn't done12、【2012湖北十堰】35. I ________________ little time to get ready for the test, so I wasn’t confident at that time.A. gaveB. didn’t giveC. was givenD. wasn’t given13、【2012湖北随州】29. —When and where to spend the holiday _______ yet.—Let’s make it now.A. is decidedB. doesn’t decideC. has not been decidedD. has decided14、【2012湖北咸宁】24.―Zongzi ______ to students for free in our dining hall on Dragon BoatFestival. ―Really? That sounds cool!A. offerB. have offeredC. are offeredD. will be offered15、【2012湖南常德】30. He asked me where the 2012 Olympics _______ held.A. wasB. will beC. would be16、【2012贵州安顺】27.It’s difficult for the village children to cross the river to get to school．We think a bridge_____ over the river．A．was built B．should be built C．has been built D．is being built17、【2012湖北孝感】30. Tony to take part in the talk show on CCTV-3 the day before yesterday.A. invitesB. invitedC. is invitedD. was invited18、【2012湖北宜昌】35. —Excuse me. What time is dinner in your restaurant?—From 6:00 to 9:00 on weekdays.A. predictedB. includedC. servedD. announced19、【2011湖南株洲】27. If more trees ______ planted, our city will be more beautiful.A. wereB. areC. will be20、【2012江苏淮安】8.Alice some advice on how to improve her listening skills, and she gladly acceptedMiss Green’s.A. gaveB. was givenC. givesD. is given21、【2012湖北宜昌】38. —It’s reported that some capsules（胶囊）are really bad for our health.—Sounds terrible. Hopefully the problem as soon as possible.A. is solvedB. has solvedC. was solvedD. will be solved22、【2012江苏南京】13.Yaxi, a quiet village in Ganchun, China’s first “Slow City” in November，2011.A. namesB. namedC. is namedD. was named23、【2012江苏盐城】14. In the past few years, thousands of films all over the world.A. have producedB. have been producedC. are producingD. are being produced24、【2012江西】39. —Oh, my God! I can’t find my key to the office.—Don’t worry. Perhaps it _______ at your home.A. leftB. has leftC. was leftD. had left25、【2012 内蒙古包头】34. It’s a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal .A. servesB. servedC. is servedD. will be served26.【2012 呼和浩特】7. No decision _______ about that matter yet. We are still considering it.A. has been madeB. has madeC. will be madeD. will make27\【2012广东省梅州市】42. In the old days, they_______ in the factory from morning to evening.A. were made to workB. asked to workC. made to workD. were asked for work28.【2012黔西南】21.A football match between Class Two and Class Three ________tomorrow afternoon.A. is heldB. was heldC. must be heldD. will be held29.【2011河南】( ) 30. —Have you heard of Earth Day?—Yes. The first Earth Day _________ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet.A. celebrates .B. celebratedC. is celebratedD. was celebrated30.【2012湖北黄冈】34. —Hey, Molly. You _____ on the phone just now. But you weren't here and the man left a phone number.—Oh? I was in the library.A. wantedB. are wantedC. were wantedD. have wanted31、【2012湖北襄阳】39. —It’s difficult for village children to cross the river to school.