2019届高三高考必备阅读资料
2019届高考英语备考专题19阅读理解之议论文
2019届高考英语备考专题19 阅读理解之议论文1. 【·湖北卷】Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, makebombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not behelpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love,Character,and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers whohave failed to resist the temptation.Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t?To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines（学科）. Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. ButBrooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader’s attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about thetheory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.On the whole,Brooks’s sto ry is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest.I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on hisown. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, themore serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partlyinvolve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science.1.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passageto__________.A. illustrate where science can be appliedB. demonstrate the value of Brooks’s new bookC. remind the reader of the importance of scienceD. explain why many writers use science in their works2.According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?A. Its strong basis.B. Its convincing points.C. Its clear writing.D. Its memorable characters.3.What is the author’s general attitude towards the book?A. Contradictory.B. Supportive.C . Cautious.D. Critical.4.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?A. Problems with the book.B. Brooks’s life experience.C. Death of the characters.D. Brooks’s translation skills.2. 【·陕西】Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of prenatal involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child's class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic.The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(养育子女) where schools except them to act as partners in their children's education. Previousgenerations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed andready to learn.Kaith Robinson, the author of the study, said, "I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids'education that leads to declines in their academic performance. One of the thingsthat was consistently negative was parents' help with homework." Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the task." They mayeither not remember the material their kids are studying now, or in some cases neverlearnt it themselves, but they're still offering advice."Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the mostdamaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. Ingeneral, about 20% o f parental involvement was positive, about 45% n egative and the rest statistically insignificant.Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because "children with good academic success do have involved parents ", admitted Robinson. But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause ofthat success." A big surprise was that Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved. They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives."1. The underlined expression "parental involvement " in Paragraph 1 probably means .A. parents' expectation on children's healthB. parents' participation in children's educationC. parents' control over children's lifeD. parents' plan for children's future2. What is the major finding of Robinson's study ?A. Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.B. Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging.C. Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.D. Parents are not able to help wi th children’s homework.3. The example of Asian-American parents implies that parents should .A. help children realize the importance of schoolingB. set a specific life goal for their childrenC. spend more time improving their own livesD. take a more active part in school management3. 【·四川】Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers, But,according to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year. Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work.Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as＄172,000 a year.The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they areworking, to determine the figure. This would make t heir yearly income ￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.By analysing the numbers, it found the average mother works 119 hours a week,40of which would usually be paid at a standard rate and 79 hours as overtime. Afterquestioning 1,000 mothers with children under 18,it found that ,on most days, mums started their routine work at 7am and finished at around 11pm.To calculate just how much m others would earn from that labour, it suggested some of the roles that mums could take on, including housekeeper, part-time lawyer,personal trainer and entertainer. Being a part-time lawyer, at ￡48.98 an hour, would prove to be the most pro fitable of the “mum jobs”,with psychologist（心理学家）a close second.It also asked mothers about the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emotional（情感的） demand as the hardest thing about motherhood.Over a third of mums felt they needed more training and around half said they missed going out with friends.The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mother’s Day. The emotional ,physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can benever-ending, but children are also sources of great joy and happiness. Investing（投入）in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent.1.How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?A.￡30,000.B.￡142,000.C.￡172,000.D.￡202,000.2.The biggest challenge for most mothers is from.A. emotional demandB. low pay for workC. heavy workloadD. lack of training3.What is stressed in the last paragraph?A. Mothers’importance shows i n family all year long.B. The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile.C. Mothers’devotion to children can hardly be calculated.D. Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return.4.What can we conclude from the study?A. Mothers’worki ng hours should be largely reduced.B. Mothers should balance their time for work and rest.C. Mothers’labour is of a higher value than it is realised.D .Mothers should be freed from housework for social life.4.【·天津】Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend.He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best adviceI’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty (强大的) forces will come to youraid.Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it wasseldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me f rom trying at all. On t he other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got myfeet on the ground again.Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you can eat. And there is nothingmysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy,skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than mostof us realize.Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent footballplayer, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes anddesperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet（子弹）—and stopped him cold.”Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments inlife; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries todo something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothingand succeeds.So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.1. Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?A. He faced huge risks.B. He lacked mighty forces.C. Fear prevented him from trying.D. Failure blocked his way to success.2.What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?A. Swallow more than you can digest.B. Act slightly above your abilities.C. Develop more mysterious powers.D. Learn to make creative decisions.3. What was especially important for Tim’s successful defense in the football game?A. His physical strength.B. His basic skill.C. His real fear.D. His spiritual force.4. What can be learned from Paragraph 5?A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.B. Trying without success is meaningless.C. Repeated failure creates a better life.D. Boldness can be gained little by little.55. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A. To encourage people to be courageous.B. To advise people to build up physical power.C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success.D. To recommend people to develop more abilities.。
2019届高考语文阅读理解考点五含答案只是分享
2019届高考语文阅读理解考点五拓展思考，深入探究文本展示典例阅读下面的文字，完成问题。
(25分)静流弟弟迷恋音乐，不仅迷恋流行歌曲，也迷恋中国古典乐器。
他常常在夜里吹奏笛子，声音清越，吹出月光、竹林、沙滩、仙鹤……升入高中以后，弟与另两个男孩一起组成了一个“红蜻蜓”歌唱组合。
我喜欢那些在晚霞中飞舞的小精灵，弟也喜欢，我们都记得捉放蜻蜓是儿时最喜欢的游戏。
红蜻蜓组合在春日夕阳中翻唱着一些小虎队的歌曲，唱得投入而动情，虽然只有我一个观众。
弟说，他要考艺术院校。
这当然没有成功，父亲认为那是不务正业，严厉禁止。
弟在那年高考中落榜了。
为了实现愿望，弟又转向别的途径，准备去当文艺兵，这最后也没实现。
弟心灰意冷，对音乐的追求就此止步。
他常常迷茫地望向远方，——人生浩瀚，哪条才是他要走的路？对于父亲的横加干涉，弟是心怀怨怼的。
他整日整日地不回家，在外面游荡，抽烟，喝酒，看录像，甚至赌博。
父亲对于弟的不成器是彻底失望的，竟日摆着一副恨铁不成钢的表情，看也不看弟一眼。
他们犹如宿敌，冷战，僵持，中间横亘着大片大片的沉默，黑夜般深不可测，没有光亮。
那些坚硬的、暗含敌意的、荒原一般的沉默，是什么时候开始消融，最后随风化为流水的，我不得而知。
我那时已在江南。
弟有时写信，有时打电话，内容里渐渐多了关于父亲的信息。
初涉尘世的弟弟被浮世的炎风吹刮后，终于体会到了现实巷闾烟火的不易。
弟才知道，父亲对于他的要求，并非仅仅是为了自己的脸面，那要求，也是生活本身对他的要求。
相应的，在经历过我的一些波折后，父亲对弟也渐渐有了释然。
父亲终于明白，子女的人生是无法由他来设计的，我们都不过是千万人中最普通的那一个。
柔软悄悄而来，来自两个血脉相连的男人，如静海深流。
在四处求人碰壁后，父亲拿出积蓄，为弟买了出租车。
弟把自己安顿在皖北那个小城，结婚，生子，开始了平淡的人生。
尘埃随之落定。
一年的秋日，我自江南回去探亲，家人聚在一张饭桌上，吃着饭菜，说着闲话，屋外，秋阳融融。
2019全国各地历年高考重点语文试题分类精编：散文和小说阅读2
2019全国各地历年高考重点语文试题分类精编：散文和小说阅读2注意事项：认真阅读理解，结合历年的真题，总结经验，查找不足！重在审题，多思考，多理解！第二部分：现代文阅读2.2散文和小说阅读【一】阅读下面的文字，完成14-17题。
朦胧的敬慕——悼念鲁迅先生萧乾⑴许有人比我更怕死，我却不相信有比我再怕看死人的了。
走在街上，我从没有胆子向寿衣铺里望望。
夜半，即便从很远很远地方飘来的僧器或诵经声，也必害得我用棉被厚厚包起头来，直像那是什么符咒一样。
⑵我曾见过三位死人，在我的记忆中，他们都将是我永不会忘记的。
而且，我还该陈说我都例外地不曾害怕过：一个黄昏，我的母亲死在我的怀抱里；小学时代，曾排着队去中央公园社稷堂瞻仰过孙中山先生的遗体；最近，在鲁迅先生灵前，我守了两天灵。
⑶扶着那绛色帏幔，职务使我看见了数千张陌生的但是诚笃的脸，一个个脚跟都像坠了铅球，那么轻又那么沉重地向灵堂踱。
低垂的头，低垂的手，低垂的眉眼和心。
待踱到灵堂中央，冥冥中似有什么使他们肃然驻足了。
敬慕和哀悼如一双按住的手，他们的身子皆极自然地屈下了。
然后噙了一汪眼泪，用手巾堵着嘴，仓皇地奔了出来。
⑷最感人的莫如一群小学生的吊唁。
在那近三十位小吊客中间，我特别留意一个衣服褴褛、腿下微跛的，他肋下夹着的画册和石板说明了是刚刚放学，如今正是回家或在街头玩耍的时候，然而他却结伴迢迢跑到了这里。
那个微跛的孩子，一拐一拐地，一直来到灵前，两只颇清秀的眼睛直直地凝视着鲁迅先生的遗体，然后，又放下肋下的画册，深深地鞠躬。
我不信作了那么些纪念周，他还不知道“三鞠躬”的礼数，然而，当我数到第三次以后，他仍向下屈着小小腰身，他一连鞠了七个躬才红涨着脸，也红涨着眼睛，走出灵堂。
⑸如果稍换一个情况，我将忍不住笑出来的，然而，我那时是用极大的崇敬心情替他掀开帏幔，一直目送他走下殡仪馆的台阶。
⑥那个背影唤起我一点回忆。
十多年前一个傍晚，如一切贪爱窗外景色的孩子一样，四点钟以后的时间对我变了滋味，换成鲜艳颜色。
2019届高三英语高考复习阅读理解 Thank You, Our Everyday Heroes 课件(共12张PPT)
1. Funds are _a_v_a_il_a_b_le_ to assist employees who want to attend the training.
2. In a __r_a_p_id_l_y_ changing world, people who are equipped to learn new skills will have a better future.
1 过去分词短语Armed with axes and shovels在这个句 子中作伴随状语。
2 动词不定式短语to contain the fire by ... 在这句话中 作 表 语 。 当 句 子 的 主 语 是 purpose 、 aim 、 object 、 goal、function、plan、hope、wish等词时，用不定 式作表语，表示具体的或将来的动作。
11
Thanks
12
Thank You, Our Everyday Heroes
