雅思阅读强化练习
雅思阅读模拟试题及参考答案
雅思阅读模拟试题及参考答案第一篇试题1. 根据文章，下列哪个陈述是正确的？A. 研究显示，电子设备使用对儿童的发展没有任何负面影响。
B. 儿童使用电子设备越多，他们的社交技能就越好。
C. 儿童使用电子设备会导致面部表情能力的退化。
D. 儿童使用电子设备的时间越长，他们的注意力就越集中。
2. 从文章中可以推断出什么？A. 青少年现在比以前更喜欢户外活动。
B. 大多数青少年每天使用电子设备超过五个小时。
C. 电子设备对青少年的学习成绩没有任何影响。
D. 青少年对电子设备的使用并不感到有罪恶感。
参考答案1. C2. B第二篇试题1. 从文章中可以推断出什么？A. 女性企业家比男性企业家更成功。
B. 女性企业家的工作时间比男性企业家更长。
C. 女性企业家通常在家庭和事业之间取得平衡。
D. 女性企业家比男性企业家更有创造力。
2. 根据文章，下列哪个陈述是正确的？A. 女性企业家的成功很大程度上取决于她们的家庭支持。
B. 现代女性企业家比过去更受到鼓励和支持。
C. 女性企业家在创业过程中面临更多障碍。
D. 女性企业家的成功主要归功于她们的教育背景。
参考答案1. C2. C第三篇试题1. 根据文章，下列哪个陈述是错误的？A. 生活在城市中的人更容易受到空气污染的影响。
B. 城市居民的健康状况普遍比农村居民更差。
C. 长期暴露在空气污染中可能导致呼吸系统疾病。
D. 空气质量对人们的心理健康没有影响。
2. 从文章中可以推断出什么？A. 空气污染对于城市居民来说是不可避免的。
B. 空气质量对于人们的生活质量非常重要。
C. 农村地区的空气质量比城市地区好。
D. 空气污染主要由工业排放引起。
参考答案1. B2. B注意事项请注意，以上参考答案仅供参考，具体情况还需根据文章内容进行判断。
语篇强化训练(有答案)4
Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Job seekers should know the rules of labor market before they try to find a proper job. Most career organizations 41 three stages for graduates to follow the process of securing a suitable career: recognizing abilities, matching these to available jobs and presenting them well to possible employers.Job seekers have to make a careful assessment of their abilities. One area of assessment should be of their 42 qualifications, which include special skills within their subject area. Graduates should also consider their own values and attitudes. An honest assessment of personal interests and abilities such as creative skills, or skills acquired from work experience, should also be given careful 43 .The second stage is to study the opportunities which are available for employment. To do this, graduates can study job and 44 information in newspapers, or they can pay a visit to a careers office, write to friends or relatives who may already be 45 in a particular profession. After studying all the various 46 , they should be in a position to make informed comparisons between various careers.Good personal 47 is essential in the search for a good career. Job application forms should be filled in carefully and correctly, without grammar of spelling errors. They should also prepare properly by finding out all they can about the possible employer. When 48information is asked for, job seekers should describe their abilities and work experience in more depth, as well as 49 their own abilities with the employer’s needs, explain why they are interested in a career with the 50 company and try to show that they already know something about the company and its activities. Interviewees should try to give positive answers and not be afraid of asking questions about anything they are unsure about.III. Reading ComprehensionDirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People read for different purposes. Sometimes people read for information while on other occasions, for understanding. Therefore, we can know that the word “reading” has two51 senses.The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, and so on. We can get access to the content of those materials 52 . Such materials may increase our 53of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don’t have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding is 54 to them before we start. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely 55 . Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can increase the reader’s understanding. Such 56 between unequals – people who know and people who don’t know –must be made possible. Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “learning” means understanding more, not 57 more information.What are the 58 in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. The writer must be “59 ” to the reader in understanding. Besides, his book must convey something he possesses while his potential readers 60 . Second, the reader must be able to 61 this inequality in some degree. And heshould always try to reach the same level of understanding with the writer. If the 62 is approached, success of communication is achieved.Besides gaining information and understanding, there’s another goal of reading:63 . It is the least 64 and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. 65 , any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.51. A. meaningful B. broad C. separate D. informative52. A. easily B. wholly C. briefly D. highly53. A. analysis B. comprehension C. appreciation D. store54. A. equal B. contrary C. inferior D. devoted55. A. agree B. understand C. approve D. enjoy56. A. contact B. relationship C. method D. communication57. A. selecting B. ignoring C. remembering D. creating58. A. conditions B. procedures C. approaches D. purposes59. A. humble B. superior C. kind D. generous60. A. know B. acquire C. lack D. deny61. A. recognize B. follow C. neglect D. overcome62. A. principle B. equality C. information D. content63. A. knowledge B. ability C. entertainment D. culture64. A. enjoyable B. reasonable C. flexible D. demanding65. A. In fact B. On the contrary C. In addition D. On the other handDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.Dennis Sinar, 51, a doctor from New York, is quick to explain why he took a year-long break from his job. “I was pretty burned out after practicing medicine for 26 years. I needed a recharge.” So he took a “gap year”, from July 2011 to June 2012, to explore things like ancient buildings, antique restoration, archaeology and traditional Eastern medicine, in locations including Alaska, Nepal and Romania.“Taking a break from work is an excellent way for adults to go into a new career or refresh an old one,” said Holly Bull, president of Princeton, N, J. “In recent years, mid-career breaks have been gaining more interest,” she said. A report on adult gap years published this year by a market research company also described the po tential American market for gap years as a “sleeping giant.”“A gap year is a challenge for the older individual to step out of a comfort zone and take a risk. I enjoyed that side most.” said Dr. Sinar, who kept a daily blog about his experience. His time studying Eastern medicine “assured the reasons I went into health care,” said Dr. Sinar, who returned to practice medicine at his old job, although he works fewer days. “I use those experiences to provide my patients with more care,” he added. “And I liste n better than I did before.”George Garritan, chairman of the Department of Leadership and Human Capital Management at New York University, certainly agrees with Dr. Sinar. He said a gap-year experience could be worthwhile for employees and companies. For employees, investing in themselves and improving skill sets is a move that will benefit throughout their career. He added that returning employees feel refreshed and have given more thought to their career. For companies, offering unpaid leaves makes good sense for attracting and keeping talented employees.66. Dr. Sinar took a gap year because he ________.A. had lost his old jobB. wanted to refresh after 26 years’ workC. had a desire for travellingD. became interested in historical research67. The phrase “sleeping giant” (in 2nd paragraph) indicates that ________.A. it’s too early for people to accept the conception of gap yearB. the effect of gap year policy remains to be seenC. it’s difficult to foresee the gap year marketD. more American people will accept the gap year policy68. What’s George Garritan’s attitude toward the “gap year”?A. Positive.B. DoubtfulC. Uninterested.D. Uncertain.69. What’s the passage mainly about?A. How an adult plans a mid-career gap year.B. Why a gap year is worthwhile for adults.C. Whether a gap year is popular with adults.D. Why a gap year is challenging for individuals.(B)Submitting Assignment OnlineIn order to upload an assignment to the system properly, you must save the assignment using one of the following applications: Microsoft Word, Corel WordPerfect, or Microsoft Excel.After you complete an assignment, it is important to save your work. This ensures that assignment being uploaded to the system is the most updated version. Your word processing program may attempt to save the assignment to a folder on your computer. We recommend creating a new folder, named after your course, in a location that is easy to remember, such as “My Documents.”File Name RequirementsSelect a file name for the assignment that is easy to remember. The file name must NOT contain spaces. Any spaces used in the file name will prevent the file from uploading to the system. File names using the extensions .rtf, .html, .zip, .jpg, or .exe are NOT allowed.Assignment Upload ProcedureWhen the file is ready to upload, follow these steps:1. Sign in the system.2. Enter your address information and click the CONTINUE button. You will be routed to the “Directions” screen.3. Review the directions and click the CO NTINUE button. You will be routed to the “Special Assignment Upload” screen.4. Click the SEARCH button. The “Choose File” window pops up.5. Find the location on your computer where you saved your assignment, and select the file.After you have selected the file, click the UPLOAD button to upload your assignment to the system. Assignment Submission DatesAssignments must be submitted by midnight on the specified due date. Submit your assignment on time so that it reaches the system on or before the due date. No late assignments will be accepted or marked. Assignments delivered after the due date will not be assessed and will be failed. Please manage your time carefully as family and work demands will not be accepted as excuses for late or non-submissions. Tutors and administrators do not have the authority to grant extensions.70. Which of the following file names is acceptable for submitting assignment?A. research paper.docB. research paper.pdfC. researchpaper.docD. researchpaper.rtf71. Students are advised to save an assignment to a specific folder in order to ________.A. sign in the systemB. remember where the document isC. choose the appropriate applicationD. remember the document name quickly72. The phrase “pops up” in the passage probably means “________”.A. appearsB. eliminatesC. scansD. browses73. If you summit your assignment after the due time, you ________.A. can have a second chanceB. should ask a tutor for helpC. may apply for an extensionD. will get a fail for the workEven in a weak job market, the old college try isn’t the answer for everyone. A briefing paper from the Brookings Institution warns that “we may have overdone the message” on college, senior fellow Isabel Sawhill said.“We’ve been telling students and their families for years that college is the only way to succeed in the economy and of course there’s a lot of truth to that,” Ms. Sawhill said. “On average it does pay off… But if you load up on a whole lot of student deb t and then you don’t graduate, that is a very bad situation.”One comment that people often repeat among the years of slow job growth has been the value of education for landing a job and advancing in a career. April’s national unemployment rate stood at 7.5%, according to the Labor Department. The unemployment rate for high-school graduates over 25 years old who hadn’t attended college was 7.4%, compared with 3.9% for those with a bachelor’s degree or more education. The difference is even bigger among those aged 16-24. The jobless rate for those with only a high school diploma in that age group is about 20%. At the same time, recent research by Canadian economists cautions that a college degree is no guarantee of promising employment.Ms. Sawhill pointed out that among the aspects that affect the value of a college education is the field of one’s major: Students in engineering or other sciences end up earning more than ones who major in the arts or education. The cost of tuition and the availability of financial aid are other considerations, with public institutions generally a better financial bargain than private ones.She suggested two ways for improving the situation: increasing vocational-technical training programs and taking a page from Europe’s fo cus on early education rather than post-secondary learning. “The European countries put a little more attention to getting people prepared in the primary grades,” she said. “Then they have a higher bar for whoever goes to college—but once you get into coll ege, you’re more likely to be highly subsidized (资助).”She also is a supporter of technical training—to teach students how to be plumbers, welders and computer programmers—because “employers are desperate” for workers with these skills.74. According to the passage, people usually think that ________.A. the cost of technical schooling is a problemB. one will not succeed without a college degreeC. technical skills are most important for landing a jobD. there is an increased competition in getting into a college75. The underlined part “taking a page from” probably means “ ________ ”A. revisingB. promotingC. definingD. adopting76. What can we infer from the passage?A. Public institutions charge more for education.B. European universities are stricter with students.C. Students with certain skills are in great demand.D. Canadian students prefer to major in engineering.77. Ms. Sawhill may probably agree that ________.A. too much stress has been put on the value of college degreesB. technical training is more important than college educationC. a college degree will ensure promising employmentD. it’s easier for art students to find favorite jobs41. E 42. B 43. I 44. K 45. G 46. D 47. J 48. A 49. C 50. F 51. C 52. A 53. D 54. A 55. B 56. D 57. C 58. A 59. B 60. C61. D 62. B 63. C 64. D 65. A 66. B 67. D 68. A 69.B 70. C 71. B 72. A 73. D 74. B 75. D 76. C 77. A。
雅思阅读实战练习1 General Training Reading
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海外英语
特别策划
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雅思阅读练习题(打印版)
雅思阅读练习题（打印版）题目一：环境变化对生物多样性的影响问题：1. 环境变化对生物种群的总体影响是什么？2. 为什么某些物种能够适应环境变化而其他物种则不能？3. 人类活动如何影响生物多样性？4. 保护生物多样性的措施有哪些？题目二：教育对个人发展的重要性问题：1. 教育如何影响个人的职业发展？2. 教育对于社会经济发展的作用是什么？3. 为什么终身学习是现代社会的一个重要趋势？4. 教育不平等问题如何解决？题目三：城市化进程中的挑战问题：1. 城市化给环境带来了哪些挑战？2. 城市化如何影响社会结构？3. 城市化进程中，政府应如何平衡经济发展与居民生活质量？4. 城市化对农村地区的影响有哪些？题目四：健康生活方式的重要性问题：1. 健康生活方式对于预防疾病的作用是什么？2. 为什么运动是健康生活方式的重要组成部分？3. 健康饮食的重要性体现在哪些方面？4. 如何克服不良生活习惯，培养健康的生活方式？题目五：科技在教育中的应用问题：1. 科技如何改变传统的教育模式？2. 在线教育与传统教育相比有哪些优势和劣势？3. 科技在教育中应用的挑战有哪些？4. 如何确保科技在教育中的有效应用？题目六：气候变化的全球影响问题：1. 气候变化对全球经济的潜在影响是什么？2. 气候变化如何影响农业和粮食安全？3. 应对气候变化的国际合作现状如何？4. 个人和社区如何参与到应对气候变化的行动中？题目七：社交媒体对人际关系的影响问题：1. 社交媒体如何改变人们的交流方式？2. 社交媒体对青少年心理健康的影响是什么？3. 社交媒体在社会运动中的作用有哪些？4. 如何平衡社交媒体的使用与现实生活的联系？题目八：旅游业对经济和文化的影响问题：1. 旅游业对当地经济的促进作用是什么？2. 旅游业如何影响文化遗产的保护？3. 旅游业对环境的负面影响有哪些？4. 可持续旅游的概念及其重要性是什么？请根据以上题目进行阅读练习，注意理解文章主旨，掌握细节信息，并能够回答相关问题。
