应用化学专业英语及答案

黄冈师范学院

2009—2010学年度第一学期期末试卷考试课程：专业英语考核类型：考试A卷

考试形式：闭卷出卷教师：杨一思

考试专业：化学考试班级：应用化学200601 一、Translate the following into English（20 points）

1.过滤

2.浓缩

3.结晶化

4.吸附

5. 蒸馏6．超临界的

7.二氯甲烷

8.热力学平衡

9.亲电性

10.表面张力

11.共轭的

12.酮

13.平衡常数

14.丙基

15.丁基

16.亚甲基

18.环己酮

19.同位素

20.标准熵

二、Translate the following into Chinese（20 points）

1. methyl propanoate

2. rate constant

3. ethyl methyl ketone

4. free energy

5. radical intermediate

6. isobutyl methyl ether

7. 3-chloropropene

8. primary radical

9. n-propyl bromide

10. bond energy 11. circulating electrons

12. local magnetic fields

13. tetramethylsilane

14. mass to charge ratios

15 phenylamine

16 amide

17. amine

18. nucleophile

19. perchlorate

20. carbocation

三、Translation the following into chinese （40 points）

A卷【第1页共 3 页】

1. We can see why benzene is stable: according to resonance theory, the more resonance forms a substance has, the more stable it is. Benzene, with two resonance forms of equal energy, is therefore more stable and less reactive than a typical alkene.

2. Membranes can be defined essentially as barrier, which separates two phases and restricts transport of various chemicals in a selective manner. A membrane can be homogenous or heterogeneous, symmetric or asymmetric in structure, solid or liquid, can carry a positive or negative charge or be neutral or bipolar. Transport through a membrane can be effected by convection or by diffusion of individual molecules, induced by an electric field or concentration, pressure or temperature gradient. The membrane thickness may vary from as small as 100 micron to several mms.

3. The most common industrial adsorbents are activated carbon, silica gel, and alumina, because they present enormous surface areas per unit weight.

A surface already heavily contaminated by adsorbates is not likely to have much capacity for additional binding, but further heating will drive off these compounds to produce a surface with high adsorptive capacity.

Temperature effects on adsorption are profound, and measurements are usually at a constant temperature. Graphs of the data are called isotherms. Most steps using adsorbents have little variation in temperature.

A卷【第2页共 3 页】

4. In the absence of peroxides, hydrogen bromide adds to peopene via the Markovnikov pathway to yield isopropyl bromide. In the presence of peroxides, however, the order of addition is reversed, and the product is n-propyl bromide; the addition in this case is said to be anti-Markovnikov. This is interpreted in terms of initiation of the addition reaction by bromine atom, rather than by a proton, as is the case for electrophilic addition.

四、Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese（20 points）1．Benzene and its derivatives can be nitrated using a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulphuric acid. The temperature must be controlled to prevent more than one nitro-group going in.

2. Benzene can be made to react with halogen derivatives using aluminium chloride as a catalyst. This is called a Friedel-Crafts reaction.

can be sulphonated by reacting it with fuming sulphuric acid(oleum). The benzene reacts with sulphur trioxide in the oleum.

benzene is converted into ethylbenzene by reacting it with ethene. The ethylbenzene (also called styrene) is used to make polystyrene.