1
1. How much do you know about firefighters? Except for firefighting, what are their other duties?
Rescue people (and animals) from dangerous situations such as crashed vehicles, cave and tunnel emergencies, water and ice emergencies, elevator emergencies, etc.
2019年高考语文真题文学类文本阅读汇编
2019年高考语文真题文学类文本阅读汇编32019年高考全国卷1（三）文学类文本阅读（本题共3小题，15分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
理水（节选）鲁迅当两位大员回到京都的时候，别的考察员也大抵陆续回来了，只有禹还在外。
他们在家里休息了几天，水利局的同事们就在局里大排筵宴，替他们接风。
这一天真是车水马龙，不到黄昏时候，主客就全都到齐了，院子里却已经点起庭燎来，鼎中的牛肉香，一直透到门外虎贲的鼻子跟前，大家就一齐咽口水。
酒过三巡，大员们就讲了一些水乡沿途的风景，芦花似雪，泥水如金，黄鳝膏腴，青苔滑溜……等等。
微醺之后，才取出大家采集了来的民食来，都装着细巧的木匣子，盖上写着文字，有的是伏羲八卦体，有的是仓颉鬼哭体，大家就先来赏鉴这些字，争论得几乎打架之后，才决定以写着“国泰民安”的一块为第一，因为不但文字质朴难识，有上古淳厚之风，而且立言也很得体，可以宣付史馆的。
局外面也起了一阵喧嚷。
一群乞丐似的大汉，面目黧黑，衣服破旧，竟冲破了断绝交通的界线，闯到局里来了。
卫兵们大喝一声，连忙左右交叉了明晃晃的戈，挡住他们的去路。
“什么？——看明白！”当头是一条瘦长的莽汉，粗手粗脚的，怔了一下，大声说。
卫兵们在昏黄中定睛一看，就恭恭敬敬的立正，举戈，放他们进去了。
局里的大厅上发生了扰乱。
大家一望见一群莽汉们奔来，纷纷都想躲避，但看不见耀眼的兵器，就又硬着头皮，定睛去看。
头一个虽然面貌黑瘦，但从神情上，也就认识他正是禹；其余的自然是他的随员。
这一吓，把大家的酒意都吓退了，沙沙的一阵衣裳声，立刻都退在下面。
禹便一径跨到席上，并不屈膝而坐，却伸开了两脚，把大脚底对着大员们，又不穿袜子，满脚底都是栗子一般的老茧。
随员们就分坐在他的左右。
“大人是今天回京的？”一位大胆的属员，膝行而前了一点，恭敬的问。
“你们坐近一点来！”禹不答他的询问，只对大家说。
“查的怎么样？”大员们一面膝行而前，一面面面相觑，列坐在残筵的下面，看见咬过的松皮饼和啃光的牛骨头。
2019届高考语文(苏教版)复习资料练习：文言文阅读
[题组一对点练]一、翻译下面的文段，注意句子中加点词语的用法。
齐女徐吾者，与邻妇合烛．①夜．②织，吾贫而烛不继，邻妇请先无与夜．③。
徐吾曰：“妾日．④起常早，去常后，扫尘以待，为贫故也。
今一室之中，益一人烛不为益明，去一人烛不为暗，何爱东壁余光？幸分之！”邻妇遂复与织。
(节选自刘向《列女传》) 答：答案：译文：齐国有一个叫徐吾的女子，跟邻家的妇人合伙出钱买蜡烛晚上织布。
徐吾家贫，不能继续出钱买蜡烛，邻家的妇人就叫她晚上不要来了。
徐吾说：“我每天常常是很早就来，常常是最后回去，把房子打扫得干干净净来等待织布，就是因为贫穷啊。
现在整个房子里边，增加一个人蜡烛不会更加明亮，减少一个人蜡烛不会因此变暗，何必吝惜照在东边墙壁上剩余的烛光呢？请把它分给我吧！”邻家的妇人于是又跟她一起织布。
加点词：①烛：名词活用为动词，买蜡烛；②夜：名词活用为状语，在夜里，在晚上；③夜：名词活用为动词，夜织；④日：名词活用为状语，每天。
二、阅读下面的文段，翻译文中画线的句子。
四年七月，高祖崩，上(指炀皇帝)即皇帝位于仁寿宫。
以天下承平日久，士马全盛，慨然慕秦皇、汉武之事，乃盛治宫室，穷极侈靡，召募行人，分使绝域。
诸蕃至者，厚加礼赐；有不恭命，以兵击之。
课天下富室，益市武马，匹直十余万，富强坐是冻馁者十家而九。
帝性多诡谲，所幸之处，不欲人知。
每之一所，郡县官人，竞为献食，丰厚者进擢，疏俭者获罪。
奸吏侵渔，人不聊生，人饥相食，邑落为墟，上不之恤也。
东西游幸，靡有定居，每以供费不给，逆收数年之赋。
区宇之内，盗贼蜂起，近臣互相掩蔽，隐贼数不以实对。
或有言贼多者，辄大被诘责。
各求苟免，上下相蒙，每出师徒，败亡相继。
黎庶愤怨，天下土崩，至于就擒，而犹未之寤也。
(选自《隋书》)(1)课天下富室，益市武马，匹直十余万，富强坐是冻馁者十家而九。
译文：(2)黎庶愤怨，天下土崩，至于就擒，而犹未之寤也。
译文：答案：(1)(他)向天下的富人征收重税，大量购买军马，每匹马价值十余万两，因此而受冻挨饿的富强之家十有其九。
人教版 2019年高考语文 现代文阅读-含答案
论述类文本阅读一、阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
谈起法律工具主义,还要追溯到公元前7世纪左右,管仲提出依法治国。
此后,法律就被公认为是治理国家的工具。
所谓治世之具,也可以叫治国之具,法律的工具主义从这儿就开始了。
到唐朝,魏徵做了一个形象的比喻。
他说国家好像是一匹奔马,骑在马上的骑手就是皇帝,皇帝手中拿的鞭子就是法律,这样就把法律工具主义更加形象化。
既然古代的法律是君主手中的鞭子,这个法律必然受到君主的影响。
遇到开明的君主就能够发挥法律治世功能的作用,遇到昏君那就没有办法发挥法律治世功能的作用。
历史事实也确实如此。
唐太宗时期就是个讲究法制的时代。
当时,针对官吏伪造履历的情况,唐太宗说了一句话,以后再遇到伪造履历的官员,必死不赦。
不久,又发现了伪造履历的事情,大理寺少卿戴胄据法断为流放,没有断为死刑。
唐太宗就非常不高兴,说:“我说过以后再有一定要处死。
”这时戴胄讲了一句话,他说什么是法,法是“国家布大信于天下”,不能因为皇帝一时喜怒的意见,使法丧失了大信。
就这样,戴胄说服了唐太宗。
唐太宗说了一句话:“法者,非朕一人之法,乃天下之法也。
”所以皇帝也遵法了,这就发挥了法律的工具主义的作用,这是遇到了明主。
遇到了昏君,就是对法制的败坏。
隋文帝本来是很重视法律的,但是到晚年任意违法。
比如说六月天要判处犯人死刑,大家就劝解他从汉以来都是秋冬行刑,六月天不能判死刑。
他说:“六月天为什么不能判死刑呢?六月天还有雷霆震怒,雷还会击人呢,我是皇帝,我也可以杀人。
”所以法律工具主义是人治下的法制,遇到明主,确实起到了治世的作用,但是遇到昏君便不能发挥积极作用。
法律工具主义不仅影响了整个古代社会,也包括近代社会。
想起用法就把法拿出来,不想用法就把法收起来。
所以今天我们要牢固树立依法治国的法律权威主义的观念,就必须肃清法律工具主义的残余影响。
法与改革的关系就是古人所说的改制与更法。
春秋战国时期处于社会大变动时期,其经济体制改革和政治体制改革是联系在一起的。
2019届高三语文高频话题阅读试题精选17高考改革含解析
高考改革1、阅读下面的文字,完成下列小题。
材料一:浙江省的选考模式中,三门选考科目考生有两次考试机会,再加上外语,共计四门,最大程度地降低了传统高考“一考定终生”的风险。
最初,高考改革的最重要目标就是改变“一考定终生”的传统,让真正有才华、有特色的学生都能进入理想的大学。
现在看来,新高考在这些方面做出的努力已经获得了大家的广泛认可。
尽管浙沪两地的新高考取得了一定的成绩,但我们也应该看到,在新高考实施的过程中,仍然存在一些问题。
其中,最让人质疑的便是被各方看好的“走班制”,在实际操作过程中,由于师资水平、管理能力等多方面的局限无法得到有效的落实。
“走班制”是指学科教室和教师固定,学生根据自己的能力水平和兴趣愿望选择自身发展的层次班级上课。
不同层次的班级,其教学内容和程度要求不同,作业和考试的难度也不同。
这一教学方式既能因材施教,又能激发学生的自主学习兴趣,在国外许多知名私立中学被广泛采用。
但在具体的学校工作中,“走班制”却遇到了很多困难。
从目前许多学校的实际情况看,根本没有足够的师资来开设所有的组合课程。
上海的6选3模式有20种排列组合,而浙江的7选3模式更是达到了35种组合,但大部分学校能提供的课程组合模式仅有7到8种,条件差些的学校甚至更少。
与“走班制”相配套的选考制度在落实过程中同样与预期出现了偏差。
选考制度在设计时的主要出发点是希望学生的兴趣、学科特长能够得到充分发挥。
