食品营养与安全论文翻译
转基因食物利弊英语作文带翻译
转基因食物利弊英语作文带翻译Genetically modified (GM) foods have been a topic of heated debate for years. While some argue that they offer numerous benefits, others contend that they pose significant risks to health and the environment. This essay will explore both the advantages and disadvantages of GM foods.Pros of Genetically Modified Foods:1. Increased Crop Yields: GM crops are often engineered to be more resistant to pests and diseases, which can lead to higher yields. This is particularly beneficial in areas where crop failure is a common occurrence due to pests or harsh weather conditions.2. Enhanced Nutritional Value: Some GM foods are designed to have higher nutritional content. For example, the development of "Golden Rice" is aimed at providing vitamin A to populations where deficiency is common.3. Reduced Reliance on Chemical Pesticides: By making crops resistant to pests, the need for chemical pesticides is reduced, which can have positive effects on the environment and human health.4. Economic Benefits: Farmers can save money by using GM seeds that require fewer inputs, such as pesticides, and that can produce more food per acre.Cons of Genetically Modified Foods:1. Potential Health Risks: There are concerns that GM foods may cause allergic reactions or other health problems, although scientific consensus has not yet fully established these risks.2. Environmental Impact: Critics argue that GM crops can crossbreed with wild plants, leading to the spread ofmodified genes in the wild, which could have unforeseen ecological consequences.3. Monoculture and Loss of Biodiversity: The widespread adoption of GM crops can lead to a reduction in agricultural biodiversity, as farmers may choose to grow only a few GM varieties.4. Corporate Control: Many GM seeds are patented by large corporations, which can lead to increased costs for farmers and a dependency on these companies for seeds.In conclusion, while GM foods offer the potential for increased food security and enhanced nutrition, there arevalid concerns regarding their safety and environmental impact. It is crucial for ongoing research and transparent labeling to ensure that the benefits of GM foods can be realized without compromising human health or the environment.翻译：转基因（GM）食品多年来一直是激烈争论的话题。
各专业英文翻译
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营养与食品卫生学
• 营养分子生物学研究的开展 从分子水平利 用营养素来预防和治疗疾病，成为21世纪营 用营养素来预防和治疗疾病，成为 世纪营 养学的又一研究热点。 养学的又一研究热点。 • 营养流行病学 Nutritional Epidemiology
（五）目前存在的营养问题 1、营养缺乏与营养过剩共存， 、营养缺乏与营养过剩共存， 2、人们需要的是具体的营养指导，且极具有 、人们需要的是具体的营养指导， 个体化。 个体化。 3、只有部分患有与营养密切相关的疾病的患 、 者真正体会到了营养的重要性外， 者真正体会到了营养的重要性外，大部分人 对营养的认识尚不全面，吃饱、 对营养的认识尚不全面，吃饱、吃精仍是他 们的目标。 们的目标。
[国外 国外] 国外 1、古代 、 公元前400年 Hippocrate创立营养学 公元前 年 创立营养学
2、近代 、 （1）启蒙期 ） KW Scheel, J Priestly 氮 、氢 、二氧化碳 Romonsov 物质守恒 Mendeleer 元素周期律 Lavoisier 呼吸是氧化燃烧 （2）鼎盛时期 ） Liebig 碳、氢、氮的定量 将不同食物对动物的功能进行了分类 Voit, Atwater人和动物体内的气体交换和代谢 人和动物体内的气体交换和代谢 氮平衡 Rubner 三大营养素生热系数 Lusk 基础代谢和食物热效应 The Science of Nutrition
（六）营养学的任务 •基础研究 各种营养素的功能、食物营养 基础研究--各种营养素的功能 基础研究 各种营养素的功能、 成分分析 •营养与健康 特殊人群的营养要求 （ 生理 、 营养与健康--特殊人群的营养要求 营养与健康 特殊人群的营养要求（生理、 病理、易感人群） 病理、易感人群） •营养促进 管理 、 立法 、 教育 、 食物结构 、 营养促进--管理 营养促进 管理、立法、教育、食物结构、 食物资源
大学各专业名称英文翻译(一)——工学_ENGINEERING
大学各专业名称英文翻译（一）——工学ENGINEERING课程中文名称课程英文名称高等数理方法Advanced Mathematical Method弹塑性力学Elastic-Plastic Mechanics板壳理论Theory of Plate and Shell高等工程力学Advanced Engineering Mechanics板壳非线性力学Nonlinear Mechanics of Plate and Shell复合材料结构力学Structural Mechanics of Composite Material弹性元件的理论及设计Theory and Design of Elastic Element非线性振动Nonlinear Vibration高等土力学Advanced Soil Mechanics分析力学Analytic Mechanics随机振动Random Vibration数值分析Numerical Analysis基础工程计算与分析Calculation and Analysis of Founda tion Engineering结构动力学Structural Dynamics实验力学Laboratory Mechanics损伤与断裂Damage and Fracture小波分析Wavelet Analysis有限元与边界元分析方法Analytical Method of Finite Element and Boundary Element最优化设计方法Optimal Design Method弹性力学Elastic Mechanics高层建筑基础Tall Building Foundation动力学Dynanics土的本构关系Soil Constitutive Relation数学建模Mathematical Modeling现代通信理论与技术Emerging Communications Theory and Technology数字信号处理Digital Signal Processing网络理论与多媒体技术Multi-media and Network Technology医用电子学Electronics for Medicine计算微电子学Computational Microelectronics集成电路材料和系统电子学Material and System Electronics for In tegrated Circuits网络集成与大型数据库Computer Network Integrating Technology and Large scale Database 现代数字系统Modern Digital System微机应用系统设计Microcomputer Application Design计算机网络新技术Modern Computer Network Technologies网络信息系统Network Information System图像传输与处理Image Transmission and Processing图像编码理论Theory of Image Coding遥感技术Remote Sensing Techniques虚拟仪器系统设计Design of Virtual Instrument System生物医学信号处理技术Signal Processing for Biology and Medicine光纤光学Fiber OpticsVLSI的EDA技术EDA Techniques for VLSI电子系统的ASIC技术ASIC Design TechnologiesVLSI技术与检测方法VLSI Techniques & Its Examination专题阅读或专题研究The Special Subject Study信息论Information Theory半导体物理学Semiconductor Physics通信原理Principle of Communication现代数理逻辑Modern Mathematical Logic算法分析与设计Analysis and Design of Algorithms高级计算机网络Advanced Computer Networks高级软件工程Advanced Software Engineering数字图像处理Digital Image Processing知识工程原理Principles of Knowledge Engineering面向对象程序设计Object-Oriented Programming形式语言与自动机Formal Languages and Automata人工智能程序设计Artificial Intelligence Programming软件质量与测试Software Quality and Testing大型数据库原理与高级开发技术Principles of Large-Scale Data-Bas e and Advanced Development Technology自然智能与人工智能Natural Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence Unix操作系统分析Analysis of Unix System计算机图形学Computer GraphicsInternet与Intranet技术Internet and Intranet Technology多媒体技术Multimedia Technology数据仓库技术与联机分析处理Data Warehouse and OLAP程序设计方法学Methodology of Programming计算机信息保密与安全Secrecy and Security of Computer Information电子商务Electronic Commerce分布式系统与分布式处理Distributed Systems and Distributed Processing并行处理与并行程序设计Parallel Processing and Parallel Programming模糊信息处理技术Fuzzy Information Processing Technology人工神经网络及应用Artificial Intelligence and Its Applications Unix编程环境Unix Programming Environment计算机视觉Computer Vision高级管理信息系统Advanced Management Information Systems信息系统综合集成理论及方法Theory and Methodology of Information n System Integration计算机科学研究新进展Advances in Computer Science离散数学Discrete Mathematics操作系统Operating System数据库原理Principles of Database编译原理Principles of Compiler程序设计语言Programming Language数据结构Data Structure计算机科学中的逻辑学Logic in Computer Science面向对象系统分析与设计Object-Oriented System Analysis and Design高等数值分析Advanced Numeric Analysis人工智能技术Artificial Intelligence Technology软计算理论及应用Theory and Application of Soft-Computing逻辑程序设计与专家系统Logic Programming and Expert Systems模式识别Pattern Recognition软件测试技术Software Testing Technology高级计算机网络与集成技术Advanced Computer Networks and Integration Technology 语音信号处理Speech Signal Processing系统分析与软件工具System Analysis and Software Tools计算机仿真Computer Simulation计算机控制Computer Control图像通信技术Image Communication Technology人工神经网络及应用Artificial Intelligence and Its Applications计算机技术研究新进展Advances in Computer Technology环境生物学Environmental Biology水环境生态学模型Models of Water Quality环境化学Environmental Chemistry环境生物技术Environmental Biotechnology水域生态学Aquatic Ecology环境工程Environmental Engineering环境科学研究方法Study Methodology of Environmental Science藻类生理生态学Ecological Physiology in Algae水生动物生理生态学Physiological Ecology of Aquatic Animal专业文献综述Review on Special Information废水处理与回用Sewage Disposal and Re-use生物医学材料学及实验Biomaterials and Experiments现代测试分析Modern Testing Technology and Methods生物材料结构与性能Structures and Properties of Biomaterials计算机基础Computer Basis医学信息学Medical Informatics计算机汇编语言Computer Assembly Language学科前沿讲座Lectures on Frontiers of the Discipline组织工程学Tissue Engineering生物医学工程概论Introduction to Biomedical Engineering高等生物化学Advanced Biochemistry光学与统计物理Optics and Statistical Physics图像分析Image Treatment数据处理分析与建模Data Analysis and Constituting Model高级数据库Advanced Database计算机网络Computer Network多媒体技术Technology of Multimedia软件工程Software Engineering药物化学Pharmaceutical Chemistry功能高分子Functional Polymer InternetIntranet程序设计方法学Methods of Programming InternetIntranet高分子化学与物理Polymeric Chemistry and Physics医学电子学Medical Electronics现代仪器分析Modern Instrumental Analysis仪器分析实验Instrumental Analysis Experiment食品添加剂Food Additives Technology高级食品化学Advanced Food Chemistry食品酶学Food Enzymology现代科学前沿选论Literature on Advances of Modern Science波谱学Spectroscopy波谱学实验Spectroscopic Experiment食品贮运与包装Food Packaging液晶化学Liquid Crystal Chemistry高等有机化学Advanced organic Chemistry功能性食品Function Foods食品营养与卫生学Food Nutrition and Hygiene食品生物技术Food Biotechnology食品研究与开发Food Research and Development有机合成化学Synthetic organic Chemistry食品分离技术Food Separation Technique精细化工装备Refinery Chemical Equipment食品包装原理Principle of Food Packaging表面活性剂化学及应用Chemistry and Application of Surfactant天然产物研究与开发Research and Development of Natural Products 食品工艺学Food Technology生物化学Biochemistry食品分析Food Analysis食品机械与设备Food Machinery and Equipment。
