不定式动名词和过去分词作定语的比较

不定式、-ing形式和过去分词作定语的比较

一、不定式作定语

不定式作定语要放在它所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，即不定式的动作发生在谓语之后。多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词，表示“有…要…”或修饰“the+序数词”。注意：不定式作定语，被修饰的词是不定式动作发生的时间、地点、工具或对象时，要加上适当的介词。如：

1.When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person________.

A. to send

B. for sending it

C. to send it to

D. for sending it to

2.There are five pairs________,but I’m at a loss which to choose.

A. to be chosen

B. to choose from

C. to choose

D. for choosing

4.Then there are always people to________ if you fell like a chat.

A. talk to

B. talk

C. speak about

D. speak

二、分词作定语

单个的分词放在所修饰的名词前(left等除外)，分词短语放在所修饰的名词后。被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，现在分词表示正在发生或与谓语同时发生；被修饰的名词与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，过去分词的动作发生在谓语之前或没有时间性。注意：现在分词的完成式通常只作状语，而不能作定语。

1.The flowers________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beaut y of nature.

A. to smell

B. smelling

C. smelt

D. to be smelt

2.Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures___ _____ in your mind instead of before your eyes.

A. to form

B. form

C. forming

D. having formed

4.Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,________ as 3M.

A. knowing

B. known

C. being known

D. to be known

5.The picture________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.

A. having hung

B. hanging

C. hangs

D. being hung

6.The disc, digitally________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (上海卷)

A. recorded

B. recording

C. to be recorded

D. having recorded

7.The first textbooks________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. having written

B. to be written

C. being written

D. written

三、to be done, being done, done作定语的区别

to be done表示将来，being done表示目前正在发生，done表示过去己经发生。如：The meeting to be held tomorrow is important. 明天要开的会很重要。

The meeting being held now is important. 现在正在开的这个会很重要。

The meeting held yesterday was important. 昨天开的那个会议很重要。

单个动名词作定语只放在名词前，说明该名词的性能或用途，不表动作，被修饰的名词与动名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系。如drinking water =water for drinking饮用水，clim bing shoes =shoes for climbing登山鞋。