动物科学专业英语重点说课材料
动物说课稿模版英语
动物说课稿模版英语动物是自然界中的重要组成部分，它们以各种形态和特征丰富了我们的世界。
本课我们将探索动物的多样性，了解它们的生活习性以及与人类的关系。
课程目标1. 学习动物的基本分类和特征。
2. 掌握描述动物的常用英语词汇和句型。
3. 培养对动物的关爱和保护意识。
导入开始课程之前，我们先来看一段关于动物的短片，这将帮助我们更好地理解动物的多样性和它们在自然界中的作用。
新课呈现1. 动物分类- 哺乳动物（Mammals）：如大象、狮子等。
- 鸟类（Birds）：如鸽子、鹦鹉等。
- 爬行动物（Reptiles）：如蛇、龟等。
- 两栖动物（Amphibians）：如青蛙、蝾螈等。
- 鱼类（Fish）：如金鱼、鲨鱼等。
2. 动物特征- 描述体型：large, small, slender, bulky.- 描述颜色：red, green, striped, spotted.- 描述行为：hibernate, migrate, swim, fly.3. 常用句型- The elephant is the largest land mammal.- Parrots are known for their ability to mimic human speech.- Snakes have a unique way of moving, slithering on the ground.- Frogs undergo a transformation from tadpole to adult.- Sharks are apex predators in the ocean.互动练习1. 词汇匹配将下列动物与其相应的特征进行匹配。
- Lion: Roars loudly.- Butterfly: Flies with colorful wings.- Bear: Hibernation during winter.- Penguin: Swims in the Antarctic waters.2. 角色扮演学生分成小组，每组选择一种动物，准备一段介绍该动物的短剧，包括其生活习性、特征等。
动物科学专业英语部分专业名词复习资料
dominance 显性.（n）dominant .adj recessiveness 隐性.n chromosome染色体.n chromatin染色质epistasis 上位.（n）ep i static genes 上位基因allele等位基因domestic animals；livestoc k家畜qualitative traits 质量形状quantitative traits 数量形状hidden genes隐性基因testcross 测交variation变异reproduction techniques 繁殖技术ovulation 排卵Cross breeding杂交( interbreed ) avian鸟/禽类（.adj）aves （.n）genetic 遗传avian / poultry science禽类科学animal science 动物科学animalhusbandry畜牧业cranial / skull头盖骨cranium颅骨Arraycervical vertebra 颈椎pelvis骨盆urine尿feces 粪Plasma血浆the red blood cells红细胞（erythrocyteswhite blood cell白细胞四肢（前后肢体）pectoral appendage 胸肢（the pectoral limb 前肢the pelvic limb后肢）taxonomy分类学castrate（.v）阉割castrated（.adj）imprinting印记loin腰dorsal（.adj）背the hemoglobin molecules血红蛋白heart 心liver肝spleen脾stomach胃kidney肾lung肺large intestine大肠small intestine 小肠glucose葡萄糖vitamin 维生素starch 淀粉mineral substance矿物质（minerals）nutrition/nutrients营养respiratory system 呼吸系统digestive system 消化系统urinary systems泌尿系统reproductive system 生殖系统circulatory system循环系统atria（.pl）atrium（.n）心房ventricle 心室artery动脉vein静脉The trachea branch气管（trachea）bronchus支气管（.n）bronchi（.pl）the bronchioles branch细支气管herbivores 草食动物omnivores poultry杂食动物carnivores 肉食动物ruminate （.v）反刍ruminant（.n）Bolus食团ruminant animal反刍动物rumen 瘤胃uterus子宫ovaries（.pl）卵巢（ovary）capillary血管ovum卵子heritability遗传力Testis睾丸sperm精子fallopian tubes输卵管domesticate（.v）驯化domestic（.adj）domestication（.n）界门口纲目科属种（kingdom phyla classes orders families genera species）Parturition 分娩thyroid gland甲状腺adrenal glands 肾上腺Pituitary / hypophysis垂体hormone 激素Prolactin 催乳素growth hormone生长激素oxytocin催产素gametes 配子（.pl）zygote 合子（受精卵）Foodstuff饲料roughages粗饲料vertebrate脊椎动物species物种Mate / copulation交配behavior行为（reproductive behavior 生殖行为）Heat / estrus 发情cytoplasm细胞质Cell membrane 细胞膜cell nucleus 细胞核abdominal cavity 腹腔thoracic cavity胸腔bony骨骼axial skeleton中轴骨bony joint骨关节urethra尿道cortex皮质medulla髓质embryo胚胎fetus胎儿breed品种strains 品系beef cattle肉牛dairy cattle奶牛diaphragm 膈肌chromatid 染色单体haploid单倍体diploid二倍体meiosis减数分裂mitosis有丝分裂前中后末四个时期（prophase