食品专业英语课文及material翻译
Lesson 4WHO WHO has has been been actively actively actively participating participating participating in in the the development development development of of principles principles and and recommendation for the safety assessment of GM foods derived from genetically genetically modified modified modified organisms organisms organisms (GMO). (GMO). (GMO). 世界卫生组织现已积极的参与到对转世界卫生组织现已积极的参与到对转基因食品的安全评估的原则和建议的发展中。
The result developed in the course of various expert consultations from the basis for guidelines on national levels and are presently being incorporated into internationally recognized standards. 这个结果在各种专家磋商会议中得以发展并形成了国家水平指导方针的基础，目前正编入国际公认的标准中。
认的标准中。
The next generation of genetically modified foods will be crops with improved nutritional value, thus crossing the borderline to to ““functional foods foods”” and and ““nutraceuticals nutraceuticals””. . 下一代转基因食品将是营养价值得到提高的下一代转基因食品将是营养价值得到提高的作物，因此它跨越了功能食品和营养食品的界限Evaluations will increasingly have to consider the impact of a GM food on the overall nutritional status taking into account the different needs in developed and developing countries . 考虑到发展国家和发展中国家的不同需求，评估将越加考虑转基因食品在总营养状况方面的影响。
食品专业英语翻译
LESSON 1营养我们吃什么，以及我们如何确定我们吃营养状况的一个重要程度，并有外部和内部多种因素的影响。
谁的人要罚款的问题的答案：“我应该吃什么良好的营养？”很容易成为迷失在信息走廊迷宫，困惑由科学家提供的技术资料，由财富或提供简单的答案误导与产品销售[1]。
某处之间是合理的，常识性的信息，我们可以用它来指导我们的声音营养知识的追求。
首先，我们需要学习一些常用术语的定义和营养找出各种各样的指引，可帮助我们衡量我们的饮食质量和健康的饮食模式发展。
营养与食品：定义这个词往往是成对营养与食品一词，因为两者是相辅相成的。
它们是相互依存的，但不能互换。
食品可能被定义为任何提供营养物质，食用时饮用。
它是由许多天然成分的所有化学品的气味，如提供不同的功能了，味道，颜色和营养。
给我们的营养成分，被称为营养素。
这些营养素归类为脂肪，蛋白质，碳水化合物（糖和淀粉），矿物质，维生素和水。
他们被称为必需的营养素，因为我们不能让他们一直没有。
我们需要为他们的能量，为建立和维持人体组织，以及用于调节身体机能的三个食品在体内基本职能。
营养可能被定义为过程，我们得到了必要的营养，并利用它们让我们的身体许多其他物质需要，这个过程将包括饮食和消化食物，吸收和利用，或代谢，它含有的养分。
我们可以从食物中获得所有必需的营养。
但是，它可能获得不进食，消化食物，如果，例如，直接注入营养素如静脉营养静脉营养对我们的。
因此，它是所必需的营养素和食物，通常为他们提供[3]。
由于粮食是重要的，我们需要知道食物的，哪些是对各种营养素的最佳来源，成为一个健康的饮食营养如何结合他们的内容。
良好的营养一词意味着，我们从我们的食物都需要保持在我们的身体运作，并保持最佳的健康必需营养素的数额获得。
一个良好的营养非常简化的定义可能是“在正确的饮食量适当的食物。
”该工作涉及的营养科学家在人体中发现，每一个我们需要一笔发生的事情，当我们收到过多或过少，对粮食和死亡，我们应该吃什么食物和数额会有多大。
各专业英文翻译
法学 Law Study英语 English日语 Japanese信息与计算科学 Information and Computation Science应用物理学 Applied Physics冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering金属材料工程 Metallic Materials Engineering无机非金属材料 Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials材料成型及控制工程 Material Formation and controlEngineering高分子材料与工程 Multimolecular Materials and Engineering工业设计 Industrial Disign建筑学 Architecture城市规划 City Planning艺术设计 Artistical Disign包装工程 Packaging Engineering机械设计制造及自动化Machine Disign,Manufacturing,and Automation热能与动力工程 Thermal and Power Engineering水利水电工程 WaterConservance and Electro-power Engineering测控技术与仪器 Technique and Instrumentation of Measurements电气工程及其自动化 Electric Engineering and its Automation自动化 Automation通信工程 Communication Engineering电子信息科学与技术 Sience and Technology of Electronic Information 计算机科学与技术 Computer Sience and Technology土木工程 Civil Engineering工程管理 Project Management给水排水工程 Water Supply and Sewage Engineering建筑环境与设备工程 Constructional Environment and Equipment Engineering 过程装备与控制工程 Processing Units and Control Engineering环境工程 Environmental Engineering化学工程与工艺 Chemacal Engineering and Technology安全工程 Safty Engineering工商管理 Industrial and Commercial Management市场营销 Market Management and Sales会计学 Accounting旅游管理 Tourism Management信息管理与信息系统 Information Management and System金融学 Finance国际经济与贸易 International Economy and Trade食品科学与工程 Food Sience and Engineering生物工程 Biological Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering建筑环境与设备工程、Constructional Environment and Equipment Engineering 过程装备与控制工程、Processing Units and Control Engineering现代家政学、 Modern Domestic Science运动训练科学系、 Sports Train Science食品营养与检测、 Food Nutrition and Detect国际新闻、 International News体育健康教育系 Sports Health Education哲学 Philosophy马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies逻辑学 Logic伦理学 Ethics美学 Aesthetics宗教学 Science of Religion科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学 Economics理论经济学 Theoretical Economics政治经济学 Political Economy经济思想史 History of Economic Thought经济史 History of Economic西方经济学 Western Economics世界经济 World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学 Applied Economics国民经济学 National Economics区域经济学 Regional Economics财政学（含税收学） Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学） Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学 Industrial Economics国际贸易学 International Trade劳动经济学 Labor Economics统计学 Statistics数量经济学 Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学 National Defense Economics法学 Law法学 Science of Law法学理论 Jurisprudence法律史 Legal History宪法学与行政法学 Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学 Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学 Science of Procedure Laws经济法学 Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学 Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学 Science of Military Law政治学 Political Science政治学理论 Political Theory中外政治制度 Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动 Scientific Socialism and InternationalCommunist Movement中*史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building) 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育 Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学 International Politics国际关系学 International Relations外交学 Diplomacy社会学 Sociology社会学 Sociology人口学 Demography人类学 Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学 Ethnology民族学 Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy 中国少数民族经济 Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史 Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术 Chinese Ethnic Art教育学 Education教育学 Education Science教育学原理 Educational Principle课程与教学论 Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史 History of Education比较教育学 Comparative Education学前教育学 Pre-school Education高等教育学 Higher Education成人教育学 Adult Education职业技术教育学 Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学 Special Education教育技术学 Education Technology心理学 Psychology基础心理学 Basic Psychology发展与心理学 Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学 Applied Psychology体育学 Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学 Humane and Sociological Science of Sports 运动人体科学 Human Movement Science体育教育训练学 Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学 Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学 Literature中国语言文学 Chinese Literature文艺学 Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学 Chinese Philology中国古典文献学 Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学 Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学 Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature 中国少数民族语言文学 Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature比较文学与世界文学 Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学 Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学 English Language and Literature俄语语言文学 Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学 French Language and Literature德语语言文学 German Language and Literature日语语言文学 Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学 Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学 Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学 Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学 European Language and Literature亚非语言文学 Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages新闻传播学 Journalism and Communication新闻学 Journalism传播学 Communication艺术学 Art艺术学 Art Theory音乐学 Music美术学 Fine Arts设计艺术学 Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学 Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学 Film广播电视艺术学 Radio and television Art舞蹈学 Dance历史学 History历史学 History史学理论及史学史 Historical Theories and History of Historical Science考古学及博物馆学 Archaeology and Museology历史地理学 Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (includingPaleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史 History of Particular Subjects中国古代史 Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史 Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史 World History理学 Natural Science数学 Mathematics基础数学 