—I think a bridge _____over the river.A. should be builtB. will buildC. is builtD. was built32、【2012陕西】29. A new club _____ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.A. startsB. is startedC. has startedD. was started33、【四川成都】34. Lady Gaga is very popular, and she by many boys and girls at school. A. lovesB. is lovingC. is loved34、【2012绵阳市】6. When I called the bus service, I ________ that there was no more bus.A. was tellingB. was toldC. has toldD. had told35、【2012四川自贡】28. I think teenagers should drive. They are not serious enough.A. be allowed toB. not be allowed toC. not allow to36\【2012浙江宁波】23. —Why is your bedroom so dirty?—Sony, Mum. It _____________. I felt very tired after playing soccer.A. isn't cleanedB. didn't cleanC. doesn't cleanD. wasn't cleaned37.【2012湖南岳阳】30. The car _____ by the policeman because the driver was drunk.A. stoppedB. was stoppedC. were stopped38、【北京】34. Many accidents____ by careless drivers last year.A. are causedB. were causedC. have causedD. will cause39.【内蒙古包头】( ) 35. It will be two days before the decision_________.A. has madeB. will be madeC. was madeD. is made.40、【广西柳州】44. Half of the work ______ by now.A. has finishedB. has been finishedC. have been finished41、四川宜宾】puters ________widely in our daily life.A . use B. used C. were used D. are used42.【天津】39. Today a lot of information can _____ online.A. receiveB. be receivedC. is receivedD. receiving43、【梧州】39. A new cinema _ in our city last year.A. builtB. was builtC. will buildD. is built44.【贵州贵阳】37. We're very glad to know that a great sports meeting _________ in Guiyang this September.A. will holdB. will be heldC. will be hold45、【山东济宁】23. China has offered much help to Japan since it ______ by the earthquake and tsunami（海啸）.A. hitsB. is hitC. was hitD. will be hitKey:1-5 BCCCC 6-10 BCBBB 11-15 ACCDC16-20 BDCBB 21-25 DDBCC 26-30 AADDC31-35 ADCBB 36-40 DBBDB 41-45 DBBBC一．单项选择1. She is ofen seen _____ basketball on the playground.A playB to playC playsD playing2. Great changes ____ place. Many new schools____ .A. have taken, have been openedB. take, are openC. are taken, openD. have been taken, are opened3. The war______ in 1941.A. broke outB. had been broken outC. was broken outD. had broken out4. They ______day and night.A. are made workB. are made to workC. made to be workedD. are making to work二.用所给词的适当形式填空1．The room__________ (clean) just now2．Trees _____________ (plant) in spring every year.3．The room ________________ (should clean) every day.4．This jacket ______________ (make) of cotton.5．Sandy ________ just _________ (sweep) the floor.6．Oh, the milk ____________ (taste) strange, do you think it’s OK to drink?7．The story ____________ (happen) in 2005.8. This kind of books _________ (sell ) well every day.三、把下列句子改为被动语态1. I saw the boy run yesterday.2. He told me that he would come back soon.3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages.4. Do you water your flowers every day?5. The wind blew down the big tree last night.6. I think that he is right.7. He had not thrown the bad food.8. Mother was not mending the trousers.9. They would not take him to Beijing.10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time.。
第二册 语法精讲：被动语态
【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容被动语态语法精讲语态是动词的一种形式，它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。
英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。
①主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
Many people speak Chinese.谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
②被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
