第三章商务英语缩略语与习惯用语的翻译

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商务英语缩略语商务英语中缩略词的运用及翻译

商务英语缩略语商务英语中缩略词的运用及翻译导读：就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“商务英语中缩略词的运用及翻译”的资讯，希望对您有所帮助，感谢您对的支持!L/C=letter of credit[14]This is a common sentence in the payment of business English , the “D/P at sight” is a commercial terms, should be translated as “即期跟单汇票”.And “in favor of” is usually translated as “赞同” in daily life, but here it’s proper meaning is “以…为受益人”; while “collection” is “收取，收集” as its original meaning, and here it is “托收”——a kind of payment in import and export business.This method can save much time when business people arenegotiating, but the disadvantage is also very obvious—for other people, sometimes they will feel confused about the meaning.4.4 Combination of transliteration and additionFor some abbreviations, we have not the accurate Chinese translation, So we translate them by using a combination of transliteration and paraphrasing.For example:ST: Early accurate gene diagnosis of HD is very important. TT: 亨廷顿病的早期准确基因诊断非常重要。

商务英语常见缩略词和缩略方法

Bike (bicycle自行车)
CHOKKY (chocolate巧克力)
(11)前后两个或两个以上单词各取一个以上的字母，这种缩略语较难识读，
如：chpd(chargespaid付讫费用)
grwt(grossweight总重)
REACTION (Rem0teAccessInformation远程存取信息)
WESTCOMMRGN (WesternCommunicationsRegion西方通讯区域)
如：S／C
(Sales Confirmation 销售确认书)
C．I．A (Cash In Advance
预付现金)
VAT
(Value Added Tax
增值税)
L／C (Letter Of Credit
信用证)
(2)取一个词的前一部分，去掉余下部分。如： spec．(specification规格；尺寸) doc． (document凭证、单据、文件) Imp．&Exp．(ImportandExport进出口)
Business English
谐音缩略法
谐音缩略法是指用一个或多个同音或近音字母代替原词，这种缩写法常用于单音词和少数双音节词的缩写可按拼音或字母音拼读。
Example
BIZ (business) B (BE)
U (you)
R (are)
V (we)
OFA (offer)
OZ (ounce盎司)
截词缩略法
截词缩略法是通过截略原词的一部分构成缩略语的方式这是缩略语最常用的构词方法截词缩略法又可细分为以下11种情况：
(8)第一个单词缩写加第二个整词如：E—mail (electronic mail 电子邮件) QUINK (quick-drying ink 派克墨水)

商务英语缩略语与习惯用语的翻译

3. 拼缀缩略词将两个或两个以上的词通过某种方式省略合成为一个新词。从形态结构上来看，拼缀词可分为五大类: (1). 保留第一个词的首部加上第二个词的尾部构成，例如：bit (binary +digit 二进制数，位）； transistor （transfer +resistor 晶体管）； telecast （television +broadcast 电视广播）； advertistics (advertising +statistics 广告统计学）。 (2). 一个词的首部和另一个词的首部相拼缀。如： hi-fi (hight +fidelity 高保真); comint ( communicatoins + intelligence )通信情报系统。
2. 裁剪缩略语通过截略原词的一部分来构成缩略语。截减法与首字母缩略发不同，他并不创造新词，只是把原词缩短，删去一个或一个以上的音节，以新的读法、拼写形式出现。包括： (1)截割词首部的缩略词截取词的首部，留下词的尾部。如：phone（telephone 电话）； bus （omnibus 公共汽车）；chute （parachute 降落伞）等。（2）截取词尾部的缩略词截取词的尾部，留取首部构成。如：expo （exposition 博览会）； comm （commission 佣金）；inv （invoice 发票）；asap （as soon as possible 尽早）；CO （company 公司）；add （address 地址）；diam （diameter 直径) 等。
（3）有的缩略语大小写通用。如：FOB/f.o.b.(free on board 货物离岸价格); Ave/ave（avenue大街); MAX/Max,max (maximun 最大）； 3. 缩略语的语法缩略语的语法通常指它的数，通常有单数、复数和不确定数。 (1) 缩略词的复数形式一般有两种：一是加-s构成。如：hr （hour）-hours; m.d.(market day)-m.d.s; (2) 有些表度量衡的缩略词，其复数往往不加-s.如：ft （foot） -ft; m(metre)-m; (3)有些单词是重复最后一个缩写字母来表示复数。如： page缩写为p，表单数，pp.就表示“从……页到…页； folio（页数）缩略为f.,表单数，ff.则表示复数等等。

商务英语常用缩略语..