Fundamental Mathematics计算数学 Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计 Probability and Mathematical Statistics 应用数学 Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论 Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学 Physics理论物理 Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理 Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理 Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理 Plasma Physics凝聚态物理 Condensed Matter Physics声学 Acoustics光学 Optics无线电物理 Radio Physics化学 Chemistry无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理） Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics)高分子化学与物理 Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学 Astronomy天体物理 Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学 Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学 Geography自然地理学 Physical Geography人文地理学 Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统 Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学 Atmospheric Sciences气象学 Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境 Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment海洋科学 Marine Sciences物理海洋学 Physical Oceanography海洋化学 Marine Chemistry海洋生理学 Marine Biology海洋地质学 Marine Geology地球物理学 Geophysics固体地球物理学 Solid Earth Physics空间物理学 Space Physics地质学 Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology地球化学 Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学） Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学 Structural Geology第四纪地质学 Quaternary Geology生物学 Biology植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology生理学 Physiology水生生物学 Hydrobiology微生物学 Microbiology神经生物学 Neurobiology遗传学 Genetics发育生物学 Developmental Biology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology系统科学 Systems Science系统理论 Systems Theory系统分析与集成 Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史 History of Science and Technology工学 Engineering力学 Mechanics一般力学与力学基础 General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学 Solid Mechanics流体力学 Fluid Mechanics工程力学 Engineering Mechanics机械工程 Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化 Mechanical Manufacture and Automation 机械电子工程 Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论 Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程 Vehicle Engineering光学工程 Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术 Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械 Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器 Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments材料科学与工程 Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学 Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学 Materialogy材料加工工程 Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学 Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金 Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金 Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理 Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics工程热物理 Engineering Thermophysics热能工程 Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程 Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程 Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程 Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械 Chemical Process Equipment电气工程 Electrical Engineering电机与电器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化 Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation Technology 电力电子与电力传动 Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术 Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术 Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学 Physical Electronics电路与系统 Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学 Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术 Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程 Information and Communication Engineering 通信与信息系统 Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理 Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程 Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程 Control Theory and Control Engineering检测技术与自动化装置 Detection Technology and Automatic Equipment系统工程 Systems Engineering模式识别与智能系统 Pattern Recognition and Intelligent Systems导航、制导与控制 Navigation, Guidance and Control计算机科学与技术 Computer Science and Technology计算机软件与理论 Computer Software and Theory计算机系统结构 Computer Systems Organization计算机应用技术 Computer Applied Technology建筑学 Architecture建筑历史与理论 Architectural History and Theory建筑设计及其理论 Architectural Design and Theory城市规划与设计（含风景园林规划与设计） Urban Planning and Design (including Landscape Planning and Design)建筑技术科学 Building Technology Science土木工程 Civil Engineering岩土工程 Geotechnical Engineering结构工程 Structural Engineering市政工程 Municipal Engineering供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程 Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Engineering防灾减灾工程及防护工程 Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering and Protective Engineering桥梁与隧道工程 Bridge and Tunnel Engineering水利工程 Hydraulic Engineering水文学及水资源 Hydrology and Water Resources水力学及河流动力学 Hydraulics and River Dynamics水工结构工程 Hydraulic Structure Engineering水利水电工程 Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering港口、海岸及近海工程 Harbor, Coastal and Offshore Engineering 测绘科学与技术 Surveying and Mapping大地测量学与测量工程 Geodesy and Survey Engineering摄影测量与遥感 Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing地图制图学与地理信息工程 Cartography and Geographic Information Engineering化学工程与技术 Chemical Engineering and Technology化学工程 Chemical Engineering化学工艺 Chemical Technology生物化工 Biochemical Engineering应用化学 Applied Chemistry工业催化 Industrial Catalysis地质资源与地质工程 Geological Resources and Geological Engineering矿产普查与勘探 Mineral Resource Prospecting and Exploration 地球探测与信息技术 Geodetection and Information Technology 地质工程 Geological Engineering矿业工程 Mineral Engineering采矿工程 Mining Engineering矿物加工工程 Mineral Processing Engineering安全技术及工程 Safety Technology and Engineering石油与天然气工程 Oil and Natural Gas Engineering油气井工程 Oil-Gas Well Engineering油气田开发工程 Oil-Gas Field Development Engineering油气储运工程 Oil-Gas Storage and Transportation Engineering 纺织科学与工程 Textile Science and Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering纺织材料与纺织品设计 Textile Material and Textiles Design纺织化学与染整工程 Textile Chemistry and Dyeing and Finishing Engineering服装设计与工程 Clothing Design and Engineering轻工技术与工程 The Light Industry Technology and Engineering 制浆造纸工程 Pulp and Paper Engineering制糖工程 Sugar Engineering发酵工程 Fermentation Engineering皮革化学与工程 Leather Chemistry and Engineering交通运输工程 Communication and Transportation Engineering道路与铁道工程 Highway and Railway Engineering交通信息工程及控制 Traffic Information Engineering & Control 交通运输规划与管理 Transportation Planning and Management载运工具运用工程 Vehicle Operation Engineering船舶与海洋工程 Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering船舶与海洋结构物设计制造 Design and Construction of Naval Architecture and Ocean Structure轮机工程 Marine Engine Engineering水声工程 Underwater Acoustics Engineering航空宇航科学与技术 Aeronautical and Astronautical Science and Technology飞行器设计 Flight Vehicle Design航空宇航推进理论与工程 Aerospace Propulsion Theory and Engineering航空宇航器制造工程 Manufacturing Engineering of Aerospace Vehicle人机与环境工程 Man-Machine and Environmental Engineering兵器科学与技术 Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程 Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering 兵器发射理论与技术 Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程 Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术 Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术 Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程 Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料 Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用 Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护 Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程 Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程 Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程 Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程 Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化 Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程 Forestry Engineering森林工程 Forest Engineering木材科学与技术 Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程 Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程 Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学 Environmental Science环境工程 Environmental Engineering生物医学工程 Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程 Food Science and Engineering食品科学 Food Science粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程 Cereals, Oils and Vegetable Protein Engineering农产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Agriculture Products水产品加工及贮藏工程 Processing and Storage of Aquatic Products农学 Agriculture作物学 Crop Science作物栽培学与耕作学 Crop Cultivation and Farming System作物遗传育种学 Crop Genetics and Breeding园艺学 Horticulture果树学 Pomology蔬菜学 Olericulture茶学 Tea Science农业资源利用学 Utilization Science of Agricultural Resources 土壤学 Soil Science植物营养学 Plant Nutrition植物保护学 Plant Protection植物病理学 Plant Pathology农业昆虫与害虫防治 Agricultural Entomology and Pest Control 农药学 Pesticide Science畜牧学 Animal Science动物遗传育种与繁殖 Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Science动物营养与饲料科学 Animal Nutrition and Feed Science草业科学 Practaculture Science特种经济动物饲养学（含蚕、蜂等） The Rearing of Special-type EconomicAnimals (including Silkworm, Honeybees, etc.)