如何提高雅思阅读能力
如何提高雅思阅读能力雅思考试是国际留学生最常用的英语水平测试方式，包括口语、听力、阅读和写作四个部分。
其中，阅读部分是拿到高分最为困难的一个。
许多人会认为只有增加词汇量才能够提高阅读能力，但实际上阅读能力的提高是一个长期的积累过程。
本文将从多个方面细说如何提高雅思阅读能力。
一、阅读速度提高阅读速度是提高雅思阅读能力的重要方法。
在雅思考试中，考生需要在限时内读完很多篇文章，并做出反应。
如果阅读速度过慢，可能会导致不能完成考卷，甚至时间到了还有许多题目没做。
如何提高阅读速度呢？你可以通过练习阅读速度训练软件，如“Speed Reading”，进行反复的练习。
同时，为了提高阅读速度，需要加强单词记忆能力和理解能力，因为很多单词的意思对于理解整个文章很有帮助。
二、阅读技巧学习阅读技巧也是提高雅思阅读能力的重要方法。
在阅读文章时，考生应该学会使用草图、摘要和笔记等方法来记录文章的关键信息和理解，以帮助自己更快、更准确地回答问题。
在做题时，一个好方法是先阅读题目，然后再阅读文章，这样就能更容易找到有用的信息。
同时，注意文章中的转折点和关键词，并学会在阅读时注意题目中的时间和空间要求等细节，这也是提高阅读能力的关键。
三、阅读材料选择阅读材料也是提高雅思阅读能力的重要方法。
在备考过程中，考生需要阅读各种类型的文章，而不仅仅是相关的考试材料。
这样可以帮助他们熟悉不同类型的写作风格和语言表达习惯。
当然，为了避免阅读材料过于“难”的情况，学生可以逐渐提高自己的难度水平。
因此，在练习阅读时，需要选择一些知识面比较广，题目不会过于复杂的阅读材料，为后面的高难度材料铺垫。
四、多做模考要提高雅思阅读能力，需要多做模拟测试，学会如何管理时间和给出恰当的答案。
在开始每次练习前，先设置一定的时间限制，在这最短时间内尽可能阅读完所有文章和回答所有问题，以模拟考试的真实情况。
这样就可以训练自己的思维和决策能力，在实际考试中更快更准地完成试卷。
雅思英语阅读练习题及答案
雅思英语阅读练习题及答案：第一篇内容摘要：The failure of a high-profile cholesterol drug has thrown a spotlight on the complicated machinery that regulates cholesterol levels.★Why did a promising heart drug fail?Doomed drug highlights complications of meddling with cholesterol.1. The failure of a high-profile cholesterol drug has thrown a spotlight on the complicated machinery that regulates cholesterol levels. But many researchers remain confident that drugs to boost levels of 'good' cholesterol are still one of the most promising means to combat spiralling heart disease.2. Drug company Pfizer announced on 2 December that it was cancelling all clinical trials of torcetrapib, a drug designed to raise heart-protective high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). In a trial of 15000 patients, a safety board found that more people died or suffered cardiovascular problems after taking the drug plus a cholesterol-lowering statin than those in a control group who took the statin alone.3. The news came as a kick in the teeth to many cardiologists because earlier tests in animals and people suggested it would lower rates of cardiovascular disease. "There have been no red flags to my knowledge," says John Chapman, a specialist in lipoproteins and atherosclerosis at the National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM) in Paris who has also studied torcetrapib. "This cancellation came as a complete shock."4. Torcetrapib is one of the most advanced of a new breed of drugs designed to raise levels of HDLs, which ferry cholesterol out of artery-clogging plaques to the liver for removal from the body. Specifically, torcetrapib blocks a protein called cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), which normally transfers the cholesterol from high-density lipoproteins to low density, plaque-promoting ones. Statins, in contrast, mainly work by lowering the 'bad' low-density lipoproteins.Under pressure5. Researchers are now trying to work out why and how the drug backfired, something that will not become clear until the clinical details are released by Pfizer. One hint lies in evidence from earlier trials that it slightly raises blood pressure in some patients. It was thought that this mild problem would be offset by the heart benefits of the drug. But it is possible that it actually proved fatal in some patients who already suffered high blood pressure. If blood pressure is the explanation, it would actually be good news for drug developers because it suggests that the problems are specific to this compound. Other prototype drugs that are being developed to block CETP work in a slightly different way and might not suffer the same downfall.6. But it is also possible that the whole idea of blocking CETP is flawed, says Moti Kashyap, who directs atherosclerosis research at the VA Medical Center in Long Beach, California. When HDLs excrete cholesterol in the liver, they actually rely on LDLs for part of this process. So inhibiting CETP, which prevents the transfer of cholesterol from HDL to LDL, might actually cause an abnormal and irreversibleaccumulation of cholesterol in the body. "You're blocking a physiologic mechanism to eliminate cholesterol and effectively constipating the pathway," says Kashyap.Going up7. Most researchers remain confident that elevating high density lipoproteins levels by one means or another is one of the best routes for helping heart disease patients. But HDLs are complex and not entirely understood. One approved drug, called niacin, is known to both raise HDL and reduce cardiovascular risk but also causes an unpleasant sensation of heat and tingling. Researchers are exploring whether they can bypass this side effect and whether niacin can lower disease risk more than statins alone. Scientists are also working on several other means to bump up high-density lipoproteins by, for example, introducing synthetic HDLs. "The only thing we know is dead in the water is torcetrapib, not the whole idea of raising HDL," says Michael Miller, director of preventive cardiology at the University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore.(613 words nature)Questions 1-7This passage has 7 paragraphs 1-7.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number i-ix in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi. How does torcetrapib work?ii. Contradictory result prior to the current trialiii. One failure may possibly bring about future successiv. The failure doesn’t lead to total loss of confidenc ev. It is the right route to followvi. Why it’s stoppedvii. They may combine and theoretically produce ideal resultviii. What’s wrong with the drugix. It might be wrong at the first placeExample answerParagraph 1 iv1． Paragraph 2 vi2． Paragraph 3 ii3． Paragraph 4 vii4． Paragraph 5 ix5． Paragraph 6 viii6． Paragraph 7 ivQuestions 7-13Match torcetrapib，HDLs，statin and CETP with their functions （Questions 8-13）.. Write the correct letter A, B, C or D in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.7．It has been administered to over 10,000 subjects in a clinical trial.8．It could help rid human body of cholesterol.9．Researchers are yet to find more about it.10. It was used to reduce the level of cholesterol.11. According to Kashyap, it might lead to unwanted result if it’s blocked.12. It produced contradictory results in different trials.13. It could inhibit LDLs.List of choicesA. TorcetrapicB. HDLSC. StatinD. CETP(by Zhou Hong)Suggested Answers and Explanations1． vi2． ii3． vii 本段介绍了torcetrapib和statin的治病原理，但是同时短语“in contrast”与之前第二段后半段的内容呼应，暗示了这两种药在理论上能相辅相成，是理想的搭配。
雅思阅读考试模拟试练习题及答案解析新
雅思阅读考试模拟试练习题及答案解析盼望以下内容能够对大家的雅思备考有所关心!更多雅思报名的最新消息，最专业的雅思备考资料，我将为大家发布。
Time to cool itFrom The Economist print edition1 REFRIGERATORS are the epitome of clunky technology: solid, reliable and just a little bit dull. They have not changed much over the past century, but then they have not needed to. They are based on a robust and effective idea--draw heat from the thing you want to cool by evaporating a liquid next to it, and then dump that heat by pumping the vapour elsewhere and condensing it. This method of pumping heat from one place to another served mankind well when refrigerators' main jobs were preserving food and, as air conditioners, cooling buildings. Today's high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.2 One set of candidates are known as paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current. This effect is used in infra-red cameras. An array of tiny pieces of paraelectric material can sense the heat radiated by, for example, a person, and the pattern of the array's electrical outputs can then be used to construct an image. But until recently no one had bothered much with the inverse of this process. That inverse exists, however. Apply an appropriate current to a paraelectric material and it will cool down.3 Someone who is looking at this inverse effect is Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film,he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications.4 As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges and air conditioners. The real money, though, may be in cooling computers.5 Gadgets containing microprocessors have been getting hotter for a long time. One consequence of Moore's Law, which describes the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 18 months, is that the amount of heat produced doubles as well. In fact, it more than doubles, because besides increasing in number, the components are getting faster. Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output. And the frequency has doubled a lot. The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second. The Pentium 4--the last "single-core" desktop processor--clocked up 3.2 billion cycles a second.6 Disposing of this heat is a big obstruction to further miniaturisation and higher speeds. The innards of a desktop computer commonly hit 80℃. At 85℃, they stop working. Tweaking the processor's heat sinks (copper or aluminium boxes designed to radiate heat away) has reached its limit. So has tweaking the fans that circulate air over those heat sinks. And the idea of shifting from single-core processors to systems that divided processing power between first two, and then four, subunits, in order to spread the thermal load, also seems to have the endof the road in sight.7 One way out of this may be a second curious physicalphenomenon, the thermoelectric effect. Like paraelectric materials, this generates electricity from a heat source and produces cooling from an electrical source. Unlike paraelectrics, a significant body of researchers is already working on it.8 The trick to a good thermoelectric material is a crystal structure in which electrons can flow freely, but the path of phonons--heat-carrying vibrations that are larger than electrons--is constantly interrupted. In practice, this trick is hard to pull off, and thermoelectric materials are thus less efficient than paraelectric ones (or, at least, than those examined by Dr Mischenko). Nevertheless, Rama Venkatasubramanian, of Nextreme Thermal Solutions in North Carolina, claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10℃. Ali Shakouri, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, says his are even smaller--so small that they can go inside the chip.9 The last word in computer cooling, though, may go to a system even less techy than a heat pump--a miniature version of a car radiator. Last year Apple launched a personal computer that is cooled by liquid that is pumped through little channels in the processor, and thence to a radiator, where it gives up its heat to the atmosphere. To improve on this, IBM's research laboratory in Zurich is experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel--the part where the heat exchange takes place. In the future, therefore, a combination of microchannels and either thermoelectrics or paraelectrics might cool computers. The old, as it were, hand in hand with the new.(830 words)Questions 1-5Complete each of the following statements with the scientist or company name from the box below.Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.A. AppleB. IBMC. IntelD. Alex MischenkoE. Ali ShakouriF. Rama Venkatasubramanian1. ...and his research group use paraelectric film available from the market to produce cooling.2. ...sold microprocessors running at 60m cycles a second in 1993.3. ...says that he has made refrigerators which can cool the hotspots of computer chips by 10℃.4. ...claims to have made a refrigerator small enough to be built intoa computer chip.5. ...attempts to produce better cooling in personal computers by stirring up liquid with tiny jets to make sure maximum heat exchange.Questions 6-9Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?In boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage6. Paraelectric materials can generate a current when electrodes are attached to them.7. Dr. Mischenko has successfully applied his laboratory discovery to manufacturing more efficient referigerators.8. Doubling the frequency of logical operations inside a microprocessor doubles the heat output.9. IBM will achieve better computer cooling by combining microchannels with paraelectrics.Question 10Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in box 10 on your answer sheet.10. Which method of disposing heat in computers may have a bright prospect?A. Tweaking the processors?heat sinks.B. Tweaking the fans that circulate air over the processor抯heat sinks.C. Shifting from single-core processors to systems of subunits.D. None of the above.Questions 11-14Complete the notes below.Choose one suitable word from the Reading Passage above for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.Traditional refrigerators use...11...pumps to drop temperature. At present, scientists are searching for other methods to produce refrigeration, especially in computer microprocessors....12...materials have been tried to generate temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. ...13...effect has also been adopted by many researchers to cool hotspots in computers. A miniature version of acar ...14... may also be a system to realize ideal computer cooling in the future.Key and Explanations:1. DSee Paragraph 3: ...Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops...2. CSee Paragraph 5: The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second.3. FSee Paragraph 8: ...Rama Venkatasubramanian, of Nextreme Thermal Solutions in North Carolina, claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10℃.4. ESee Paragraph 8: Ali Shakouri, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, says his are even smaller梥o small that they can go inside the chip.5. BSee Paragraph 9: To improve on this, IBM's research laboratory in Zurich is experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel--the part where the heat exchange takes place.6. TRUESee Paragraph 2: ...paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current.7. FALSESee Paragraph 3 (That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications. ) and Paragraph 4 (As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges?8. FALSESee Paragraph 5: Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output.9. NOT GIVENSee Paragraph 9: In the future, therefore, a combination of microchannels and either thermoelectrics or paraelectrics might cool computers.10. DSee Paragraph 6: Tweaking the processor's heat sinks ?has reached its limit. So has tweaking the fans that circulate air over those heat sinks. And the idea of shifting from single-core processors to systems?also seems to have the end of the road in sight.11. heatSee Paragraph 1: Today's high-tech world, however, demandshigh-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.12. paraelectricSee Paragraph 3: Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded.13. thermoelectricSee Paragraph 7: ...the thermoelectric effect. Like paraelectricmaterials, this generates electricity from a heat source and produces cooling from an electrical source. Unlike paraelectrics, a significant body of researchers is already working on it.14. radiatorSee Paragraph 9: The last word in computer cooling, though, may go to a system even less techy than a heat pump--a miniature version of a car radiator.文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