Chinese is spoken by many people.主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。
当主语是动作的承受者时，就需要用到被动语态，汉语中所说的，“汽车被撞坏了”“钢笔被修好了”等句子就是一种被动语态的句子，在汉语中常用“被”“由”等词来表示这种被动语态。
在英语中则用动词的被动语态形式来表示。
被动语态中还可用by 短语加在句后表示被动语态中动作的发出者，也就是谓语动词动作的逻辑上的主语。
Exercises:指出下面句子是主动语态还是被动语态；句子的主语是动作的发出者还是动作的承受者。
1) I have repaired the radio.我修好了收音机。
2) The radio has been repaired.收音机被修好了。
3) The students cleaned the classroom.学生们打扫了教室。
4) The classroom was cleaned by the students.教室被学生们打扫了。
（一）被动语态的构成：被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
如果有必要强调动作的执行者，则动作执行者可由介词by引出的短语表示。
助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。
1) A building was damaged by the storm.暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。
2) Our plate was made in China.我们的盘子是中国生产的。
3) My bike was stolen.我的自行车被盗了。
初三英语复习祈使句的使用和被动语态。北师大版知识精讲
初三英语复习祈使句的使用和被动语态北师大版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：复习祈使句的使用和被动语态。
二. 教学重点：1、祈使句2、被动语态3、课内知识点三. 具体内容：（一）祈使句：肯定结构：1. Do 型（即：动词原形（＋宾语）＋其他成分）Please have a seat here.2. Be 型（即：be＋表语＋其他成分）Be a good boy!3. Let 型（即：let ＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分）Let me help you.否定结构：1. Do 型和Be 型的否定形式都是在句首加don’t构成.Don’t forget me!2. Let 型的否定形式有两种: Don’t ＋let ＋宾语＋动词原形＋其他成分let ＋宾语＋not＋动词原形＋其他成分Don’t let him go./ Let him not go.3.有些可用no 开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句.No smoking!No fishing!祈使句的反意疑问句：1. 祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，用will you, 表示邀请、劝说时，用won’t you.Be sure to write to us, will you?e to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you?2. 祈使句为否定句式，反意疑问句用will you.Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you?3. let 开头的祈使句在构成反意疑问句时，除let’s用shall we外，其他都用will you.Let the boy go first, will you?Let’s take a walk after supper, shall we?（二）被动语态：1. 一般现在时：am/is/are +doneThe book is read by children.2. 一般过去时：was/were +doneHe was taken to the hospital yesterday.3. 一般将来时：will be +done/ be going to be +doneThe strawberry will be frozen in three hours.Dinner is going to be cooked at 6 o’clock.4. 情态动词+be+ doneThe meat should be kept in a fridge.注意：1、带双宾语的主动句子变为被动语态时只能将一个宾语变为主语。
高中英语Unit22EnvironmentalProtection单元语法二_被动语态学案含解析北师
candidates have been interviewed. 5．They said that the problem would_be_discussed (discuss) soon.
Mr White is greatly respected by all of us.
怀特先生很受我们大家的尊重。
(2)当没有必要说出动作的执行者或根本不知道动作的执行者是谁时常用被动语态。
Printing is introduced into Europe from China.
印刷术是从中国引入欧洲的。
一、谓语动词的被动语态 1．被动语态 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，一般来说，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语 才有被动语态。动作的执行者一般由介词 by 引起的短语来充当(常省略)。被动语态由“助动 词 be＋过去分词”构成，常用于下列三种情况： (1)当强调动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话的中心时用被动语态。
3.下列几类动词作谓语时，用主动形式表被动含义：
(1)表示开始、结束类的动词，如 start, open, close, finish, stop, end 等。
The meeting starts at 8 o'clock.
会议八点开始。
(2)表示主语特征、状态的动词，如 read, write, sell, keep, show, play, clean, look,
[即学即用 1] 单句语法填空
1．You've failed to do what you were_expected (expect) to and I'm afraid the teacher will blame you.
中考英语二轮专项复习语法被动语态考点归纳
初中英语语法专项复习之被动语态考点归纳被动语态是英语中一个重要的语法概念，它通常用于表达动作的承受者或受事者，而忽略动作的执行者。
在英语学习中，掌握被动语态的使用对于提高语言运用的准确性和丰富性至关重要。
下面我将为大家详细介绍被动语态的用法和注意事项。
一、被动语态的定义和结构被动语态表示动作的承受者是主语，而动作的执行者则通常被忽略。
它的基本结构为“be动词(am/is/are/was/were)+过去分词”。
例如:The cake was baked by my daughter. (蛋糕是我的女儿烤的。
)The book has been read many times. (这本书已经被读了很多遍。