兽医学 Veterinary Medicine基础兽医学 Basic Veterinary Medicine预防兽医学 Preventive Veterinary Medicine临床兽医学 Clinical Veterinary Medicine林学 Forestry林木遗传育种学 Forest Tree Genetics and Breeding森林培育学 Silviculture森林保护学 Forest Protection森林经理学 Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用 Wildlife Conservation and Utilization 园林植物与观赏园艺 Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治 Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating水产学 Fisheries Science水产养殖学 Aquaculture Science捕捞学 Fishing Science渔业资源学 Science of Fisheries Resources医学 Medicine基础医学 Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学 Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology 免疫学 Immunology病原生物学 Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学 Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学 Forensic Medicine放射医学 Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学 Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学 Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学） Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学 Pediatrics老年医学 Geriatrics神经病学 Neurology精神病与精神卫生学 Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学 Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学 Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学 Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics护理学 Nursing外科学（含普通外科学、骨外科学、泌尿外科学、胸心血管外科学、神经外科学、整形外科学、烧伤外科学、野战外科学） Surgery (General Surgery, Orthopedics, Urology, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neurosurgery, Plastic Surgery, Burn Surgery, Field Surgery)妇产科学 Obstetrics and Gynecology眼科学 Ophthalmic Specialty耳鼻咽喉科学 Otolaryngology肿瘤学 Oncology康复医学与理疗学 Rehabilitation Medicine & Physical Therapy 运动医学 Sports Medicine麻醉学 Anesthesiology急诊医学 Emergency Medicine口腔医学 Stomatology口腔基础医学 Basic Science of Stomatology口腔临床医学 Clinical Science of Stomatology公共卫生与预防医学 Public Health and Preventive Medicine 流行病与卫生统计学 Epidemiology and Health Statistics劳动卫生与环境卫生学 Occupational and Environmental Health 营养与食品卫生学 Nutrition and Food Hygiene儿少卫生与妇幼保健学 Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health 卫生毒理学 Hygiene Toxicology军事预防医学 Military Preventive Medicine中医学 Chinese Medicine中医基础理论 Basic Theories of Chinese Medicine中医临床基础 Clinical Foundation of Chinese Medicine中医医史文献 History and Literature of Chinese Medicine方剂学 Formulas of Chinese Medicine中医诊断学 Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine中医内科学 Chinese Internal Medicine中医外科学 Surgery of Chinese Medicine中医骨伤科学 Orthopedics of Chinese Medicine中医妇科学 Gynecology of Chinese Medicine中医儿科学 Pediatrics of Chinese Medicine中医五官科学 Ophthalmology and Otolaryngoloy of Chinese Medicine针灸推拿学 Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Tuina of Chinese medicine民族医学 Ethnomedicine中西医结合医学 Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine中西医结合基础医学 Basic Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative中西医结合临床医学 Clinical Discipline of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine药学 Pharmaceutical Science药物化学 Medicinal Chemistry药剂学 Pharmaceutics生药学 Pharmacognosy药物分析学 Pharmaceutical Analysis微生物与生化药学 Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy药理学 Pharmacology中药学 Science of Chinese Pharmacology军事学 Military Science军事思想学及军事历史学 Military Thought and Military History 军事思想学 Military Thought军事历史学 Military History战略学 Science of Strategy军事战略学 Military Strategy战争动员学 War Mobilization战役学 Science of Operations联合战役学 Joint Operation军种战役学（含第二炮兵战役学） Armed Service Operation (including Operation of Strategic Missile Force)战术学 Science of Tactics合同战术学 Combined-Arms Tactics兵种战术学 Branch Tactics军队指挥学 Science of Command作战指挥学 Combat Command军事运筹学 Military Operation Research军事通信学 Military Communication军事情报学 Military Intelligence密码学 Cryptography军事教育训练学（含军事体育学） Military Education and Training (including Military Physical Training)军制学 Science of Military System军事组织编制学 Military Organizational System军队管理学 Military Management军队政治工作学 Science of Military Political Work军事后勤学与军事装备学 Science of Military Logistics and Military Equipment军事后勤学 Military Logistics后方专业勤务 Rear Special Service军事装备学 Military Equipment管理学 Management Science管理科学与工程 Management Science and Engineering工商管理学 Science of Business Administration会计学 Accounting企业管理学（含财务管理、市场营销学、人力资源管理学） Corporate Management (including Financial Management, Marketing, and Human Resources Management)旅游管理学 Tourist Management技术经济及管理学 Technology Economy and Management农林经济管理学 Agricultural and Forestry Economics & Management农业经济管理学 Agricultural Economics & Management林业经济管理学 Forestry Economics & Management公共管理学 Science of Public Management行政管理学 Administration Management社会医学与卫生事业管理学 Social Medicine and Health Management教育经济与管理学 Educational Economy and Management社会保障学 Social Security土地资源管理学 Land Resource Management图书馆、情报与档案学 Science of Library, Information and Archival图书馆学 Library Science情报学 Information Science档案学 Archival Science（注：文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，供参考。
各专业英文翻译
法学 Law Study英语 English日语 Japanese信息与计算科学 Information and Computation Science应用物理学 Applied Physics冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering金属材料工程 Metallic Materials Engineering无机非金属材料 Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials材料成型及控制工程 Material Formation and controlEngineering高分子材料与工程 Multimolecular Materials and Engineering工业设计 Industrial Disign建筑学 Architecture城市规划 City Planning艺术设计 Artistical Disign包装工程 Packaging Engineering机械设计制造及自动化Machine Disign,Manufacturing,and Automation热能与动力工程 Thermal and Power Engineering水利水电工程 WaterConservance and Electro-power Engineering测控技术与仪器 Technique and Instrumentation of Measurements电气工程及其自动化 Electric Engineering and its Automation自动化 Automation通信工程 Communication Engineering电子信息科学与技术 Sience and Technology of Electronic Information 计算机科学与技术 Computer Sience and Technology土木工程 Civil Engineering工程管理 Project Management给水排水工程 Water Supply and Sewage Engineering建筑环境与设备工程 Constructional Environment and Equipment Engineering 过程装备与控制工程 Processing Units and Control Engineering环境工程 Environmental Engineering化学工程与工艺 Chemacal Engineering and Technology安全工程 Safty Engineering工商管理 Industrial and Commercial Management市场营销 Market Management and Sales会计学 Accounting旅游管理 Tourism Management信息管理与信息系统 Information Management and System金融学 Finance国际经济与贸易 International Economy and Trade食品科学与工程 Food Sience and Engineering生物工程 Biological Engineering纺织工程 Textile Engineering建筑环境与设备工程、Constructional Environment and Equipment Engineering 过程装备与控制工程、Processing Units and Control Engineering现代家政学、 Modern Domestic Science运动训练科学系、 Sports Train Science食品营养与检测、 Food Nutrition and Detect国际新闻、 International News体育健康教育系 Sports Health Education哲学 Philosophy马克思主义哲学 Philosophy of Marxism中国哲学 Chinese Philosophy外国哲学 Foreign Philosophies逻辑学 Logic伦理学 Ethics美学 Aesthetics宗教学 Science of Religion科学技术哲学 Philosophy of Science and Technology经济学 Economics理论经济学 Theoretical Economics政治经济学 Political Economy经济思想史 History of Economic Thought经济史 History of Economic西方经济学 Western Economics世界经济 World Economics人口、资源与环境经济学 Population, Resources and Environmental Economics应用经济学 Applied Economics国民经济学 National Economics区域经济学 Regional Economics财政学（含税收学） Public Finance (including Taxation)金融学（含保险学） Finance (including Insurance)产业经济学 Industrial Economics国际贸易学 International Trade劳动经济学 Labor Economics统计学 Statistics数量经济学 Quantitative Economics中文学科、专业名称英文学科、专业名称国防经济学 National Defense Economics法学 Law法学 Science of Law法学理论 Jurisprudence法律史 Legal History宪法学与行政法学 Constitutional Law and Administrative Law 刑法学 Criminal Jurisprudence民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学) Civil Law and Commercial Law (including