雅思阅读试题练习与答案全解析
雅思阅读试题练习与答案全解析一、练习题阅读Passage 1：阅读以下段落，回答问题1-5。
1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The advantages of the Internet.B. The disadvantages of the Internet.C. The impact of the Internet on society.D. The history of the Internet.2. According to the passage, which of the following is a problem caused by the widespread adoption of the Internet?A. Environmental pollution.B. Privacy issues.C. Economic growth.D. Educational improvement.3. Why does the Internet lead to social isolation?A.因为它改变了人们的交流方式B.因为它使人们更容易获取信息C.因为它促进了全球连接D.因为它提供了更多的娱乐方式4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Privacy issues.B. The spread of misinformation.C. Social isolation.D. Education inequality.5. In the author's opinion, how should people use the Internet responsibly?A. They should limit their online activities to protect their privacy.B. They should only consume information from trusted sources.C. They should spend more time on social media to stay connected.D. They should use the Internet as an educational tool to enhance their knowledge.阅读Passage 2：阅读以下段落，回答问题6-10。
雅思阅读TFNG模拟试题含答案
雅思阅读T/F/NG模拟试题含答案(1)True／False／Not Given ExercisesWhen was the last time you saw a frog? Chances are, if you live in a city, you have not seen one for some time. Even in wet areas once teeming with frogs and toads, it is BEComing less and less easy to find those slimy, hopping and sometimes poisonous members of the animal kingdom. All over the world, and even in remote parts of Australia, frogs are losing the ecological battle for survival, and biologists are at a loss to explain their demise. Are amphibians simply oversensitive to changes in the ecosystem? Could it be that their rapid decline in numbers is signaling some coming environmental disaster for us all? This frightening scenario is in part the consequence of a dramatic increase over the last quarter century in the development of once natural areas of wet marshland; home not only to frogs but to all manner of wildlife. However, as yet, there are no obvious reasons why certain frog species are disappearing from rainforests in Australia that have barely been touched by human hand. The mystery is unsettling to say the least, for it is known that amphibian species are extremely sensitive to environmental variations in temperature and moisture levels. The danger is that planet Earth might not only lose a vital link in the ecological food chain (frogs keep populations of otherwise pestilent insects at manageable levels), but we might be increasing our output of air pollutants to levels that may have already become irreversible. Frogs could be inadvertently warning us of a catastrophe.An example of a species of frog that, at far as is known, has become extinct, is the platypus frog. Like the well-known Australian mammal it was named after, it exhibited some very strange behaviour; instead of giving birth to tadpoles in the water, it raised its young within its stomach. The baby frogs were actually born from out of their mother's mouth. Discovered in 1981, less than ten years later the frog had completely vanished from the crystal clear waters of Booloumba Creek near Queensland's SunshineCoast. Unfortunately, this freak of nature is not the only frog species to have been lost in Australia. Since the 1970s, no less than eight others have suffered the same fate.One theory that seems to fit the facts concerns the depletion of the ozone layer, a well documented phenomenon which has led to a sharp increase in ultraviolet radiation levels.The ozone layer is meant to shield the Earth from UV rays, but increased radiation may be having a GREater effect upon frog populations than previously believed. Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are upsetting the breeding cycles of frogs.TRUE／FALSE／NOT GIVEN1.Frogs are disappearing only from city areas.2.Frogs and toads are usually poisonous.3.Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying.4.The frogs' natural habitat is becoming more and more developed.5.Attempts are being madebecause they control pests.7.The platypus frog became extinct by 1991.8.Frogs usually give birth to their young in an underwater nest.9.Eight frog species have become extinct so far in Australia.10.There is convincing evidence that the ozone layer is being depleted.11.It is a fact that frogs' breeding cycles are upset by worldwide in creases in temperature.Answer Keys1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.NG 6.T 7.T 8.NG 9.F 10.T 11.F雅思阅读T/F/NG模拟试题含答案(2)Practice 2Almost everyone with or without a computer is aware of the latest technological revolution destined to change forever the way in which humans communicate, namely, the Information Superhighway, best exemplified by the ubiquitous Internet. Already, millions of people around the world are linked by computer simply by having a modem and an address on the `Net', in much the same way that owning a telephone links us to almost anyone who pays a phone bill. In fact, since the computer connections are made via the phone line, the Internet can be envisaged as a network of visual telephone links. It remains to seen in which direction the Information Superhighway is headed, but many believeit is the educational hope of the future.The World Wide Web, an enormous collection of Internet addresses or sites, all of which can be accessed for information, has been mainly responsible for the increase in interest in the Internet in the 1990s. Before the World Wide Web, the `Net' was comparable to an integrated collection of computerized typewriters, but the introduction of the `Web' in 1990 allowed not only text links to be made but also graphs, images and even video.A Web site consists of a `home page', the first screen of a particular site on the computer to which you are connected, from where access can be had to other subject related `pages'(or screens) at the site and on thousands of other computers all over the world. This is achieved by a process called `hypertext'. By clicking with a mouse device on various parts of the screen, a person connected to the `Net' can go traveling, or surfing' through a of the screen, a person connected to the `Net' can go traveling, or `surfing' through a web of pages to locate whatever information is required.Anyone can set up a site; promoting your club, your institution, your company's products or simply yourself, is what the Web and the Internet is all about. And what is more, information on the Internet is not owned or controlled by any one organization. It is, perhaps, true to say that no one and therefore everyone owns the `Net'. BECause of the relative freedom of access to information, the Internet has often been criticised by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users. This perception has proved to be largely false however,for the dual purposes for which it was intended - discovery and delight.TRUE／FALSE／NOT GIVEN1.Everyone is aware of the Information Superhighway.ing the Internet costs the owner of a telephone extra money.3.Internet computer connections are made by using telephone lines.4.The World Wide Web is a network of computerised typewriters.5.According to the author, the Information Superhighway may be the future hope of education.6.The process called`hypertext'requires the use of a mouse device.7.The Internet was created in the 1990s.8.The `home page'is the first screen of a `Web'site on the `Net'.9.The media has often criticised the Internet because it is dangerous.10. The latest technological revolution will change the way humans communicate.Answer Keys1.F2.NG3.T4.F5.T6.T7.F8.T9.F 10.T。
强化班补充材料
强化班补充材料雅思阅读补充材料T/F/NG 专项练习1．原文：It is almost impossible to write of the Arts in Australia without mentioning the building that first put Australia firmly on the world cultural map－the Sydney Opera House.题目：The Opera House drew world attention to the Arts in Australia.2．原文：The Opera House was designed not by an Australian but by a celebrated Danish architect, Jorn Utzon, whose design won an international competition in the late1950s. Its distinctive and highly original shape has been likened to everything fromthe sails of a sailing ship to broken eggshells, but few would argue with the claim thatthe Opera House is a major contribution to world architecture.题目：Utzon designed the roof to look like the sails of a sailing ship.3. 原文：Set amidst the graceful splendor of Sydney Harbour, presiding like a queen over thebustle and brashness of a modern city striving to forge a financial reputation in atough commercial world, it s a reminder to all Australians of their deep and abidinglove of all things cultural.题目：According to the author, Sydney is a quiet and graceful city.4. 原文：Utzon left the country before completing the project and in a fit of anger vowed never toreturn.题目：Utzon never returned to Australia to see the completed building.5. 原文：The Queen officially opened the building in 1975 and since the, within its curved andtwisted walls, audiences of all nationalities have been quick to acclaim the manyworld-class performances of stars from the Australian opera, ballet and theatre.题目：Australian artists give better performances in the Opera House.6. 原文：Chances are, if you live in a city, you have not seen one for some time. Even in wet areasonce teeming with frogs and toads, it is becoming less and less easy to find those slimy,hopping and sometimes poisonous members of the animal kingdom.题目：Frogs are disappearing only from city areas.7. 原文：All over the world, and even in remote parts of Australia, frogs are losing the ecologicalbattle for survival, and biologists are at a loss to explain their demise.题目：Biologists are unable to explain why frogs are dying.8. 原文：The danger is that planet Earth might not only lose a vital link in the ecological foodchain (frogs keep populations of otherwise pestilen t insects at manageable levels)…题目：Frogs are important in the ecosystem because they control pests.9. 原文：It exhibited some very strange behaviour; instead of giving birth to tadpoles in the water,it raised its young within its stomach. The baby frogs were actually born from out oftheir mother's mouth.题目：Frogs usually give birth to their young in an underwater nest.10. 原文：Unfortunately, this freak of nature is not the only frog species to have been lost in题目：Eight frog species have become extinct so far in Australia.11. 原文：Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are upsetting the breedingcycles of frogs.题目：It is a fact that frogs' breeding cycles are upset by worldwide in creases in temperature.12. 原文：Because of the relative freedom of access to information, the Internet has often beencriticized by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young computerusers.题目：The media has often criticized the Internet because it is dangerous.13. 原文：In fact, it would be true to say that both Australian Labor Party and the Liberal Partyconsist of conservative, moderate and radical elements, and therefore the generalpublic is often perplexed about which party to vote for.题目：Radical groups are only found within the Labor Party.14. 原文：Welfare societies tend towards bankruptcy unless government spending is kept incheck..题目：Welfare-based societies invariably become bankrupt.15. 原文：Thus, for instance, at the last election there was the No Aircraft Noise Party, popular incertain city areas, and the Green Party, which is almost solely concerned withenvironmental issues.题目：The No-Aircraft-Noise Party is only popular in the city.16. 原文：Nowadays, without a qualification from a reputable school or university, the odds oflanding that plum job advertised in the paper are considerably shortened.题目：It is impossible these days to get a good job without a qualification from a respected institution.17. 原文：It is no secret that competition is the driving force behind the need to obtainincreasingly higher qualifications. In the majority of cases, the urge to upgrade is nolonger the result of an insatiable thirst for knowledge.题目：Most people who upgrade their qualifications do so for the joy of learning.18. 原文：Naturally, although there is agreement that learning can cause stress, Gatsby'scomments regarding university standards have been roundly criticised as alarmist bymost educationists who point out that, by any standard of measurement, Australia'seducation system overall, at both secondary and tertiary levels, is equal to that of anyin the world.题目：Australia's education system is equal to any in the world in the opinion of most educationists.19. 原文：Wealthy parents have always been willing to spend the vast amounts of extra moneynecessary to send their children to schools with a perceived educational edge.题目：Some parents spend extra on their children's education because of the prestige attached to certain schools20.原文：For example, it has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihoodof arrest only if responses are in the order of 1-2 minutes after a call is received by thepolice. When response times increase to 3-4 minutes, still quite a rapid response, thelikelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced.题目：A response delay of 1-2 minutes may have substantial influence on whether or not a suspected criminal is caught.21. 原文：Booking in advance is strongly recommended as all Daybreak tours are subject todemand. Subject to availability, stand by tickets can be purchased from the driver.题目：Tickets must be bought in advance from an authorized Daybreak agent.22. 原文：In Sydney, a vast array of ethnic and local restaurants can be found to suit all palatesand pockets.题目：There is now a greater variety of restaurants to choose from in Sydney than in the past.23. 原文：Of the 26 species that are known to have become successful integrated into the local.题目：At least twenty-six of the introduced species have become established in Australia. 24. 原文：In the clash between environmentalists and developers, the Indians, whose presence isin fact crucial to the survival of the forest, have suffered the most.