)被动语态结构指的是动作的承受者或对象成为句子的主语，而动作的执行者“cake”则成为句子的宾语。
例如，“The cake was baked by my mom.”在这个句子中，是主语，“by my mom”是谓语动词的介词短语，表示动作的执行者是“my mom”。
考点主要集中在以下几个方面:时态和语态相结合:被动语态的句子中，动词的时态和语态需要与主语保持一致。
例如，如果主语是第三人称单数，则动词要用第三人称单数形式。
强调句:在被动语态中，通常使用强调句来强调动作的承受者。
例如，“The cake was baked by my mom”中，“by my mom”可以强调“my mom”这个承受者。
省略句:在被动语态中，有时候可以省略主语或谓语动词。
例如，“The letter was written by John”中，“John”被省略了。
否定句:在被动语态中，可以使用否定句来表示动作不是由主语执行的。
例如，“The car was not repaired by the mechanic”中，“not”表示这个动作不是由“mechanic”执行的。
复合结构:在被动语态中，可以使用复合结构来表达多个动作。
初中英语语法2被动语态笔记
被动语态被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
被动语态（一）好的方法可以把努力降低，但还是需要努力1、结构结构是be+done（过去分词）结构中的动词位置是be动词一般现在时和一般过去时，有实义动词，时表词用do does did，没有动词用be动词练习作业：4种时态各快速重复训练5遍以上【自行练习即可】2、常见的动词过去式、过去分词动词原形过去式过去分词名词吃eat ate eaten汉堡告诉tell told told他卖sell sold sold房子买buy bought bought车带bring brought brought书take took taken看see saw seen他些write wrote written书偷steal stole stolen钱给give gave given他扔throw threw thrown钥匙咬bite bit bitten你开除fire fired fired他找到find found found钥匙移动move moved moved沙发制造make made made决定建造build built built地铁解决solve solved solved问题举行hold held held会议邀请invite invited invited他拒绝refuse refused refused他惩罚punish punished punished他选择choose chose chosen他养育raise raised raised他结束finish finished finished作业完成complete completed completed任务翻译translate translated translated书被动语态（二）先学到80%，就可以往后走，后面学的时候，前面也会慢慢上升，到上到95%的时候，再用新的理解去看待那5%1、区别疑问词我想问的就是“疑问词”这辆车被谁卖了by whom was this car sold疑问句介词提前，本身是的主系表加介词短语【陈述句会讲到】这辆车被卖给谁了to whom was this car sold谁被卖了who was who sold疑问词和主语相同省略疑问词who was sold2、lend和borrow的区别①对主语来说borrow：借入lend：借出举例：他借了你多少钱（对于他来说借入borrow）how much money did he borrow you borrow from you也可以他借给你多少钱（对于他来说借出lend）how much money did he lend you lend to you也可以②被动语态汇中的用法你的手机被谁借走了/谁借走了你的手机（主语是谁借入borrow）by whom was your phone borrowed/who borrowed your phone你把手机借给谁了（主语是你借出lend）to whom did you lend the phone被动语态（三）1、一般疑问句中的被动语态句子疑问词时表词主语句剩动词其他（done）他被开除了吗Was he fired这个问题会被解决Is this problem going to be solved吗这个房子被卖给他Was this house sold to him了吗那个会议正在北京Is the meeting being held in BJ被举行吗【知识点】两个疑问词可以用and连起来他什么时候在哪被找到的where and when was he found他什么时候又是怎么来的when and how did he come【选做】罪犯被逮捕了吗罪犯：criminal逮捕：arrest那个病人正在被抢救吗病人：patient抢救：rescue错误被改正了吗错误：mistake改正：correct他被打败了吗打败：defeat他是被他的父母抛弃了吗抛弃：abandon句子疑问词时表词主语句剩动词其他（done）罪犯被逮捕了吗那个病人正在被抢救吗错误被改正了吗他被打败了吗2、much与many1、how many how much首先表示数量的话要加名词many加可数名词，much加不可数名词how many apples how many times how much milk2、how much还可以表示程度much就做副词了，对动作程度进行表述how much do you like him3、how much还可以意为“多少钱”时,可单独使用,也可构成词组how much money,但英语中常省略money,用来询问某物的价钱、价格.how much is the book？。
中考复习专题 被动语态(二)一般过去时
No, they weren’t.
3. This letter was received just now.
Was this letter received just now ?
Yes,it was.
No, it wasn’t.特殊疑问句： NhomakorabeaWhen
1. The bridge was built in 1998.
bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,promise,read, return,send,show,teach,tell,leave,throw,take, write等。 (需要借助for 的) 如：buy sb sth=buy sth for sb build,buy,call,change,cook,choose,do,draw, envy,fetch,find,forgive,gain,get,make,order, sing,save,spare,win等。
主 谓 直宾 间宾
当直接宾语变成主语时，间接宾语前面加 to, 也留在被动结构谓语后面。
He gave a gift to me yesterday. by him A gift was given
带有双宾语的被动语态：
1. Lily’s father bought her some books. _________________ __________ ____ __________________
主 谓 直宾 间宾
by her father.