Science of Labour Law and Science of Social Security Law )诉讼法学 Science of Procedure Laws经济法学 Science of Economic Law环境与资源保护法学 Science of Environment and Natural Resources Protection Law国际法学(含国际公法学、国际私法学、国际经济法学、) International law (including International Public law, International Private Law and International Economic Law)军事法学 Science of Military Law政治学 Political Science政治学理论 Political Theory中外政治制度 Chinese and Foreign Political Institution科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动 Scientific Socialism and InternationalCommunist Movement中*史(含党的学说与党的建设) History of the Communist Party of China(including the Doctrine of China Party and Party Building) 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育 Education of Marxist Theory and Education in Ideology and Politics国际政治学 International Politics国际关系学 International Relations外交学 Diplomacy社会学 Sociology社会学 Sociology人口学 Demography人类学 Anthropology民俗学(含中国民间文学) Folklore (including Chinese Folk Literature)民族学 Ethnology民族学 Ethnology马克思主义民族理论与政策 Marxist Ethnic Theory and Policy 中国少数民族经济 Chinese Ethnic Economics中国少数民族史 Chinese Ethnic History中国少数民族艺术 Chinese Ethnic Art教育学 Education教育学 Education Science教育学原理 Educational Principle课程与教学论 Curriculum and Teaching Methodology教育史 History of Education比较教育学 Comparative Education学前教育学 Pre-school Education高等教育学 Higher Education成人教育学 Adult Education职业技术教育学 Vocational and Technical Education特殊教育学 Special Education教育技术学 Education Technology心理学 Psychology基础心理学 Basic Psychology发展与心理学 Developmental and Educational Psychology应用心理学 Applied Psychology体育学 Science of Physical Culture and Sports体育人文社会学 Humane and Sociological Science of Sports 运动人体科学 Human Movement Science体育教育训练学 Theory of Sports Pedagogy and Training民族传统体育学 Science of Ethnic Traditional Sports文学 Literature中国语言文学 Chinese Literature文艺学 Theory of Literature and Art语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics汉语言文字学 Chinese Philology中国古典文献学 Study of Chinese Classical Text中国古代文学 Ancient Chinese Literature中国现当代文学 Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature 中国少数民族语言文学 Chinese Ethnic Language and Literature比较文学与世界文学 Comparative Literature and World Literature外国语言文学 Foreign Languages and Literatures英语语言文学 English Language and Literature俄语语言文学 Russian Language and Literature法语语言文学 French Language and Literature德语语言文学 German Language and Literature日语语言文学 Japanese Language and Literature印度语言文学 Indian Language and Literature西班牙语语言文学 Spanish Language and Literature阿拉伯语语言文学 Arabic Language and Literature欧洲语言文学 European Language and Literature亚非语言文学 Asian-African Language and Literature外国语言学及应用语言学 Linguistics and Applied Linguistics in Foreign Languages新闻传播学 Journalism and Communication新闻学 Journalism传播学 Communication艺术学 Art艺术学 Art Theory音乐学 Music美术学 Fine Arts设计艺术学 Artistic Design戏剧戏曲学 Theater and Chinese Traditional Opera电影学 Film广播电视艺术学 Radio and television Art舞蹈学 Dance历史学 History历史学 History史学理论及史学史 Historical Theories and History of Historical Science考古学及博物馆学 Archaeology and Museology历史地理学 Historical Geography历史文献学(含敦煌学、古文字学) Studies of Historical Literature (includingPaleography and Studies of Dunhuang)专门史 History of Particular Subjects中国古代史 Ancient Chinese History中国近现代史 Modern and Contemporary Chinese History世界史 World History理学 Natural Science数学 Mathematics基础数学 Fundamental Mathematics计算数学 Computational Mathematics概率论与数理统计 Probability and Mathematical Statistics 应用数学 Applied mathematics运筹学与控制论 Operational Research and Cybernetics物理学 Physics理论物理 Theoretical Physics粒子物理与原子核物理 Particle Physics and Nuclear Physics原子与分子物理 Atomic and Molecular Physics等离子体物理 Plasma Physics凝聚态物理 Condensed Matter Physics声学 Acoustics光学 Optics无线电物理 Radio Physics化学 Chemistry无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理） Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics)高分子化学与物理 Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学 Astronomy天体物理 Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学 Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学 Geography自然地理学 Physical Geography人文地理学 Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统 Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学 Atmospheric Sciences气象学 Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境 Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment海洋科学 Marine Sciences物理海洋学 Physical Oceanography海洋化学 Marine Chemistry海洋生理学 Marine Biology海洋地质学 Marine Geology地球物理学 Geophysics固体地球物理学 Solid Earth Physics空间物理学 Space Physics地质学 Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology地球化学 Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学） Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学 Structural Geology第四纪地质学 Quaternary Geology生物学 Biology植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology生理学 Physiology水生生物学 Hydrobiology微生物学 Microbiology神经生物学 Neurobiology遗传学 Genetics发育生物学 Developmental Biology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology系统科学 Systems Science系统理论 Systems Theory系统分析与集成 Systems Analysis and Integration科学技术史 History of Science and Technology工学 Engineering力学 Mechanics一般力学与力学基础 General and Fundamental Mechanics固体力学 Solid Mechanics流体力学 Fluid Mechanics工程力学 Engineering Mechanics机械工程 Mechanical Engineering机械制造及其自动化 Mechanical Manufacture and Automation 机械电子工程 Mechatronic Engineering机械设计与理论 Mechanical Design and Theory车辆工程 Vehicle Engineering光学工程 Optical Engineering仪器科学与技术 Instrument Science and Technology精密仪器及机械 Precision Instrument and Machinery测试计量技术及仪器 Measuring and Testing Technologies and Instruments材料科学与工程 Materials Science and Engineering材料物理与化学 Materials Physics and Chemistry材料学 Materialogy材料加工工程 Materials Processing Engineering冶金工程 Metallurgical Engineering冶金物理化学 Physical Chemistry of Metallurgy钢铁冶金 Ferrous Metallurgy有色金属冶金 Non-ferrous Metallurgy动力工程及工程热物理 Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics工程热物理 Engineering Thermophysics热能工程 Thermal Power Engineering动力机械及工程 Power Machinery and Engineering流体机械及工程 Fluid Machinery and Engineering制冷及低温工程 Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering化工过程机械 Chemical Process Equipment电气工程 Electrical Engineering电机与电器 Electric Machines and Electric Apparatus电力系统及其自动化 Power System and its Automation高电压与绝缘技术 High Voltage and Insulation Technology 电力电子与电力传动 Power Electronics and Power Drives电工理论与新技术 Theory and New Technology of Electrical Engineering电子科学与技术 Electronics Science and Technology物理电子学 Physical Electronics电路与系统 Circuits and Systems微电子学与固体电子学 Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics电磁场与微波技术 Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology信息与通信工程 Information and Communication Engineering 通信与信息系统 Communication and Information Systems信号与信息处理 Signal and Information Processing控制科学与工程 Control Science and Engineering控制理论与控制工程 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Engineering兵器科学与技术 Armament Science and Technology武器系统与运用工程 Weapon Systems and Utilization Engineering 兵器发射理论与技术 Armament Launch Theory and Technology火炮、自动武器与弹药工程 Artillery, Automatic Gun and Ammunition Engineering军事化学与烟火技术 Military Chemistry and Pyrotechnics核科学与技术 Nuclear Science and Technology核能科学与工程 Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering核燃料循环与材料 Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Materials核技术及应用 Nuclear Technology and Applications辐射防护及环境保护 Radiation and Environmental Protection农业工程 Agricultural Engineering农业机械化工程 Agricultural Mechanization Engineering农业水土工程 Agricultural Water-Soil Engineering农业生物环境与能源工程 Agricultural Biological Environmental and Energy Engineering农业电气化与自动化 Agricultural Electrification and Automation林业工程 Forestry Engineering森林工程 Forest Engineering木材科学与技术 Wood Science and Technology林产化学加工工程 Chemical Processing Engineering of Forest Products环境科学与工程 Environmental Science and Engineering环境科学 Environmental Science环境工程 Environmental Engineering生物医学工程 Biomedical Engineering食品科学与工程 Food 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Breeding森林培育学 Silviculture森林保护学 Forest Protection森林经理学 Forest Management野生动植物保护与利用 Wildlife Conservation and Utilization 园林植物与观赏园艺 Ornamental Plants and Horticulture水土保持与荒漠化防治 Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating水产学 Fisheries Science水产养殖学 Aquaculture Science捕捞学 Fishing Science渔业资源学 Science of Fisheries Resources医学 Medicine基础医学 Basic Medicine人体解剖与组织胚胎学 Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology 免疫学 Immunology病原生物学 Pathogenic Organisms病理学与病理生理学 Pathology and Pathophysiology法医学 Forensic Medicine放射医学 Radiation Medicine航空航天与航海医学 Aerospace and Nautical medicine临床医学 Clinical Medicine内科学（含心血管病学、血液病学、呼吸系病学、消化系病学、内分泌与代谢病学、肾脏病学、风湿病学、传染病学） Internal medicine (including Cardiology, Hematology, Respiratory, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheuma-tology, Infectious Diseases)儿科学 Pediatrics老年医学 Geriatrics神经病学 Neurology精神病与精神卫生学 Psychiatry and Mental Health皮肤病与性病学 Dermatology and Venereology影像医学与核医学 Imaging and Nuclear Medicine临床检验诊断学 Clinical Laboratory 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有关食品安全的翻译