题目：The indigenous Amazonian Indians are necessary to the well-being of the forest.25. 原文：Los Angeles has some of the world’s cleanest cars－far better than those of Europe－but the t otal number of miles those cars drive continue to grow.题目：Residents of Los Angeles are now tending to reduce the yearly distances they travel by car.26. 原文：According to Company Clothing magazine, there are 1000 companies supplying thework wear and corporate clothing market. Of these, 22% account for 85% of totalsales-＄380 million in 1994题目：Most businesses that supply company clothing are successful.27. 原文：Most people think of the cultures represented in the collection in terms of the absenceof advanced technology. In fact, traditional practices draw on a continuing wealth oftechnological ingenuity.题目：Traditional societies are highly inventive in terms of technology.28. 原文：Singapore has for a while had a scheme that forces drivers to buy a badge if they withto visit a certain part of the city. Singapore is advancing in this direction, with acity-wide network of transmitters to collect information and charge drivers as theypass certain points. When the local government in Cambridge, England, consideredintroducing Singaporean techniques, it faced vocal and ultimately successfulopposition.题目：Charging drivers for entering certain parts of the city has been successfully done in Cambridge, England.29. 原文：With declining birthrates and an anticipated shortage of new entrants to thework force, early retirement will become an issue for organizations toexplore in more detail .题目：Organizations need to examine in more detail the effects of a declining birthrate 30. 原文：They hunted by preference whales ,walruses, caribou and seals, although polar bears,birds and any other edible animal might be taken in a pinch, The Arctic has very littleedible vegetation, although Inuit did supplement their diet with seaweed.题目：Inuit hunters prefer to eat walruses and birds.Answer keys:1-10 T F F NG NG F T T NG F11-20 F F F F NG F F T NG T21-30 F NG T T F F T F F FList of Headings 补充练习Exercise 1Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.1. Section A2. Section B3. Section C4. Section D5. Section E6. Section F7. Section GUnderstanding Bee BehaviourAA bee’s brain is the size of a grass seed, yet in this tiny brain are encoded some of the most complex and amazing behavioural patterns witnessed outside humankind. For bees are arguably the only animals apart from humans which have their own language. Earlier this century Karl V on Frisch, a professor of Zoology at Munich University, spent decades of “the purest joy of discovery” unraveling the mysteries of bee behaviour. For his astonishing achievements he was awarded the Nobel Prize and it is from His work that most of today’s knowledge of what bees say to each other derives.B.It started simply enough. Von Frisch knew from experiments by an earlier researcher that if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to find it but, once they had done so, within the hour, hundreds of other bees would be eagerly taking the syrup. Von Frisch realized that, in some way, messages were being passed on back at the hive, messages which said, ‘out there, at this spot, you’re going to find food.’CBut how was it happening? To watch the bees, V on Frisch constructed a glass-sided hive. He found that, once the scout bees arrived back at the hive, they would perform one of three dance types. In the first type, a returning scout scampered in circles, alternating to right and left, stopping occasionally to regurgitate food samples to the excited bees chasing after her. In the second dance, clearly and extended version of this round dance, she performed a sickle-shaped figure-of-eight pattern instead. In the third, distinctly different dance, she started by running a short distance in a straight line, waggling her body from side to side, and returning in a semi-circle to the starting point before repeating the process. She also stopped from time to time to give little bits of food to begging bees. Soon the others would excitedly leave the hive in search of food. Minutes later, many of them, marked by V on Frisch, could be seen eating at the bowls of sugar syrup.DExperimenting further, V on Frisch unraveled the mystery of the first two related types, the roundand the sickle dances. These dances, he concluded, told the bees simply that, within quite short distances of the hive there was a food source worth chasing. The longer and more excitedly the scout danced, the richer the promise of the food source. The scent she carried in her samples and on her body was a message to the other bees that this particular food was the one they were looking for. The others would then troop out of the hive and fly in spiraling circles ‘sniffing’ in the wind for the promised food.EAt first, Von Frisch thought the bees were responding only to the scent of the food. But what did the third dance mean? And If bees were responding only to the scent, how could they also ‘sniff down’ food hundreds of metres away from the hive, food which was sometimes downwind? On a hunch, he started gradually moving the feeding dish further and further away and noticed as he did so, that the dances of the returning scout bees also started changing. If he placed the feeding dish over nine metres away, the second type of dance, the sickle version, came into play. But once he moved it past 36 metres, the scouts would then start dancing the third, quite different, waggle dance.The measurement of the actual distance too, he concluded, was precise. For example, a deeding dish 300 metres away was indicated by 15 complete runs through the pattern in 30 seconds. When the dish was moved to 60 metres away, the number dropped to 11.FV on Frisch noted something further. When the scout bees came home to tell their sisters about the food source, sometimes they would dance outside on the horizontal entrance platform of the hive, and sometimes on the vertical wall inside. And, depending on where they danced, the straight portion of the waggle dance would point in different directions. The outside dance was fairly easy to decode: the straight portion of the dance pointed directly to the food source, so the bees would merely have to decode the distance message and fly off in that direction to find their food.GBut studying the dance on the inner wall of the hive, V on Frisch discovered a remarkable method which the dancer used to tell her sisters the direction of the food in relation to the sun. When inside the hive, the dancer cannot use the sun, so she uses gravity instead. The direction of the sun is represented by the top of the hive wall. If she runs straight up, this means that the feeding place is in the same direction as the sun. However, if, for example, the feeding place is 40° to the left of the sun, then the dancer would run 40° to the left of the vertical line. This was to be the first of von Frisch’s remarkable discoveries. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable discoveries. Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about how bees communicate and, in doing so, revolutionize the study of animal behaviour.Answer Keys:1. Section A VI2. Section B IV3. Section C X4. Section D VIII5. Section E VII6. Section F II7. Section G VExercise 2Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B-E and G from the list of heading below. Write the appropriate numbers (i-x) in boxes 12-16 on your answer sheet.2. Paragraph C3. Paragraph DPEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS: THE SELECTION ISSUEA In 1991, according to the Department of Trade and Industry, a record 48,000 British companies went out of business. When businesses fail, the post-mortem analysis is traditionally undertaken by accountants and market strategists. Unarguably organisations do fail because of undercapitalisation, poor financial management, adverse market conditions etc. Yet, conversely, organisations with sound financial backing, good product ideas and market acumen often underperform and fail to meet shareholders' expectations. The complexity, degree and sustainment of organisational performance requires an explanation which goes beyond the balance sheet and the "paper conversion" of financial inputs into profit making outputs. A more complete explanation of "what went wrong" necessarily must consider the essence of what an organisation actually is and that one of the financial inputs, the most important and often the most expensive, is people.B An organisation is only as good as the people it employs. Selecting the right person for the job involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting the candidate who is most likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and predisposition to acquire them. This is a purely person/skills match approach to selection.C Work invariably takes place in the presence and/or under the direction of others, in a particular organisational setting. The individual has to "fit" in with the work environment, with other employees, with the organisational climate, style or work, organisation and culture of the organisation. Different organisations have different cultures (Cartwright & Cooper, 1991; 1992). Working as an engineer at British Aerospace will not necessarily be a similar experience to working in the same capacity at GEC or Plessey.D Poor selection decisions are expensive. For example, the costs of training a policeman areabout £ 20,000 (approx. US$ 30,000). The costs of employing an unsuitable technician on an oil rig or in a nuclear plant could, in an emergency, result in millions of pounds of damage or loss of life. The disharmony of a poor person-environment fit (PE-fit) is likely to result in low job satisfaction, lack of organisational commitment and employee stress, which affect organisational outcomes i.e. productivity, high labour turnover and absenteeism, and individual outcomes i.e. physical, psychological and mental well-being.E However, despite the importance of the recruitment decision and the range of sophisticated and more objective selection techniques available, including the use of psychometric tests, assessment centres etc., many organisations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis of a single 30 to 45 minute unstructured interview. Indeed, research has demonstrated that a selection decision is often made within the first four minutes of the interview. In the remaining time, the interviewer then attends exclusively to information that reinforces the initial "accept" or "reject" decision. Research into the validity of selection methods has consistently demonstrated that the unstructured interview, where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes, is a poor predictor of future job performance and fares little better that more controversial methods like graphology and astrology. In times of high unemployment,! recruitment becomes a "buyer's market" and this was the case in Britain during the 1980s.F The future, we are told, is likely to be different. Detailed surveys of social and economic trends in the European community show that Europe's population is falling and getting older, The birth rate in the Community is now only three-quarters of the level needed to ensure replacement of the existing population. By the year 2020, it is predicted that more than one in four Europeans will be aged 60 or more and barely one in five will be under 20. In a five-year period between 1983 and 1988 the Community's female workforce grew by almost six million. As a result, 51% of all women aged 14 to 64 are now economically active in the labour market compared with 78% of men.G The changing demographics will not only affect selection ratios. They will also make it increasingly important for organisations wishing to mainta in their competitive edge to be more responsive and accommodating to the changing needs of their workforce if they are to retain and develop their human resources. More flexible working hours, the opportunity of work from home or job share, the provision of childcare facilities etc., will play a major role in attracting and retaining staff in the future.Questions 6-11Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2In boxes 17-22 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agrees with the writerNO if the statement does not agree with the writerNOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage6. Organisations should recognise that their employees are a significant part of theirfinancial assets.7. Open-structured 45 minute interviews are the best method to identify suitable employees.8. The rise in the female workforce in the European Community is a positive trend.9. Graphology is a good predictor of future fob performance.10. In the future, the number of people in employable age groups will decline.11. In 2020, the percentage of the population under 20 will be smaller than now.1. IV2. VIII3. V4. III5. I6. YES7. NO8. NG9. NO 10. YES 11. YESSummary 补充练习Exercise AA commonly drawn distinction is between pre-history, i.e. the period before written record s- and history in the narrow sense, meaning the study of the past using written evidence. To archaeology, which studies all cultures and periods, whether with or without writing, the distinction between history and pre-history is a convenient dividing line that recognizes the importance of the written word, but in no way lessens the importance of the useful information contained in oral histories.Since the aim of archaeology is the understanding of humankind, it is a humanistic study, and since it deals with the human past, it is a historical discipline. But if differs from the study of written history in a fundamental way. The material the archaeologist finds does not tell us directly what to think. Historical records make statements, offer opinions and pass judgements. The objects the archaeologists discover, on the other hand, tell us nothing directly in themselves. In this respect, the practice of the archaeologist is rather like that of the scientist, who collects data, conducts experiments, formulates a hypothesis, tests the hypothesis against more data, and then, in conclusion, devises a model that seems best to summarise the pattern observed in the data. The archaeologist has to develop a picture of the past, just as the scientist has to develop a coherent view of the natural world.Complete the summary of the two paragraphs. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Much of the work of archaeologists can be done using written records but they find ___1_____ equally valuable. The writer describes archaeology as both a __2____ and a ___3_____. However, as archaeologists do not try to influence human behaviour, the writer compares their style of working to that of a ___4____.Exercise BA representative sample of language, compiled for the purpose of linguistic analysis, is known as a corpus. A corpus enables the linguist to make unbiased statements about frequency of usage, and it provides accessible data for the use of different researchers. Its range and size are variable. Some corpora attempt to cover the language as a whole, taking extracts from many kinds of text; others are extremely selective, providing a collection of material that deals only with a particular linguistic feature. The size of the corpus depends on practical factors, such as the time available to collect, process and store the data: it can take up to several hours to provide an accurate transcription of a few minutes of speech. Sometimes a small sample of data will be enough to decide a linguistic hypothesis; by contrast, corpora in major research projects can total millions of words. An important principle is that all corpora, whatever their size, are inevitably limited in their coverage, and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of nativespeakers of the language, through either introspection or experimentation.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the paragraphA linguist can use a corpus to comment objectively on ___5_____. Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a ___6____. The length of time the process takes will affect the ___7____ of the corpus. No corpus can ever cover the whole language and so linguists often find themselves relying on the additional information that can be gained from the ___8____ of those who speak the language concerned.Exercise CWe have found that the blind understand other kinds of visual metaphors as well. One blind woman drew a picture of a child inside a heart- choosing that symbol, she said, to show that love surrounded the child. With Chang Hong Liu, a doctoral student from China, I have begun exploring how well blind people understand the symbolism behind shapes such as hearts that do not directly represent their meaning.We gave a list of twenty pairs of words to sighted subjects and asked them to pick from each pair the term that best related to a circle and the term that best related to a square. For example, we asked: What goes with soft? A circle or a square? Which shape goes with hard?All our subjects deemed the circle soft and the square hard. A full 94% ascribed happy to the circle, instead of sad. But other pairs revealed less agreement: 79% matched fast to slow and weak to strong, respectively. And only 51% linked deep to circle and shallow to square. When we tested four totally blind volunteers using the same list, we found that their choices closely resembled those made by the sighted subjects. One man, who had been blind since birth, scored extremely well. He made only one match differing from the consensus, assigning ‘far’ to square and ‘near’ to circle. In fact, only a small majority of sighted subjects-53%- had paired far and near to the opposite partners. Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do. Complete the summary below using words from the box.NB Y ou may use any word more than once.A set of word __9___ was used to investigate whether blind and sighted people perceived the symbolism in abstract __10___ in the same way. Subjects were asked which word fitted best with a circle and which with a square. From the _11___ volunteers, everyone thought a circle fitted ‘soft’ while a square fitted ‘hard’. However, only 51% of the __12__volunteers assigned a circle to __13__. When the test was later repeated with __14_volunteers, it was found that they madeExcersise A1. oral histories2. humanistic study3. historical discipline4. scientistExersise B5. frequency of usage6. particular linguistic feature7. size8. intuitionsExersise C9. pairs 10. shapes 11. sighted 12. sighted 13. deep 14. blind 15. similarMatching 补充练习Why some women cross the finish line ahead of menA Women who apply for jobs in middle or senior management have a higher success rate than men, according to an employment survey. But of course far fewer of them apply for these positions. The study, by recruitment consultants NB Selection shows that while one in six men who appear on interview shortlists get jobs, the figure rises to one in four for women.B The study concentrated on applications for management positions in the $ 45,000 to $110,000 salary range and found that women are more successful than men in both the private and public sectors. Dr Elisabeth Marx from London-based NB Selection described the findings as encouraging for women , in that they send a positive message to them to apply for interesting management positions. But she added, “We should not lose sight of the fact that significantly fewer women apply for senior positions in comparison with men.”C Reasons for higher success rates among women are difficult to isolate. One explanation suggested is that if a woman candidate manages to get on a shortlist, then she has probably already proved herself to be an exceptional candidate. Dr Marx said that when women apply for positions they tend to be better qualified than their male counterparts but are more selective and conservative in their job search. Women tend to research thoroughly before applying for positions or attending interviews. Men, on the other hand, seem to rely on their ability to sell themselves and to convince employers that any shortcomings they have will not prevent them from doing a good job.D Managerial and executive progress made by women is confirmed by the annual survey of boards of directors carried out by Korn/Ferry/Carre/Orban International. This year the survey shows a doubling of the number of women serving as non-executive directors compared with the previous year. However, progress remains painfully slow and there were still only 18 posts filled by women out of a total of 354 non-executive positions surveyed. Hilary Sears, a partner with Korn/Ferry, said , “Women have raised the level of grades we are employed in but we have still not broken through barriers to the top.”E In Europe a recent feature of corporate life in the recession has been the de-layering of management structures. Sears said that this had halted progress for women in as much as de-layering has taken place either where women are working or in layers they aspire to. Sears also noted a positive trend from the recession, which has been the growing number of women who have started up on their own.F in business as a whole, there are a number of factors encouraging the prospect of greater equality in the workforce. Demographic trends suggest that the number of women going into employment is steadily increasing. In addition a far greater number of women are now passing through higher education, making them better qualified to move into management positions.G Organisation such as the European Women’s Mangement development Network provide a range of opportunities for women to enhance their skills and contacts. Through a series of both。
雅思阅读理解高分特训100篇【命题分析+答题攻略+强化训练】（1-2节）【圣才出品】
雅思阅读理解高分特训100篇【命题分析+答题攻略+强化训练】（1-2节）【圣才出品】第1节雅思阅读判断题（Reading Passage1-20）◆Reading Passage1People and Organizations:The Selection IssueIn1991,according to the Department of Trade and Industry,a record48000British companies went out of business.When businesses fail,the post-mortem analysis is traditionally undertaken by accountants and market strategists.Unarguably organizations do fail because of undercapitalization,poor financial management, adverse market conditions etc.Yet,conversely,organizations with sound financial backing,good product ideas and market acumen often underperform and fail to meet shareholders’expectations.The complexity,degree and sustainment of organizational performance requires an explanation which goes beyond the balance sheet and the“paper conversion”of financial inputs into profit making outputs.A more complete explanation of“what went wrong”necessarily must consider the essence of what an organization actually is and that one of the financial inputs,the most important and often the most expensive,is people.An organization is only as good as the people it employs.Selecting the right person for the job involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills, educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting the candidate who is most likely to possess these skills or at least isperceived to have the ability and predisposition to acquirethem.This is a purely person-skills match approach to selection.Work invariably takes place in the presence and/or under the direction of others,in a particular organizational setting.The individual has to“fit”in with the work environment,with other employees,with the organizational climate,style of work, organization and culture of the organization.Different organizations have different cultures(Cartwright&Cooper,1991;1992).Working as an engineer at British Aerospace will not necessarily be a similar experience to working in the same capacity at GEC or Plessey.Poor selection decisions are expensive.For example,the costs of training a policeman are about ￡20000(/doc/549789468.html,$30000).Th e costs of employing an unsuitable technician on an oil rig or in a nuclear plant could,in an emergency, result in millions of pounds of damage or loss of life.The disharmony of a poor person-environment fit(PE-fit)is likely to result in low job satisfaction,lack of organizational commitment and employee stress,which affect organizational outcomes i.e.productivity,high labor turnover and absenteeism,and individual outcomes i.e.physical,psychological and mental well-being.However,despite the importance of the recruitment decision and the range ofsophisticated and more objective selection techniques available,including the use of psychometric tests,assessment centers etc.,many organizations are still prepared to make this decision on the basis of a single30to45minute unstructured interview.Indeed,research has demonstrated that a selection decision is often made within the first four minutes of the interview.In the remaining time,the interviewer then attendsexclusively to information that reinforces the initial“accept”or“reject”decision.Research into the validity of selection methods has consistently demonstrated that the unstructured interview, where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes,is a poor predictor of future job performance and fares little better than more controversial methods like graphology and astrology.In times of high unemployment,recruitment becomes a “buyer’s market”and this was the case in Britain during the1980s.The future,we are told,is likely to be different.Detailed surveys of social and economic trends in the European Community show that Europe’s population is falling and getting older.The birth rate in the Community is now only three-quarters of the level needed to ensure replacement of the existing population.By the year2020,it is predicted that more than one in four Europeans will be aged60or more and barely one in five will be under20.In a five-year period between1983and1988the Community’s female workforce grew by almost six million.As a result,51%of all women aged14to64are now economically active in the labor market compared with78%of men.The changing demographics will not only affect selection ratios.They will also make it increasingly important for organizations wishing to maintain their competitive edge to be more responsive and accommodating to the changing needs of their workforce if they are to retain and develop their human resources.More flexible working hours,the opportunity to work from home or job share,the provision of childcare facilities etc.,will play a major role in attracting and retaining staff in the future.Questions1-7Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the Reading Passage above?WriteYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement does not agree with the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the wrier thinks about this/doc/549789468.html,anizations should recognize that their employees are a significant part of their financial assets.2.Engineers do not have to fit in with the environment of a new organization.3.Open-structured45minutes interviews are the best method to identify suitableemployees.4.The rise in the female workforce in the European Community is a positive trend.5.Astrology is a good predictor of future job performance.6.In the future,the number of people in employable age groups will decline.7.In2020,the percentage of the population under20will be smaller than now.『长难句分析』·Selecting the right person for the job involves more than identifying the essential or desirable range of skills,educational and professional qualifications necessary to perform the job and then recruiting the candidate who is most likely to possess these skills or at least is perceived to have the ability and predisposition to acquire them.分析：动名词短语Selecting the right person for the job做主语，谓语是involves，其中of skills,educational and professionalqualifications necessary to perform the job修饰名词range，而who is most likely to…to acquire them是candidate 的定语从句。
雅思英语阅读练习进步题及标准答案12