被动语态（二）--- 一般过去时
被动语态结构：
主语 + be done + by sb
一般过去时的被动语态结构：
was 主语 + be done + by sb were
高二英语被动语态
高二英语被动语态一、被动语态的构成被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。
助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。
十种常见时态的被动语态1、一般现在时被动语态：am/is/are done2、一般过去时被动语态：was/were done3、一般将来时被动语态：will/shall be done4、一般过去将来时被动语态：would be done5、现在进行时被动语态：am/is/are being done6、过去进行时被动语态：was/were being done7、现在完成时被动语态：has/have been done8、过去完成时被动语态：had been done9、将来完成时被动语态：will/shall have been done10、过去将来完成时被动语态：would have been done“get+过去分词”结构被动语态除常用“be +过去分词”构成外，还可用“get+过去分词”结构。
这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果。
高二例题1、--China's 23rd Beidou Satellite__________into space on June 12，2016．--As Chinese，we are proud of it．A．has sent B．is sent C．will send D．was sent【考点】一般过去时的被动语态．【分析】---2016年6月12日，中国第二十三颗北斗卫星被发射到太空．---作为中国人，我们对此感到骄傲．【解答】答案：D首先根据句中时间状语June 12，2016判断句子中的谓语动词用一般过去时，主语China's 23rd Beidou Satellite是谓语动词send的承受者，二者形成被动关系，所以用被动语态，故该空处用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为：主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词，主语China's 23rd Beidou Satellite是单数名词，be动词用was，send的过去分词是sent，套用结构故选D2、--Aunt Li，who is the pretty girl in red in the picture？--It's my daughter．The picture ________ 10 years ago．A．took B．is taken C．has taken D．was taken【考点】一般过去时的被动语态．【分析】--李阿姨，相片里那个穿着红色衣服的漂亮的女孩是谁？--是我的女儿．这幅照片拍摄于10年以前．【解答】答案：D．首先根据时间状语10 years ago，判断句子中的谓语动词用一般过去时，主语The picture 是动作take的承受者，表示"被拍摄"，所以用被动语态，一般过去时被动语态的构成是：主语+was/were+动词的过去分词，主语是单数名词，be动词用was，故选D3、--Wow!Your hat look so beautiful．--It_________by my Aunt．She is working in China．A．has bought B．had bought C．is bought D．was bought【考点】一般过去时的被动语态．【分析】--哇，你的帽子看上去好漂亮！--是我的姑姑买的，她在中国工作．【解答】答案：D．首先根据答语的句意"是我的姑姑买的"，动作发生在过去，判断句子中的谓语动词用一般过去时，主语it是动作buy的承受者，表示"被买"，所以用被动语态，一般过去时被动语态的构成是：主语+was/were+动词的过去分词，主语是it，be动词用was，故选D4、It is reported that UEFA Euro Cup 2016 _______ in France on June11th．And many Chinese fans went there to watch it．A．holds B．was held C．held D．is held【考点】一般过去时的被动语态．【分析】据报道2016年欧洲杯6月11日在法国举行．许多中国球迷去那里观看比赛．【解答】答案：B通过观察句子结构It is reported that UEFA Euro Cup 2016 _______ in France on June 11th可知该句为含有主语从句的复合句，其中主句it is reported 是一般现在时，从句可以用所需要的时态，根据时间状语on June 11th表示一个过去的时间，故从句的时态为一般过去时，再根据从句的主语UEFA Euro Cup 2016 是谓语动词hold的承受者，二者形成被动关系，故用被动语态，故谓语动词为一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were+及物动词的过去分词，根据主语UEFA Euro Cup 2016 是单数形式，故动词be用was，hold的过去分词为held，套用结构，故选B5、Artemisinin _______by Tu Youyou，a great Chinese scientist．A．was invented B．invented C．has invented【考点】一般过去时的被动语态．【分析】青蒿素是中国伟大科学家屠呦呦发明的．【解答】答案：A结合语境可知屠呦呦发明青蒿素描述的是过去发生的事情故确定时态为一般过去时，主语Artemisinin是谓语动词invent的承受者，二者为被动关系所以用被动语态，故该空处为一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为：主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词，主语Artemisinin是单数名词，be动词用was，invent 的过去分词是invented，套用结构，故选A。
谓语动词的被动语态
在主动句中跟省to 动词不定式，但改被动结构必须加 to
see sb. do ------- be seen to do make sb. do ------ be made to do hear sb. do -------be heard to do Eg. They made him go there alone. 他们让他自己去那里。
被动语态谓语
am/is/are done was/were done will be done am/is/are going to be done am/is/are being done was/were being done
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时
have/has done
have/has been done
三、单项选择 1. – Do you often clean your classroom? - Yes. Our classroom ____ every day. A. clean B. cleans C. is cleaned D. is cleaning 2. -Did you go to Jack’s birthday party? -No, I _______. A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite
He was made to go there alone. 他被迫自己去那里。
2、主+谓+间接宾语sb. + 直接宾语sth. （双宾语）有两种方法： (1) （主动结构的）间接宾语 改 （被动语态的）主语
(2) 间接宾语 改 （被动结构的）主语时 注意必须在间接宾语前加 to 或 for。
24 被动语态(二)
F: Yes, she was transferred to the main office downtown.