1. 食品安全与食品在消费环节（由消费者摄入）食源性危害的存在有关。
由于食品链的任何阶段均可能引入食品安全危害，必需对整个食品链进行充分的控制。
因此，食品安全必须通过食品链中所有参与方的共同努力来保证。
为了确保食品链每个环节所有相关的食品危害均得到识别和充分控制，整个食品链进行的沟通必不可少。
因此,组织与其在食品链中的上游和下游的组织之间均需要进行沟通。
尤其对于已确定的危害和采取的控制措施，应与顾客和供方进行沟通，这将有助于明确顾客和供方的要求(如在可行性、需求和对终产品的影响方面)。
Food safety is related to the presence of food—borne hazards in food at the point of consumption (intake by the consumer）. As the introduction of food safety hazards can occur at any stage of the food chain，adequate control throughout the food chain is essential. Thus, food safety is ensured through the combined efforts of all the parties participating in the food chain.Communication along the food chain is essential to ensure that all relevant food safety hazards are identified and adequately controlled at each step within the food chain. This implies communication between organizations both upstream and downstream in the food chain. Communication with customers and suppliers about identified hazards and control measures will assist in clarifying customer and supplier requirements (e。
食品英语中英对照翻译
食品英语中英对照翻译Brown sugar 砂糖dark Brown Sugar 红糖Rock Sugar 冰糖Maltose 麦芽糖Custer sugar 白砂糖（适用于做糕点）Icing Sugar 糖粉（可用在打鲜奶油及装饰蛋糕外层）Soy sauce 酱油，分生抽（light）及老抽两种Vinegar 醋Cornstarch 太白粉,玉米淀粉Sesame Seeds 芝麻Sesame oil 麻油cooking oil 菜油olive oil橄榄油（植物油）Creamed Coconut 椰油Oyster sauce 蚝油Canola oil 加拿大芥花油（菜油）broth 肉汤Pepper 胡椒Chinese red pepper 花椒monosodium glutamate味精Red chilli powder 辣椒粉sesame芝麻Sesame paste 芝麻酱Salt black bean 豆鼓peanut butter花生酱Bean curd sheet 腐皮Tofu 豆腐bean curd豆干，干子Sea vegetable or Sea weed 海带Green bean 绿豆Red Bean 红豆Black bean 黑豆Red kidney bean 大红豆Dried mushroom 冬菇Silk noodles 粉丝hazelnut榛子almond杏仁Agar-agar 燕菜Bamboo shoots 竹笋罐头Star anise 八角fennel茴香clove丁香Wantun skin 馄饨皮Dried chestnut 干粟子Tiger lily buds 金针Red date 红枣Water chestnuts 荸荠罐头Dried shrimps 虾米Cashew nuts 腰果walnut胡桃cream 奶油cheddar cheese 英国切达干酪butter 黄油margarine 植物奶油cream cheese干酪cottage cheese 白干酪mozzarella 意大利白干酪yogurt 酸奶juice 果汁marmalade橘子或柠檬酱jelly果冻Cake mix蛋糕粉syrup糖浆, 果汁salad dressing沙拉酱mashed potatoes土豆泥sundae圣代冰淇淋jam果酱marmalade橘子酱mustard 芥末ketchup调味番茄酱mayonnaise蛋黄酱spices 香料Skim milk脱脂牛奶Low-fat milk低脂牛奶Buttermilk 脱脂酸牛奶Soya drink 豆浆，婴幼儿食品infant or baby food 强化食品nutrient fortified food 天然食品natural food摸拟食品imitation food预包装食品prepackaged food食品制造food manufacturing食品加工food processing食品工业food industry食品资源food resource食品新资源new resource for food原料raw material配料ingredient主料major ingredient (major material)辅料minor ingredient食品添加剂food additive食品营养强化剂food enrichment加工助剂processing aid酶enzyme配料表list of ingredients配方formula食品包装材料packaging material for food食品包装容器food container软包装flexible package硬包装rigid package食品标签food labelling保质期date of minimum durability食品质量管理food quality control食品质量监督food quality supervision食品质量检验food quality inspection食品卫生food hygiene (food safety)食品营养food nutrition食品成分food composition食品分析food analysis食品工业标准化food industry standardization 食品标准food standard食品产品标准food product standard食品卫生标准food hygienic standard食品厂卫生娣丁?hygienic code of food factory食品分析方法标准food analysing standard methed良好加工规范good manufacturing practice (GMP)危害分析关键控制点hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) 食品生产许可证food production licence食品产品合格证food product qualification食品卫生许可证food hygiene licence食品卫生合格证food hygiene qualification食品工业副产品by-product of food industry粮食grain粮食制品cereal product肉制品meat product食用油脂edible oil and fat乳制品dairy product水产品sea food水果制品fruit product蔬菜制品vegetable product植物蛋白食品vegetable protein food淀粉制品starch-based product蛋制品egg product糕点pastry糖果candy调味品condiment (seasoning)食用盐edible salt (food grade salt)饮料酒alcoholic drink无酒精饮料non-alcoholic drink （soft drink ）原料清理raw material handling (raw material cleaning)原料预处理pretreatment of raw material酸处理acid treatment硫处理sulphuring treatment碱处理alkali treatment粉碎grinding破碎cracking (crushing)打浆mashing搅拌mixing分离separation离心分离centrifugal separation 过滤filtration膜分离membrane separation筛分screening (sifting)沉降precipitation浓缩concentration蒸馏distillation精馏rectification (distilling)蒸发evaporation闪蒸flash evaporation离子交换ion exchange吸附adsorption吸收absorption解吸deabsorption干燥drying脱水dehydration复水rehydration浸取extraction压榨pressing乳化emusifying均质homogenizing发酵fermentation酿造brewing糊化gelatinization凝沉retrogradation液化liquifying (liquefaction)糖化saccharification (conversion) 氢化hydrogenation嫩化tenderization软化softening营养强化fortification (enrichment)膨化extrusion (puffing)精制refining烘焙baking熏制smoking保鲜refreshment (refreshing)冷藏cold storage , frozen storage速冻quick-freezing气调贮藏storage in controlled atmosphere干制保藏drying preservation (preserved by dehydration ; drying process) 腌制保藏curing preservation (preserved by curing process)盐渍salting酱渍saucing糖渍sugaring酸渍pickling糟渍cured or pickled with germented grains辐照保藏irradiation preservation化学保藏chemical preservation成熟ripening后熟maturation灭菌sterilization超高温瞬时灭菌ultra high temperature short time sterilization商业无菌commercial sterilization消毒disinfection巴氏消毒pasteurization接种inoculation培菌cultivation染菌microbiological contamination （contamination ）食品包装food packaging （food packing ，food package ）真空包装vacuum packing充气包装gas flush packaging （gas packing ）无菌包装aseptic packaging （aseptic packing ）营养素nutrient蛋白质protein粗蛋白质crude protein植物蛋白vegetable protein动物蛋白animal protein蛋白质营养学评价nutritional evaluation蛋白质变性protein denaturation蛋白质互补complementary action of protein氨基酸amino acid必需氨基酸essential amino acid脂肪fat (oil and fat)粗脂肪crude fat脂肪酸fatty acid饱和脂肪酸saturated fatty acid不饱和脂肪酸unsaturated fatty acid碳水化合物carbohydrate有效碳水化合物effective carbohydrate粗纤维crude fiber膳食纤维dietary fiber矿物质mineral matter微量元素trace element维生素vitamin脂溶性维生素liposoluble vitamin (fat soluble vitamin)水溶性维生素water soluble vitamin每日推荐的营养素供给量(RDA) recommended daily nutrient allowance 水分moisture content水分活度water activity热量calorie固形物solid content可溶性固形物soluble solid不溶性固形物insoluble solid食品污染food contamination生物性污染biologic contamination化学性污染chemical contamination放射性污染radioactive contamination重金属heavy metal微生物毒素microbial toxin农药残留residue of pesticide兽药残留residue of veterinary drug食物中毒food poisoning酸败rancidity腐败spoilage霉变mould褐变browning食物安全毒理学评价toxicological evaluation for food safety 人体每日允许摄入量(ADI) acceptable daily intake (ADI)食品感官检验sensory analysis ( sensory evaluation)感官特性organoleptic attribute食品理化检验food physical and chemical analysis总糖total reducing sugar还原糖reducing sugar酸度acidity总酸total acid碘价iodine value酸价acid value过氧化值peroxide value食品微生物学检验food microbiological analysis菌落总数total plate count大肠菌群coliform致病菌pathogenic bacterium抗生素antibiotic、公司产品系列涵盖：橡皮糖、手工艺棒糖、棉花糖、玩具糖果、节日糖果和各类休闲食品等，同时公司致力于中、高档休闲食品的进出口贸易和中国大陆的分销业务。
食品专业英语
Autocorrelate自相关 balancing nutrients营养平衡 biological availability生物有效性By virtue of由于因为 carotenoid类胡萝卜素 combustion燃烧 consumer advocates消费者的拥护者dementia痴呆 deplete耗尽 desmethyl去甲基 diabetes mellitus糖尿病 dietary allowance膳食供给量 dioxin二噁英 endogenous内源性 epidemiological流行病学的 Extruded protein挤压蛋白质fabricated food配制食品 folacin叶酸 fortification强化 glycine甘氨酸 GRAS公认为安全的homeostasis体内平衡 imitate模仿 in relation to与有关Incineration焚化 indiscriminately不加区别的 insulin胰岛素 ligand配体 mammalian哺乳动物 meal replacements膳食替代品 meat analogs 肉类似物methionine甲硫丁氨酸milieu周围Mucous membrane黏膜natriuretic尿钠排泄的necessitating迫使 normotensive血压正常的人Obese肥胖的 over-promotion过分促进 pantothenic acid泛酸 parasitic寄生的 phosphorous磷 plausible似是而非的 potential hazards潜在危险 RDA推荐的膳食供给量 Reactive nitrogen species活性氮组分 retinyl palmitate维生素A棕榈酸酯salubrious有益健康的 sinuse窦穴湾 spun protein纤维蛋白质 tantalizingly的令人着急 wholesome food有益健康食品α-tocopherol生育酚随着食品技术的发展，特定营养的强化食物变得更加复杂。
中考英语作文复习：食品安全守住生命第一关
中考英语作文复习：食品安全守住生命第一关净化市场源头重点应对人民每天需食用的粮食作物、蔬菜、水果、饮用水等严加控管，进行规范型、创新型种植、生产结构及生产保障体系调整。
市场上的食品应由大型的、符合质量要求的、国家认可的种植专业户、集团，生产厂家的食品占绝大部分，对落后的、零星的、质量无保障的种植户、生产小厂适时淘汰，或成无人问津而自灭。
净化市场源头是重点，这一步抓好了，购者放心。
建立市场级检测体系即在中、大型超市、农贸市场设置检测仪器、提供检测方法，随时对有关食品主要质量参数进行检测，可由市场专职检测人员或人民群众开展抽检。
国家应投入一定费用开展快速检测方法的研究，供市场快速确认质量。
如此，不合格产品难以上市，也不敢上市，杜绝不合格产品的上市。