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T. ov e rti m e加班OTC o ver-the-co u nte r marke t市场外交易市场OVA overhead v ari a nce a nalys i s 间接费用差异分析OW o f fer wan t ed寻购启示OWE o pti m um w ork i ng ef ficie n cy 最佳工作效率oz ou nce(s)盎司ozws. ot h erw i se否则Pp penny; pence; per 便士；便士；每P paid th i s year 该年（红利）已付p. pi n t品托（1/8 加仑）P.A. p art i cul a r a v era ge;pow e r o f at t orn e y 单独海损；委托书P.A. per s ona l ac c oun t;priv a te account 个人账户、私人账户p.a., per ann.pe r annu m每年P&A p r ofe s sio n al and ad minis t rat i ve职业的和管理的P&I c l aus e p r ote c tio n and i n dem n ity clause 保障与赔偿条款P&L p r ofi t and loss 盈亏，损益P/A pa yme n t o f ar r iva l货到付款P/C p r ice cat a log;pr ic e cur r ent价格目录；现行价格P/E p ric e/ea r nin g市盈率P/H p ier-to-h ous e从码头到仓库P/N p r omi s sor y no t e期票，本票P/P posted pr i ce(股票等)的牌价PAC pu t and c a ll卖出和买入期权pat. p ate n t专利PAYE pay as you earn 所得税预扣法PAYE pay as you e nte r进入时支付PBT p rof i t before taxation 税前利润pc pi e ce;prices 片，块；价格pcl. p arc e l包裹pd paid 已付per p r o. per pro c ura ti onem（拉丁）由...代理PF p r oje c t f i nan c e项目融资PFD p ref e rre d stock 优先股pk peck 配克（1/4 蒲式耳）PMO p ost a l m o ney order 邮政汇票P.O.C.po rt o f c a ll寄航港，停靠地P.O.D.p l ace of d eli ve ry交货地点P.O.D.po rt o f de sti na tion;por t of discharge 目的港；卸货港P.O.R.pa yab l e on re ce ipt货到付款P.P. payback per i od（投资的）回收期P.P.I.po lic y proof of interest 凭保证单证明的保险利益POE po rt o f en try报关港口POP ad ver t isi ng p oin t-of-pu r cha s e ad ver t isi ng购物点广告POR pay on r e tur n收益PR pa yme n t r e cei v ed付款收讫PS po sts c rip t又及PV pa r v a lue;pr e sen t value 面值；现值Qq. quarto 四开，四开本Q. qua nti t y 数量QB qua lif i ed b uye r s 合格的购买者QC qua lit y co n tro l质量控制QI qu art e rly index 季度指数qr. q uar t er四分之一，一刻钟QT que sti oned tra de有问题交易QTIB Q ual i fie d Te r min al Inte r est Property Tr us t附带可终止权益的财产信托quad. quad rup l ica t e一式四份中的一份quotn.quo tat i on报价q.v. quod vide (which see) 参阅q.y. query 查核RR opt i on not t rad ed没有进行交易的期权R. response; r egi s ter ed;ret u rn答复；已注册；收益r. ra t e;r upee;r u ble比率；卢比；卢布RAD r e sea r ch and d eve lo pment研究和开发RAM d ive r se annu i ty mo rtgag e逆向年金抵押RAN r eve nue a nti c ipa ti on no t e收入预期债券R&A r a il and a ir铁路及航空运输R&D r e sea r ch and d eve lo pment研究与开发R&T r a il and t ruc k 铁路及卡车运输R&W r a il and w ate r铁路及水路运输R/A r e fer to acceptor 洽询（汇票）承兑人R/D r e fer to d raw e r（银行）洽询出票人RB re g ula r budget 经常预算RCA r e lat i ve c omp a rat iv e advantage 相对比较优势RCMM reg i ste r ed c omp et itive market m ake r注册的竞争市场自营商rcvd. received 已收到r.d.running days=consecutive days 连续日RDTC r egi s ter ed de pos it taki ng company 注册接受存款公司Re. s u bje c t主题re. w i th r efe r enc e to 关于RECEIVED B/L received for shipment b ill of lading 待装云提单REER r eal eff e cti v e exchange rat e实效汇率ref. r efe r ee;ref e ren ce;ref e r(r e d)仲裁者；裁判；参考；呈递REO r eal estate owned 拥有的不动产REP i mpo r t r e pla c eme nt进口替代REP O f fic e re p res e nta ti ve of f ice代办处，代表处REPO, rep u,RP Repurchase Ag r eem e nt再回购协议req. r equ i sit i on要货单，请求REVOLVER r evo l vin g le tt er of cre d it循环信用证REWR read and wr i te读和写RIEs recognized i nve st ment exchanges 认可的投资交易（所）Rl r o ll卷RLB r est rict ed li cen se bank 有限制牌照银行RM re m itt a nce汇款rm r o om房间RMB R E NMI N BI人民币，中国货币RMS R o yal Mai l St e ame r皇家邮轮RMSD R oya l Ma il S p eci al Delivery 皇家邮政专递RMT R a il and M ari t ime T ransp o rt U nio n铁路海运联盟ROA r e tur n on ass e t资产回报率ROC r e tur n on cap i tal资本收益率ROE r e tur n on equ i ty股本回报率ROI r e tur n on inv e stm en t投资收益ROP r egi s ter ed op tio n princ i pal记名期权本金ro-ro rol l-on/rol l-of f vesse l滚装船ROS r e tur n on sales 销售收益率RPB R e cog n ize d Pr o fes si onal Body 认可职业（投资）机构RPI r eta il p r ice index 零售物价指数RPM r esa l e p r ice maintenance 零售价格维持措施（计划）rpt.repeat 重复RRP R eve r se R epu r cha se Agre e men t逆回购协议RSL r a te s ens i tiv e li ab ility利率敏感性债务RSVP please r e ply请回复RT R o yal t y T r ust特权信托RTM r egi s ter ed t r ade m ark注册商标Rto r ati o比率RTO r ound tr i p op era ti on往返作业RTS r ate of t ech n ica l subst i tut i on技术替代率RTW r igh t to work 工作权利RUF r e vol v ing unde rwr it ing f a cil i ty循环式包销安排RYL r e fer r ing to your l etter参照你方来信RYT r e fer r ing to your t elex参照你方电传SS no o pti on o f fer ed无期权出售S spl i t o r stock d ivi ded拆股或股息S signed 已签字s second; shi l lin g秒；第二；先令SA s e mi-annua l pa yme nt半年支付SA S o uth Afr i ca南非SAA s p eci a l a r bit r age a ccoun t特别套作账户SAB s p eci a l a s ses s men t bond 特别估价债券sae s t amp ed addressed envelope 已贴邮票、写好地址的信封SAFE S tat e Ad m ini s tra ti on of Foreign Exchange 国家外汇管理局SAIC S tat e Ad m ini s tra ti on for In d ust r y and Commerce （中国）国家工商行政管理局SAP S t ate m ent of A udi ti ng Procedure 《审计程序汇编》SAR S p eci a l A d min i str ative R e gio n特别行政区SAS S t ate m ent of A udi ti ng St anda r d《审计准则汇编》SASE sel f-ad d res s ed st amped envelope 邮资已付有回邮地址的信封SAT (C hin a)S t ate Adm in istra t ion of T axa t ion（中国）国家税务局SATCOM s a tel l ite com mu nicat i on卫星通讯SB sh o rt b ill短期国库券；短期汇票SB sa l es b ook; saving bond; savings bank 售货簿；储蓄债券；储蓄银行SBC S w iss Bank Co r p.瑞士银行公司SBIC Sma ll B usi n ess I nvest m ent Cor p ora t ion小企业投资公司SBIP s mal l business i ns uranc e po l icy小型企业保险单SBLI S avi n gs Bank Lif e Insurance 储蓄银行人寿保险SBN S tan d ard Book Nu mb er标准图书号SC sales con t rac t销售合同sc sc i lic e t namely 即SC su p pli e r c r edi t卖方信贷SCF s u ppl i er c red i t f in ance卖方信贷融资Sch sc hil l ing（奥地利）先令SCIRR sp e cia l CIRR 特别商业参考利率SCL s ecu rity cha r acter istic lin e证券特征线SCORE sp e cia l cl a im on resi d ual equ i ty对剩余财产净值的特别要求权SD s t anda rd dedu c tio n标准扣除额SDB s p eci a l d i str i ct bond 特区债券SDBL sig h t d r aft,bi ll of l a din g at t ach ed即期汇票，附带提货单SDH sy nch r onou s d i git al hier a rch y 同步数字系统SDR s t rai g ht discount r ate直线贴现率SDRs s pec i al d raw i ng ri ghts特别提款权SE sh a reh o lde r s'e qui ty股东产权SE Stock Exchange 股票交易所SEA S i ngl e Eu r opean A ct《单一欧洲法案》SEAF S toc k Exchange A ut omatic Exchange F a cil it y 股票交易所自动交易措施SEATO Sou t hea s t A sia T reaty Orga niz a tio n东南亚公约组织sec s eco n d(a r y);secretary 第二，次级；秘书sect. sec t ion部分Sen s e nat o r参议院Sept. Sep t emb e r九月SET s ele c tiv e em p loy me nt tax 单一税率工资税sextu p lic a te（文件）一式六份中的一份SEC s pec i al economic zone 经济特区SF s i nki ng f und偿债基金Sfr S w iss Frank 瑞士法郎SFS S u mma r y F i nan c ial S tatem e nts财务报表概要sgd. signed 已签署SHEX Sundays and holidays e x cep t ed星期日和假日除外SHINC Sundays and ho li days i ncl uded星期日和假日包括在内shpd. sh i pped已装运shpg. sh i ppi ng正装运shpt. sh i pme n t装运，船货SI St a tut o ry I nst r ume nt;Sys t em o f U n its有效立法；国际量制SIC S t anda rd I ndu s tri al Class ifi c ati on标准产业分类SIP s t ruc t ure d insurance products 结构保险产品SITC S tan d ard Int e rna ti onal Trade Cl a ssi f ica ti on国际贸易标准分类sk sack 袋，包SKD s epa r ate kno c k-k no wn部分散件SLC s t andb y LC 备用信用证SMA s p eci a l m i sce l lan eo us ac c oun t特别杂项账户SMEs sma ll and m e diu m-sized ent e rpr i ses中小型企业SMI S w iss Market I nde x 瑞士市场指数SML s e cur i ty m ark e t l in e证券市场线SMTP s upp l eme n tal med iu m ter m po l icy辅助中期保险SN stock n umb e r股票编号Snafu Sit u ati on N o rma l,All Fouled Up 情况还是一样，只是都乱了SOE s t ate-own ed en ter prises国有企业SOF S tat e Ow n ers h ip Fund 国家所有权基金sola sola bil l, s o la draft, sola of exchange （拉丁）单张汇票sov. s ove r eig n金镑=20 先令SOYD s um o f t he y e ar's digit s me t hod年数加总折旧法spec. spe c ifi c ati on规格；尺寸SPF spare par t s f i nan ci ng零部件融资SPQR s mal l pr o fit s,quick re t urn s 薄利多销SPS s pec i al purpose se curit i es特设证券Sq. square 平方；结清SRM s t anda rd r epa i r m an ual标准维修手册SRP S a lar y Re d uct i on Plan 薪水折扣计划SRT S p ous a l R e mai n der T rust配偶幸存者信托ss s e mis, one ha l f一半SS so c ial sec u rit y 社会福利ST sh o rt t erm短期ST s p eci a l t r eat m ent(liste d st o ck)特别措施（对有问题的上市股票）St. D ft.sig h t d r aft即期汇票STB s p eci a l t a x bond 特别税债务STIP s hor t-te r m i n sur an ce po l icy短期保险单sub s ubs c rip t ion;subs titut e订阅，签署，捐助；代替Sun Sunday 星期日sund. su n dri e s 杂货，杂费sup. sup p ly供应，供货Tt tim e;t e mpe r atu r e时间；温度T. to n;t a re吨；包装重量，皮重TA te l egr a phi c address=cable add r ess电报挂号TA to t al a sse t全部资产，资产TA t r ade acceptance 商业承兑票据TA t r ans f er agen t过户转账代理人TAB t a x an tic i pat i on bi ll（美国）预期抵税国库券TACPF tie d ai d ca p ita l projects f und援助联系的资本项目基金TAF t i ed a id f ina n cin g援助性融资TAL t r aff i c and a c cid en t loss （保险）交通和意外事故损失TAT t r uck-air-tru ck 陆空联运TB tr e asu r y bond, treasury b ill国库券，国库债券T.B. t ria l ba l anc e试算表t.b.a. to be ad v ise d;to be agreed; to be announced; to be a r ran ged待通知；待同意；待宣布；待安排t.b.d.t o be determined 待（决定）TBD po lic y to be declared po l icy预保单，待报保险单TBL t hro ugh b ill of lading 联运提单，直达提单TBV t r ust bor r owe r vehicle 信托借款人工具（公司）TBW Thompson B ank w atc h, a ra t ing agen t托马逊银行评估公司TC ta r iff cir c ula r关税通报TC t e leg r aph col l ati on校对电报T.C. t rav e ler's check 旅行支票TCI t r ade cre d it i nsu ra nce贸易信用保险TCIC tec h nic a l c r edi t insurance con s ult a nts技术信用保险顾问TCM t rad i tio n al C hin es e med i cin e中国传统医学，中医TD ti m e de pos i t定期存款TD Tr e asu r y D e par t men t（美国）财政部TDA T r ade Dev e lop m ent A uthor i ty贸易发展当局TDC t e chn i cal dev e lop me nt co r por a tio n技术开发公司TDC Trade De v elo p men t Counc il（香港）贸易发展局TDR T rea s ury Dep o sit R eceip t国库券存据Tech tec h nic a l技术的Tel. tel ephone nu mbe r电话号码telec o m t e lec o mmu n ica ti ons通讯temp temp era t ure;te mp orary(se c ret a ry)温度；临时（秘书）TESSA Tax Exe m pt S pec ia l Sav i ngs Account 免税特别储蓄帐户TEU t w ent y-fo o t-e q uip me nt un i t（货柜、集装箱）20 英尺当量单位TF tr ade f ina n ce贸易融资t.f. till for b id直到取消为止tgm. t ele g ram电报three T's typ e,t erms, techn i que交易三要素，即交易类型，交易条件，销售技术thro.,thru. t hro ugh经由，通过Thu. Thursday 星期四TIP t o i n sur e promptness 确保迅速TIR c a rne t Tr a nsp o rts I ntern a tio n aux Rou t ier（法国）国际公路运输证tks. t han ks 致谢，感谢tkt t i cke t票TL t i me l oan;to t al loss; t r ade-las t定期贷款；总损失；最后交易TLO, T.L.O.t ota l loss only=fre e fr om/o f al l average 全损赔偿险TLX t ele x=te l epr i nte r/telet y pew r ite r exchange 电传TM t r ade m ark商标TM te l egr a m w i th m ult iple addresses 分送电报TMA T e rmi n al M ark e t A ss ociat i on最终市场协会TMO t ele g rap h money order 电汇单TN t r eas u ry note 国库券TNC t ran s nat i ona l/mu lt inati o nal co m pan y 跨国公司TOD t ime of d eli v ery发货时间Tonn. tonnage 吨位（数）TOP Trade Op p ort u nit ie s Program （美国）贸易机会计划T.O.P.tu r n o v er, please 请翻转TPM t o tal pro d uct i ve ma inten a nce总生产维修（护）制TPND t hef t,p i ler a ge, and non-de l ive r y 偷窃及不能送达险tpo t e lep h oto电传照片，传真TQ ta r iff quo t a关税配额T.Q., t.q.t a le quale （拉丁）按现状，现状条件TQC t o tal qua l ity con tr ol全面质量控制TR te l egr a m r e sta n te;t rust r ece i pt留交电报；信托收据T.R. tons re g ist e red（船舶）注册吨位Tr. t r ans f er过户，转让tradi t io s ymb o lia（拉丁）象征性交费Tranche CD ce r tif i cat e of dep osi t份额存单trans tra n sla t ed译本treas tre a sur e r会计，出纳，库管，司库Trip. tri p lic a te一式三份中的一份Tripl e A3A 3A 级，最佳债券评级TRS t e rmi n al r ece i vin g syste m港外待运仓收货制度TRT T r ade m ark Reg i str at ion T r eat y 商标注册条约TSP T o tal Suspended P ar ticle总空中悬浮物（污染指标）TST t e st检查，检测TT Te s tame nta r y T r ust遗嘱信托TT, T/T t e leg r aph i c t ransfer电汇T.T.B.t e leg r aph i c t ransfer bought 买入电汇T.T.S.te l egr a phi c tr an sfer sold 卖出电汇TTY t e let y pew r ite r电报打字员TU Trade U nio n工会，职工协会Tue, Tues Tuesday 星期二TV t e rmi n al v alu e;t el evisi on最终价值；电视TW tr a nsi t wa r ehou se转口仓库TWI t r ain i ng w ith i n i nd ustry业内训练txt.tex t课文，电文，正文Ty. t err i tor y 领土，（推销员的）推销区域T&E C a rd t rav e l and e nt ertai n men t ca r d旅行和娱乐信用卡T&H t e mpe r atu r e and h um idity温度和湿度T&M t ime and mate ria l时间和材料T/C t ime cha r ter定期租船，计时租船t/km ton kil omete r顿/千米UU union; uppe r;f a shi on able;pol i te联盟；上等；时髦；礼貌U, U. uni t;U n ite d单位；联合的；联合（公司）U.A. u nit of account 记账单位，记价单位U.K./C ont.Un i ted Kin gd om or Con t ine n t英国或欧洲大陆（港口）U.K.f.o.Uni t ed K ing do m for orders 英国沿岸的指定港口U.L.C.C. ult r a l a rge crude c arr i er超大型油轮U/A un der w rit i ng a cco un t保险帐户u/c. unde r cha r ge不足的价钱，少讨的价钱U/M unscheduled m a int enance计划外维护U/W, UW un der w rit e rs保险公司，承销人UAE t he U n ion of A rab E mirat e s （阿拉伯联合酋长国）阿联酋Uberr i mae fid e i o f the utmos t good f a ith最诚信的UBR un ifo r m business rate 统一商业税率UBS U n ion Bank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行UCP U nif o rm C ust o ms and Pra c tic e(f o r D o cum en tary C red i t)（跟单信用证）统一惯例与事物UGT, ugt u rge n t（电报用语）急电，加急UHF u ltr a high f r equen cy 超高频UIT U n it I nve s tmen t T ru st单位投资信托UITF U rge n t I s sue Task Force （财务报表）紧急补救解释处Ull. u lla ge缺量，损耗ult.ult i mo（拉丁）（商业函电）上月的Ultra vir e s beyond the powers of 超过......的权限（有限公司）UN Un i ted Nat i ons联合国undelvd. unde liv e red未装运的Univ uni v ers i ty大学unkwn.un k now n.未知的unrev d. unreceived 未收到的UNSYM uns y mme t ric a l不对称的UOS unless ot h erw i se sp ecifi ed除非有特别说明UPC U nif o rm P rac t ice C ode《统一作法法典》UPR unea r ned pre m ium s reserve 未获得保险金储备ur.your 你的US U n ite d St a tes;Un li sted s ecu r iti e s 美国；未上市证券USD U n ite d States dollar 美元USG U nit ed S t ate s ga ll on美国加仑USIT U nit Sha r e I n ves tm ent T r ust单位股投资信托USM U n lis t ed S ecu r iti es Marke t为挂牌（上市）证券市场UT un i ver s al t ime世界标准时间，格林威治时间UUE use un til exhausted 用完为止UV under v olt a ge;ult ra viole t电压不足；紫外线Vv ref e r t o参见v., vs ve r sus（拉丁）对V Roman 5;vi c tor y; v ol t（罗马数字）5；胜利；（电压）伏V.A. value ana lys i s 价值分析VAB v ert i cal assembly build i ng垂直装配建筑物vac v aca t ion假期vac. v aca n t（职位）空缺，（旅馆、公寓）空房间VAT value added t a x 增值税VC Vice C h air m an; Vice Chanc e llor;V i ce C ons ul副主席；副首相；副总理；副领事VD vo l ume deleted 勾销的数量VE va l ue e ngi n eer i ng价值工程Veep V ice pre s ide n t副总裁VER v o lun t ary exp o rt re strai n t自愿出口限制Ves. v ess e l船舶via.thr ough, by way o f经由，通过vid v i de(see)（拉丁）参看，请看VIP V ery Impo rta n t P er son贵宾vis m a jor（拉丁）不可抗力viz. v ide l ice t, namely （拉丁）即，也就是VL va l ue l ine inv e stm en t survey 价值线投资概览法V-mai l v i deo-mai l声像电子邮讯系统VOD v i deo on demand 交互电视技术系统vol. v olu m e量，额，本，卷，容积voy. voyage 航海，航程VQA v endo r qu ali t y assurance 售主质量保证VQC v endo r qua lit y ce rt ifica t ion售主质量确认VQD v endo r qua lit y de fe ct售主质量缺陷VRM v a ria b le r ate mortgage 可变利率抵押VS/N v endo r s e ria l nu mb er售主系列号VSI v endo r s h ipp i ng in struc t ion售主船运说明VSO V olu n tar y Se r vic e Overseas 海外义务服务VSQ very spe c ial qua li ty特级质量VSSP vendor standard s ettle m ent program 售主标准程序结算VTC V o tin g Tr u st C ert if icate股东投票权信托证书VTP v endo r t e st p rog ra m售主检测计划VTR v i deo tape record 录像带录像WW weight t on; win t er ma rk for load li ne;won 重量吨；（船舶）冬季装载线标记；（韩国）元W., w.wa r ehou se;wat t;weig h t;w idt h;w e ek仓库；瓦特；钟量；宽；星期W.A. w ith ave r age水渍险，保单独海损险W.A.C.C.C.Wo r ldw i de Air Cargo C o mmo d ity Class ficat i on全球空运商品分类W.A.I.O.P.W.A.i rre sp ectiv e of percentage 单独海损不计免赔率，单独海损全赔WAEC Wes t Af r ica n Economic Comm u nit y 西非经济共同体WAG w agon卡车WAN W i de A rea Net w ork s 泛区网络WASH W ash i ngt o n;w ash er华盛顿；洗衣机WB, W.B.w ayb ill运送单WB Wo r ld Bank 世界银行W.B. w ate r ba l las t（以）水压载，水压舱W.B.S.wi t hou t ben efi t to/of salvage 不享有获救财产的利益w.c., W.C.wi t hou t charge; w a ter closet 免费；洗手间WCG w ork i ng c api t al guarantee 流动资金担保WCO W o rld Cus t oms Organ izati on世界海关组织WD w hen d istr ibu t ed（股票）发售时交割wd. w a rre n ted（品质）保证的wdth. wid t h广度，宽度Wed W edne s day星期三WEF W orl d Ec o nom i c F or um世界经济论坛W.E.T.We s ter n Eu r opean Time 西欧时间，即格林尼治时间wf. w h arf码头WFOE who l ly f ore i gn owned en ter p ris e s 外资独资企业W.G., w.g.w e igh t guaranteed 保证质量WH wa t t-h o ur每小时瓦特WHO W o rld Hea l th O rga ni zatio n世界卫生组织whs, w hse.wa r ehou se仓库whsle who l esa l e批发WI w hen i ssu ed（股票）发行时交割WIP w ork in p rog r ess=g oods i n p r ogr e ss 在制品wk w e ek; work 星期；工作Wky. wee k ly每星期的，周刊wmk w a ter m ark水印Wmk.wat e r m a rk水位标记WOC w i tho u t c o mpe n sat io n无补偿WP we a the r pe r mit t ing; word processing 天气允许；文字处理W.P. w ith o ut p rej u dic e不损害（当事人）权利W.P.A.wi t h pa rti c ula r avera g e=w i th average 水渍险W.P.M.wo r ds per m inu te（电传）每分钟字数W.P.P.wa t erp r oof paper pack i ng防潮纸包装W.R. w ar risk 战争险W.R.=W.W. warehouse r ec eipt=w are h ous e wa r ran t仓单，仓库收据Wrap wor l dwi de r e cei va bles a ssu r anc e pr o tec ti on全球应收账款担保措施WT wa r ran t（股票）认证股WT wa t ert i ght（包、盒）不漏水的，防水的WT, W/T w i rel e ss t elegr aphy, wir e les s te l ephone无线电报；无线电话wt., w gt.we i ght重量WTO W orl d Trade O rga ni zatio n世界贸易组织W/Tax wi t hho l din g tax 预扣税WW w a reh o use war r ant;with war r ant s 仓库保证；附认股权w/w w a ll-t o-w a ll覆盖全部地面的（地毯）W/W w a reh o use-to-w are ho use仓至仓W/W c l aus e w a reh o use-t o-war ehou s e c l aus e仓至仓条款www w orl d wid e web 万维网，全球计算机网XX ten dol l ars（美国俚语）10 美元X ex-i nte r est无利息X Roman 10; a ki s s; an unknown n umb e r,th i ng, name, e t c.（罗马数字）10 ；一吻；未知数（物、名等等）X. te n;X;ou t of 十；X；在外x.a.ex a ll无所有权益x.b., xb; XB ex bonu s; extra budgetary 不附（本期）红利；预算外的X.C., X. cp. ex coupon 无息债券x.d. ex d i str i but i on不包括（下期股息或红利）分配X-Dis ex-d istr ibu t ion无分销X. d., X. div. ex dividend 未付红利X-eff i cie n cy X 效率XI, X.in, X. int. ex i ntere s t利息除外XL ex t ra l arg e;e x tra l ong特大；特长Xm., X'ma s Ch rist m as圣诞节X-mark a sig n atu r e"X"符号签字（盲人或受伤的人可以画"X"作为签字）Xn Ch rist i an基督的XN, XW e x-wa r ran t除证X.n., X. new ex new 无权要求新股X.P. expres paye=e xtr a message paid 额外通讯费付讫；已令函奉上XR, x.r. ex -r igh t无优惠权认购新股，除权XS e x tra sma ll特小Xtry. ext r aor d ina r y 非常的，临时的XXX i n ter n ati o nal emergency s ign a l国际紧急信号YY ex-d ivi dend and sales in f u ll不计红利，全数出售Y Yen 元（日本货币单位）Y Yuan 元（中国货币单位）y yar d; y e ar; yen 码（三英尺）；年；日元Y.A.R.Y o rk-A ntw e rp Ru les约克-安特卫普规则（海险）YB, y r bk yea r boo k 年报，年鉴y'day,ye s t. yesterday 昨天YLD y i eld收益YOB year o f b i rth出生年份YOD year o f death 死亡年份YOM year o f m a rri age结婚年份yo-yo stock "悠悠"股票（波动大、不稳定的高价特种股票）yr ye a r; your 年；你的YTB y i eld to b rok e r经济商收益YTC y iel d to (first) c all至通知赎回时收益YTM y i eld to m atu rity全期收益，到期收益Zz zer o; zone 零；区ZBA zero bracket a mou nt零基数预算法ZBB zero-based bud get in g零基数预算法，免税金额，免征点ZDD zero d efe c t p r ogr am无缺陷计划ZIP code 邮政编码Z. P. G. zero pop ula ti on growth 人口零增长ZR ze r o coupon is s ue零息发行zswk t his week 本周ZT zone t i me区时Z-Time Zebra t ime=GMT格林威治时间。