雅思英语阅读练习题及答案：第十二篇雅思英语阅读练习题及答案：第十二篇★Next Year Marks the EU's 50th Anniversary of the TreatyA.After a period of introversion and stunned self-disbelief, continental European governments will recover their enthusiasm for pan-European institution-building in 2007. Whether the European public will welcome a return to what voters in two countries had rejected so short a time before is another matter.B.There are several reasons for Europe’s recovering self-confidence. For years European economies had been lagging dismally behind America (to say nothing of Asia), but in 2006 the large continental economies had one of their best years for a decade, briefly outstripping America in terms of growth. Since politics often reacts to economic change with a lag, 2006’s improvement in economic growth will have its impact in 2007, though the recovery may be ebbing by then.C.The coming year also marks a particular point in a political cycle so regular that it almost seems to amount to a natural law. Every four or five years, European countries take a large stride towards further integration by signing a new treaty: the Maastricht treaty in 1992, the Treaty of Amsterdam in 1997, the Treaty of Nice in 2001. And in 2005 they were supposed to ratify a European constitution, laying the ground for yet more integration—until the calm rhythm was rudely shattered by French and Dutch voters. But the political impetus to sign something every four or five years has only been interrupted, not immobilised, by this setback.D.In 2007 the European Union marks the 50th anniversary of another treaty—the Treaty of Rome, its founding charter. Government leaders have already agreed to celebrate itceremoniously, restating their commitment to “ever closer union” and the basic ideals of Europ ean unity. By itself, and in normal circumstances, the EU’s 50th-birthday greeting to itself would be fairly meaningless, a routine expression of European good fellowship. But it does not take a Machiavelli to spot that once governments have signed the declaration (and it seems unlikely anyone would be so uncollegiate as to veto it) they will already be halfway towards committing themselves to a new treaty. All that will be necessary will be to incorporate the 50th-anniversary declaration into a new treaty containing a number of institutional and other reforms extracted from the failed attempt at constitution-building and—hey presto—a new quasi-constitution will be ready.E.According to the German government—which holds the EU’s agenda-setting presidency during the first half of 2007—there will be a new draft of a slimmed-down constitution ready by the middle of the year, perhaps to put to voters, perhaps not. There would then be a couple of years in which it will be discussed, approved by parliaments and, perhaps, put to voters if that is deemed unavoidable. Then, according to bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin, blithely ignoring the possibility of public rejection, the whole thing will be signed, sealed and a new constitution delivered in 2009-10. Europe will be nicely back on schedule. Its four-to-five-year cycle of integration will have missed only one beat.F.The resurrection of the European constitution will be made more likely in 2007 because of what is happening in national capitals. The European Union is not really an autonomous organisation. If it functions, it is because the leaders of the big continental countries want it to, reckoning that an active European policy will help them get done what they want to do in their own countries.G.That did not happen in 2005-06. Defensive, cynical and self-destructive, the leaders of the three largest euro-zone countries—France, Italy and Germany—were stumbling towards their unlamented ends. They saw no reason to pursue any sort of Europeanpolicy and the EU, as a result, barely functioned. But by the middle of 2007 all three will have gone, and this fact alone will transform the European political landscape. H.The upshot is that the politics of the three large continental countries, bureaucratic momentum and the economics of recovery will all be aligned to give a push towards integration in 2007. That does not mean the momentum will be irresistible or even popular. The British government, for one, will almost certainly not want to go with the flow, beginning yet another chapter in the long history of confrontation between Britain and the rest of Europe. More important, the voters will want a say. They rejected the constitution in 2005. It would be foolish to assume they will accept it after 2007 just as a result of an artful bit of tinkering.Questions 1-6Do the following statemets reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1? Write your answer in Boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.TRUE if the statemenht reflets the claims of the writer FALSE if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if it is possbile to say what the writer thinks about this1.After years’ introspection and mistrust, continental European governments will resurrect their enthusiasm for more integration in 2007.2. The European consitution was officially approved in 2005 in spite of the oppositon of French and Dutch voters.3. The Treaty of Rome , which is considered as the fundamental charter of the European Union, was signed in 1957.4.It is very unlikely that European countries will sign the declaration at the 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome.5.French government will hold the EU’s presidency and lay down the agenda during the first half of 2008.6.For a long time in hisotry, there has been confrontation between Britain and the rest of European countries.Questions 7-10Complet the following sentencces.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.Write your answer in Boxes 7-10 on your answer sheet.7. Every four or five years, European countries tend to make a rapid progress towards ___________________by signing a new treaty.8. The European constitution is supposed to ______________________for yet more integration of European Union member countries.9. The bureaucratic planners in Brussels and Berlin rashly ignore the possibility of __________________and think the new consitution will be delivered in 2009-10.10. The politics of the three large continental countries, __________________ and the economic recovery will join together to urge the integration in 2007.Questions 11-14Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.11. Which of the following statemnts is true of Euopean economic development.A. The economy of Europe developed much faster than that of Asia before 2006.B. The growth of European economy was slightly slower than that of America in 2006.C. The development of European economy are likely to slow down by 2007.D. The recovery of European economy may be considerably accelerated by 2007.12. The word “immobilised” in the last line of Section C means ___________.A. stopped completely.B. pushed strongly.C. motivated wholely.D. impeded totally.13. Which of the following statements about the treaties in European countries is NOT TRUE.A. The Maastricht Treaty was signed in 1992.B. The Treaty of Amsterdan was signed in 1997.C. The Treaty of Nice was signed in 2001.D. The Treaty of Rome was signed in 2007.14. The European constitution failed to be ratified in 2005--2006, becauseA. The leaders of France, Italy and Germany were defensive, cynical and self-destructuve..B. The voters in two countries of the Union --France and Holland rejected the constitution.C. The leaders of the EU thought that it was unneccessary to pursue any European policy.D. France, Italy and Germany are the three largest and most influential euro-zone countries.Part IINotes to the Reading Passage1. pan-Enropeanpan-: 前缀：全，总，泛pan-African 全/泛非洲的（运动）pan-Enropean全/泛欧的（机构建设）2. outstrip超越，胜过，超过，优于Material development outstripped human development”“物质的发展超过了人类的进步”3. ebb回落跌落；衰退或消减The tide is on the ebb.正在退潮。
雅思阅读练习题目及答案
雅思阅读练习题目及答案题目一Passage 1Question 1What is the main topic of the passage?- a) The benefits of exercise- b) The importance of a healthy diet- c) The effects of stress on mental health- d) The relationship between exercise and mental healthAnswer:d) The relationship between exercise and mental health题目二Passage 2Question 1According to the passage, what is the definition of sustainable development?- b) Balancing economic growth with environmental conservation.- d) Using renewable energy sources to power industries.Answer:题目三Passage 3Question 1What is the main purpose of the passage?- a) To provide historical background on the development of the internet.- b) To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of social media.- c) To explain the process of data encryption.Answer:题目四Passage 4Question 1What is the author's opinion about genetically modified foods?- a) They are safe for consumption and offer many benefits.- b) They pose significant health risks and should be avoided.- c) They have not been properly tested and their long-term effects are unknown.- d) They should be labeled clearly so consumers can make informed choices.Answer:d) They should be labeled clearly so consumers can make informed choices.题目五Passage 5Question 1What is the main idea of the passage?- a) The importance of early childhood education- b) The benefits of outdoor play for children- c) The role of parents in a child's education- d) The impact of technology on learningAnswer:b) The benefits of outdoor play for children题目六Passage 6Question 1According to the passage, what is the current state of renewable energy sources?- a) They are widely used and have replaced fossil fuels.- b) They are growing in popularity but still account for a small percentage of global energy production.- c) They are expensive and not financially viable.- d) They are causing environmental damage and should be phased out.Answer:b) They are growing in popularity but still account for a small percentage of global energy production.。
雅思阅读理解 练习reading 1
The UnderseaWorld of Sound-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Snorts, clicks, groans – tune in to the long-distance language of the ocean-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A The vast oceans of the world are dark, deep and mysterious places where eyesight counts for little as soon as you venture very far beneath the surface.B For humans, who live in a world dominated by visual stimuli, to exist in such conditions would be impossible. But for whales and dolphins that live in the ocean or, in the case of a few species, muddy rivers and estuaries, the darkness is unimportant. What is crucial to them is sound.C Sound is an efficient way to transmit and sense information, especially as it travels five times faster through water than through air. If humans shout to someone, it is unlikely that they will be heard a kilometer away. But if a whale ‘shouts’ in an ocean channel, another whale may hear it tens, if not hundreds, of kilometers away.D Whales and dolphins use sound in two ways: for communication and for echolocation. Dolphins, porpoises and toothed whales communicate through a wide variety of high-frequency sounds – pure tone whistles, pulsed squeals, screams or barks –generally at frequencies of 500Hz to 20kHz (where a hertz is a cycle per second and a kilohertz a thousand).E But as well as using sounds to communicate, toothed whales and dolphins also rely on echolocation to learn about their immediate environment, including prey that might be lurking nearby. They produce intense short broad-band pulses of sound in the ultrasonic range of between 0.25 and 220 kHz. These clicks are brief – typically less than one millisecond long- but they are repeated many times each second.1. Write two sentences that summarise the passage.2. What is the writer’s main purpose in this passage?A, to explain the function of whale and dolphin soundsB. to account for the development of underwater soundsC. to compare the sounds made by whales and dolphinsD. to give the results of his studies on underwater soundsIELTS Reading test practice ___________ Finding information in paragraphsIELTS Reading test practice ___________ Choosing headings for paragraphs Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of heading below.wily, Wired ConsumersThe Internet has empowered shoppers both online and offline.A The amount of time people spend researching, checking prices, visiting stores and seeking advice from friends tends to rise in proportion to the value of the product they are thinking of buying. A new car is one of the biggest purchases people make, and buyers typically spend four to six weeks mulling over their choices. So why are some people now walking into car showrooms and ordering a vehicle without even asking for a test drive? Or turning up at an electrical store and pointing out the washing machine they want without seeking advice from a sales assistant? Welcome to a new style of shopping shaped by the internet.B More people are buying products online, especially at peak buying periods. The total value of e-commerce transactions in the United States in the fourth quarter of 2004 reached $18 billon, a 22% increase over the same period in 2003, according to the Department of Commerce in Washington DC. But that just represents 2% of America’s total retail market and excludes services, such as online travel, the value of goods auctioned on the Internet, and the $34 billion-worth of goods that individuals trade on eBay.C If you consider the Internet’s wider influence over what people spend their money on, then the figures escalate out of sight. Some carmakers in America now find that eight out of ten of their buyers have logged on to the Internet to gather information about not just the exact vehicle they want, but also the price they are going to pay. Similarly with consumer electronics, nowadays if a customer wants to know which flat-screen TV they should buy, they are likely to start their shopping online – even though the vast majority will not complete the transaction there.D The Internet is moving the world closer to perfect product and price information. The additional knowledge it can provide makes consumers more self-assured and bold enough to go into a car dealership and refuse to bargain. As a result, the process of shopping is increasingly being divorced from the transaction itself. Consumers might surf the web at night and hit the shops during the day. Visiting bricks-and-mortar stores can provide the final confirmation that the item or group of items that they are interested in is right for them.E Far from losing trade to online merchants stores that offer the sorts of goods people find out about online can gain from this new form of consumer behaviour. This is provided they offer attractive facilities, good guarantees and low prices.F Merchants who charge too much and offer poor service, however, should beware. The same,too, for shaky manufacturers: smarter consumers know which products have a good reputation and which do not, because online they now read not only the sales blurb but also reviews from previous purchasers. And if customers are disappointed, a few clicks of the mouse will take them to places where they can let the world know.G Some companies are already adjusting their business models to take account of these trends. The stores run by Sony and Apple, for instance, are more like brand showrooms than shops. They are there for people to try out devices and to ask questions of knowledge staff. Whether the products are ultimately bought online or offline is of secondary importance. Online traders must also adjust. Amazon, for one, is rapidly turning from being primarily a bookseller to becoming a mass retailer, by letting other companies sell products on its site, rather like a marketplace. Other transformations in the retail business are bound to follow.Homework V ocabulary builderUse these words to write some sentencese.g.a. But now, I want to look at what happens when things are not proper proportion.。