metaphase anaphase telophase）interphase间期Pancreas胰腺salivary glands唾液腺gall bladder胆囊estrus period 发情期target organ 靶器官amino acid氨基酸protein蛋白质ingestive / prehension采食（.n）ferment（.n，v）发酵fermentation （.n）fallopian tubes输卵管silage fodder青贮饲料full bloom盛花期cellulose 纤维素homoeothermic 恒温动物poultry 家禽enzymes酶（.pl）follicles毛囊distribution分布/分配hyaline cartilage透明软骨elastic cartilage弹性软骨skeletal system 骨骼系统digestive tract 消化道buffering agents 缓冲液clotting mechanism凝血hormone 激素urinary bladder膀胱female reproductive system 雌性生殖系统joint 关节litter-bearing 多产子的sheep goat羊castration 去势fertilization受精ruminants 反刍动物concentrated feeds 浓缩料fertile offspring 可育后代weaning time 断奶sliding joints 滑动关节eliminative排泄weaning time断奶sliding joints 滑动关节progeny后代inbreeding近交outbreeding 远交feed efficiency饲料利用率weaning weight断奶重milk production产奶量egg production 产蛋量postweaning growth rate断奶后增长速率capillary 毛细血管replacement gilts后备母猪hogs 肥育猪nephron肾单位alveoli 肺泡glottis声门epiglottis会咽nasal cavity鼻腔。
生物专业英语教学案 动物学基础
生物专业英语教学案动物学基础Introduction:In today's lesson, we will delve into the fundamentals of animal biology, specifically focusing on key topics related to the animal kingdom. We will explore various aspects of animal anatomy, including classification, structure, and function.I. Animal Classification:A. Definition of classificationClassification refers to the systematic arrangement of organisms into hierarchical groups based on their shared characteristics.B. Linnaean system of classification1. Developed by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century2. Organizes organisms into a hierarchical system with increasing specificity3. The classification levels include kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.C. Animal phyla1. Major phyla in the animal kingdom- Porifera (sponges)- Cnidaria (jellyfish, corals)- Platyhelminthes (flatworms)- Annelida (segmented worms)- Mollusca (snails, clams, octopuses)- Arthropoda (insects, crustaceans)- Chordata (vertebrates)II. Animal Anatomy:A. Body structure and form1. Basic body plans in animals- Symmetry: radial symmetry vs. bilateral symmetry- Coelom: a fluid-filled body cavity found in many animals- Segmentation: division of body into repeated segments2. Tissues and organs- Epithelial tissue: covers surfaces and lines internal cavities- Connective tissue: provides support and connects other tissues- Muscular tissue: enables movement- Nervous tissue: conducts electrical signals and coordinates body functions- Organ systems: integration of different organs for specific functionsB. Major organ systems in animals1. Digestive system: processes food for energy and nutrients2. Respiratory system: facilitates gas exchange3. Circulatory system: transports oxygen, nutrients, and wastes throughout the body4. Nervous system: coordinates information and responses5. Muscular system: enables movement6. Skeletal system: provides structural support and protection7. Reproductive