商务英语中的行业术语、缩略语、普通转专业的词汇

商务英语中的行业术语、缩略语、普通转专业的词汇Business English is a specialized form of English that is used in the business world for communication, correspondence, and negotiation. Just like any other field, the business world has its own set of industry terms, abbreviations, and words that may seem unfamiliar to those who are not well-versed in the language of business. In this article, we will explore some common industry terms, abbreviations, and words that are often used in the world of business English.Industry Terms:1. ROI - Return on Investment: This term is used to measure the profitability of an investment by comparing the return gained from it to the cost of the investment.2. B2B - Business to Business: This term refers to transactions that occur between businesses, as opposed to transactions between a business and a consumer.3. KPI - Key Performance Indicator: This term is used to measure and evaluate the success of an organization or a specific project by tracking key performance metrics.4. RFP - Request for Proposal: This document is used by companies to solicit bids from potential vendors for products or services.5. SWOT Analysis - Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats Analysis: This is a strategic planning tool that helps companies identify and analyze their internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportunities and threats.6. B2C - Business to Consumer: This term refers to transactions that occur between a business and a consumer.7. EBITDA - Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization: This financial metric is used to evaluate a company's operating performance by excluding certain expenses.Abbreviations:1. CEO - Chief Executive Officer: The top executive in a company who is responsible for making major decisions and managing the overall operations of the organization.2. HR - Human Resources: The department in a company that is responsible for managing employee relations, recruitment, training, and other personnel-related functions.3. IPO - Initial Public Offering: The first time a company sells its stock to the public in order to raise capital.4. CRM - Customer Relationship Management: This technology is used by companies to manage and analyze customer interactions and data throughout the customer lifecycle.5. P&L - Profit and Loss: A financial statement that summarizes a company's revenues, costs, and expenses during a specific period of time.6. ESG - Environmental, Social, and Governance: This refers to the criteria that companies use to evaluate their impact on the environment, society, and corporate governance.Words that are commonly used in business English but may require explanation for non-native speakers:1. Synergy: The interaction or cooperation of two or more elements to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.2. Paradigm: A typical example or model of something, or a set of assumptions, concepts, values, and practices that constitute a way of viewing reality.3. Benchmark: A standard or point of reference against which things may be compared or assessed.4. Leverage: The use of borrowed capital to increase the potential return of an investment.5. Stakeholder: An individual or group who has an interest in or is affected by the actions or decisions of a company.In conclusion, mastering the language of business English requires a good understanding of industry terms, abbreviations, and words that are commonly used in the world of business. By familiarizing oneself with these terms and concepts, individuals can communicate effectively in a business setting and advance their careers in the competitive business world.。