你擅长什么,你对什么感兴趣你就选考哪门科目。
听起来很完美,但要知道,在中国许多家长的眼里,“喜欢不能当饭吃”。
据调查,物理这门学科在浙沪新高考中就被许多同学“无情抛弃”了。
由于很多学生觉得物理学科很难,在与其他考生竞争时会处于劣势而影响高考成绩,最终选择放弃物理。
“作为自然学科的基础,物理教育的缺失将直接影响到基础教育和大学教育,不利于考生个人的成长和国家的人才培养。
”洪文强调。
新高考改革的一个重要目的在于分担单次高考的压力,切实减轻学生负担。
2019届高考英语阅读理解精选细做：文学艺术类
文学艺术类1、Beijing Opera is also called Peking Opera. It came into being after 1790 when the famous four Anhui opera troupes(戏班) came to Beijing. Its music and singing come from Xipi and Erhuang in Anhui and Hubei. Its costumes are all fascinating and artistic. It is the highest expression of the Chinese culture. It’s full of famous stories, beautiful facial paintings, and wonderful gestures and fighting. This kind of opera is very popular with Chinese people.There are four main roles in Beijing Opera: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. Sheng is the leading male actor. For example, a Wusheng is a soldier or fighter. A Xiaosheng is a young man. A Laosheng is an old man. Dan is the female role. Jing, mostly male, is the face-painted role and Chou is the comedy actor or clown.Stories in Beijing Opera are very interesting. Some of them are from the history book, but most of them are from the literature, especially famous novels. The people in the story usually have some disagreements. They become angry and unhappy. They are sad and lonely. Sometimes they are nervous and worried. Then they find a way to make peace. The stories usually end with happiness and laughter and people are all happy in the end.1.The second paragraph of the reading is about the _________ of Beijing Opera.A.storiesB.rolesC.gesturesD.paintings2.Which of the following is the role Sheng?A.B.C.D.3.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Peking Opera is full of different gestures.B.There are only four roles in Beijing Opera.C.Beijing Opera is the most popular in the world.D.The people in the story usually are in agreement.4.What is best title of the passage?A.The history of the BeiJing OperaB.The roles of the BeiJing OperaC.The introduction of the BeiJing OperaD.The stories in the BeiJing Opera2、Have you come across much Western children’s literature?Most English speaking children grow up with the same delightful set of fictional(小说的)characters.The Winnie the Pooh stories involve a strange selections of animals such as akangaroo,a pig,a donkey,a tiger,an owl and a bear,who live together in a wood,leading fairy ordinary life.Far more exciting and dangerous events take place in The Wind in the Willows,the story of the foolish Mr Toad and all his adventures.Talking animals is also the main characters in The Jungle Book and the Just So Stories.In the latter we find lots of imaginative explanations as to why the world is like what it is.Far more laughter comes from Roald Dahl’s Charlie and the Chocolate F actory.Whillie Wonka is the perfect adult in the eyes of children with all his clever ideas and endless supply of sweets.Also much loved is Bilbo Baggins,the funny little rabbit,who ends up having adventures with wolves and dragons.Of course,the stories go on in the much more serious The Lord of the Rings,better read a few years later.A new star in the world of magic and children’s fiction is Harry Potter,the schoolboy who learns spells rather than maths.Adventure books remainpopular,too.Although well over a century old now,Treasure Island is still an enthralling story with young Jim Hawkins dealing with secret maps and pirates.Such books make childhood a time of wonder and imagination.1.Which of these is NOT mentioned as a character in The Winnie the Pooh stories?A.B.C.D.2.In which book would you expect to find the chapter “How the tiger