system: facilitates reproductionIII. Animal Physiology:A. Homeostasis1. Definition of homeostasis- Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.2. Examples of homeostatic mechanisms in animals- Thermoregulation: maintaining a constant body temperature- Osmoregulation: regulating water and solute balance- pH regulation: maintaining proper acidity/alkalinity levelsB. Reproduction and development1. Types of reproduction in animals- Asexual reproduction: offspring produced from a single parent- Sexual reproduction: reproduction involving the fusion of gametes from two parents2. Developmental stages in animals- From fertilization to embryo formation- Embryonic development: formation of tissues and organs- Metamorphosis: transformation from larval to adult formConclusion:Today's lesson provided an overview of the essential concepts in animal biology. We explored the classification of animals, their anatomical structures and functions, as well as physiological mechanisms crucial for their survival and reproduction. By understanding these foundational aspects, we can further explore the fascinating world of animals and appreciate their diverse adaptations and behaviors.。
动物科学专业英语
动物科学专业英语English:The study of animal science involves the scientific understanding of the biology and behavior of domestic and wild animals. This field encompasses various aspects including genetics, nutrition, reproduction, animal health, and welfare. Animal scientists work to understand the physiological and anatomical makeup of different species, how they interact with their environment, and how to improve their overall well-being. Additionally, animal science also plays a crucial role in food production and farm management, ensuring the efficient and ethical care of livestock. With a focus on sustainability and ethical treatment, animal science professionals strive to develop innovative solutions to improve animal health and production while minimizing negative environmental impact.中文翻译:动物科学的研究涉及对家畜和野生动物生物学和行为的科学了解。
第一章 动物科学专业英语-绪论
第二节 动物科技英语的特点
第三节 学习动物科技英语的方法
第一节 学习动物科技英语的意义
英语是世界上最流行的语言
二十一世纪是知识经济与信息革命的时代
学好专业英语有助于学生及时了解学科动态发展前沿 现代社会需要的是复合性人才 有助于提高我们应聘时的竞争力
第二节 动物科技英语的特点
一、动物科技英语的教学现状
二、动物科技英语的教学目的
一、动物科技英语的教学现状
明朝永乐年间的四夷馆
清末同治元年京师同文馆
英语学习的现状：听、说、写能力较差 专业英语的学习不同于基础英语的学习 专业英语是基础英语在专业环境的具体应用
动物科技英语的教学目的
改变word by word 和sentence by sentence的方法
多用英语进行思考，多开口说
动笔写，特别是摘要的写作，同学们要根据一些范例仔细揣摩专业英语摘要的结 构、语法、组词与内容安排等特点，学会写作自己的专业文献英文摘要
是一门专业基础课，其设置的目的是使学生在强化基础英语的前提下，运用所掌 握的科技英语进行实践应用 能够阅读相关英语专业文献，并具有一定专业英语的写作能力 进一步加强专业英语的读、说能力
从大量信息中捕捉有用的信息或知识点
最短的时间浏览尽量多的信息
掌握常用的专业英语的语法结构
第三节 学习动物科技英语的方法
动物学软体动物课件英文讲述
7
Echinodermata
Uniramia
Vertebrata Other Chordata
Lophophores Chelicerata Crustacea
Hemichordata
Arthropoda Annelida
Other pseudocoelomates
9
Body Plan
Pericardial cavity Metanephridium
Gonad Radula
Mantle cavity Ctenidium
Stomach and digestive gland
Foot
10
Dorsal mantle covers the visceral mass.