增加媒体透明度网上、电视台、报纸应有计划、有针对性适时报导食品检测结果，对优质、合格产品进行表彰，引来认购者，使其受益，不合格者曝光，让其下架或受冷落，令其整改或停产，多方面、全方位展开关注，持之以恒。
【典型范文】“民以食为天”，饮食的安全和健康受到越来越多的关注和重视。
请你以“Say NO to Junk Food”为题，根据以下要点写一篇英语短文。
写作要点：1、垃圾食品尽管美味，但对健康无益，而且其过多的包装会产生更多的垃圾；2、远离垃圾食品，还应该选择正确的生活方式，如：①三餐要有规律，少吃零食、快餐；①多吃蔬菜、水果等健康食物，以提供身体必需营养；①多参加户外活动……写作要求：1、词数：80左右，开头与结尾已写出，不计入总词数；2、内容必须包括上述所有要点，可适当发挥；3、参考词汇：过多包装over packaging；有规律的regularly；营养nutritionSay NO to Junk FoodNowadays, more and more attention has been paid to food safety and health. As far as I am concerned, we should say no to junk food._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ In a word, a healthy diet with less junk food can make us stronger and stronger.【答案】Say NO to Junk FoodNowadays, more and more attention has been paid to food safety and health. As far as I am concerned, we should say no to junk food.There is no doubt that junk food is delicious and attractive, but it surely does harm to ourbody. Meanwhile, the over packaging necessarily leads to much more rubbish.To get away from the junk food, we should focus on how to keep a healthy lifestyle. There are many tips to follow. First, eat regularly, three meals a day on time. Try as few snacks or fast food as possible. Second, take more fruits and vegetables which can provide the nutrition we need .What’s more, do more outdoor activities, as long as you are busy with something interesting, you will more probably get away from junk food.In a word, a healthy diet with less junk food can make us stronger and stronger.题干解读：题目要求以“Say NO to Junk Food”为题写一篇英语短文；要求包含所有的写作要点，可适当发挥。
食品专业英语-preface
preface随着食品科学的迅猛发展, 许多国外先进的食品工艺、技术和设备源源不断地被引进, 各种食品信息愈来愈呈现全球化的趋势。
当前食品技术国际发展方向将使我们面临一场新世纪的挑战, 学生能否在今后的实际工作中熟练运用食品技术专业英语这门国际性的交流工具武装自己, 具备强有力的竞争力, 对于食品技术专业英语的教育提出了更高的要求。
高等职业院校开设专业英语课, 是为了提高学生专业英语的应用能力, 特别是科技英语资料的阅读和翻译能力[ 1 ] 。
食品专业的高职学生在公共英语的基础上若能够具备一定的专业英语水平, 在以后的工作中就可以广泛查阅图书馆文献和网络信息, 及时了解国内外本专业的学术进展和动态。
一、高职院校食品专业英语应涵盖的主要内容高职院校学制三年, 其中三年级基本上以实训和实习为主, 在头两年的时间里, 学生要完成大量的基础课、专业基础课和专业课的学习, 因此, 专业英语课的课时比本科院校的专业英语的课时少很多。
根据课时数并结合大多数学生今后毕业的走向, 高职院校的食品专业的专业英语应包含以下内容。
1 食品专业英语基础知识。
包括食品生物化学( Food Biochemistry )、食品保藏( Food Preservation)、食品生产与加工( Food Processing )、食品营养学( Food Nutrition)、食品微生物学( Food Microbiology)、食品卫生与安全( Food Sanitation and Safety )的一些基本专业词汇和专业语句表达方式。
这些知识以阅读一些专业英语文章为主, 每个范畴选取1~ 2 篇文章, 文章内容应选取最基础、最普遍的一些知识, 也可选取一些具有趣味性、生活型、时代性的与食品有关的短文, 而不应选取那些纯学术研究性的文章, 不应过专过深。
2实验仪器英文说明书许多学生毕业后从事食品的质量检验工作。
现在许多大型食品生产企业为了保障产品质量, 从国外引进大量先进的实验仪器, 如高效液相色谱仪、质谱仪等。
《食品专业英语》词汇大全
词汇第一课（一）基本The characteristics about the Food English Sci-Technological Thesis 英语食品科技论文的特色Academic thesis学术论文Experiment:Research report,实验型Observation,survey: Investigation report 观察型Theory:Mathematical thesis,理论型Dissertation学位论文Bachelor ’s dissertation学士论文Master ’ s dissertation硕士论文Doctor ’ s dissertation博士论文Acknowledgements , References and Appendix 感谢、参照文件和附录Introduction 前言、序言或介绍Materials and Methods 资料与方法Results and Discussion 结果与议论Conclusions 结论goal 目的review 研究背景your work 要解决的问题experimental methods 实验方法type of experimental design试验设计number of replications重复次数statistical analysis统计剖析equipment仪器（二）缩略词1述语、组织、集体名称：LC =lethal concentration致死浓度EAA =Essential amino acids必需氨基酸DH = degree of hydrolysis 水解度DNA =deozyrebonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸USDA=US Department of Agriculture 美国农业部IFT=Institute of Food Technologists 食品科技协会CEO=chief executive officer 总经理2数字 +胸怀衡单位词15ft (foot\feet)cal (calorie) 卡C（centigrade）摄氏温度etc=et cetera=and others（等物）et al.=et alii=and others(等人)i.e.=id est=that ise.g.=exampli gratia=for example＋plus 加号；正号－minus 减号；负号± plus or minus 正负号× is multiplied by 乘号÷is divided by 除号＝is equal to 等于号％ per cent 百分之℃ degree Celsius /centigrade摄氏度(1) Terminology 科技术语的翻译Compound word 合成词end point终点standard solution标准溶液titration error滴定偏差buffer solution缓冲溶液Polysemy 多义词Concentration集中，会合，专心→浓缩，浓度Derivative 派生词：加词缀构成新术语alkaline 碱性的alkalinity 碱度Spectrophotometer 分光光度计Condenser冷凝器Subordination分清主从法Diction选词用字法Amplification & Omission 增字法与省略法Conversion 变换法Inversion词序调整法Division长句拆译法Subordination分清主从法The food technologist can usually recognize fats[when he sees them] because they are quite different [both in their physical properties and in their chemical composition ]from the other two main food constituents: carbohdrate and protein.当食品科学工作者看到脂肪时，往常能够确认它们，因为无论在物理性质和化学构成上，脂肪都与此外两种主要食品构成成分（碳水化合物和蛋白质）不一样。
大学英语四级翻译讲义
大学英语四级翻译讲义农历(the lunar calendar)起源于数千年前的中国,根据太阳和月亮的运行规律制定。
长期以来,农历在农业生产和人们日常生活中发挥着重要作用。
古人依据农历记录日期、安排农活,以便最有效地利用自然资源和气候条件,提高农作物的产量和质量。
中国的春节、中秋节等传统节日的日期都基于农历。
农历是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，当今依然广为使用。
The lunar calendar originated in China thousands of years ago and was formulated based on the movements of the sun and the moon.For a long time, the lunar calendar has played an important role in agricultural production and people’s daily lives.Ancient people used the lunar calendar to record dates and arrange farming activities to make the most efficient use of natural resources and climatic conditions,thereby improving the yield and quality of crops.Traditional Chinese festivals such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival are all based on the lunar calendar.The lunar calendar is an important part of traditional Chinese culture and is still widely used today.四合院(siheyuan)是中国一种传统的住宅建筑,其特点是房屋建造在一个院子的四周,将院子合围在中间。
食物的英语作文及翻译
食物的英语作文及翻译Title: The Culinary Journey: Exploring the World of Food。
Food is not merely sustenance; it's a language that speaks to our senses, culture, and history. From the sizzling stir-fries of China to the aromatic spices of India, the world of food is a captivating journey through flavors and traditions. In this essay, we will delve into the diverse realm of cuisine, exploring its significance and impact on our lives.First and foremost, food serves as a bridge connecting people from different cultures and backgrounds. Through the sharing of meals, individuals can gain insight into each other's traditions, values, and way of life. Whether it's a family gathering around a dinner table or a multicultural potluck event, food has the remarkable ability to foster understanding and forge bonds between individuals.Furthermore, food plays a pivotal role in shaping cultural identity. Each cuisine is a reflection of a community's history, geography, and resources. For example, the hearty stews of Ireland are deeply rooted in the country's agricultural heritage, while the delicate sushi of Japan highlights the nation's reverence for seafood. By preserving and celebrating traditional recipes, communities can honor their heritage and pass down culinary knowledge from one generation to the next.Moreover, food is an expression of creativity and innovation. Chefs around the world constantly experiment with ingredients, techniques, and presentation to push the boundaries of culinary artistry. From molecular gastronomy to fusion cuisine, these culinary pioneers inspire us to think outside the box and embrace new culinary experiences.In addition to its cultural and creative significance, food also has a profound impact on our health and well-being. A balanced diet not only provides the essential nutrients our bodies need but also contributes to our overall vitality and longevity. As awareness of theconnection between diet and health grows, more people are embracing mindful eating habits and seeking out wholesome, nourishing foods.However, amidst the richness of culinary diversity,it's essential to acknowledge the challenges and issues facing the global food system. From food insecurity to environmental degradation, our current food practices arenot sustainable in the long term. As stewards of the planet, it's imperative that we strive for a more equitable and environmentally friendly food system that ensures access to nutritious food for all while minimizing harm to the planet.In conclusion, food is much more than just a source of sustenance; it's a gateway to understanding, a celebrationof diversity, and a catalyst for change. By embracing the rich tapestry of culinary traditions and working towards a more sustainable future, we can create a world where everyone can enjoy the pleasures of good food while preserving the planet for future generations.Translation: 食物是一门不仅仅是满足需求的语言，它是我们感官、文化和历史的表达。
食品健康 英文作文带翻译