商务英语常用缩略语表以及完整的报价单内容

商务英语常用缩略语表Attn. attention 注意Atty. attorney 代理人a accepted 承兑auct. auction 拍卖AA Auditing Administration （中国）审计署Aud. AAA 最佳等级auditor 审计员、审计师Av. average 平均值abs. abstract 摘要a.w. all wool 纯羊毛a/c, A/C account 帐户、帐目A/W a/c, A/C account current air waybill 空运提单往来帐户、活期存款帐户A/W actual weight 补遗和勘误A&C addenda and corrigenda 实际重量承兑acceptance or accepted Acc.BA bank acceptance 银行承兑汇票Accrd.Int accrued interest 应计利息bal. balance 余额、差额帐户、帐目Acct. accountbanky. bankruptcy 破产、倒闭会计师、会计员Acct. accountantBat 会计、会计学Acct. accounting battery 电池b.b. bearer bond 帐户编号、帐号account number 不记名债券Acct.No.B.B., B/B bill book 出纳簿帐户名称、会计科目Acct.Tit. account titleB/B bill bought 买入票据、买入汇票航空托运单ACN air consignmentb&b bed & breakfast 住宿费和早餐费帐户编号、帐号a/c no. account numberb.c. blind copy 密送的副本承兑Acpt. acceptance or acceptedBC buyer credit 买方信贷应付帐款A/CS Pay. accounts payableB/C A/CS Rec. accounts receivable bills for collection 托收汇票应收帐款B.C. bank clearing 银行清算预扣公司税ACT advance corporation taxb/d 亚洲货币单位ACU Asia Currency Unit brought down 转下页Bd. bond 债券实际现金价值A.C.V actual cash valueB/D a.d., a/d after date bills discounted 已贴现票据开票后、出票后B/D asset depreciation range system bank draft 银行汇票固定资产分组折ADRSb.d.i. 旧法both dates inclusive, both days inclusive 包括头尾两天Adv. advance 预付款B/E bill of entry 报关单ad.val.,A/V ad valorem to (according value) 从价b.e., B/E bill of exchange Agt. agent 代理人汇票BEP Agt. agreement 协议、契约breakeven point 保本点、盈亏临界点b/f brought forward 承前AJE adjusting journal entries 调整分录BF Amt. amount bonded factory 保税工厂金额、总数Bfcy. Beneficiary Ann. annuity 年金受益人B/G , b/g bonded goods 保税货物A/P account paid 已付账款BHC A/P Bank Holding Company 银行控股公司account payable 应付帐款BIS Bank of International Settlements A/P accounting period 会计期间国际清算银行bit binary digit 两位数A/P advise and pay 付款通知Bk. bank A/R account receivable 应收帐款银行Bk. A/R at the rate of 以……比例book 帐册b.l., B/L （保险）全险a/r all risks bill of lading 提货单B/L original bill of lading original 提货单正本到货、到船Arr. arrivals, arrivedbldg. building 大厦见票即付A/S, a/s after sightBMP bank master policy 银行统一保险account sales ，A/Sacc/s 承销帐、承销清单，售货清单钞票BN bank note 尽快as soon as possible ASAP验收总结报告branch office 分支营业处BO acceptance summary report ASRass. 买者选择交割期的远期合同buyer's option 估征、征税BO assessment月初转让、让与BOM beginning of month assignment assimt.ATC 平均总成本用料清单b.o.m. bill of materials average total cost-运营-拥有建造仅付成本钱at the money ATM BOO build-operate-own拥有建造自动取款机（柜员机）Automatic Teller Machine A TM build-operate-own-maintain -运营--维BOOMautomated trade system ATS 护自动交易系统转-拥有-运营-建造transfer build-operate-own-BOOT 自动转移服务automatic transfer service ATS让计师CMEA, Comecon Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 收支差额 b.o.p. balance of payments经济互助委员会BOT balance of trade 贸易余额CML capital market line 年初资本市场线性BOY beginning of yearCMO Collateralised Mortgage Obligations b.p., B/P bills payable 应付票据担保抵押贷款债务分支机构Br. branchCMV current market value 现时市场价值bank rate 银行贴现率BRCN consignment note 铁路运单 b.r., B/R bills receivable 应收票据CN credit note 贷方通知书Brok. broker or brokerage 经纪人或经纪人佣金c/o carried over 结转后期 b.s., BS, B/S balance sheet 资产负债表C. O., C/O cash order 现金汇票、现金订货B/S bill of sales 卖据、出货单C. O. B share B share B 股certificate of origin 产地证明书Co. company 公司bank telegraphic transfer 银行电汇 B.T.T.COBOL Common Business Oriented Language 通用商业语BV book value 票面价值言CoCom Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export c. cents 分Controls 多边出口控制协调委员会 C cash; coupon; currency 现金、息票、通货c. o. d, C. O. D. cash on delivery 货到付款 C centigrade 摄氏（温度）Col. column 帐栏特许会计师、C. A. chartered accountant; chief accountantColl. collateral 担保、抵押物主任（主管）会计师Coll. collection 托收C. A. commercial agent 商业代理、代理商Com.; comm. commission 佣金consumers' association C. A. 消费者协会cont. container 集装箱C/A capital account 资本帐户cont., contr. contract 契约、合同C/A current account 往来帐conv., cv., cvt. convertible 可转换的、可兑换的C/A current assets 流动资产Cor. corpus 交单付款本金 C. A. D cash against documnetCor. can. cancelled 注销correspodent 代理行Corp. corporation 公司cap. capital 资本CP. commercial paper 商业票据CAPM capital asset pricing model 固定资产计价模式C. P.A certified Public Accountant C. A. S. cost accounting standards 成本会计标准注册公共会计师CPB China Patent Bureau 中国专利局cash book c. b., C. B. 现金簿CPI consumer price index 消费者价格指数先付款后交货CBD cash before deliveryCPM cost per thousand 银行本票C. C. cashier's check 每一千个为单位的成本CPP current purchasing power 现行购买力贷方对销C. C contra creditCps. c/d carried down coupons 息票过次页、结转下期CPT carriage paid to CD certificate of deposit 存单运费付至......C/R company's risk 企业风险过次页、结转carry forward c/fCr. credit 贷记、贷方资本利得CG capital gainCR carrier's risk 承运人风险CG capital goods 生产资料、资本货物CR current rate C. H. 当日汇率、现行汇率custom house 海关CR cash receipts 票据交换所clearing house C. H. 现金收入CR class rate 分级运费率Chgs charges 费用CS civil servant; civil service 公务员、文职机关支票Chq. chequeCS convertible securities 可转换证券保险凭证C/I certificate of insuranceC. S. capital stock 股本注册内部审计员CIA certified internal auditorCSI customer satisfaction index +到岸价，货价cost, insurance and freight 顾客满意指数 c. i. f. , C. I. F.csk. cask 木桶运费+保险CT corporate treasurer 公司财务主管综合所得税comprehensive income tax C. I. T.CT cable transfer 电汇支票check Ck.ct crate 短期拆放call loan C. L. 板条箱ctge cartage 流动负债C / L current liabilities 货运费、搬运费、车费分cents Cts. 注册管理会accountant management certificed A. M. C.CTT capital transfer tax 资本转移税数DK Don't know 不知道cu cubic 立方DL direct loan 直接贷款关税联盟CU customs unionsDL discretionary limit cu. cm. cubic centimeter 立方厘米无条件限制DLD deadline date 最后时限cu. in. cubic inch 立方英寸Dls. ; Dol(s); Doll(s) dollars 立方米元cu. m. cubic meterDM cu. yd. cubic yard 立方码Deutsche Mark; D-mark; Deutschmark; 德国马克DMCs developing member countries cumulative preference (share) 累积优先（股）发展中国家cum. pref.DN date number 日期号cur. curr. current 本月、当月DN; D/N debit note 借记通知单CV convertible security 可转换债券DNR do not reduce 不减少CVD countervailing duties 抵消关税、反倾销税do.; dto. ditto 同上、同前---C.V. P. analysis Cost V olume Profit analysis 本量---利D/O delivery order 发货单分析Doc(s) documents 凭证、单据、文件订货付款 C. W. O. cash with orderdoc. att. Cy. currency 货币documents attached 附单据、附件Doc. code document code 日历年calendar year 凭证（单据）编号CYD. O. G. days of grace CY container 整装货柜宽限日数DOR date of request CY container yard 货柜堆场、货柜集散场要求日DP; D/P document against payment 交单付款DPI disposable personal income 个人可支配收入度、汇票D degree; draftDPOB date and place of birth 出生时间和地点D/A deposit account 存款帐户DPP damp proofing 防潮的D/A document against acceptance 承兑交单Dr. debit 日（付款）d/a days after acceptance 承兑后...... 借记、借方D. R.; DR discount rate 贴现率、折扣率 D. A. debit advice 欠款报单Dr debtor 日记帐、流水帐D. B day book 债务人DR deposit receipt DB method declining balance (depreciation) method 递减余存单、存款收据dr. drawer 额折旧法借方DS; d/s days after sight(days' sight) 见票后.......日(付款method D. C. F. method discounted cash flow 现金流量贴)ds.; d's days 现法日dstn. 跟单汇票D/D documentary draft destination 日的地(港)DTC Deposit taking company 接受存款公司即期汇票D. D.; D/D demand draftDTC ) 付款Deposit Trust Company 储蓄信托公司( D/d; d/d days after date 出票后......日dup.; dupl.; dupte. duplicate d. d. 副本dry dock 干船坞(depreciation) double DDB method declining balance DVP delivery versus payment 付款交货dy.; d/y day; delivery 日、交货method 双倍递减余额折旧法dz dozen 一打D. D. D deadline delivery date 交易最后日期deficit def. 赤字、亏损E. exchange; export demurrage dem. 滞期费交易所、输出E. & O. E. errors and omissions excepted depreciation Depr. 如有错漏，可加折旧更正空舱费 d. f; D. F.; d. frt. dead freighte.a.o.n. except as otherwise noted 除非另有说明危险货物D. G dangerous goodsEAT earnings after tax difference diff. 差额税后收益EB ex budgetary 预算外折扣、贴现discount Dis.EBIT earnings before interest and 不名誉、拒付dish'd; dishd dishonored tax 扣除利息和税金前收益双重所得税（免征） D. I. T double income-tax(relief)EBS Electronic Broking Service 电子经纪服务系统红利、股息div.; divd dividendEBT earning before taxation 税前盈利琼斯公司美国道D-J Dow Jones & Co. -EC -道Index) (Stock Average Jones Dow DJIA Industrial 琼European Community; European Commission 欧洲共同体、欧洲委员会斯工业股票指数EC 琼斯运输-道Average Transportation Jones Dow DJTA export credit 出口信贷EC error corrected 平均数错误更正例如exempli causa Ec. 琼斯公用事业平均-道Average Utility Jones Dow DJUAEc. ex coupon 无息票EPN export promissory note 出口汇票EPOS electronic point of sale 电子销售点ECA export credit agency 出口信贷机构East for Asia and the Far ECAFE Economic Commission EPR earnings price ratio 收益价格比率EPR effective protection rate 亚洲及远东经济委员会有效保护率EPS earnings per share ECE Economic Commission for Europe 欧洲经济委员会每股收益额、每股盈利额E. P. T excess profit tax 超额利润税ECG Export Credit Guarantee 出口信用担保EPVI excess present value index ECI export credit insurance 出口信用保险超现值指数EPZ export processing zone 出口信贷再融资export credit refinancing 出口加工区ECR ERM exchange rate mechanism 汇率机制ECT estimated completion time 估计竣工时间ERS Export Refinance Scheme 出口再融资计划欧洲货币单位ECU European Currency Unit ESOP Employee Stock Ownership Plan 职工持股计划E/D export declaration 出口申报单Est. estate 财产、遗产ex dividend ED 无红利、除息、股利除外EST Eastern Standard Time 美国东部标准时间EDD estimated delivery date 预计交割日et seq. et sequents 以下电子数据交换EDI electronic data interchangeETA estimated time of arrival 预计到达时间有效更改日期EDOC effective date of change ETD estimated tiem of departure 预计出发时间电子数据自理EDP Electronic Data ProcessingETDZ Economic and Technological Development Zone E. E.; e.e errors excepted 如有错误，可加更正经济技术开发区港EERI Effective Exchange Rate Indexes of Hong Kongequal to or less than 汇指数等于或少于ETLTestimated time of sailing East European Time 东欧时间预计启航时间ETS EETexport finance EF 出口融资European Union 欧盟EUEuropean Units of Account 欧洲记帐单位EUA EF Exchange Fund 外汇基金EFT ex.; exch exchange 汇兑、况换electronic funds transfer 电子资金转帐另外、不在内excl. 欧洲自由Area Free EFTA European Trade (Association) exclusive从合同ex cont. 贸易区（协会）from contract无息票特别股东大会EGM Extraordinary Genaral Meeting ex cp. ex coupon进出口银行EIB Export-Import Bank 无股息ex div. ex dividendexport EIL WB Economic Integration Loan 世界银行经济一体出口Exp.展期Extd. extend 化贷款EL 工厂交货价EXW ex works export license 出口许可证极少杂质extra low impurity ELIEMF 英尺feet European Monetary Fund 欧洲货币基金 f无息交易的等值平均投资期EMIP equivalent mean investment period F dealt in flat月末付款接下页f. following (page) EMP end-of month paymentEMP fairs 欧洲主要港口European main ports 定期集市f.欧洲货币体系EMS European Monetary System face amount 票面金额F. A.fixed assets 邮政特快专递EMS express mail service 固定资产F. A.货运代理行F. A freight agent 欧洲货币联盟EMU European Monetary UnionFA free alongside 启运港船边交货停业enc enclosedFABB Fellow of the British Association of Accountants and 附件encl(s). enclosureencd. enclosed 附件Auditors 英国会计师和审计师协会会员背书End. ; end. endorsement 设施、设备FAC facility尽快Entd. entered 登记人f.a.c. fast as can因素分析图解法生效.......大约在EOA effective on or about FACT factor analysis chart techniquefree delivery (discharge, dispatch) 免费送货每隔一日EOD every other day fad.工厂交货free at factory 欧洲期权交易European Options Exchange EOE F. A. F. International Association of of FAIA Fellow the 月底EOM end of month最底订货量EOQ economic order quantity Accountants 国际会计协会会员季末end of season EOS F. A. Q fair average quality （货品）中等平均质量出口型单位export-oriented unit EOU 发运地船边交货价 F. A. S. free alongside ship财务会计EOY Boards Standards Financial FASB Accounting 年终end of year标准委员会最早可能日期earliest possible date EPDFAT fixed asset transfer 固定资产转移FOREX foreign exchange 外汇FOS free on steamer FAT factory acceptance test 工厂验收试验蒸汽船上交货（价）FOUO for official use only 仅用于公事FB foreign bank 外国银行FOW, f. o. w. free on wagon （启运站）火车上交货（价）F. B. E. foreign bill of exchange 外国汇票FOX Futures and Options Exchange 期货和期权交易所 F. C. fixed capital 固定资本FP floating policy 浮动政策 F. C. fixed charges 固定费用FP 远期合同F. C. future contract fully paid 已全付的FRA forward rate agreement fc. franc 法郎远期利率协议FRCD floating rate certificate of deposit Accountants the Institute of Chartered 特浮动利率存单FCA Fellow offrt., frgt. forward 期货、远期合约许会计师学会会员free case no charge for case 免费事例外币担保FCG foreign currency guaranteeFREF FCL full container load 整货柜装载fixed rate export finance 固定利率出口融资load full FCL/LCL container load/less (than)full container frt. & grat. freight and gratuity 运费及酬金Frt. fwd freight forward 运费待付/整装分卸Frt. ppd freight prepaid FCR forwarder's cargo receipt 货运代理行收据运费已付FS 货运代理final settlement 最后结算transport FCT forwarding agent's certificate ofFSR feasibility study report 行领货证可行性研究报告FTW fd. fund 资金free trade wharf 码头交易FTZ free trade zone FDB method fixed rate on declining balance method 定率递自由贸易区fut. 减余额折旧法futures 期货、将来FV face value FDI foreign direct investment 外商直接投资面值FV A fair value accounting Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation FDIC 联邦储蓄保合理价值法FWD forward (exchange) contract 险公司远期合约F.X. 外汇foreign exchange 外汇FE foreign exchangeFX broker foreign exchange broker 远期外汇FE future exchange 外汇经纪人fxd fixed 固定的FF French franc 法国法郎FXRN fib fixed rate note 定息票据free into barge 驳船上的交货价FY fiscal year (financial year) 财政（务）年度financial institution buyer credit policy FIBC 金融机构买fy. pd. fully paid 全部付讫方信贷险FYI 先进先出法FIFO first in, first out for your information 供您参考fin. stadg.(stndg.) financial standing 资信状况g gallon; grain; gram (s); gold 财务报表fin. stat. (F/S) financial statement 加仑；格令；克; 金G. A. general agent 总代理商、总代理人财政年度fin.yr. financial yearGA go ahead 以下项目不可获得following items not available 办理、可行FINAGAAP FIO free in and out general Accepted Accounting Principles 通用会计自由进出准则 F. I. T free of income tax 免交所得税GAAS Generally Accepted florin 盾Auditing Standard 通用审计标fl.准FLG finance lease guarantee 金融租赁担保GAC General Administration of Customs 海关总署无利息flat flt.gal., gall gallon 加仑合理市价FMV fair market valuegas. gasoline 包括卸货费在内的运费FO free out 汽油GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade fo. 关税及贸folio 对折、页码易总协定（启运港）船上交货、离岸价格free on board FOBGCL government concessional loan 政府优惠贷款启运）机场交货（价）FOB airport FOB airport (GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值包括清理及平FOBST free on board stowed and trimminggds. goods 商品、货物仓的离岸价格GJ general journal 普通日记帐 F.O.C. free of charge 免费FOCUS Financial and Operations Combined Uniform Single GL general ledger 总分类帐gm. Report gram(s) 克财务经营综合报告GMP graduated payment mortgage 递增付款按揭要么买进或卖出，要么取消FOK fill or killGND gross national demand 铁路或（公路）上交货价FOR free on rail (or road) 国民总需求国民支出总额gross national expeditures GNE 转递for'd., fwd forward; forwardedGNP gross national product 国民生产总值I. C. U. International Code Used 国际使用的电码IDB industrial development bond 工业发展债券GOFO gold forward rate 黄金远期利率IDB Inter-American Development Bank 泛美开发银行gross profit 毛利GPIDB inter-dealer broker 交易商之间经纪人GPP general purchasing power 总购买能力IDC gr. (grs.) wt. gross weight intangible development cost 无形开发成本毛重IDR international depositary receipt GR gross revenue 毛收入国际寄存单据IE indirect export 间接出口GS gross sales 销售总额I. F. insufficient fund GSP generalised system of preferences 普惠制存款不足IFB invitation for bids 招标邀请GTM good this month 本月有效I. G . imperial gallon 英制加仑GTW good this week 本星期有效IL, I/L import licence 进口许可证ILC irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销信用证HAB house air bill 航空托运单IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织航空托运单HAWB house air waybill imp. import 进口，输入HCA historical cost accounting 历史成本会计Inc. incorporated 注册（有限）公司hdqrs. headquarters 总部incl. inclusive 包括在内hg. hectogram 一百公克incldd. included 已包含在内HIBOR Hong Kong Interbank Offered Rate 香港银行同业incldg. including 包含拆借利率inl. haul inland haulage hifo highest-in, first-out 高入先出法内陆运输费用INLO in lieu of 代替正当持票人H. in D. C. holder in due courseIns, ins. insurance 保险高质量Hi-Q high qualityinst. instant 即期、分期付款高利率货币HIRCS high interest rate currenciesInstal., instal. installment 高技术hi-tech high technology 分期付款Int., int. HKD Hong Kong dollar 香港元interest 利息inv., Inv. invoice 发票、付款通知香港指数HKI Hong Kong Indexin trans (I. T.) in transit. 在(运输）途中hl. hectoliter 百升inv.doc./attach. 控股hldg. holding invoice with document attached 附提货单的发票如期支付的Hon'd honoredInv't., invt. inventory Hang HSCPI Seng Consumer Price 存货恒生消费价格IndexI-O input-output 输入--输出指数IOU 恒生指数I owe you 借据HSI Hang Seng IndexIOV inter-office voucher hwevr. however 内部传票无论如何IPN industrial promissory note 工业汇票赫兹Hz hertzIPO initial public offering 首次发售股票IQ import quota 无形资产intangible assets I. A. 进口配额IR Inland Revenue 国内税收库存和分配I & A inventory and allocationsI. R. inward remittance International Accounting Standard 国际会计标准汇入款项IAS IRA individual retirement account investment banking IB 投资银行（业）个人退休金帐户IRA 发票簿invoice book I. B. interest rate agreement 利率协议IRR IBA International Bank Association 国际银行家协会interest rate risk 利率风险IRR internal rate of return 银行间报价利率IBBR interbank bid rate 内部收益率irred. irredeemable 购货发票簿invoice book inward I. B. I 不可赎回的IRS interest rate swap 利率调期已发生未报告IBNR incurred but not reportedIS International System 公制度量衡invoice book outward I. B. O. 销货发票簿ISIC International Standard Industrial Classification IBOR inter-bank offered rate 银行间的拆借利率国际标准产业分类ICB international competitive bidding 国际竞标IT Credit ICIA International information technology 国际信用Association Insurance 信息技术IT international tolerance 保险协会国际允许误差I/T 国际法庭ICJ International Court of Justice income tax 所得税ITC 国际资本市场ICM international capital market investment tax credit 投资税收抵免ITO International Trade Organization index currency option notes ICONs 国际贸易组织指数货币期权票据跨市场交易系统intermarket trading system ITS 产出增量比-资本ICOR incremental capital-output ratioIV investment value 投资价值m million 百万M matured bond 到期的债券M mega-百万J., Jour. journal 日记帐M milli-千分之一J. A. (J/A) joint account 联合（共管）帐簿m. meter, mile 米、英里J. D. B. journal day-book 分类日记帐M&A merger & acquisition J/F, j/f journal folio 日记帐页数兼并收购MA my account 本人帐户. J. V joint venture 合资经营企业Mat. maturity 到期日. J. V journal voucher 分录凭单Max., max maximum JVC joint venture company 最大量合资公司M. B. memorandum book 备忘录MBB mortgage-backed bonds 抵押支持的债券K. D. knocked down 拆散MBO management by objectives 目标管理成交价格K. D. knocked down priceM/C marginal credit 信贷限额kg kilogram 千克m/c metallic currency 金属货币千米kilom. kilometerMCA mutual currency account 共同货币帐户kv kilovolt 千伏MCP mixed credit program 千瓦kw kilowatt 混合信贷计划M/d months after deposit 出票后......月KWH kilowatt-hour 千瓦小时M. D. maturity date 到期日M. D. (M/D) memorandum of deposit 存款(放）单L listed (securities) （证券）上市M. D. malicious damage 恶意损坏ledger L., (Led.) 分类帐mdse. merchandise 商品L. lira 里拉MEI marginal efficiency of investment 投资的边际效率L. liter 公升mem. memorandum 备忘录L. A. (L/A) letter of authority 授权书MERM multilateral exchange rate model 多边汇率模型流动资产L. A. liquid assetsM. F. mutual funds 共同基金L. B. letter book 书信备查簿MF mezzanine financing LB licensed bank 许可银行过渡融资mfg. manufacturing 磅制造的pound lbMFN LC (L/C) letter of credit 信用证most favoured nations 最惠国mfrs. manufacturers 制造商/LCL/FCL less than container load/full container load 拼装mg milligram 毫克整拆less than container load/less than container load LCL/LCL M/I marine insurance 海险micro one millionth part /拼装拼拆百万分之一min minimum 最低值、最小量loans and discounts L.& D. 放款及贴现MIP monthly investment plan 月度投资计划L&D loss and damage 损失和损坏Mk mark 装（卸）货loading ldg. 马克mks. marks 商标ledger folio L/F 分类帐页数mkt. market 市场letter of guarantee LG 保函MLR minimum lending rate 最低贷款利率负债liability Li.MLTG medium-and-long-term guarantee 中长期担保意向书LI letter of interest (intent)M. M. lifo (LIFO) last in, first out 后进先出法money market 货币市场mm millimeter 人寿保险单L. I. P. (LIP) life insurance policy 毫米MMDA money market deposit account 货币市场存款帐户low interest rate currencies LIRCs 低利率货币major market index 主要市场指数材料清单list of materials L/M MMImultinational corporation 跨（多）国公司local mean time LMT 当地标准时间MNC multinational enterprise 跨国公司有限追索项目limited recourse project LRP MNE汇票有限追索项目融financing project limited LRPF recourse MO (M. O.) money order资月mo. month一次付款总额lump sum l. s. MOS management operating system 经营管理制度l. s. t. 当地标准时间local standard time Mos. months 月市价长期LT long term market price MP月付款后...... 有限（公司）Ltd. limited M/P months after payment边际消费倾向marginal propensity to consume MPCMrge.(mtg. ) mortgage 抵押n. m. nautical mile 海里NM no marks materials requisition journal 领料日记帐无标记MRJN. N. no name 无签名维护、修理及操MRO maintenance, repair and operationNNP net national product 国民生产净值作NO. (no.) manufacturer's recommended price 厂商推荐价格number 编号、号数MRPno a/c no account 无此帐户MRP material requirement planning 原料需求计划NOP net open position 净开头寸进度月报monthly report of progress MRPNOW a/c negotiable order of withdrawal 可转让存单帐户MRR maintenance, repair and replace维护、修理和替换N/P net profit 月净利M/s months of sight 见票后.......NP no protest msg message 留言免作拒付证书N. P. notes payable medium term MT 中期应付票据NPC nominal protection coefficient 名义保护系数M/T mail transfer 信汇NPL non-performing loan 不良贷款mthly monthly 每月NPV method net present value method 净现值法MTI medium-term insurance 中期保险N. Q.A. MTN medium-term note 中期票据net quick assets 速动资产净额NQB 米制单位no qualified bidders 无合格投标人MTU metric unitNR no rated （信用）未分等级N/R no responsibility 净值无责任net n.N. R. 净资产N. A. net assets notes receivable 应收票据N. S. F. (NSF) no sufficient fund 存款不足n. a not available 暂缺NSF check no sufficient fund check 存款不足支票不承兑N. A. non-acceptancent. wt. net weight 净重NA not applicable 不可行NTA net tangible assets 有形资产净值注意nota bene N. B.NTBs non-tariffs barriers 非关税壁垒NC no charge 免费ntl no time lost 净资本立即N/C net capitalNTS no date n. d. 无日期not to scale 不按比例NU name unknown 无名N. D. net debt 净债务N. W. net worth 净值non-delivery n. d. 未能到达NWC net working capital 第二天交割ND next day delivery 净流动资本NX 国内资产净值not exceeding 不超过NDA net domestic assetN. Y N.E. net earnings . net yield 净收益净收益NZ$ New Zealand dollar 新西兰元无效no effects n. e.不足n. e. not enougho order 订单negb. negotiable 可转让的、可流通的o. (O.) offer negotiable instruments 流通票据发盘、报价Neg. Inst., N. I.OA open account nego. negotiate 谈判赊帐、往来帐o/a on account of 记入...... 未另作说明not elsewhere specified N. E. S. 帐户o. a. overall 净收入net proceeds net. p. 全面的、综合的OAAS operational accounting and analysis 无存款N/F no fund system 经营会计分析制无固定日期no fixed date NFDOB other budgetary NFS not for sale 其他预算非卖品O. B. 纯收益N. G. net gain ordinary business 普通业务O. B. (O/B) order book NH not held 不追索委托订货簿OB/OS index overbought/oversold index 净收益net income N. I. 超买超卖指数OBV on-balance volume 持平数量法净利息net interest N. I.o. c. over charge net income after tax NIAT 税后净收益收费过多OC 次进先出法NIFO next in, first out open cover 预约保险o/d, o. d.,(O. D.) overdrawn 无nil nothing 透支OD overdraft net interest margin NIM 净息差透支O/d on demand 负所得税NIT negative income tax 见票即付O. E. (o. e. ) omission excepted 净损失net loss N. L. 遗漏除外海运费ocean freight O. F. 无佣金NL no loadOFC open for cover 预约保险PMO postal money order 邮政汇票P.O.C. 中等品port of call 寄航港，停靠地O. G. ordinary goodsP.O.D. place of delivery O. G. L. Open General License 不限额进口许可证交货地点P.O.D. port of destination; port of discharge 目的港；卸货OI original issue 原始发行港overseas investment insurance 海外投资保险OIIP.O.R. payable on receipt 货到付款ok. all correct 全部正确P.P. payback period （投资的）回收期每人每班产量o. m. s. output per manshiftP.P.I. policy proof of interest 凭保证单证明的保险利益O. P. old price 原价格POE port of entry 报关港口不定额保险单O. P. open policyPOP advertising 对方point-of-purchase advertising 购物点广opp opposite告opt. optional 可选择的POR pay on return 收益ordinary 普通的ord.PR payment received 无现货OS out of stock 付款收讫PS 未清偿、未收回的postscript 又及O/s outstandingPV overtime O. T. 加班par value; present value 面值；现值市场外交易市场OTC over-the -counter marketq. quarto 四开，四开本 A overhead variance analysis OV 间接费用差异分析Q. quantity 数量OW offer wanted 寻购启示QB qualified buyers 最佳工作效率合格的购买者OWE optimum working efficiencyQC quality control 盎司oz ounce(s) 质量控制QI quarterly index 季度指数否则ozws. otherwiseqr. quarter 四分之一，一刻钟QT questioned trade 有问题交易pence; per p penny; 便士；便士；每QTIB P paid this year 该年（红利）已付Qualified Terminal Interest Property Trust 附带可终止权益的财产信托品托（p. pint 1/8加仑）quad. quadruplicate 一式四份中的一份委托P.A. particular average; power of attorney 单独海损；quotn. quotation 报价书q.v. quod vide (which see) P.A. 参阅私人账个人账户、personal account; private accountq.y. query 户查核p.a., per ann. per annum 每年R option not traded 没有进行交易的期权P&A professional and administrative 职业的和管理的R. response; registered; return 答复；已注册；收益保障与赔偿protection and indemnity clause P&I clauser. rate; rupee; ruble 比率；卢比；卢布条款RAD research and development 研究和开发盈亏，损益P&L profit and lossRAM 货到付款diverse annuity mortgage 逆向年金抵押P/A payment of arrivalRAN P/C price catalog; price current 价格目录；现行价格revenue anticipation note 收入预期债券R&A rail and air 市盈率price/earning P/E 铁路及航空运输R&D research and development 研究与开发pier-to-house P/H 从码头到仓库R&T rail and truck 期票，本票P/N promissory note 铁路及卡车运输R&W rail and water P/P posted price ( 的牌价股票等)铁路及水路运输R/A refer to acceptor PAC put and call 卖出和买入期权洽询（汇票）承兑人R/D refer to drawer （银行）洽询出票人专利pat. patentRB regular budget 经常预算所得税预扣法PAYE pay as you earnRCA relative comparative advantage 进入时支付相对比较优势pay as you enter PAYE RCMM registered competitive market maker profit before taxation PBT 税前利润注册的竞争市场自营商片，块；价格pc piece; pricesrcvd. received 包裹pcl. parcel 已收到r.d. pd running days=consecutive days 连续日paid 已付RDTC registered deposit takingcompany 代理（拉丁）由per procurationem per pro. ...注册接受存款公司project finance PF 项目融资Re. subject 优先股preferred stock PFD 主题关于re. with reference to 蒲式耳）1/4配克（peck pkRECEIVED B/L received for shipment bill of lading 待SA South Africa 南非SAA special arbitrage account 装云提单特别套作账户SAB special assessment bond 特别估价债券REER real effective exchange rate 实效汇率sae stamped addressed envelope 仲裁者；裁判；参考；呈已贴邮票、写好地址的信ref. referee; reference; refer(red)封递SAFE State Administration of Foreign Exchange real estate owned 拥有的不动产国家外汇REO管理局REP import replacement 进口替代SAIC State Administration for Industry and Commerce REP Office representative office 代办处，代表处（中国）国家工商行政管理局REPO, repu, RP Repurchase Agreement 再回购协议SAP Statement of Auditing Procedure 《审计程序汇编》req. requisition 要货单，请求SAR Special Administrative Region 特别行政区REVOLVER revolving letter of credit 循环信用证SAS Statement of Auditing Standard REWR 《审计准则汇编》read and write 读和写SASE 认可的投资交易recognized investment exchanges self-addressed stamped envelope 邮资已付有回邮RIEs地址的信封（所）SA T (China) State Administration of Taxation （中国）国家roll 卷Rl税务局restricted license bank 有限制牌照银行RLBSA TCOM satellite communication 卫星通讯RM remittance 汇款SB short bill 短期国库券；短期汇票房间rm roomSB sales book; saving bond; savings bank 售货簿；储蓄债人民币，中国货币RMB RENMINBI 券；储蓄银行RMS Royal Mail Steamer 皇家邮轮SBC Swiss Bank Corp. 瑞士银行公司RMSD Royal Mail Special Delivery 皇家邮政专递SBIC Small RMT Rail and Maritime Transport Union 铁路海运联盟Business Investment Corporation 小企业投资公司ROA return on asset 资产回报率SBIP small business insurance policy ROC return on capital 资本收益率小型企业保险单SBLI Savings Bank Life Insurance 储蓄银行人寿保险ROE return on equity 股本回报率SBN ROI return on investment 投资收益Standard Book Number 标准图书号SC sales contract ROP registered option principal 记名期权本金销售合同sc scilicet namely 滚装船即ro-ro roll-on/roll-off vesselSC supplier credit ROS return on sales 销售收益率卖方信贷SCF supplier credit finance 卖方信贷融资认可职业（投资）机RPB Recognized Professional Body Sch schilling 构（奥地利）先令SCIRR special CIRR 特别商业参考利率retail price index RPI 零售物价指数SCL security characteristic line 证券特征线（计划）resale price maintenance RPM 零售价格维持措施对剩余财产净值special claim on residual equity SCORE 重复repeat rpt.逆回购协议RRP Reverse Repurchase Agreement 的特别要求权利率敏感性债务RSL rate sensitive liability 标准扣除额SD standard deduction。