adhesive byssal threads
– Each other – Other mussels – Man made objects
• Pipes, plumbing
28
Zebra Mussel
• Live in high densities • Feed on
phytoplankton • Reproduce rapidly
Pericardial cavity
Heart
Intestine
Excurrent Incurrent
Gonad
36
Oysters
37
Pearl formation
Shell
Developing pearl Epithelium
Irritant lodged between shell and mantle Layers of nacre secreted around foreign material
英语《Animals》说课稿
英语《Animals》说课稿一、教学内容本节课选自人教版《PEP英语》三年级上册Unit 3 Animals，Part A Let's learn & Let's do。
主要学习动物类单词：cat, dog, panda, tiger，以及描述动物特征的句子：I have two eyes. I havea tail.二、教学目标1. 能听懂、会说、会读动物类单词：cat, dog, panda, tiger；2. 能听懂、会说、会读描述动物特征的句子：I have two eyes.I have a tail.3. 能用英语简单描述自己喜欢的动物。
三、教学难点与重点重点：动物类单词的认读及句子的运用。
难点：panda, tiger的发音及句子中的have two eyes, have a tail的运用。
四、教具与学具准备教具：PPT，动物图片，头饰，贴纸。
学具：学生书，练习册。
五、教学过程1. 热身（5分钟）教师播放英语歌曲《Old MacDonald Had a Farm》，引导学生跟唱，激发学习兴趣。
2. 引入（10分钟）教师出示动物图片，引导学生用中文说出动物名称，如：猫、狗、熊猫、老虎。
然后询问学生喜欢哪种动物，为什么。
3. 呈现（10分钟）教师展示PPT，呈现本节课的生词和句子。
引导学生跟读，强调panda, tiger的发音及句子中的have two eyes, have a tail的运用。
4. 练习（10分钟）教师组织学生进行小组活动，用所学单词和句子进行交流，如：展示自己的动物图片，并用句子描述动物特征。
5. 巩固（10分钟）教师播放PPT，引导学生看图说话，用所学句子描述动物特征。
学生相互评价，教师给予鼓励。
6. 拓展（5分钟）教师引导学生思考：还有哪些动物没有学到？学生自由发言，教师给予鼓励。
教师引导学生回顾本节课所学内容，巩固动物类单词和句子。
动物科学专业英语课程内容
动物科学专业英语课程内容The Animal Science major delves into the intricacies of animal biology, behavior, and health. Students are introduced to the fundamentals of genetics, nutrition, and physiology, which are essential for understanding the complex lives of animals.In our English-taught courses, we emphasize the importance of clear communication in scientific research and professional settings. Students learn to articulate their findings and theories in a precise and accessible manner, which is crucial for effective collaboration and publication.Our curriculum includes a variety of laboratory sessions where students get hands-on experience with animal care and management. These practical skills are complemented by theoretical knowledge, ensuring a well-rounded education in animal science.As part of the program, students engage in field trips to farms, zoos, and research facilities to observe animal behavior in different environments. This exposure helps them to appreciate the real-world applications of their studies.Advanced courses focus on specialized topics such as animal reproduction, veterinary medicine, and conservation biology. These in-depth studies prepare students for careers in research, veterinary practice, or wildlife management.Throughout the program, students are encouraged to participate in internships and research projects. These experiences provide invaluable insights into the professional world and help students to build a strong foundation fortheir future careers.The course also incorporates ethical considerations in animal science, discussing the responsibilities andchallenges faced by professionals in the field. This ethical framework is vital for responsible practice and policy-making.Finally, the capstone project allows students to applytheir knowledge and skills to a significant research question or problem in animal science. This culminating experience isa testament to their growth and expertise in the field.。
Lecture 06_animals 动物学英文介绍
• “true” nucleus • membrane-bound organelles • Compartmentalized cytoplasm
Animal Characteristics
2. heterotrophic
“different feeding”