雅思IELTS阅读练习题及解析
雅思IELTS阅读练习题及解析雅思（IELTS）阅读练习题及解析雅思(IELTS)阅读练习题一：单调综合症阅读段落By the mid-1960s, the situation took an alarming turn with the outbreak of four more new pests, necessitating pesticide spraying to such an extent that 50% of the financial outlay on cotton production was accounted for by pesticides. In the early 1970s, the spraying frequently reached 70 times a season as the farmers were pushed to the wall by the invasion of genetically stronger insect species.段落大意本段介绍了这种“单调综合症”发展到后期令人无法忍受的情形：每季度喷洒70次农药。
阅读笔记Mid-1960s：50% of financial outlay on cotton production——pesticidesEarly 1970s：70 times a season & invasion of genetically stronger insect species逻辑关系1. 并列(无逻辑连接词)By the mid-1960s, the situation took an alarming turn with the outbreak of four more new pests, necessitating pesticide spraying to such an extent that 50% of the financial outlay on cotton production was accounted for by pesticides.In the early 1970s, the spraying frequently reached 70 times a season as the farmers were pushed to the wall by the invasion of genetically stronger insect species.雅思(IELTS)阅读练习题二：日本的`传统教学方式阅读段落Traditional ways of teaching form the basis of the lesson and the remarkably quiet classes take their own notes of the points made and the examples demonstrated. Everyone has their own copy of the textbook supplied by the central education authority, Monbusho, as part of the concept of free compulsory education up to the age of 15. These textbooks are, on the whole, small, presumably inexpensive to produce, but well set out and logically developed. (One teacher was particularly keen to introduce colour and pictures into maths textbooks: he felt this would make them more accessible to pupils brought up in a cartoon culture.) Besides approving textbooks, Monbusho also decides the highly centralized national curriculum and how it is to be delivered.段落大意本段主要介绍了日本的传统教学方式、教科书，以及中央教育权威机构Monbusho。
雅思6.5分强化-补充练习
雅思6.5分强化-补充练习C5-T2-S4, P36, THREE WORDS AND / OR A NUMBERANTARCTICAGEOGRAPHYWorld’s highest, coldest and windiest continentMore than 31 ______ times as big as the UKMost of the area is classified as 32 ______RESEARCH STATIONSInternational teams work together33 ______ is integrated with technical supportStations contain accommodation, work areas, a kitchen, a 34 ______ and a gymSupplies were brought to Zero One station by sledge from a 35 ______ at the edge of the ice 15 km awayProblem of snow build-ups solved by building stations on 36 ______ with adjustable legsC5-T2-S4, P36, THREE WORDS AND / OR A NUMBERANTARCTICAFOOD AND DIETAverage daily requirement of an adult in Antarctica is approximately37 ______ kilocaloriesRations for field work prepared by process of freeze-drying ?RESEARCHThe most important research focuses on climate change, including ?-measuring changes in the ice-cap (because of effects on sea levels and 38 ______)-monitoring the hole in the ozone layer-analyzing air from bubbles in ice to measure 39 ______caused by human activityWORK OPPORTUNITIESMany openings for 40 ______ people including-research assistants-administrative and technical positionsNO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBERTHE GIR SANCTUARY35. The sanctuary has an area of approximately ________ square kilometres.36. One threat to the lions in the sanctuary is ________.?37. The ancestors of the Gir Sanctuary lions wereprotected by a ________.38. A large part of the lion’s ________ consists of animals belonging to local farmers.39. The lions sometimes ________, especially when water is short.40. In ancient India a man would fight a lion as a test of ________C5-T3-S4, P60NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER ?HOUSEHOLD WASTE RECYCLING ?31. By 2008, carbon dioxide emissions need to be ______ lower than in 1990.32. Recycling saves energy and reduces emission from landfill sites and ________33. People say that one problem is a lack of “________” sites for household waste.34. Glass designed to be utilized for ________ cannot be recycled with other types of glass.35. In the UK, ________ tons of glass is recycled every year.ONE WORD ONLYThe School of Education LibrariesThe libraries on both sites provide internet access and have a variety of 21 ______ materials on education.?The Castle Road library has books on sociology, together with 22 ______ and other resources relevant to the majority of 23 ______ school subjects.The Fordham library includes resources for teaching in 24 ______ education and special needs.Current issues of periodicals are available at both libraries, although 25 ______ issues are only available at Fordham.C6-T1-S3, P14 TWO WORDSCollege Facility InformationRefectory Inform them 22 ______ about specialdietary requirements23 ______long waiting list,apply now Careers advice drop-in centre for information Fitness center reduced24 ______ for students Library Includes books, journals, equipment room containing audio-visualmaterialsComputer ask your 25 ______ to arrange apassword with the technical supportteamC6-T2-S3, P37 THREE WORDS AND / OR A NUMBERTargets previouslyagreed Work completed Further actionsuggestedInvestigate suitable data analysis software -Read IT 21_____ -Spoken to Jane Prince,Head of the 22 _____Sign up for somesoftware practicesessionsPrepare a 23 ______ for survey -Completed and sent forreviewAdd questions insection three on24 ______Further reading about discipline -Read Banerjee-N.B. Couldn’t findEricsson’s essays onmanaging the 25 ______Obtain from librarythrough specialloans serviceC6-T2-S3, P37 THREE WORDS AND / OR A NUMBER New Targets Specific suggestions TimingDo further work on Chapter 1 (Given the title: Context26 ______)-Add statistics on the27 ______ in various zones-Include more references toworks dated after 28 ______By the 29 ______Prepare list of main sections for Chapter 2-Use index cards to help inorganizationBefore startingthe 30 ______C5-T4-S4, P8331. During the first week of term, students are invited to ____A. be shown round the library by the librarian.B. listen to descriptions of library resources.C. do an intensive course in the computer center.32. The speaker warns the students that ____A. internet materials can be unreliable.B. downloaded information must be acknowledged.C. computer access may be limited at times.33. The library is acquiring more CDs as a resource because ____A. they are a cheap source of information.B. they take up very little space.C. they are more up to date than the reference books.C5-T4-S4, P8334. Students are encouraged to use journals online because ____A. the articles do not need to be returned to the shelves. ?B. reading online is cheaper than photocopying articles.?C. the stock of printed articles is to be reduced.35. Why might some students continue to use reference books?A. they can be taken away from the library.B. they provide information unavailable elsewhere.C. they can be borrowed for an extended loan period.?36. What is the responsibility of the Training Supervisor?? A. to supervise and support library staff.B. to provide orientation to the library facilities.C. to identify needs and inform section managers.。
2022年雅思阅读模拟练习题2新
2022年雅思阅读模拟练习题2This reading test contains 10 questions. You should spend about 20 minuteson this task.To make it more authentic, download the test and do it with pen and paper.Read the passage below and answer 10 questions.Ethnic Groups in SingaporeIn addition to being one of the smallest (and youngest) countries in theworld, Singapore, with its population of less than four million, is one of theworld’s most ethnically mixed countries. It is primarily Chinese, a group towhich over three quarters of permanent residents assign themselves, but even inthis group there are differences in languages and cultures. The other two mainethnic groups in Singapore are Malays and Indians, each representing around tenpercent of the population. It has long been the goal of the government to promote Singapore as a multicultural society in which all three of these maingroups enjoy equal access to the wealth, education, and social systemsthatSingapore offers.For nearly seven hundred years, Chinese have been travelling to SoutheastAsia in search of wealth and prosperity. Those who settled in Singapore camemainly from southern China and spoke different languages depending on which areawas home. Hokkien, one of the main Chinese languages spoken in Singapore,originates from Fujian Province. Speakers of Teochew had ancestors from easternGuangdong. Hakka has roots in both Fujian and Guangdong. Cantonese is alsospoken in Singapore today, and originates from Guangzhou. All of these languages(and more) are spoken by the Chinese population of Singapore today, though thereare very few communities now that are linguistically isolated as they were inthe past, and in recent years the government has also heavily promoted theteaching and learning of Mandarin to serve as a common language for the Chinesecommunity.Though representing a much smaller proportion of the population, the Malaysare the second largest ethnic group in Singapore and the original inhabitants ofSingapore. They are still today the main ethnic group throughout the regionstretching from Malaysia to Indonesia and the Philippines. The Malaycommunityin Singapore came mainly from the Malaysian peninsula, though many also camefrom Java and other Indonesian islands. The Malay community practices Islam,which came to the area via Arab and Indian traders in the 1400s, but their religion also retains some features of pre-islamic Hindu beliefs.The third largest ethnic group in Singapore, slightly smaller than the Malay community, is that of the Indians. Migration from India dates mainly fromthe days of the British colony of Malaya in the 18th century, and most Indianscame to the area as labourers recruited by the British to work on plantations.Most of the Indian community are Tamil from the southern part of India, but asizeable portion originates from Kerala in the southwest.Another group of people with a long history in Singapore are known as thePeranakans. The word peranakan in Malay means ‘half-caste’ and the Peranakansare the descendants of Chinese immigrants who settled in the area and marriedMalay women. The groups of Chinese who travelled and settled in the regioncenturies ago were predominantly (if not entirely) men, and so a most weremarried to local women. The culture of the Peranakans is a mix of both Chineseand Malay traditions, and in most cases this group adopted the name and religionof their Chinese fathers, but retained the language and customs of their Malaymothers. Today, the Peranakan population speaks a version of Malay which borrowsfrom Hokkien so much that Malay speakers often cannot understand the dialect.While the Peranakan culture is being preserved and revived by organisations inSingapore, there are just a few thousand Peranakan Malay speakers left on theisland.According to the information in the reading passage, which group(s) havethe following features:A ChineseB MalaysC IndiansD Peranakans1) Has/Have features of more than ethnic group?2) Is/Are united strongly through religion?3) Speak / Speaks many different languages?4) Is/Are not native to the Singapore region?5) Was originally made up mostly of men?In boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet writeYes if the statement is true according to the articleNo if the statement is not true according to the articleNOT GIVEN if it is not possible to determine the truth of the statementfrom the article6) Originally, many Chinese communities in Singapore couldn’t communicateeasily with each other due to linguistic differences.7) Mandarin is the main language of Singapore.8) Indians were the most recent of the three to arrive in Singapore.9) Arab and Indian traders settled in Singapore in the 1400s.10) The Peranakan language is being increasingly used in Singapore.Answers1) D2) B3) A4) A, C5) A6) YES7) NOT GIVEN8) YES9) NO10) NO文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
雅思阅读练习 reading2
Reading2 Scanning for a specific detail and skimming for general understandingwily, Wired ConsumersThe Internet has empowered shoppers both online and offline.A The amount of time people spend researching, checking prices, visiting stores and seeking advice from friends tends to rise in proportion to the value of the product they are thinking of buying. A new car is one of the biggest purchases people make, and buyers typically spend four to six weeks mulling over their choices. So why are some people now walking into car showrooms and ordering a vehicle without even asking for a test drive? Or turning up at an electrical store and pointing out the washing machine they want without seeking advice from a sales assistant? Welcome to a new style of shopping shaped by the internet.B More people are buying products online, especially at peak buying periods. The total value of e-commerce transactions in the United States in the fourth quarter of 2004 reached $18 billon, a 22% increase over the same period in 2003, according to the Department of Commerce in Washington DC. But that just represents 2% of America’s total retail market and excludes services, such as online travel, the value of goods auctioned on the Internet, and the $34 billion-worth of goods that individuals trade on eBay.C If you consider the Internet’s wider influence over what people spend their money on, then the figures escalate out of sight. Some carmakers in America now find that eight out of ten of their buyers have logged on to the Internet to gather information about not just the exact vehicle they want, but also the price they are going to pay. Similarly with consumer electronics, nowadays if a customer wants to know which flat-screen TV they should buy, they are likely to start their shopping online – even though the vast majority will not complete the transaction there.D The Internet is moving the world closer to perfect product and price information. The additional knowledge it can provide makes consumers more self-assured and bold enough to go into a car dealership and refuse to bargain. As a result, the process of shopping is increasingly being divorced from the transaction itself. Consumers might surf the web at night and hit the shops during the day. Visiting bricks-and-mortar stores can provide the final confirmation that the item or group of items that they are interested in is right for them.E Far from losing trade to online merchants stores that offer the sorts of goods people find out about online can gain from this new form of consumer behaviour. This is provided they offer attractive facilities, good guarantees and low prices.F Merchants who charge too much and offer poor service, however, should beware. The same,too, for shaky manufacturers: smarter consumers know which products have a good reputation and which do not, because online they now read not only the sales blurb but also reviews from previous purchasers. And if customers are disappointed, a few clicks of the mouse will take them to placeswhere they can let the world know.G Some companies are already adjusting their business models to take account of these trends. The stores run by Sony and Apple, for instance, are more like brand showrooms than shops. They are there for people to try out devices and to ask questions of knowledge staff. Whether the products are ultimately bought online or offline is of secondary importance. Online traders must also adjust. Amazon, for one, is rapidly turning from being primarily a bookseller to becoming a mass retailer, by letting other companies sell products on its site, rather like a marketplace. Other transformations in the retail business are bound to follow.1 Scan the Reading passage for the following details.