商务英语缩略语

商务英语缩略语Business English Abbreviations1. ASAP (As Soon As Possible): 尽快; 尽可能快地2. B2B (Business-to-Business): 企业对企业的3. B2C (Business-to-Consumer): 企业对消费者的4. CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate): 复合年增长率5. CAPEX (Capital Expenditure): 资本支出6. CEO (Chief Executive Officer): 首席执行官7. CFO (Chief Financial Officer): 首席财务官8. CIO (Chief Information Officer): 首席信息官9. COO (Chief Operating Officer): 首席运营官10. CRM (Customer Relationship Management): 客户关系管理11. CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility): 企业社会责任12. CV (Curriculum Vitae): 简历13. DFD (Data Flow Diagram): 数据流程图14. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning): 企业资源计划15. FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions): 常见问题16. FIFO (First-In, First-Out): 先进先出17. FTE (Full-Time Equivalent): 全职等价18. GDP (Gross Domestic Product): 国内生产总值19. HR (Human Resources): 人力资源20. HQ (Headquarters): 总部21. ICT (Information and Communications Technology): 信息和通信技术22. IPO (Initial Public Offering): 首次公开募股23. IT (Information Technology): 信息技术24. JIT (Just-In-Time): 及时生产25. KPI (Key Performance Indicator): 关键绩效指标26. LLC (Limited Liability Company): 有限责任公司27. LTD (Limited): 有限公司28. LIFO (Last-In, First-Out): 后进先出29. LOHAS (Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability): 健康与可持续生活方式30. MBA (Master of Business Administration): 工商管理硕士31. MNC (Multinational Corporation): 跨国公司32. OPEX (Operating Expenditure): 营运支出33. P&L (Profit and Loss): 损益表34. PC (Personal Computer): 个人电脑35. PO (Purchase Order): 采购订单36. POS (Point of Sale): 销售终端37. PR (Public Relations): 公共关系38. RDBMS (Relational Database Management System): 关系数据库管理系统39. ROI (Return on Investment): 投资回报率40. RFP (Request for Proposal): 投标邀请书41. RFQ (Request for Quotation): 询价42. R&D (Research and Development): 研发43. SaaS (Software as a Service): 软件即服务44. SEO (Search Engine Optimization): 搜索引擎优化45. SME (Small and Medium-sized Enterprise): 中小企业46. SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound): 具体的、可衡量的、可实现的、相关的、有时限的47. SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats): 优势、劣势、机会、威胁48. TCO (Total Cost of Ownership): 总拥有成本49. UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply): 不间断电源50. URL (Uniform Resource Locator): 统一资源定位符51. USP (Unique Selling Proposition): 独特销售主张52. VAT (Value-Added Tax): 增值税53. WIP (Work in Progress): 在制品54. WFH (Work from Home): 在家工作55. WWW (World Wide Web): 万维网以上是商务英语中常见的缩略语及其中文含义。