• use pre-formed organic materials as energy and carbon source
blood
Tissues can function together as organs to complete more complex tasks.
Example: digestion, absorption
epithelial connective nervous muscle
Villi: Projections of the small intestine
organ: small intestine
organ system: digestive system
Animal Characteristics
4. no cell walls
How do they support their bodies?
“Boneless chicken ranch”
Types of Structural Support
BIOL 111 – Organismal Biology
Next lecture: Sponges and Cnidarians
33
Animals – Sponges Lecture outline
1. Characteristics of animals 2. Position of animals on the tryla” (singular: phylum); • Only about 1.4 million species classified (likely millions exist); • Estimates suggest 3 or 10 million animal species; • 97% are invertebrates. • Note: imbalance in lecture distribution
动物科学专业英语重点
1.There are six basic classes of nutrients that must be considered in formulating diets:water、carbohydrates、protein、lipids、minerals、vitamins.2.Maintenance is the state in which there is neither gain nor loss of a nutrient by the body.3.Pigs are delivered in the “litter”,and chicks are hatched from the “egg”.4.After approximately 115 days of pregnancy,parturition is initiated.5.Regardless of the species ,most of digestion and absorption of nutrients take place in the small intestine.6.Apparent digestibility:表观消化率7.Proximate analysis:工业分析ctation:泌乳9.Digestive tract:消化道10.Stall:畜栏11.瘤胃：paunch12.母猪：hen13.饲养密度：stocking density14.肉鸡：broiler chicken15.饲料转化率：feed conversion rate16.动物福利：animal welfare17.The maintenance portion of the total energy need during growth increases with body size,but the additional need for the growth depends on the rate and the composition of the tissue being formed.生长期间的总能量需求的维持部分随着身体尺寸增加，但是对生长的额外需要取决于所形成的组织的速率和合成物。
幼儿园学英语动物篇专业资料
Xylophone
Drum
Mealtime
幼儿园里的午饭时间到了， 午饭可丰盛啦，都有什么呢？ 看看谁最聪明、答得最快！
water
Fish Bean
Carrot
Cheese Meat
史努比老师教画画
啦，同学们能正确的 把颜色和它们的名字 连在一起么？
1 今天大家学的开心么？
是不是认识了更多的动物、 2 乐器、食物和颜色呢？
b. 他们都叫什么呢？ 那是么不同 是学认们识有了没更有多记的住动它物们、的乐英器文、名食字物呢和？颜色呢？
是第不一是 节认课识是了音更乐多课的，动兔物子、老乐师器教、小食动物和们颜认色识呢乐？器，同学们能帮助小猫西西完成老师的要求吗？ M我u们si一c C起la和ss小动物们唱首歌吧！
c. 我们一起和小动物们唱 同我学们们 一认起识和下小面动这物几们种唱动首物歌吗吧？！
3 那么同学们有没有记住它们 的英文名字呢？
4
最后，老师给同学们观看一 个视频，加深同学们的印象。
谢谢观看
幼儿园学英语动物篇
Sing Song 智力PK Music Class Mealtime
Color
Sing Song
a. 同学们认识下面这几种 史努比老师教画画啦，同学们能正确的把颜色和它们的名字连在一起么？ 动物吗？ 我Mu们si一c C起la和ss小动物们唱首歌吧！
我史们努一 比起老和师小教动画物画们啦唱，首同歌学吧们！能正确的把颜色和它们的名字连在一起么？ M幼u儿si园c C里la的ss午饭时间到了，午饭可丰盛啦，都有什么呢？看看谁最聪明、答得最快！
M第u一si节c C课la是ss音乐课，兔子老师教小动物们认识乐器，同学们能帮助小猫西西完成老师的要求吗？
动科英语重点
1、Chemical formula.In dealing with the different vitamins, it is sometimes helpful to have information concerning their elemental composition and was quite limited. However, today, as file result of the diligent efforts of chemists, not only is the elemental composition of each vitamin known but also file structural formula of each vitamin molecule.化学公式处理不同的维生素时，有关于其化学组成的信息是非常有帮助但很有限的。
然而，今天，作为化学家努力勤奋的结果，不仅每种维生素的化学组成已经已知而且每种维生素的分子结构式也已经已知。
2、Body reservesAn animal tends to store reserves of certain vitamins in its body so that a daily intake is not required. This is more true for the fat soluble vitamins than for the water soluble vitamins. The large amount of water which passes through most animals daily tends to carry out and thereby deplete the water soluble vitamins of the body. Fat soluble vitamins, on the other hand, more inclined to remain in the body. This is especially true of vitamin A and carotene which may be stored by an animal in its liver and fatty tissue in sufficient quantities to meet its requirements for vitamin A for periods of up to 6 months or even longer.身体储备动物往往把一定量的维生素储存于身体内这样就无需每日摄入一定量的维生素。