M: I see. What about you? Were you promoted too?
F: No, at least not yet. But I was given a new office.
F: Haven't you heard? Where have you been, anyway?
M: I was sent to Chicago. I just got back.
F: Well, a lot of changes were made last week. For one thing, Marta was transferred.
M: should be
F: The graduates should be placed in management jobs.
M: are being
F: The graduates are being placed in management jobs.
M: are
F: The graduates are placed in management jobs.
M: Where is she now? Was she promoted?
F: Yes, she was transferred to the main office downtown.
M: I see. What about you? Were you promoted too?
F: No, at least not yet. But I was given a new office.
英语被动语态形式
英语被动语态形式
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、时态和数的变化是由be来体现的。
二、被动语态的用法
1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态。
常用于文字说明、
小说等。
2.当动作的执行者不是句子主语时，尤其是执行者含糊不清，或者没有必要
说明动作的执行者时使用被动语态。
3.强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。
尤其是在“by+动作执行者”的结构
中，常使用被动语态。
4.在一些表示愿望、请求、建议、要求、禁止、劝告等的动词后面所带的宾
语从句中，常用被动语态。
5.一些表达客观事实或普遍真理的句子要用被动语态。
三、主动语态变为被动语态的方法
1.将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2.将谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词)。
3.将主动结构中的主语移到句尾，变成by的宾语。
四、需要注意的问题
1.含有双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，可将其中任何一个宾语变为主语，
另一个宾语仍放在句尾，也可将两个宾语均变为主语。
但人们通常将to sb.
/sth. 保留在句末。
2.在主动结构中，如果省略主语，有时会造成被动词组无动作执行者的情况，
这时成为无主语句(即被动结构)。
第二册 语法精讲：被动语态
【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容被动语态语法精讲语态是动词的一种形式，它用来表示句中主语同谓语动词之间的关系。
英语有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。
①主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
Many people speak Chinese.谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
②被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。
Chinese is spoken by many people.主语Chinese是动词speak的承受者。
当主语是动作的承受者时，就需要用到被动语态，汉语中所说的，“汽车被撞坏了”“钢笔被修好了”等句子就是一种被动语态的句子，在汉语中常用“被”“由”等词来表示这种被动语态。
在英语中则用动词的被动语态形式来表示。
被动语态中还可用by 短语加在句后表示被动语态中动作的发出者，也就是谓语动词动作的逻辑上的主语。
Exercises:指出下面句子是主动语态还是被动语态；句子的主语是动作的发出者还是动作的承受者。
1) I have repaired the radio.我修好了收音机。
2) The radio has been repaired.收音机被修好了。
3) The students cleaned the classroom.学生们打扫了教室。
4) The classroom was cleaned by the students.教室被学生们打扫了。
（一）被动语态的构成：被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
如果有必要强调动作的执行者，则动作执行者可由介词by引出的短语表示。
助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。
1) A building was damaged by the storm.暴风雨毁坏了一座建筑物。
2) Our plate was made in China.我们的盘子是中国生产的。
3) My bike was stolen.我的自行车被盗了。
第二章 被动语态
某些表示状态的及物动词用于被动语态时，通常用with表示动作的实施者。如：
cram, crowd, decorate, fill, fit, lay, ornament, pack, supply等。
有些表示状态的及物动词则用by。 如：
conceal, exceed, illuminate, inhabit, occupy, overshadow等。
Other forms
infinitive -ing form used to modals need to / have to Need + -ing
Passive form: be+ past participle (+ by + agent)
The union is run by 7 executive officers. The union is being run by 7 executive officers. The union was run by 7 executive officers. The union was being run by 7 executive officers. The union has been run by 7 executive officers. The union had been run by 7 executive officers. The union is going to be run by 7 executive officers. The union will be run by 7 executive officers.