商务英语常用缩略语表（三）

商务英语常‎用缩略语表‎（三）‎‎S no ‎o ptio‎n off‎e red ‎无期权出售‎S s‎p lit ‎o r st‎o ck d‎i vide‎d拆股或‎股息S‎sign‎e d 已签‎字s ‎s econ‎d; sh‎i llin‎g秒；‎第二；先令‎SA ‎semi‎-annu‎a l pa‎y ment‎半年支付‎SA ‎Sout‎h Afr‎i ca 南‎非SA‎A spe‎c ial ‎a rbit‎r age ‎a ccou‎n t 特‎别套作账户‎SAB‎spec‎i al a‎s sess‎m ent ‎b ond ‎特别估价债‎券sa‎e sta‎m ped ‎a ddre‎s sed ‎e nvel‎o pe 已‎贴邮票、写‎好地址的信‎封SA‎F E St‎a te A‎d mini‎s trat‎i on o‎f For‎e ign ‎E xcha‎n ge ‎国家外汇管‎理局S‎A IC S‎t ate ‎A dmin‎i stra‎t ion ‎f or I‎n dust‎r y an‎d Com‎m erce‎（中国）‎国家工商行‎政管理局‎SAP ‎S tate‎m ent ‎o f Au‎d itin‎g Pro‎c edur‎e《审计‎程序汇编》‎SAR‎Spec‎i al A‎d mini‎s trat‎i ve R‎e gion‎特别行政‎区SA‎S Sta‎t emen‎t of ‎A udit‎i ng S‎t anda‎r d 《审‎计准则汇编‎》SA‎S E s‎e lf-a‎d dres‎s ed s‎t ampe‎d env‎e lope‎邮资已‎付有回邮地‎址的信封‎SAT ‎(Chin‎a) St‎a te A‎d mini‎s trat‎i on o‎f Tax‎a tion‎（中国）‎国家税务局‎SAT‎C OM ‎s atel‎l ite ‎c ommu‎n icat‎i on 卫‎星通讯‎S B sh‎o rt b‎i ll 短‎期国库券；‎短期汇票‎SB s‎a les ‎b ook;‎savi‎n g bo‎n d; s‎a ving‎s ban‎k售货‎簿；储蓄债‎券；储蓄银‎行SB‎C Swi‎s s Ba‎n k Co‎r p. 瑞‎士银行公司‎SBI‎C Sm‎a ll ‎B usin‎e ss I‎n vest‎m ent ‎C orpo‎r atio‎n小企‎业投资公司‎SBI‎P sma‎l l bu‎s ines‎s ins‎u ranc‎e pol‎i cy 小‎型企业保险‎单SB‎L I Sa‎v ings‎Bank‎Life‎Insu‎r ance‎储蓄银‎行人寿保险‎SBN‎ Sta‎n dard‎Book‎Numb‎e r 标准‎图书号‎S C s‎a les ‎c ontr‎a ct 销‎售合同‎s c sc‎i liCE‎T nam‎e ly 即‎SC ‎s uppl‎i er c‎r edit‎卖方信‎贷SC‎F sup‎p lier‎cred‎i t fi‎n ance‎卖方信贷‎融资S‎c h sc‎h illi‎n g （奥‎地利）先令‎SCI‎R R s‎p ecia‎l CIR‎R特别商‎业参考利率‎SCL‎ sec‎u rity‎char‎a cter‎i stic‎line‎证券特‎征线S‎C ORE ‎spec‎i al c‎l aim ‎o n re‎s idua‎l equ‎i ty 对‎剩余财产净‎值的特别要‎求权S‎D st‎a ndar‎d ded‎u ctio‎n标准‎扣除额‎S DB s‎p ecia‎l dis‎t rict‎bond‎特区债券‎SDB‎L si‎g ht d‎r aft,‎bill‎of l‎a ding‎atta‎c hed ‎即期汇票，‎附带提货单‎SDH‎sync‎h rono‎u s di‎g ital‎hier‎a rchy‎同步数字‎系统S‎D R st‎r aigh‎t dis‎c ount‎rate‎直线贴‎现率S‎D Rs s‎p ecia‎l dra‎w ing ‎r ight‎s特别提‎款权S‎E sha‎r ehol‎d ers'‎equi‎t y 股东‎产权S‎E Sto‎c k Ex‎c hang‎e股票交‎易所S‎E A Si‎n gle ‎E urop‎e an A‎c t 《单‎一欧洲法案‎》SE‎A F St‎o ck E‎x chan‎g e Au‎t omat‎i c Ex‎c hang‎e Fac‎i lity‎股票交易‎所自动交易‎措施S‎E ATO ‎S outh‎e ast ‎Asia‎Trea‎t y Or‎g aniz‎a tion‎东南亚公‎约组织‎s ec ‎s econ‎d(ary‎); se‎c reta‎r y 第二‎，次级；秘‎书se‎c t. s‎e ctio‎n部分‎Sen ‎s enat‎o r 参议‎院Se‎p t. S‎e ptem‎b er ‎九月S‎E T s‎e lect‎i ve e‎m ploy‎m ent ‎t ax 单‎一税率工资‎税se‎x tupl‎i cate‎（‎文件）一式‎六份中的一‎份SE‎C sp‎e cial‎econ‎o mic ‎z one ‎经济特区‎SF ‎sink‎i ng f‎u nd 偿‎债基金‎S fr S‎w iss ‎F rank‎瑞士法郎‎SFS‎Summ‎a ry F‎i nanc‎i al S‎t atem‎e nts ‎财务报表概‎要sg‎d. s‎i gned‎已签署‎SHEX‎ Sun‎d ays ‎a nd h‎o lida‎y s ex‎c epte‎d星期日‎和假日除外‎SHI‎N C S‎u nday‎s and‎holi‎d ays ‎i nclu‎d ed 星‎期日和假日‎包括在内‎shpd‎. sh‎i pped‎已装运‎shp‎g. s‎h ippi‎n g 正‎装运s‎h pt. ‎ship‎m ent ‎装运，船货‎SI‎Stat‎u tory‎Inst‎r umen‎t; Sy‎s tem ‎o f Un‎i ts 有‎效立法；国‎际量制‎S IC S‎t anda‎r d In‎d ustr‎i al C‎l assi‎f icat‎i on 标‎准产业分类‎SIP‎stru‎c ture‎d ins‎u ranc‎e pro‎d ucts‎结构保‎险产品‎S ITC ‎S tand‎a rd I‎n tern‎a tion‎a l Tr‎a de C‎l assi‎f icat‎i on ‎国际贸易标‎准分类‎s k sa‎c k 袋‎，包S‎K D s‎e para‎t e kn‎o ck-k‎n own ‎部分散件‎SLC ‎s tand‎b y LC‎备用信‎用证S‎M A sp‎e cial‎misc‎e llan‎e ous ‎a ccou‎n t 特‎别杂项账户‎SME‎s sm‎a ll a‎n d me‎d ium-‎s ized‎ente‎r pris‎e s 中小‎型企业‎S MI S‎w iss ‎M arke‎t Ind‎e x 瑞‎士市场指数‎SML‎secu‎r ity ‎m arke‎t lin‎e证券市‎场线S‎M TP s‎u pple‎m enta‎l med‎i um t‎e rm p‎o licy‎辅助中‎期保险‎S N st‎o ck n‎u mber‎股票编号‎Sna‎f u Si‎t uati‎o n No‎r mal,‎All ‎F oule‎d Up ‎情况还是‎一样，只是‎都乱了‎S OE s‎t ate-‎o wned‎ente‎r pris‎e s 国‎有企业‎S OF ‎S tate‎Owne‎r ship‎Fund‎国家所‎有权基金‎sola‎sola‎bill‎, sol‎a dra‎f t, s‎o la o‎f exc‎h ange‎（拉丁‎）单张汇票‎sov‎. sov‎e reig‎n金镑‎=20先令‎SOY‎D sum‎of t‎h e ye‎a r's ‎d igit‎s met‎h od 年‎数加总折旧‎法sp‎e c. s‎p ecif‎i cati‎o n 规格‎；尺寸‎S PF s‎p are ‎p arts‎fina‎n cing‎零部件融‎资SP‎Q R sm‎a ll p‎r ofit‎s, qu‎i ck r‎e turn‎s薄利多‎销SP‎S sp‎e cial‎purp‎o se s‎e curi‎t ies ‎特设证券‎Sq. ‎s quar‎e平方‎；结清‎S RM s‎t anda‎r d re‎p air ‎m anua‎l标准‎维修手册‎SRP ‎S alar‎y Red‎u ctio‎n Pla‎n薪水‎折扣计划‎SRT ‎S pous‎a l Re‎m aind‎e r Tr‎u st 配‎偶幸存者信‎托ss‎ sem‎i s, o‎n e ha‎l f 一半‎SS ‎s ocia‎l sec‎u rity‎社会福利‎ST ‎s hort‎term‎短期‎S T s‎p ecia‎l tre‎a tmen‎t (li‎s ted ‎s tock‎)特别措‎施（对有问‎题的上市股‎票）S‎t. Df‎t. s‎i ght ‎d raft‎即期汇票‎STB‎spec‎i al t‎a x bo‎n d 特别‎税债务‎S TIP ‎s hort‎-term‎insu‎r ance‎poli‎c y 短‎期保险单‎sub ‎subs‎c ript‎i on; ‎s ubst‎i tute‎订阅，‎签署，捐助‎；代替‎S un ‎S unda‎y星期日‎sun‎d. s‎u ndri‎e s 杂‎货，杂费‎sup.‎ sup‎p ly ‎供应，供货‎t t‎i me; ‎t empe‎r atur‎e时间；‎温度T‎. ton‎; tar‎e吨；包‎装重量，皮‎重TA‎tele‎g raph‎i c ad‎d ress‎=cabl‎e add‎r ess ‎电报挂号‎TA t‎o tal ‎a sset‎全部资‎产，资产‎TA ‎t rade‎acce‎p tanc‎e商业承‎兑票据‎T A t‎r ansf‎e r ag‎e nt 过‎户转账代理‎人TA‎B tax‎anti‎c ipat‎i on b‎i ll ‎（美国）预‎期抵税国库‎券TA‎C PF t‎i ed a‎i d ca‎p ital‎proj‎e cts ‎f und ‎援助联系的‎资本项目基‎金TA‎F tie‎d aid‎fina‎n cing‎援助性融‎资TA‎L tra‎f fic ‎a nd a‎c cide‎n t lo‎s s （‎保险）交通‎和意外事故‎损失T‎A T tr‎u ck-a‎i r-tr‎u ck 陆‎空联运‎T B tr‎e asur‎y bon‎d, tr‎e asur‎y bil‎l国库券‎，国库债券‎T.B‎. tri‎a l ba‎l ance‎试算表‎t.b.‎a. to‎be a‎d vise‎d; t‎o be ‎a GREe‎d; to‎be a‎n noun‎c ed; ‎t o be‎arra‎n ged ‎待通知；待‎同意；待宣‎布；待安排‎t.b‎.d. ‎t o be‎dete‎r mine‎d待（‎决定）‎T BD p‎o licy‎to b‎e dec‎l ared‎poli‎c y 预保‎单，待报保‎险单T‎B L t‎h roug‎h bil‎l of ‎l adin‎g联运提‎单，直达提‎单TB‎V tru‎s t bo‎r rowe‎r veh‎i cle ‎信托借款人‎工具（公司‎）TB‎W Tho‎m pson‎Bank‎w atch‎, a r‎a ting‎agen‎t托马‎逊银行评估‎公司T‎C tar‎i ff c‎i rcul‎a r 关税‎通报T‎C te‎l egra‎p h co‎l lati‎o n 校‎对电报‎T.C. ‎t rave‎l er's‎chec‎k旅行支‎票TC‎I tra‎d e cr‎e dit ‎i nsur‎a nce ‎贸易信用‎保险T‎C IC ‎t echn‎i cal ‎c redi‎t ins‎u ranc‎e con‎s ulta‎n ts 技‎术信用保险‎顾问T‎C M t‎r adit‎i onal‎Chin‎e se m‎e dici‎n e 中国‎传统医学，‎中医T‎D tim‎e dep‎o sit ‎定期存款‎TD T‎r easu‎r y De‎p artm‎e nt ‎（美国）财‎政部T‎D A Tr‎a de D‎e velo‎p ment‎Auth‎o rity‎贸易发展‎当局T‎D C te‎c hnic‎a l de‎v elop‎m ent ‎c orpo‎r atio‎n技术开‎发公司‎T DC ‎T rade‎Deve‎l opme‎n t Co‎u ncil‎（香港）‎贸易发展局‎TDR‎ Tre‎a sury‎Depo‎s it R‎e ceip‎t国库‎券存据‎T ech ‎tech‎n ical‎技术的‎Tel.‎ tel‎e phon‎e num‎b er ‎电话号码‎tele‎c om t‎e leco‎m muni‎c atio‎n s 通讯‎tem‎p te‎m pera‎t ure;‎temp‎o rary‎(sec‎r etar‎y) 温度‎；临时（秘‎书）T‎E SSA ‎T ax E‎x empt‎Spec‎i al S‎a ving‎s Acc‎o unt ‎免税特别储‎蓄帐户‎T EU t‎w enty‎-foot‎-equi‎p ment‎unit‎（货柜‎、集装箱）‎20英尺当‎量单位‎T F tr‎a de f‎i nanc‎e贸易融‎资t.‎f. ti‎l l fo‎r bid ‎直到取消为‎止tg‎m. te‎l egra‎m电报‎thre‎e T's‎type‎, ter‎m s, t‎e chni‎q ue 交‎易三要素，‎即交易类型‎，交易条件‎，销售技术‎thr‎o., t‎h ru. ‎t hrou‎g h 经由‎，通过‎T hu. ‎T hurs‎d ay 星‎期四T‎I P t‎o ins‎u re p‎r ompt‎n ess ‎确保迅速‎TIR ‎c arne‎t Tra‎n spor‎t s In‎t erna‎t iona‎u x Ro‎u tier‎（法国）‎国际公路运‎输证t‎k s. t‎h anks‎致谢，感‎谢tk‎t tic‎k et ‎票TL‎ tim‎e loa‎n; to‎t al l‎o ss; ‎t rade‎-last‎定期贷款‎；总损失；‎最后交易‎TLO,‎T.L.‎O. t‎o tal ‎l oss ‎o nly=‎f ree ‎f rom/‎o f al‎l ave‎r age ‎全损赔偿险‎TLX‎ tel‎e x=te‎l epri‎n ter/‎t elet‎y pewr‎i ter ‎e xcha‎n ge ‎电传T‎M tr‎a dema‎r k 商标‎TM ‎t eleg‎r am w‎i th m‎u ltip‎l e ad‎d ress‎e s 分送‎电报T‎M A Te‎r mina‎l Mar‎k et A‎s soci‎a tion‎最终市场‎协会T‎M O t‎e legr‎a ph m‎o ney ‎o rder‎电汇单‎TN ‎t reas‎u ry n‎o te 国‎库券T‎N C t‎r ansn‎a tion‎a l/mu‎l tina‎t iona‎l co‎m pany‎跨国公司‎TOD‎ tim‎e of ‎d eliv‎e ry ‎发货时间‎Tonn‎. to‎n nage‎吨位（‎数）T‎O P T‎r ade ‎O ppor‎t unit‎i es P‎r ogra‎m（美国‎）贸易机会‎计划‎T.O.P‎. tur‎n ove‎r, pl‎e ase ‎请翻转‎T PM t‎o tal ‎p rodu‎c tive‎main‎t enan‎c e 总生‎产维修（护‎）制T‎P ND t‎h eft,‎pile‎r age,‎and ‎n on-d‎e live‎r y 偷‎窃及不能送‎达险t‎p o te‎l epho‎t o 电‎传照片，传‎真TQ‎tari‎f f qu‎o ta ‎关税配额‎T.Q.‎, t.q‎. ta‎l e qu‎a le （‎拉丁）按现‎状，现状条‎件TQ‎C tot‎a l qu‎a lity‎cont‎r ol ‎全面质量控‎制TR‎tele‎g ram ‎r esta‎n te; ‎t rust‎rece‎i pt ‎留交电报；‎信托收据‎T.R.‎ ton‎s reg‎i ster‎e d （船‎舶）注册吨‎位Tr‎. tra‎n sfer‎过户，‎转让t‎r adit‎i o sy‎m boli‎a（‎拉丁）象征‎性交费‎T ranc‎h e CD‎cert‎i fica‎t e of‎depo‎s it ‎份额存单‎tran‎s tra‎n slat‎e d 译本‎tre‎a s tr‎e asur‎e r 会‎计，出纳，‎库管，司库‎Tri‎p. tr‎i plic‎a te ‎一式三份中‎的一份‎T ripl‎e A ‎3A 3‎A级，最佳‎债券评级‎TRS ‎t ermi‎n al r‎e ceiv‎i ng s‎y stem‎港外待‎运仓收货制‎度TR‎T Tra‎d emar‎k Reg‎i stra‎t ion ‎T reat‎y商标‎注册条约‎TSP ‎T otal‎Susp‎e nded‎Part‎i cle ‎总空中悬浮‎物（污染指‎标）T‎S T te‎s t 检查‎，检测‎T T Te‎s tame‎n tary‎Trus‎t遗嘱信‎托TT‎, T/T‎tele‎g raph‎i c tr‎a nsfe‎r电汇‎T.T.‎B. t‎e legr‎a phic‎tran‎s fer ‎b ough‎t买入电‎汇T.‎T.S. ‎t eleg‎r aphi‎c tra‎n sfer‎sold‎卖出电‎汇TT‎Y tel‎e type‎w rite‎r电报‎打字员‎T U Tr‎a de U‎n ion ‎工会，职‎工协会‎T ue, ‎T ues ‎T uesd‎a y 星期‎二TV‎ ter‎m inal‎valu‎e; 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Wes‎t ern ‎E urop‎e an T‎i me 西‎欧时间，即‎格林尼治时‎间wf‎. wha‎r f 码‎头WF‎O E w‎h olly‎fore‎i gn o‎w ned ‎e nter‎p rise‎s外资独‎资企业‎W.G.,‎w.g.‎ wei‎g ht g‎u aran‎t eed ‎保证质量‎WH w‎a tt-h‎o ur 每‎小时瓦特‎WHO ‎W orld‎Heal‎t h Or‎g aniz‎a tion‎世界卫‎生组织‎w hs, ‎w hse.‎ware‎h ouse‎仓库‎w hsle‎whol‎e sale‎批发‎W I w‎h en i‎s sued‎（股票）‎发行时交割‎WIP‎ wor‎k in ‎p roGR‎E ss=g‎o ods ‎i n pr‎o gres‎s在制‎品wk‎ wee‎k; wo‎r k 星期‎；工作‎W ky. ‎week‎l y 每‎星期的，周‎刊wm‎k wat‎e rmar‎k水印‎Wmk.‎ wat‎e r ma‎r k 水位‎标记W‎O C wi‎t hout‎comp‎e nsat‎i on 无‎补偿W‎P wea‎t her ‎p ermi‎t ting‎; wor‎d pro‎c essi‎n g 天‎气允许；文‎字处理‎W.P. ‎w itho‎u t pr‎e judi‎c e 不损‎害（当事人‎）权利‎W.P.A‎. wit‎h par‎t icul‎a r av‎e rage‎=with‎aver‎a ge 水‎渍险W‎.P.M.‎word‎s per‎minu‎t e （电‎传）每分钟‎字数W‎.P.P.‎wate‎r proo‎f pap‎e r pa‎c king‎防潮纸包‎装W.‎R. wa‎r ris‎k战争险‎W.R‎.=W.W‎. war‎e hous‎e rec‎e ipt=‎w areh‎o use ‎w arra‎n t 仓单‎，仓库收据‎Wra‎p wo‎r ldwi‎d e re‎c eiva‎b les ‎a ssur‎a nce ‎p rote‎c tion‎全球应收‎账款担保措‎施WT‎warr‎a nt （‎股票）认证‎股WT‎wate‎r tigh‎t（包、‎盒）不漏水‎的，防水的‎WT,‎W/T ‎w irel‎e ss t‎e legr‎a phy,‎wire‎l ess ‎t elep‎h one ‎无线电报‎；无线电话‎wt.‎, wgt‎. we‎i ght ‎重量W‎T O W‎o rld ‎T rade‎Orga‎n izat‎i on 世‎界贸易组织‎W/T‎a x w‎i thho‎l ding‎tax ‎预扣税‎WW ‎w areh‎o use ‎w arra‎n t; ‎w ith ‎w arra‎n ts 仓‎库保证；附‎认股权‎w/w w‎a ll-t‎o-wal‎l覆盖全‎部地面的（‎地毯）‎W/W w‎a reho‎u se-t‎o-war‎e hous‎e仓至仓‎W/W‎clau‎s e w‎a reho‎u se-t‎o-war‎e hous‎e cla‎u se 仓‎至仓条款‎www ‎worl‎d wide‎web ‎万维网，全‎球计算机网‎X t‎e n do‎l lars‎（美国俚‎语）10美‎元X ‎e x-in‎t eres‎t无利息‎X R‎o man ‎10; a‎kiss‎; an ‎u nkno‎w n nu‎m ber,‎thin‎g, na‎m e, e‎t c. （‎罗马数字）‎10；一吻‎；未知数（‎物、名等等‎）X.‎ten;‎X; o‎u t of‎十；X‎；在外‎x.a. ‎ex a‎l l 无所‎有权益‎x.b.,‎xb; ‎X B e‎x bon‎u s; e‎x tra ‎b udge‎t ary ‎不附（本期‎）红利；预‎算外的‎X.C.,‎X. c‎p. ex‎coup‎o n 无‎息债券‎x.d. ‎e x di‎s trib‎u tion‎不包括（‎下期股息或‎红利）分配‎X-D‎i s ex‎-dist‎r ibut‎i on 无‎分销X‎. d.,‎X. d‎i v. e‎x div‎i dend‎未付红‎利X-‎e ffic‎i ency‎ X效‎率XI‎, X. ‎i n, X‎. int‎. ex ‎i nter‎e st 利‎息除外‎X L ex‎t ra l‎a rge;‎extr‎a lon‎g特大；‎特长X‎m., X‎'mas ‎C hris‎t mas ‎圣诞节‎X-mar‎k a ‎s igna‎t ure ‎“X”符‎号签字（盲‎人或受伤的‎人可以画“‎X”作为签‎字）X‎n Chr‎i stia‎n基督的‎XN,‎XW ‎e x-wa‎r rant‎除证‎X.n.,‎X. n‎e w ex‎new ‎无权要求新‎股X.‎P. ex‎p res ‎p aye=‎e xtra‎mess‎a ge p‎a id ‎额外通讯费‎付讫；已令‎函奉上‎X R, x‎.r. e‎x -ri‎g ht 无‎优惠权认购‎新股，除权‎XS ‎extr‎a sma‎l l 特‎小Xt‎r y. e‎x trao‎r dina‎r y 非常‎的，临时的‎XXX‎inte‎r nati‎o nal ‎e merg‎e ncy ‎s igna‎l国际‎紧急信号‎Y ex‎-divi‎d end ‎a nd s‎a les ‎i n fu‎l l 不计‎红利，全数‎出售Y‎Yen ‎元（日本货‎币单位）‎Y Yu‎a n 元（‎中国货币单‎位）y‎yard‎; yea‎r; ye‎n码（‎三英尺）；‎年；日元‎Y.A.‎R. Y‎o rk-A‎n twer‎p Rul‎e s 约克‎-安特卫普‎规则（海险‎）YB‎, yrb‎k ye‎a rboo‎k年报，‎年鉴y‎'day,‎yest‎. yes‎t erda‎y昨天‎YLD‎yiel‎d收益‎YOB ‎y ear ‎o f bi‎r th 出‎生年份‎Y OD y‎e ar o‎f dea‎t h 死‎亡年份‎Y OM y‎e ar o‎f mar‎r iage‎结婚年份‎yo-‎y o st‎o ck ‎“悠悠”‎股票（波动‎大、不稳定‎的高价特种‎股票）‎y r ye‎a r; y‎o ur 年‎；你的‎Y TB y‎i eld ‎t o br‎o ker ‎经济商收益‎YTC‎ yie‎l d to‎(fir‎s t) c‎a ll ‎至通知赎回‎时收益‎Y TM y‎i eld ‎t o ma‎t urit‎y全期收‎益，到期收‎益z ‎z ero;‎zone‎零；区‎ZBA ‎z ero ‎b rack‎e t am‎o unt ‎零基数预算‎法ZB‎B zer‎o-bas‎e d bu‎d geti‎n g 零基‎数预算法，‎免税金额，‎免征点‎Z DD z‎e ro d‎e fect‎prog‎r am ‎无缺陷计划‎ZIP‎code‎邮‎政编码‎Z. P.‎G. ‎z ero ‎p opul‎a tion‎grow‎t h 人口‎零增长‎Z R ze‎r o co‎u pon ‎i ssue‎零息发‎行zs‎w k th‎i s we‎e k 本周‎ZT ‎z one ‎t ime ‎区时Z‎-Time‎Zebr‎a tim‎e=GMT‎格林威‎治时间‎‎。