动物类英语说课稿模板下载
动物类英语说课稿模板下载尊敬的各位老师，同学们：今天，我将与大家分享一堂关于动物的英语课。
在这堂课中，我们将学习如何用英语描述不同的动物，了解它们的特征和习性，并探讨它们在生态系统中的作用。
开场引入首先，让我们通过一个简单的问题来开始我们的课程：你们最喜欢的动物是什么？为什么？这个问题可以激发学生的兴趣，让他们积极参与到课堂讨论中。
词汇学习接下来，我们将学习一些基本的动物类词汇。
例如：elephant（大象）、tiger（老虎）、panda（熊猫）等。
通过图片和实物展示，帮助学生更好地记忆和理解这些词汇。
句型练习掌握了基本词汇后，我们将通过一些简单的句型来练习描述动物。
例如：- "The elephant is big and strong."- "Pandas are cute and they like to eat bamboo."语法点讲解在描述动物时，我们也会涉及到一些基本的语法点，如形容词的使用、比较级的构成等。
例如：- "The lion is stronger than the tiger."- "Elephants are the largest land animals."听力练习为了提高学生的听力理解能力，我们将播放一段关于动物的英文录音，并让学生回答相关问题。
这不仅能锻炼学生的听力，还能加深他们对动物特征的理解。
角色扮演在角色扮演环节，学生将被分成小组，每组选择一种动物，并用英语描述其生活习性、食物链位置等。
这有助于学生将所学知识运用到实际情境中。
课堂总结在课程的最后，我们将总结今天学到的词汇、句型和语法点，并鼓励学生在日常生活中多观察动物，用英语描述它们。
作业布置作为课后作业，学生需要选择一种他们感兴趣的动物，写一篇简短的英语作文，描述这种动物的特征和生活习性。
结束语希望今天的课程能够激发大家对动物的兴趣，并且能够提高大家的英语表达能力。
【推荐下载】兽医英语教案教学设计-word范文 (6页)
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==兽医英语教案教学设计教学目标1. 掌握且能运用有关询问某人身体状况的日常用语，能述说健康状况以及谈论病情和给出建议或要求的日常交际用语。
2. 掌握本单元的词汇和习惯用语，特别是短语make up one’s mind, as if, at least等的用法。
3. 进一步学习动词不定式，学习用it 来充当形式主语的用法，有时还用it 来充当形式宾语，而真正的主语或宾语后置句末。
如：I found it difficult to learn English well.4. 认真学习”The man who loved dogs”和”Cody saves the baby”，体会人与动物自然、友好相处的和谐。
本单元词汇、短语及习惯用语一、本单元所出现的词组和短语make up one’s mind 下决心regard…as … 把……当作……；当作as if 好像at sea 在大海上just as… 正象；恰与……相同mobile phone 可移动电话half an hour 半小时at all 根本；全然at least 至少；起码a doctor for animals 兽医wag its tail, or put its ears straight up 摇尾巴或把耳朵竖起来To help animals is helping people. 帮助动物就是帮助人类。
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事find something about him on the internet 在网上找到有关他的资料a pet dog named Don 一条被叫做Don的爱犬no matter 不管before long 不久work on 从事于……工作be on the safe side 万无一失to speak well of everyone 说别人好话to complain too often 报怨太多二、交际用语和句型交际用语表示肯定和不肯定 Expressing certainty and uncertaintyWe can find ….我们能找到……。
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动物科学专业英语重点1.There are six basic classes of nutrients that must be considered in formulating diets:water、carbohydrates、protein、lipids、minerals、vitamins.2.Maintenance is the state in which there is neither gain nor loss of a nutrient by the body.3.Pigs are delivered in the “litter”,and chicks are hatched from the “egg”.4.After approximately 115 days of pregnancy,parturition is initiated.5.Regardless of the species ,most of digestion and absorption of nutrients take place in the small intestine.6.Apparent digestibility:表观消化率7.Proximate analysis:工业分析ctation:泌乳9.Digestive tract:消化道10.Stall:畜栏11.瘤胃：paunch12.母猪：hen13.饲养密度：stocking density14.肉鸡：broiler chicken15.饲料转化率：feed conversion rate16.动物福利：animal welfare17.The maintenance portion of the total energy need during growth increases with body size,but the additional need for the growth depends on the rate and the composition of the tissue being formed.生长期间的总能量需求的维持部分随着身体尺寸增加，但是对生长的额外需要取决于所形成的组织的速率和合成物。
18.Pigs have an immature digestive system at birth,whereas chicks have a full complement of digestive enzymes at hatching-”Chicks”can utilize corn and soybean meal diets efficiently from day one,whereas baby pigs must depend on milk or milk-based diets! 猪在出生时有一个不成熟的消化系统，而雏鸡在孵化时有完整的消化酶补充 - “小鸡”可以从第一天有效地利用玉米和豆粕日粮，而小猪必须依赖于牛奶或牛奶基础的饮食！19.能量和蛋白质饲喂不足会导致公畜、母畜性成熟延迟。