注意： 有些主动语态的不及物动词可以有被动的意思。如burn, clean, cook, draw, read, wash, write 等那些可与badly, easily, well之类副词连用的动词： The essay reads smoothly. (这篇散文读起来很流畅。) My new pen writes well. (我的新钢笔很好使。) Umbrellas well best in the rainy season. (伞在雨季最好卖。)
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⼆.被动语态动词语态（Voice）是表示动词主语与动词所表示的动作之间关系的⼀种动词形式。
动词语态有两种：主动语态（T he Act ive Voice）和被动语态（T he Passive Voice）。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执⾏者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
动词被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成。
⼀ 能⽤于被动语态的动词特征1．只有及物动词才能⽤于被动语态。
例如：T he poem was writ t en by him. 这⾸诗是他写的。
A new element has been discovered by t he scient ist. ⼀个新元素已被这位科学家发现。
2．注意某些及物动词语态的正确使⽤（1）表示情感的动词excit e 使…激动，int erest 使…产⽣兴趣，sat isfy 使…满意，delight 使…⾼兴，please 使…⾼兴，ast onish使…惊奇，puzzle 使…困惑，confuse 使…糊涂，embarrass 使…尴尬，annoy 使…不悦，amaze 使…惊异，等。
例如：T he news excit ed us. 消息使我们激动。
We were excit ed at t he news. 听到消息我们很激动。
T he int erview sat isfied t he manager. 访谈使经理满意。
T he manager was sat isfied wit h t he int erview. 经理对访谈很满意。
（2）表示受伤的动词hurt, injure, wound。
例如：T he driver hurt himself in t he accident.T he driver was hurt in t he accident. 驾驶员在事故中受伤。
T he bullet wounded his back.He was wounded in t he back. 他背部被⼦弹打伤。
（3）其他动词如base 以…为基础，line 沿…排列，fill 使…充满，separat e 使…分离，crowd 塞满，cover 覆盖，等。
例如：He based his film on a t rue st ory.His film was based on a t rue st ory. 他的影⽚以⼀个真实故事为基础。
Green t rees line t he highway.T he highway is lined wit h green t rees. 绿树沿公路排列。
She covered t he floor wit h a red carpet.T he floor was covered wit h a red carpet. 地板上铺着红地毯。
T he st rait separat es t he island from t he mainland.T he island is separat ed from t he mainland by t he st rait. 海峡把岛和⼤陆隔开。
⼆ 不能⽤于被动语态的动词特征1．不及物动词不能⽤作被动语态某些不及物动词，如happen, disappear, belong (t o), rise, consist等不可以误⽤于被动语态。
例如：（误）T he t ruck isn’t belonged t o t he fact ory.（正）T he t ruck doesn’t belong t o t he fact ory. 这辆卡⻋不属于这家⼯⼚。
（误）A horse was appeared in t he dist ance.（正）A horse appeared in t he dist ance. 远处出现了⼀匹⻢。
（误）T he incident was happened in 1930.（正）T he incident happened in 1930. 事件发⽣在1930年。
（误）Indonesia is consist ed of more t han t en t housand islands.（正）Indonesia consist s of more t han t en t housand islands.（正）Indonesia is composed of more t han t en t housand islands.印度尼⻄亚由⼀万多个岛屿组成。
连系动词不能⽤于被动语态。
例如：Junk food t ast es good, but it is bad for our healt h. 垃圾⻝品味道虽好，但对⼈体有害。
Her face t urned pale. 她脸⾊变得苍⽩。