(2min)1 a large amount of money 4 two brand-name stores2 a US government department 5 an Internet trading company3 a percentage● read the title and subheading of the article on the next page and predict the content;●skim the passage and say what it is about.IELTS Reading test practice Short-answer questions 5 Take ten minutes to answer questions 1-6.Sifting through the Sands of timeWhen you’re on the beach, you’re stepping on ancient mountains, skeletons of marine animals, even tiny diamonds. Sand provides a mineral treature trove, a record of geology’s earth-changing processes.Sand: as children we play on it and as adults we relax on it. It is something we complain about when it gets in our food, and praise when it’s moulded into castles. But we don’t often look at it. If we did, we would discover an account of a geological past and a history of marine life that goes back thousands and in some cases millions of years.Sand covers not just seashores, but also ocean beds, deserts and mountains. It is one of the most common substances on earth. And it is a major element in man-made items too – concrete is largely sand,while glass is made of little else.What exactly is sand? Well, it is larger than fine dust and smaller than shingle. In fact, according to the most generally accepted scheme of measurement, devised by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, grains qualify if their diameter is greater than 0.06 of a millimeter and less than 0.6 of a millimeter.Depending on its age and origin, a particular sand can consist of tiny pebbles or porous granules. Its grain may have the shape of stars or spirals, their edges jagged or smooth. They have come from the erosion of rocks, or from the skeletons of marine organisms which accumulate on the bottom of the oceans, or even from volcanic eruptions.Colour is another clue to sand’s origins. If it is a dazzling white, its grains may have the shape of stars or spirals, their edges jagged or smooth. They have come from the erosion of rocks, or from the skeletons of marine organisms which accumulate on the bottom of the oceans, or even from volcanic eruptions.Colour is another clue to sand’s origins. If it is a dazzling white, its grains may be derived from nearby coral outcrops, from crystalline quartz rocks or from gypsum, like the white sands of New Mexico. On Pacific islands jet black sands form from volcanic minerals. Other black beaches are magnetic. Some sand is very recent indeed, as is the case on the island of Kamoamoa in Hawaii, where a beach was created after a volcanic eruption in 1990. molten lava spilled into the sea and exploded in glassy droplets.Usually, the older the granules, the finer they are and the smoother the edges. The fine, white beaches of northern Scotland, for instance, are recycled from sandstone several hundred million years old. Perhaps they will be stone once more, in another few hundred million.Sand is an irreplaceable industrial ingredient whose uses are legion: but it has one vital function you might never even notice. Sand cushions our land from the sea’s impact, and geologists say it often does a better job of protecting our shores than the most advanced coastal technology.7 Take five minutes to find out what the passage starting with the follow passage is about.8 Scan effects on Salmon Biodiversity for words 1-9 and then match them to definitions A-I.Effects on Salmon BiodiversityThe number of Pacific salmon has declined dramatically but the loss of genetic diversity may be a bigger problem.Each year, countless salmon migrate from the rivers and streams along the western coasts of Canada and the US to the Pacific Ocean, while at the same time others leave the ocean and return to freshwater to spawn a new generation. This ritual has been going on for many millennia. But more than a century ago, the number of salmon returning from the sea began to fall dramatically in the Pacific Northwest. The decline accelerated in the 1970s and by the 1990s the US Endangered Species Act listed 26 kinds of salmon as endangered.In North America, there are five species of Pacific salmon: pink salmon, chum, sockeye, coho and Chinook. Most of these fish migrate to the sea and then return to freshwater to reproduce. They are also semelparous–they die after spawning once. The life cycle of a typical salmon begins with females depositing eggs in nests, or redds, on the gravel bottoms of rivers and lakes. There must be large quantities of gravel for this process to be successful. The young emerge from here and live in freshwater for periods ranging from a few days to several years. Then the juveniles undergo a physiological metamorphosis, called smoltification, and head towards the ocean. Once in the sea, the salmon often undertake extensive migrations of thousands of miles while the mature. After anywhere from a few months to a few years, adult salmon return – with high fidelity – to the river where they were born. There they spawn and cycle begins again.Stream-type Chinook spend one or more years in freshwater before heading to sea; they also undertake extensive offshore voyages and return to their natal streams during the spring or summer, often holding in freshwater for several months before spawning. In contrast, ocean-type Chinook move out very early in life, before they reach one year of age. But once these salmon reach open water, they do not travel far offshore. They usually spend their entire natal streams immediately before spawning.Because salmon typically return to reproduce in the river where they were spawned, individual streams are home to local breeding populations that can have a unique genetic signature and the state of the oceans influences this. Also, salmon react in complex ways to human-induced changes to their environment.The extensive development of hydropower on the major rivers of the western US has clearly disrupted populations of salmon. Other problems come from the very engineering fixes made to protect these fish from harm. Dams on some rivers are equipped with submersible screens designed to divert migrating juveniles away from turbines. Unfortunately, these measures do not benefit all fish. These screens steer as many as 95 percent of the stream-type Chinook around the turbines, but because of idiosyncrasies in behaviour these measures redirect as few as 15 percent of ocean-type Chinook. One thus expects to see genetic shifts in favour of the stream types.Fish ladders too have drawbacks. Although these devices have helped to bring survival rates for mature fish closer to historic levels, dams have certainly altered their upstream journey. Rather than swimming against a flowing river, adults now pass through a series of reservoirs punctuated by dams, where discharge from the turbine can disorient the fish and make it hard for them to find ladders. Such impediments do not kill the fish, but they affect migration rates.Dams may also modify salmon habitat in more subtle ways. An indirect effect of the 92-metreBrownlee Dam on the Snake River provides a dramatic example. Historically, the upper Snake River produced some 25,000 to 30,000chincook salmon that spawned during the early fall. The completion of the dam in the late 1950s not only rendered the vast majority of their habitat inaccessible, but also led to more extreme water temperatures downstream from the dam. These changes, in turn, altered the life cycle of the small population of Snake River Chinook that remained. Today young Chinook emerge from the gravel later than they did before the dam was built, and thus they migrate downstream later, when temperatures are higher and water levels lower.9Scan the text for the following reference words or phrases and then say what they refer to.this ritual (Para.1) these measures (Para.5)the decline (para.1) these devices (Para.6)there they spawn (Para.2) such impediments (Para.6)influences this (Para.4) these changes (Para.7)other problems (Para.5)IELTS Reading test practice completing a flowchart/diagram/table 10Answer questions 1-5 and complete the flowchart.(8min)Complete the flowchart below.Choose NO MORE THAN ONE MORD from the passage for each answer.11Answer questions 6-12 and complete the table.(10min)。
雅思阅读模拟练习题：完成句子题
雅思阅读模拟练习题：完成句子题Striking Back at Lightning With LasersSeldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike. Theirelectrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each yearin the United States alone. As the clouds roll in, aleisurely round of golf canbecome a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be alightning bolt's most inviting target. And there is damage to property too.Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million ayear.But researchers in the United States and Japan are. planning to hit back.Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising thepower of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equippedwith an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens todischarge thunderclouds before lightning can strike.The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command isnot new. In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wiresinto thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electriccharges that these clouds generate. The technique survives to this day at a testsite in Florida run by the University of Florida, with support from theElectrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in California. EPRI, which isfunded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the United States'power grid from lightning strikes. 'We can cause thelightning to strike wherewe want it to using rockets,' says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightningprojects at EPRI. The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightningvoltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.Bad behaviourBut while rockets are fine for research, they cannot provide the protectionfrom lightning strikes that everyone is looking for. The rockets cost around$1,200 each, can only be fired at a limited frequency and their failure rate isabout 40 per cent. And even when they do trigger lightning, things still do notalways go according to plan. 'Lightning is not perfectly well behaved,' saysBernstein. 'Occasionally, it will take a branch and go someplace it wasn'tsupposed to go.'And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area ?'What goes up must come down,' points out Jean-Claude Diels of the University ofNew Mexico. Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to uselasers to discharge lightning safely - and safety is a basic requirement sinceno one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk. With around$500,000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from thelaboratory.The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers wererevealing.their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions. If alaser could generate a line of ionisation in the air all the way up to a stormcloud, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, beforethe electric field becomes strong enough to break down theair in anuncontrollable surge. To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not bepointed straight at the clouds. Instead it would be directed at a mirror, andfrom there into the sky. The mirror would be protected by placing lightningconductors close by. Ideally, the cloud-zapper (gun) would be cheap enough to beinstalled around all key power installations, and portable enough to be taken tointernational sporting events to beam up at brewing storm clouds.A stumbling blockHowever, there is still a big stumbling block. The laser is no niftyportable： it's a monster that takes up a whole room. Dielsis trying to cut downthe size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in theoffing. He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds nextsummer.Bernstein says that Diels's system is attracting lots of interest from thepower companies. But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRIsays will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yetsmaller and cheaper. 'I cannot say I have money yet, but I'm working on it,'says Bernstein. He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turningpoint - and he's hoping for good news. Bernstein predicts 'an avalanche ofinterest and support' if all goes well. He expects to see cloud-zapperseventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each.Other scientists could also benefit. With a lightning'switch' at theirfingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mightycurrents meet matter. Diels also hopes to see the birth of 'interactivemeteorology' - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it. 'If we coulddischarge clouds, we might affect the weather,' he says.And perhaps, says Diels, we'll be able to confront some othermeteorological menaces. 'We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,'he says. Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thoughtto be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms. A laserthunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing theformation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops. With luck, as the stormclouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time,strike back.。