Under feeding energy or protein can result in delayed sexual maturing in both the male and female.20.胃最重要的功能是储存食物，控制其内容物向十二指肠释放。
Stomach,its most important function is storage of food and controlled release of its contents into the duodenum.21.猪的需水量变异很大，取决于空气温度、湿度和采食量。
Variation in the water requirements of pigs varies greatly, depending on air temperature, humidity, and feed intake.22.Stall allow the sow to stand ,lie,eat and drink,but may not allow them to turn around .It allows the producer to feed and observe each sow individually to meet her needs and it protects her from other aggressive sows.畜栏容许母猪站立、躺、吃食和喝水，但不允许它们到处跑，允许生产人员饲养和观察每一个单独的母猪，发现的需要保护她不受其他母猪侵害。
23.During mitosis there are four typical stages in the division of the cell nucleus.In the order in which they occur ,they are:prophase,metaphase,anaphase and telophase. 24.A gene pair will determine the genotype of a productive trait,for example,a polled cow might carry the gene pair PP.A horned cow must carry the gene pair PP.Here, the gene pair PP and PP are called as.A homozygous gene pair.25.The estrous cycle is the cycle is conveniently divided into 4phases:Proestrus,Estrus,Metestrus,Diestrus,Fertilization,Gestation,Birth.26.Biotechnology is being applied to enhance genetic progress through these four factors:increase genetic variation,increase the accuracy of selection,reduce the generation interval and to increase the selection intensity.27.Genetic Inheritance is the proportion of the total variation (genetic and environmental) that is due to additive gene effects,Its estimate expresses the likelihood of a trait being passed on from parent to of spring.28.Codominance:共显性。
如果双亲的性状同时在F1个体上表现出来，这种显性表现称为共显性。
29.Sex-linked gene:伴性基因。
当基因位于决定性别的性染色体上的时候，它的遗传就与性别密切联系起来，这种与性别相联系的遗传现象叫做伴性遗传，决定伴性遗传的基因位于性染色体上，叫伴性基因。
30.Meiosis:减数分裂。
是生物细胞中染色体数目减半的分裂方式。
31.The best linear unbiased prediction(BLUP):最佳线性无偏预测.是一种能显著提高遗传进展，特别是对于中等程度和高遗传力遗传力性状和限性性状，系谱信息较健全，个体表型值较准确的性状，其效果更加明显的方法。
32.MOET:动物胚胎生物工程技术.现代动物胚胎工程的概念涵盖所有对动物配子和胚胎进行工程化操作的技术方法.33.MAS: 分子标记辅助选择.是随着现代分子生物学技术的迅速发展而产生的新技术，它可以从分子水平上快速准确地分析个体的遗传组成，从而实现对基因型的直接选择，进行分子育种。
34.IVF:体外受精联合胚胎移植技术.是指分别将卵子与精子取出后，置于试管内使其受精，再将胚胎前体---受精卵移植回母体子宫内发育成胎儿。
35.ET:胚胎移植。
是指将雌性动物的早期胚胎，或者通过体外受精及及其他方式得到的胚胎，移植到同种的、生理状态相同的其他雌性动物体内，使之继续发育为新个体的技术。
36.Spermatogenesis:精子发生。
动物精子在睾丸内形成的过程。
37.Epigenomics:表观基因组学.在基因组的水平上研究表观遗传修饰的领域.38.Selection index:选择性指数.指某一用来标量可行性或者适合度的量.39.Heterosis:杂种优势.指杂交子代在生长活力、育性和种子产量等方面都优于双亲均值的现象.40.The deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) molecule is shaped like a double helix.The sides of the molecule are composed of two strands of deoxyribose(a five-carbon sugar molecule).The deoxyribose molecules in the side strands are linked together by phosphoric acid.脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）分子的形状像双螺旋。
分子的两侧由脱氧核糖（5个碳糖分子）的两条链组成。
侧链中的脱氧核糖分子连接一起通过磷酸。
41.The side strands are linked together by nitrogen-containing bases.Two are purines.A nucleotide is a combination of one of the deoxyribose and the phosphate to the other.The phosphate is also attached to the next deoxyribose in the chain,forming a polynucleotide chain.Two of these polynucleotide chains twist into a coil,forming the double helix of the DNA molecule.侧链通过含氮碱基连接在一起。