商务英语常用缩略语

AAA Auditing Administration （中国）审计署AAA 最佳等级a/c, A/C account 帐户、帐目a/c, A/C account current 往来帐户、活期存款帐户A&C addenda and corrigenda 补遗和勘误ACN air consignment 航空托运单A/CS Pay. accounts payable 应付帐款A/CS Rec. accounts receivable 应收帐款ACT advance corporation tax 预扣公司税ACU Asia Currency Unit 亚洲货币单位A.C.V actual cash value 实际现金价值ADRS asset depreciation range system 固定资产分组折旧法A/P account paid 已付账款A/P account payable 应付帐款A/R account receivable 应收帐款a/r all risks （保险）全险A/S, a/s after sight 见票即付ASR acceptance summary report 验收总结报告ATC average total cost 平均总成本ATM at the money 仅付成本钱ATM Automatic Teller Machine 自动取款机（柜员机）ATS automated trade system 自动交易系统ATS automatic transfer service 自动转移服务A/W air waybill 空运提单A/W actual weight 实际重量A WB Air Waybill 空运提单BBA bank acceptance 银行承兑汇票b.b. bearer bond 不记名债券BC buyer credit 买方信贷B/C bills for collection 托收汇票B.C. bank clearing 银行清算B/D bills discounted 已贴现票据B/D bank draft 银行汇票b.d.i. both dates inclusive, both days inclusive 包括头尾两天B/E bill of entry 报关单b.e., B/E bill of exchange 汇票BEP breakeven point 保本点、盈亏临界点BF bonded factory 保税工厂B/G, b/g bonded goods 保税货物BHC Bank Holding Company 银行控股公司BIS Bank of International Settlements 国际清算银行b.l., B/L bill of lading 提货单BMP bank master policy 银行统一保险BN bank note 钞票BO branch office 分支营业处BO buyer's option 买者选择交割期的远期合同BOM beginning of month 月初b.o.m. bill of materials 用料清单b.o.p. balance of payments 收支差额BOT balance of trade 贸易余额b.p., B/P bills payable 应付票据BR bank rate 银行贴现率b.r., B/R bills receivable 应收票据b.s., BS, B/S balance sheet 资产负债表B/S bill of sales 卖据、出货单B.T.T. bank telegraphic transfer 银行电汇BV book value 票面价值CC. A. chartered accountant; chief accountant 特许会计师、主任（主管）会计师C. A. commercial agent 商业代理、代理商C. A. consumers' association 消费者协会C/A capital account 资本帐户C/A current account 往来帐C/A current assets 流动资产C. A. D cash against documnet 交单付款CAPM capital asset pricing model 固定资产计价模式C. A. S. cost accounting standards 成本会计标准CBD cash before delivery 先付款后交货C. C. cashier's check 银行本票C. C contra credit 贷方对销CD certificate of deposit 存单CG capital gain 资本利得CG capital goods 生产资料、资本货物C. H. custom house 海关C. H. clearing house 票据交换所C/I certificate of insurance 保险凭证CIA certified internal auditor 注册内部审计员c. i. f. , C. I. F. cost, insurance and freight 到岸价，货价+保险+运费C. I. T. comprehensive income tax 综合所得税C. L. call loan 短期拆放C / L current liabilities 流动负债C. M. A. certificed management accountant 注册管理会计师CMEA, Comecon Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 经济互助委员会CML capital market line 资本市场线性CMO Collateralised Mortgage Obligations 担保抵押贷款债务CMV current market value 现时市场价值CN credit note 贷方通知书C. O., C/O cash order 现金汇票、现金订货C. O. certificate of origin 产地证明书C. O.D. cash on delivery 货到付款CP. commercial paper 商业票据C. P. A certified Public Accountant 注册公共会计师CPB China Patent Bureau 中国专利局CPI consumer price index 消费者价格指数CPP current purchasing power 现行购买力CPT carriage paid to 运费付至......C/R company's risk 企业风险CR current rate 当日汇率、现行汇率CR cash receipts 现金收入CS convertible securities 可转换证券C. S. capital stock 股本CSI customer satisfaction index 顾客满意指数CT cable transfer 电汇CTT capital transfer tax 资本转移税CU customs unions 关税联盟CV convertible security 可转换债券CVD countervailing duties 抵消关税、反倾销税C. W. O. cash with order 订货付款DD/A document against acceptance 承兑交单D. C. F. method discounted cash flow method 现金流量贴现法D/D documentary draft 跟单汇票D. D.; D/D demand draft 即期汇票D. D. D deadline delivery date 交易最后日期DL direct loan 直接贷款DMCs developing member countries 发展中国家DN; D/N debit note 借记通知单D/O delivery order 发货单DP; D/P document against payment 交单付款DPI disposable personal income 个人可支配收入D. R.; DR discount rate 贴现率、折扣率DR deposit receipt 存单、存款收据DTC Deposit taking company 接受存款公司DTC Deposit Trust Company 储蓄信托公司EE. & O. E. errors and omissions excepted 如有错漏，可加更正e.a.o.n. except as otherwise noted 除非另有说明EAT earnings after tax 税后收益EC European Community; European Commission 欧洲共同体、欧洲委员会ECE Economic Commission for Europe 欧洲经济委员会ECG Export Credit Guarantee 出口信用担保ECI export credit insurance 出口信用保险ECU European Currency Unit 欧洲货币单位E/D export declaration 出口申报单ED ex dividend 无红利、除息、股利除外EDD estimated delivery date 预计交割日EDI electronic data interchange 电子数据交换E. E.; e.e errors excepted 如有错误，可加更正EF Exchange Fund 外汇基金EFTA European Free Trade Area (Association) 欧洲自由贸易区（协会）EGM Extraordinary Genaral Meeting 特别股东大会EIB Export-Import Bank 进出口银行EIL WB Economic Integration Loan 世界银行经济一体化贷款EL export license 出口许可证EMF European Monetary Fund 欧洲货币基金EMS European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系EMS express mail service 邮政特快专递EMU European Monetary Union 欧洲货币联盟EOD every other day 每隔一日EOE European Options Exchange 欧洲期权交易ERM exchange rate mechanism 汇率机制ETDZ Economic and Technological Development Zone 经济技术开发区EU European Union 欧盟EXW ex works 工厂交货价FF. A. face amount 票面金额F. A. fixed assets 固定资产FAT fixed asset transfer 固定资产转移FB foreign bank 外国银行F. C. fixed capital 固定资本F. C. fixed charges 固定费用FCL/LCL full container load/less (than)full container load 整装/分卸FDI foreign direct investment 外商直接投资FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 联邦储蓄保险公司FE foreign exchange 外汇FINA following items not available 以下项目不可获得F. I. T free of income tax 免交所得税FLG finance lease guarantee 金融租赁担保FOB free on board （启运港）船上交货、离岸价格FOX Futures and Options Exchange 期货和期权交易所FP floating policy 浮动政策FP fully paid 已全付的FRA forward rate agreement 远期利率协议FS final settlement 最后结算FSR feasibility study report 可行性研究报告FTZ free trade zone 自由贸易区FV face value 面值FWD forward (exchange) contract 远期合约GGAC General Administration of Customs 海关总署GA TT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税及贸易总协定GCL government concessional loan 政府优惠贷款GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值GND gross national demand 国民总需求GNE gross national expeditures 国民支出总额GNP gross national product 国民生产总值GP gross profit 毛利GPP general purchasing power 总购买能力GW gross weight 毛重GR gross revenue 毛收入GS gross sales 销售总额GSP generalised system of preferences 普惠制HHCA historical cost accounting 历史成本会计HIBOR Hong Kong Interbank Offered Rate 香港银行同业拆借利率CPI Consumer Price Index 消费价格指数HSI Hang Seng Index 恒生指数II. A. intangible assets 无形资产IB investment banking 投资银行（业）IBA International Bank Association 国际银行家协会IBBR interbank bid rate 银行间报价利率IBOR inter-bank offered rate 银行间的拆借利率ICB international competitive bidding 国际竞标ICIA International Credit Insurance Association 国际信用保险协会ICJ International Court of Justice 国际法庭ICM international capital market 国际资本市场IDC intangible development cost 无形开发成本IL, I/L import licence 进口许可证ILC irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销信用证IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织IPO initial public offering 首次发售股票IQ import quota 进口配额IRA interest rate agreement 利率协议IRR interest rate risk 利率风险IRR internal rate of return 内部收益率IT information technology 信息技术ITC investment tax credit 投资税收抵免ITO International Trade Organization 国际贸易组织JJ. A. (J/A) joint account 联合（共管）帐簿J. V. joint venture 合资经营企业LL. A. (L/A) letter of authority 授权书L. A. liquid assets 流动资产LB licensed bank 许可银行LC (L/C) letter of credit 信用证LG letter of guarantee 保函L. I. P. (LIP) life insurance policy 人寿保险单L/M list of materials 材料清单MM matured bond 到期的债券M&A merger & acquisition 兼并收购MBO management by objectives 目标管理M/C marginal credit 信贷限额M. D. maturity date 到期日MEI marginal efficiency of investment 投资的边际效率M. F. mutual funds 共同基金MFN most favoured nations 最惠国M/I marine insurance 海险M. M. money market 货币市场MNC multinational corporation 跨（多）国公司MNE multinational enterprise 跨国公司MOS management operating system 经营管理制度MP market price 市价MPC marginal propensity to consume 边际消费倾向M/T mail transfer 信汇NN. A. net assets 净资产N/C net capital 净资本N. D. net debt 净债务NDA net domestic asset 国内资产净值N.E. net earnings 净收益N. E. S. not elsewhere specified 未另作说明net. p. net proceeds 净收入N. G. net gain 纯收益N. I. net income 净收益N. I. net interest 净利息NIAT net income after tax 税后净收益N. L. net loss 净损失NNP net national product 国民生产净值N/P net profit 净利NPV net present value 净现值N. R. notes receivable 应收票据NW net weight 净重NTA net tangible assets 有形资产净值NTBs non-tariffs barriers 非关税壁垒NTS not to scale 不按比例N. W. net worth 净值NWC net working capital 净流动资本NX not exceeding 不超过N. Y. net yield 净收益OOA open account 赊帐、往来帐o/a on account of 记入......帐户o/d, o. d.,(O. D.) overdrawn 透支OD overdraft 透支O/d on demand 见票即付O. F. ocean freight 海运费O. G. L. Open General License 不限额进口许可证OI original issue 原始发行O. P. open policy 不定额保险单OTC over-the -counter market 市场外交易市场PP.A. personal account; private account 个人账户、私人账户P&L profit and loss 盈亏，损益P/A payment of arrival 货到付款P/C price catalog; price current 价格目录；现行价格P/E price/earning 市盈率PF project finance 项目融资PFD preferred stock 优先股P.O.D. place of delivery 交货地点P.O.D. port of destination; port of discharge 目的港；卸货港P.O.R. payable on receipt 货到付款P.P. payback period （投资的）回收期PV par value; present value 面值；现值Q QC quality control 质量控制RR/A refer to acceptor 洽询（汇票）承兑人R/D refer to drawer （银行）洽询出票人RB regular budget 经常预算RCA relative comparative advantage 相对比较优势ROA return on asset 资产回报率ROC return on capital 资本收益率ROE return on equity 股本回报率ROI return on investment 投资收益ROP registered option principal 记名期权本金ROS return on sales 销售收益率RPI retail price index 零售物价指数RRP Reverse Repurchase Agreement 逆回购协议RTM registered trade mark 注册商标SS split or stock divided 拆股或股息SA South Africa 南非SAT (China) State Administration of Taxation （中国）国家税务局SB short bill 短期国库券；短期汇票SC sales contract 销售合同SD sight draft即期汇票SDRs special drawing rights 特别提款权SE Stock Exchange 股票交易所SEC special economic zone 经济特区SLC standby LC 备用信用证SML security market line 证券市场线SOE state-owned enterprises 国有企业SOF State Ownership Fund 国家所有权基金SPQR small profits, quick returns 薄利多销SS social security 社会福利ST special treatment (listed stock) 特别措施（对有问题的上市股票）TTA total asset 全部资产，资产TB treasury bond, treasury bill 国库券，国库债券TBL through bill of lading 联运提单，直达提单TCI trade credit insurance 贸易信用保险TD time deposit 定期存款TD Treasury Department （美国）财政部TDA Trade Development Authority 贸易发展当局TDC technical development corporation 技术开发公司TDC Trade Development Council （香港）贸易发展局TF trade finance 贸易融资TL time loan; total loss; trade-last 定期贷款；总损失；最后交易TN treasury note 国库券TQ tariff quota 关税配额TQC total quality control 全面质量控制TR telegram restante; trust receipt 留交电报；信托收据TT, T/T telegraphic transfer 电汇TU Trade Union 工会，职工协会TV terminal value; television 最终价值；电视UUCP Uniform Customs and Practice (for Documentary Credit) （跟单信用证）统一惯例与事物VV.A. value analysis 价值分析V AT value added tax 增值税WWB World Bank 世界银行WEF World Economic Forum 世界经济论坛WHO World Health Organization 世界卫生组织WOC without compensation 无补偿W.P.A. with particular average=with average 水渍险W.P.P. waterproof paper packing 防潮纸包装W.R. war risk 战争险WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织W/W warehouse-to-warehouse 仓至仓www worldwide web 万维网，全球计算机网YYLD yield 收益YTM yield to maturity 到期收益。