Moreover, the impact of food on mental health should not be overlooked. A healthy diet can not only improve physical health, but also benefit mental health. Research has shown that certain nutrients can have a positive effect on mood and brain function. For example, omega-3 fatty acids found in fish have been shown to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety; antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables can help protect the brain from oxidative stress and reduce the risk of cognitive decline. In contrast, a poor diet high in processed foods and sugar can lead to increased inflammation and oxidative stress, which are risk factors for mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety. Therefore, maintaining a healthy diet is essential for overall health, including mental well-being.
食品安全英语作文翻译
食品安全英语作文翻译Food Safety。
Food safety is a major concern for everyone. The food we eat should be safe and free from harmful substances. Unfortunately, there are many incidents of food contamination and food poisoning around the world every year. This is a serious problem that affects the health and well-being of millions of people.There are many factors that contribute to food contamination. These include poor hygiene, inadequate food storage and handling, and the use of harmful chemicals and pesticides. Food can also be contaminated during processing and transportation. In addition, food fraud and mislabeling are also major concerns, as they can lead to consumers unknowingly consuming unsafe or counterfeit products.To ensure food safety, it is important to have strict regulations and standards in place. Governments and foodsafety organizations should work together to monitor and enforce these regulations. This includes conducting regular inspections of food production facilities, testing food samples for contaminants, and enforcing penalties for those who violate food safety laws.Consumers also play a crucial role in ensuring food safety. They should be aware of the risks associated with certain foods and take precautions when handling and preparing them. This includes washing hands and cooking utensils thoroughly, storing food properly, and avoiding cross-contamination.In conclusion, food safety is a global issue that affects everyone. It is important for governments, food safety organizations, and consumers to work together to ensure that the food we eat is safe and free from harmful substances. By taking a proactive approach to food safety, we can help prevent food contamination and protect the health and well-being of ourselves and our communities.。
食物安全作文英文翻译
食物安全作文英文翻译英文：Food safety is a topic that concerns everyone. As a consumer, I am always mindful of the food I eat and whereit comes from. In recent years, there have been numerous cases of food contamination and outbreaks of foodborne illnesses, which have led to increased public awareness of the importance of food safety.One of the main ways I ensure food safety is by checking the labels on the food I purchase. I look for information on the ingredients, nutritional value, and any potential allergens. I also pay attention to the expiration date and any storage instructions.Another way I ensure food safety is by being careful about where I eat out. I try to choose restaurants that have a good reputation for food safety and hygiene. I also pay attention to the cleanliness of the restaurant and thebehavior of the staff.In addition, I try to follow good food handling practices at home. This includes washing my hands before and after handling food, using separate cutting boards for raw meat and vegetables, and cooking food to the appropriate temperature.Overall, food safety is a complex issue that requires everyone to be vigilant. By taking simple steps like checking labels, choosing reputable restaurants, and following good food handling practices, we can help ensure that the food we eat is safe and healthy.中文：食品安全是一个关乎每个人的话题。
食品安全英语作文10篇
食品安全英语作文10篇食品安全与人们的健康，安全以及经济的健康发展息息相关，是国家稳定和社会发展的主要问题。
下面是小编收集整理的食品安全英语作文，供大家参考阅读!食品安全问题Food Safety IssuesIn recent years, China’s food industry occurs security issus frequently, which makes people worried and lose confidence. Food safety, related to the people’s health, safety and healthy development of economy, is the major issue of national stability and social development. Since the Sanlu Incident occurred in 2008, the entire society increasingly concerned about food safety issue. It was in this context that the food safety issue was referred to an unprecedented level.近几年，中国食品工业经常发生安全问题，这使得人们很担忧并失去了信心。
食品安全与人们的健康，安全以及经济的健康发展息息相关，是国家稳定和社会发展的主要问题。
自2008年三鹿事件发生以来，全社会对食品安全问题的关注越来越高。
正是在这种情况下，食品安全问题被提到了一个空前的水平。
There are the following main issues in food security: using poor quality raw materials in the food manufacturing process, adding toxic substances, excessive use of food additives, abusing of chemical additives and so on. There are many reasons to cause this problem, and regulators, producers and even consumers share responsibilities. The entire society should try effort to avoid food safety issues.食品安全主要存在以下问题：在生产食品过程使用劣质的原材料，添加有毒物质，过量使用防腐剂，滥用化学添加剂等等。
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荞麦蛋白的营养功能与安全性探讨
周小理，林汝法，刘诚
(1.上海应用技术学院，上海 200235； 2.山西省农业科学院，山西太原 030006；
3.北京市食品研究所，北京 100076)
摘要：阐述中国荞麦的资源优势、荞麦蛋白的营养特性与保健功能，探讨由食品变应原引起的食物过敏的特点及对人类健康的危害，提出了低过敏荞麦蛋白食品的研究开发思路。
关键词：荞麦；蛋白；营养功能；食品变应原；食品安全性。
食品安全不仅是公共健康的主要问题，也是一个世界性的问题。
它引起了政府、科学家和消费者越来越多的关注。
近年来，食源性疾病，食品污染事件一个又一个的出现，这些问题在一定程度上影响了许多国家经济的发展。
国际贸易的破坏会损坏国家的声誉。
作为一名中国人，也面临食品安全问题的挑战，而且它也成为一种重要的要素和技术壁垒限制我国食品的出口。
1中国荞麦资源的支配
荞麦，是荞麦属，是唯一一种作为食物的蓼科植物。
虽然荞麦不属于大种植谷类作物如水稻、小麦和玉米，人们仍习惯于合并它们为小杂粮作物。
荞麦是食物供应中一种重要且含量较少，而且是中国出口一种主要和传统的谷类作物。
有两个荞麦品种：苦荞麦（Linn）植物，或苦荞，命名于1791；荞麦moech，或普通荞麦，命名于1794。
20世纪80年代以来，研究荞麦资源的历史和培育几年后，中国科学家命名为苦荞、甜荞荞麦。
这也逐渐被大众所接受。
中国是世界上最早的植物起源中心包括荞麦。
据不完全统计，中国荞麦种植面积达100万ha,产量达到105万吨，其中，甜荞麦种植面积70万ha和年产75万t，苦荞种植面积30万ha年产量30万吨。
甜荞麦种植区主要分布在内蒙古、甘肃、宁夏省和山西省，每年出口10万吨。
苦荞种植区主要分布在云南、四川、贵州、山西、甘肃、宁夏，种植面积和产量在世界达到首位。
有2785个荞麦品种存放在全国种子资源库（其中苦荞879份，数据采集的粗鲁），经过细菌鉴定，分析中国荞麦资源编目。
见表1。
如表1所示，在四川、云南和山西省，有丰富的荞麦资源，占整个国家荞麦产量的46.82%，每省分别为19.06%、14.90%和12.86%。
苦荞适合在寒冷的气候下生长；它主要种植在山区约1200～3000米。
图1显示了苦荞的在中国详细分布。
图1苦荞资源在中国分布广泛，但主要集中在山西、陕西、青海、甘肃、云南、贵州、四川和湖北西北部和湖南西部之间的雾灵山。
2中国荞麦蛋白营养特性及其保健功能
近年来，来自中国和其他国家如美国、加拿大、日本、瑞典和韩国的食品营养学家和医学专家非常重视荞麦营养价值。
与其他谷类作物相比，荞麦含有更多的营养成分，详见表2。
荞麦蛋白的执行功能基于它的结构。
经过处理后，荞麦面粉含有12.1%的粗蛋白。
此外，荞麦蛋白由80%白蛋白和球蛋白构成。
其中，盐溶蛋白约占43%，
构成280000道尔顿的13s蛋白。
荞麦还含有蛋白、谷蛋白即使醇解使蛋白含量、无小麦面筋蛋白含量降低。
荞麦蛋白含有18种氨基酸，包括八种人体必需氨基酸酸，严格遵守WTO推荐标准。
特别是，它的赖氨酸和精氨酸与固定的特殊功能的豆科植物蛋白含量丰富，使荞麦蛋白具有其它谷类植物无可比拟的优点。
参见表3。
现代研究表明，荞麦蛋白在生理功能上具有高电位。
将荞麦种子，进行粉碎、碱提取、淀粉浓缩、消毒，能使荞麦蛋白纯化。
它的商标名BWPE可以显著降低高血糖大鼠的空腹血糖。
它能抑制肝脏重量增加和总胆固醇的积累。
一个明显的效果是防止脂肪堆积和改善便秘，可观察到与食物纤维具有类似的作用。
荞麦蛋白更多的生理学的功能还正在探索。
直到现在中国卫生部已经批准了16种荞麦的健康功能，比如减少功能食品血糖和脂肪。
荞麦含有荞麦多酚包括黄酮类化合物，如芦丁、槲皮素、茶多酚、多维生素和矿物质元素等。
荞麦含有更多的药用成分其中flavonoicls、fagopyritols在苦荞麦中比普通荞麦含量较高。
其他谷物，含有的微量元素Fe、Ca、P、Cu、Zn、Mg和极少量的B、镍、钴、硒等。
其中，硒和Mg、K、Zn、Fe比水稻和小麦高2～3倍，尤其是硒。
办事处（国际植物遗传资源研究所）把荞麦列为“充分利用作物”。
专家预测，荞麦，尤其是苦荞在世界上，将成为人类一个重要的食物资源和崛起的世纪作物。
3食物过敏和荞麦蛋白的安全性
3.1食物过敏：食品安全领域新的危险
科学的快速发展与检测技术的进步带来了一些已长期被忽视的公共食品安全问题。
例如，发生食物过敏事件的增加。
另一个潜在的食品安全危险，已经引起更多的关注。
通过调查，日本卫生部发表了关于食物过敏的调查于1997。
这是说，过敏率由8.6%上升到9.3%。
目前，在日本3岁以下，每年有百万过敏患者。
据报道，由食品的变质反应产生的过敏率达10%，其中北美人群（儿童13%，成人7%），和欧洲反应率为0.3%～7.5%儿童和2%成人分别为过敏。
根据新华社的新闻报道代理，近年来出现了日益增长的食物，中国儿童过敏性，成为一个流行的慢性病危害儿童心理健康。
3.2食品在食品应用的开源应用is of
“食物过敏”是一些人吃了一些特殊的食品引起的。
严格说，“过敏”就是免疫接触某些物质反应所致的外部模式。
所有这些物质称为过敏原。
食品过敏和急性病的延迟类型。
食品过敏原具有以下特点：
（1）与食品的种类有关
人过敏反应与年龄和居住的地方也可能有影响。
在中国，儿童食物过敏原通常包括牛奶、鸡蛋、大豆，而花生、坚果和海鲜是的主要是成人过敏。
此外，在不同地理位置的消费者中也有显著性差异。
例如，可可、草莓和无花果作为食物过敏原西方人少于中国。
一个日本报告认为，3岁的学生，14年是最常见的过敏的鸡蛋，然后对鱼类，甲壳，牛奶。
（2）可变性
食品过敏原：加热，胃酸浓度的增加而增加和消化酶的存在都有助于减少过敏原的强度与少数例外的经过巴氏杀菌牛奶β- LG与过敏原将不再增减。
（3）不同的食物抗原引起交叉反应：
不同的蛋白质可以有共同的抗原决定簇，使不同的交叉反应过敏原。
例如，牛奶过敏50%还对羊奶过敏。
引起的交叉反应植物过敏原是比动物更明显。
（4）多久的食物过敏症状会坚持各种食品相关。
例如，人们普遍认为，花生，坚果和海鲜过敏可能会持续一生，但过敏症状
由于鸡蛋，牛奶和大豆将停留约两年或三年
3.3荞麦蛋白和食物过敏
1909，史密斯写了第一个科学报告荞麦过敏症状的摄入小了荞麦粉量。
从此，欧洲、北美美国、日本和韩国研究流行病学研究荞麦过敏原的敏感人群。
数据表明，荞麦蛋白质的结构与大豆分离蛋白相似的。
最常见的反应后的敏感和哮喘，荨麻疹人群用枕头或把荞麦荞麦糠食品。
因此，有必要开发低过敏原荞麦食品安全。
4开发低过敏性食品，减少食物过敏原内容
除去食品过敏原物质在低过敏性的食物的研究，被认为是一种有效的手段，它将采取各种处理技术以满足患有过敏的人对食品的要求。
有不同的方法，可应用于食物过敏原的去除。
基于不同的原理，这些方法可分为物理化学方法、生物酶法、食品成分的重组方法、和基因育种等。
例如，日本油脂公司增加了无机离子对豆沉淀的过敏成分的控制pH值和温度与离心。
日本制药公司用酶来分解过敏原成分和孕育出一种新的低变应原大豆使用生物工程技术。
随着世界经济和国际食品贸易的发展，食品安全问题已不国家的王国。
面对的过敏原严酷的事实对过敏的人的伤害，我们应该加快研究为人民着想的食物。
过敏原和抗过敏的食物健康和食品安全，因为它不仅是一般的提高我国农业竞争力的需要还是适应经济全球化的需要。
同时，作为在21世纪的健康的一个重要的食物来源，我们不仅要探讨其营养成分和生理功能，而且还研究其过敏物质以促进荞麦成一个新的全球健康食品。