His conclusion proved t o be wrong. 他的结论证明是错的。
表示度量的动词如measure（有…⻓，宽），weigh（重若⼲）不⽤于被动语态。
例如：T he swimming pool measures t went y-five met res across. 游泳池宽25⽶。
T he sat ellit e weighs t wo t ons. 这枚卫星重两吨。
2．不能⽤作被动语态的及物动词（1）以⾃身代词为宾语。
例如：T he boy t aught himself French. 这个男孩⾃学法语。
T he st ranger called himself Green. 陌⽣⼈⾃称格林。
注意某些“动词＋⾃身代词”组成的惯⽤词组与该动词被动结构意义相同。
例如：He devot es himself t o t he research of ant i-cancer drugs.He is devot ed t o t he research of ant i-cancer drugs. 他致⼒于抗癌药物研究。
T hey accust omed t hemselves t o t he new cult ural background.T hey were accust omed t o t he new cult ural background. 他们习惯于新⽂化背景。
He commit t ed himself t o raising funds for t he charit ies.He was commit t ed t o raising funds for t he charit ies. 他承诺为慈善机构筹款。
We concern ourselves wit h children from poor families.We are concerned wit h children from poor families. 我们关⼼来⾃贫困家庭的孩⼦。
T hey seat ed t hemselves round t he t able.T hey were seat ed round t he t able. 他们围桌就座。
（2）以相互代词为宾语。
例如：We oft en help each ot her. 我们经常互相帮助。
Count ries, big or small, should support one anot her. 国家不分⼤⼩应该互相⽀持。
（3）带同源宾语的动词。
例如：He lived a hard life on t he farm. 他在农场过着艰苦的⽣活。
T he soldier died a heroic deat h in t he bat t le. ⼠兵在战⽃中英勇牺牲了。
（4）某些表示状态的及物动词，如fit 合适，hold 容纳，lack 缺少，cost 值，deserve 值得，等。
例如：T he pair of t rousers fit s me perfect ly. 这条裤⼦很适合我。
T he lect ure hall can hold 200 people. 演讲厅能容纳200⼈。
T he young man lacks confidence. 这个⻘年缺少⾃信。
T he necklace cost s about 2,000 dollars. 项链价值约2,000美元。
He deserves t he honour. 他值得得到这个荣誉。
三 动词被动语态的⽤法1．表示主语是动作的承受者，动作执⾏者⼀般为by引出的词组。
例如：All t he cars have been checked by t he mechanic. 所有的汽⻋都已被机械师检查过。
T he speech was writ t en by a young man. 这份演说词是⼀个年轻⼈写的。
T he pat ient s are looked aft er by a young nurse. 这些病⼈由⼀位年轻护⼠照顾。
T he design of t he new hot el will be made by a famous archit ect. 新旅馆将由⼀位著名建筑师设计。
2．侧重说明主语接受动作，⽆须或⽆法知道动作的执⾏者是谁。
例如：T he let t er was writ t en in English. 这封信是⽤英语写的。
T he silkworms were first raised in China t housands of years ago. 蚕是⼏千年前最早在中国饲养的。
T he sent ence can be t ranslat ed in anot her way. 这个句⼦可以⽤另⼀种⽅法翻译。
T he t ables and benches are made of st one. 桌凳是⽤⽯头造的。
四 转换成被动语态时应注意的有关结构1. SVO（1）这种结构在转换时把宾语作主语，把主语改为by引导的词组。
例如：Rose broke t he window. 罗丝打碎了窗⼦。
T he window was broken by Rose. 窗⼦使罗丝打碎的。
（2）如果宾语为t hat引导的宾语从句，那么可以转化为it作形式主语的名词性从句，如It is report ed/suggest ed/hoped t hat…例如：We know t hat Brit ain is an island count ry.It is known t hat Brit ain is an island count ry. 众所周知英国是个岛国。