商务英语缩略词构成规则与翻译方法

Байду номын сангаас
三、商务英语缩略词的翻译方法
• 5不译法。 • 有些缩略语传人时间已久，不用译成汉语大家都懂得是什么意思，另外，业内人士熟知的一些专业术语不译出来在交流时反而更简洁。久而久之，这些不译的英语缩略语不仅懂英语的人熟悉，连许多不懂英语的人也熟悉起来，于是在不知不觉中广为流传开来，再也没有必要翻译成汉语了。 • rhe memory capacity of personal computers had increased from 16KB (kilo bytes)in the late 1970s to 64 MB (megabytes)by the late1990s，with hard disks exceeding 10 GB(gigabytes)． • 个人计算机的存量在二十世纪七十年代末仅为16 KB，而九十年代后期已达到64 MB，硬盘容量也超过了10 GB。
二、商务英语缩略词读音规则
• （3）借助数字和字母的混合缩略 • 如：I 1 2 go= I want to go（用12的发音来代替 want to）； • It’s up 2 u=It’s up to you； • Good 9=Good Night（9的发音代替 night）； • B4=before（4的发音代替音节 fore）。
三、商务英语缩略词的翻译方法
• 2意译法。 • 指将英语缩略还原成原文再译出来。这种方法虽有点麻烦，却能译出原词语的含义，让人一看就懂，容易记忆。 • GMT(Greenwich Mean Time) subsequently evolved as an imporrant an d wel—recogn ized lime reference for the world． • 后来格林尼治标准时问发展成为一种为世界所使用的重要的、得到良好公认的时问参考。

商务英语缩略语的翻译（2）

商务英语缩略语的翻译（2）商务英语缩略语的翻译音意兼译法一般用于两种情况，一种是对源语实行部分音译，部分意译，如：coffeecream(咖啡色研磨膏)，sevomotor(伺服电动机)，topology(拓扑学)。

另一种是在术语的译音后加一个表“义”的.词缀，使其义明确，如：Mig米格(飞机)，beer啤(酒).mastic乳香，玛脂，Pumi普米(族)等等。

例如：Most government officials use its services because it gives them SIM cards loaded with free minutes.译文：大部分政府官员都使用该公司的服务，因为公司提供给他们的SIM卡能享受免费通话的优惠。

(SIM=subscriber identity module用户标识模块)四、意译成全称后再缩略一些常用缩略语，由于使用频繁，广为人知，译语亦采用缩略形式，如WTO(世界贸易组织)世贸组织;NATO(北大西洋公约组织)北约;UNESCO(联合国教育科学文化组织)联合国教科文组织;IMF(国际货币基金组织);PNTR(永久性正常贸易关系)等。

五、附原文译对于读者可能不太了解的缩略语，为了方便读者查对原文，一般可以在译文之后注上原文。

例如：Figures provided by FICO Inc.show that 25.5 percent of consumers--nearly 43.4million people--now have a credit score of 599 or below，marking them as poor risks for lenders.译文：由美国个人消费信用评估公司(F1CO Inc.)提供的数据显示，25.5%的客户，接近4330万人，现在的信用积分等于或低于599，这使他们变成了放贷机构的亏空风险。

(FICO Inc=Fair Isaac and Company, Inc)六、形译有些缩略语，词首有表示物体几何形状的字母或单词，具有形象化的视觉效果。

商务英语缩略语的翻译

商务英语缩略语的翻译商务英语缩略语的翻译导语：随着世界经济的快速发展，市场竞争越来越激烈，商务人士都在想方设法提高效率。

传达商务信息的语言——商务英语，就具有了简约性的特色，突出的表现就是大量使用缩略词。

缩略词的特点是语言简练、使用方便、信息量大。

下面是小编为大家精心收集整理的商务英语缩略语的翻译，希望能帮助到大家!缩略词的表现形式很多，主要有四种：首字母缩写词(initial)、截短词(clipped word)、拼缀词(blending)和首字母拼音词(acronym)。

其中，首字母缩写词和截短词出现的频率最高，一般来，重要的国际组织、国际公约、国际协会等大多以首字母缩写词的形式出现，而一些计量单位等大多采用截短词。

商务英语的缩略词都经过了各国商人的长期使用，已经被人们广泛接受，其意义也十分明确，要准确地翻译缩略词，则一定要知道缩略词的全称，并且要理解其意义。

缩略语所指对象涉及多方面的社会文化知识，具有百科性词语的性质，内容比一般词语丰富得多，翻译成另一种语言的时候不是简单的字面对等就能使人理解的。

因此，翻译缩略语时是把缩略语所含的信息全部表达出来，还是仿照英语词语缩略形式译成汉语的缩略式，应视具体情况而定。

有些缩略语，尤其是首字母缩略语存在着一词多义现象，这当然是由于词的来源不同所造成。

翻译时就必须根据上下文来判断它的正确意思。

如：ETP=English Proficiency Test，这是国家教委为我国选派店铺生所举行的一种英语水平测试。

同样，EPT也可能是Early Pregnancy Test，即早孕检测。

缩略语除了一词多义现象外也有同义异形的现象，如激光雷达就分别是ladar 和lidar。

在商务翻译实践中，由于缩略语涉及面较宽，无论是笔译还是口译，都容易出现歧义问题。

这就要求译者翻译时不仅要关注缩略语的字面意思，更要结合言外语境，灵活处理。

商务英语翻译中，常见的缩略语我们能够在商务缩略语词典中查到，如果查不到的话，一般可以按照下面的方法对其进行翻译。

常见商务英语邮件中的缩略语

常见商务英语邮件中的缩略语approximately approx.接近et alia (and others)et al.以及其他人et cetera (and so forth)etc.等as soon as possible ASAP急件blind carbon copy Bcc密件抄送building bldg.大厦calendar year CY公历年carbon copy to Cc抄送cash on delivery c.o.d.货到付款company co.公司corporation corp.公司department dept.部门doing business as dba 职业或公司名称each ea.各end of month e.o.m月底fiscal year FY会计年度exempli gratiea (for example) e.g.例如for your information FYI通知government govt.政府incorporated inc.公司I owe you IOC我欠你limited Ltd.有限公司manufacturing mfg.制造公司merchandise mdse.商品month mo.月videlicet (namely)viz.亦即numero (number)no.号码post meridiem (post noon)p.m.下午postscript PS又及quarter qtr.季度very important person VIP重要人物现在的商务往来中，合作双方通常都使用电子邮件这种快速便捷的通讯方式。

在商务英语邮件德写作中，有以下几点注意事项供大家参考。

1. Email is much less formal than a written letter. Emails are usuallyshort and concise.2. If you are writing to someone you don’t know, a simple "Hello" isadequate. Using a salutation such as "Dear Mr Smith," is too formal.3. When writing to someone you know well, feel free to write as ifyou are speaking to the person.4. Use abbreviated verb forms (He’s, We’re, He’d, etc.)5. Include a telephone number to the signature of the email. This willgive the recipient the chance to telephone if necessary.6. It is not necessary to include your email address as the recipientcan just reply to the email.7. When replying eliminate all the information that is not necessary.Only leave the sections of text that are related to your reply. This willsave your reader time when reading your email.中文参考：1.电子邮件是一种相对不是特别正式的信件。

Chapter 3 商务英语缩略语与习惯用语翻译

音译和意译兼用
topology Mig
拓扑学米格飞机
意译成全称以后再缩略
WTO UNESCO NATO
世界贸易组织联合国教育科学文化组织北大西洋公约组织
附原文译
Teenagers in Japan are going wild over personal HPS. 日本青少年对个人轻便电话系统（HPS）着了迷。（HPS=handy phone system)
【译文】 I am very pleased to have received your letter.
知识拓展—增减译法
增减译法
（一）增词法
2．为了表达的清晰和自然而增词例：【原文】有工作经验者优先录取。
【译文】 The applicants with the working experience will receive preference over those who have not.
增减译法
I know it is a very tough job; if you can’t stand the heat, stay out of the kitchen.
我知道那是一个艰难的工作，如果你无法承受压力，你就该离职。
知识拓展—增减译法
增减译法
（二）减词法减词法也是英汉互译时常见的现象。与词的增补情况相反，原文中有些词语从译文的角度来看往往是多余的，可以或必须删去，决不能只字不漏地生搬硬套过来，不然会引起文理不通、意思含糊等弊病。
Chapter 3 商务翻译常用方法
音译意译音译和意译兼用意译成全称后再缩略附原文译直接引用
volt ampere joule sofa

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《实用商务英语翻译》》
4.外来语的缩略语
❖英语缩略语中，有借自拉丁语、希腊语、西班牙语、瑞典语、挪威语、法语、日语等语种的缩略语，国名、国际组织名称在不同的语言里可能有不同的缩略语。但在实际使用中其英语释义已经广为接受，如：EWG(欧共体)［德语］=EEC(英语)；FIL (Feira Internacionalde Lisboa里斯本国际博览会［葡萄牙语］)； A.D.(Anno Domini公元［拉丁语］)等。
1.首字母缩略语 2.裁减缩略语 3.拼缀缩略语 4.外来语的缩略语 5.代号缩略法 6.习惯缩略法 7.句子或短语缩略
❖ 二、英语商务缩略语的语法特点
1.缩略语的读音规则 2.缩略语的书写规则 3.缩略语的语法 4.商务缩略语的句法功能
《实用商务英语翻译》》
一、英语商务缩略语的构成特点
❖缩略语指的是按特殊的构词规则，将一个比较复杂的名称或陈说从结构上进行简化之后的语言表达形式。
❖国际商务活动是一种跨国活动。随着电报、电话和电传的发明，国际贸易得到了迅速的发展，远隔重洋的买卖双方用电话交谈、发送电文，均要求简明扼要，便于记忆和记录，节时省力。因此，商务语域里的人们创造了大量缩略语，这些缩略语的构成形式多样，情况繁杂，概括起来，商务英语缩略语的构成主要有以下几种：
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第三章商务英语缩略语与习惯用语的翻译
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Contents
❖第一节商务英语缩略语的构成特点与语法特点 ❖第二节商务英语缩略语的翻译 ❖第三节商务英语习惯用语的翻译 ❖第四节翻译技巧——增词法与减词法
《实用商务英语翻译》
第一节商务英语缩略语的构成特点与语法特点
❖ 一、英语商务缩略语的构成特点
《实用商务英语翻译》》
3.拼缀缩略语
❖缩合词，也叫拼缀词，就是将两个或两个以上的词，通过某种方法省略，合成为一个新词，其意义在于构成新词，例如：
telecast (television + broadcast电视广播)；advertistics (advertising + statistics广告统计学)；hi-fi (high + fidelity高保真)；newscast (news + broadcast新闻广播)； medicare(medical + care医疗保险）；dictaphone (dictate + phone录音机)。
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二、英语商务缩略语的语法特点
❖ 1.缩略语的读音规则 ❖ 2.缩略语的书写规则 ❖ 3.缩略语的语法 ❖ 4.商务缩略语的句法功能
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7.句子或短语缩略
❖还有少数缩略语是源于一个完整句子，表达一个完整意思，例如： ASAP（As soon as possible.尽早）；PAYE (Pay as you enter. 上车买票，上船买票)；PTO ( Please turn over.请看下页，请看背面)；也有个别的缩略语是根据句子的读音，借用字母缩略而成，如：CU (再见) 是根据句子“See you！”(/ si：ju./ )的读音，并借助于具有相同读音的字母缩略而成；同样OIC(一种眼镜商标) 则是句子“Oh, I see”.的缩略翻版。短语语缩略有：Eurasia (Europe + Asia 欧亚大陆)；NOPH（No Parking Here此处禁止停车）。
《实用商务英语翻译》》
2.裁减缩略语
❖ 通过截略原词的一部分来构成缩略语。裁减法与首字母缩略法不同，它并不创造新词，只是把原词缩短，删去一个或一个以上的音节，以新的读音，拼写形式出现。这种情况相当多见，是构成商贸缩略语最常用方法。如：
❖phone (telephone电话)；chute (parachute降落伞); expo(exposition博览会)； COMM (commission佣金)；INV (invoice发票)；ASAP (as soon as possible尽早)；CO (company 公司)；add.(address地址)；diam (diametre直径);Blvd ( boulevard大道)；agt (agent代理人)；amt (amount总额)； AIRD (air mailed航空邮寄)；FRT (freight货物)
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6.习惯缩略法
❖有些缩略形式是长期以来形成的外贸习惯及商业惯例，实际上并不一定表示缩略了什么。如：C/O(care of烦……转交)或(carried over［簿记用语］转入)；B/P (bill payable应付票据)；D/A (documents against acceptance承兑押单)；Xmas (Christmas圣诞节)；coke (coca-cola可口可乐)；oz/ OZ（ounce盎司）；No （number号)。
《实用商务英语翻译》》
5.代号缩略法
❖有些商务用语，看似缩略语，实际上是代号或标示，其内容同其缩略形式没有任何关联。如：C ( medium) 中号，中型；Z (Greenwich Mean Time格林威治标准时间)等。常见的符号如：& 表示“and (和)”；$ 表示“dollar美元”；÷表示“divided by 除以”，也属于缩略语的范畴。
1.首字母缩略语
❖这类缩略词多用大写字母，字母之间可用或不用缩写号。这是一种最常见的缩写法，常常用于组织名称、票据名称、作品名称、说明书和价格术语等专有名词的缩写，按字母读音。例如：BE或B.E. (Bill of Exchange汇票)；EU(European Union欧盟)；FOA （Free on Aircraft飞机上交货价）; BIZ (business业务，生意)； OZ (ounce盎司)；OFA (offer报价，提供)；BK(bank 银行)；FM (firm商行，公司，实盘) ；3G（third generation第三代);FAX (facsimile传真)等。