got his stripes(纹)?”A.The Wind in the WillowsB.Treasure IslandC.Just So StoriesD.The Lord of the Rings3.The underlined word “enthralling” in Paragraph 4 means _________.A.interestingB.modernC.disappointingD.frightening3、We considered a list of the best American books-but we’d need a whole issue to do them justice. Here are five that help define the national character. Most from a century or so ago, they still entertain, teach, and inspire us.Moby-Dick by Herman MelvilleFirst published in 1851, the adventure stories of Captain Ahab and his monomaniacal(偏执的) pursuit of the white whale draw us into a universe full of fascinating characters and stories.The Education of Henry Adams by Henry AdamsAwarded the Pulitzer Prize in autobiography(自传) in1918, descended from one of America’s most famous political dynasties, Adams provides insight into his family, including his experience as a private secretary to his father, minister to England during the American Civil war.Leaves of Grass by Walt WhitmanWhen Whitman published Leaves of Grass in 1855, he wanted to define the American experience-singing of the new country in a new voice, reflecting the great changes in the American literary world that had taken place during his lifetime.Poems by Emily DickinsonAn enthusiastic poet whose works have had considerable influence on modern poetry, Dickinson’s frequent use of dashes, o ccasional capitalization(大写) of nouns, and unconventional metaphors(隐喻) have contributed to her reputation as one of the most inventive(创新的) poets of the 19th century American literature.The Song of Hiawatha by Henry Wadsworth LongfellowFirst pub lished in 1855, this is Longfellow’s most popular and most recognized poem, the heroic life and death of a magic American Indian, sent by the Great Spirit to guide the nations in the ways of peace.1.Walt Whitman wrote Leaves of Grass in order to ______.A.praise America and show the great changes in the American literary worldB.reflect the great changes in America that had taken place during his lifetimeC.give Americans encouragement in a new voiceD.show his talent and heroic life to us2.The underlined word “considerable” probably means “______”A.satisfyingB.excitingC.inspiringD.great3.If you want to read a story about a magic American Indian, you can read ______.A.Moby-DickB.Leaves of GrassC.PoemsD.The Song of Hiawatha4.What’ s the purpose of the wirer writing this passage?A.To make an advertisement for a bookstore.B.To introduce several best American books to readers.C.To tell stories of several famous writers.D.To talk about some knowledge about literature.4、William Butler Yeats, a most famous Irish writer, was born in Dublin on June 13, 1865. His childhood lacked the harmony (和睦) that was typical of a happy family. Later, Yeats shocked his family by saying that he remembered “little of childhood but its pain”. In fact, he inherited (继承) excellent taste in art from his family—both his father and his brother were painters. But he finally settled on literature, particularly drama (戏剧) and poetry.Yeats had strong faith in coming of new artistic movements. He set himself the fresh task infounding an Irish national theatre in the late 1890s. His early theatrical experiments, however, were not received favorably at the beginning. He didn’t lose heart, and finally enjoyed success in his poetical drama.Compared with his dramatic works, Yeats’s poems attract much admiring notice. The subject matter includes love, nature, history, time and aging. Though Yeats generally relied on very traditional forms, he brought modern sensibility to them. As his literary life progressed, his poetry grew finer and richer, which led him to worldwide recognition.He had not enjoyed a major public life since winning the Nobel Price in 1923. Yet, he continued writing almost to the end of his life. Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, he would probably now be valued as a minor poet, for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75. After Yeats’s death in 1939, W.H. Auden wrote, among others, the following lines:Earth, receive an honoured guest:William Yeats is laid to rest.Let the Irish vessel (船) lieEmptied of its poetry.1.Which of the following can describe Yeats’s family?A.It filled Yeats’s childhood with laughter.B.It was sh ocked by Yeats’s choice.C.It was a typically wealthy family.D.It had an artistic atmosphere.2.According to the passage, what do we know about Yeats’s life?A.Yeats founded the first Irish theater.B.Yeats stuck to modern forms in his poetry.C.Yeats began to produce his best works from the 1910s.D.Yeats was not favored by the public until the 1923 Noble Prize.3.What kind of feeling is expressed in W. H. Auden’s lines?A.Envy.B.Sympathy.C.Emptiness.D.Admiration.4.What is the passage mainly about?A.Yeats’s literary achievements.B.Yeats’s historical influence.C.Yeats’s artistic ambition.D.Yeats’s national honor.5 The end of the year is drawing near, and winter is in full swing. The Season brings along with it strong winds and snow-an environme nt that’s never comfortable to be in.This unpleasant and even frightening aspect of winter can often be seen in literature. In Shakespeare’s King Lear(1606), the king has given away his kingdom and been rejected by his two ungrateful daughters. He is out in the winter cold, suffering things that are usually reserved for the poorest and most unfortunate human beings.The winter is bad enough for Lear, but being abandoned by his family is worse. A song from another Shakespeare play, As You Like It(1599),is fitting for this poor old man’s situation: “Blow, blow, thou winter wind, /Thou art not so unkind /As man’s ingratitude(忘恩负义)”. Here, winter is used to bring out the ugliness of inhumanity(不人道). There aren’t many things that are worse than winter, according to Shakespeare.Once winter became less of a threat to human beings ,literary works featuring it became more positive. Since Charles Dickens, the representation of the season in literature has often featured happy Christmas celebrations.The cold of the winter weather provides a contrast to the fun going on indoors.Dickens’ A Christmas Carol(1843)was the start of this, but Christmas is still a common, cheery element(元素) in stories that feature winter scenes today. Consider the joy felt by Harry Potter and his friends in J. K. Rowling’ s Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone(1997)as they sit down for their festive meal :“Harry had never in all his life had “such a Christmas dinner. A hundred fat, roast turkeys; mountains of roast and boiled potatoes; platters of chipolatas; tureens of buttered peas, silver boats of thick, rich gravy and cranberry sauce”.It is almost as much a pleasure to read about the meal as it might have been to eat it.Although winter stil1 isn’t the most cheerful season in novels and poems, it’s safe to say that writers have ce rtainly “warmed up” since Shakespeare’s days.1.What’s the author’s main purpose in writing this article?A.To recommend some winter stories in literature.B.To explain what winter is like in literary works.C.To describe certain customs that are related to winter.D.To tell us why winter is described as unpleasant in literature.2.What can we learn from Shakespeare’s works?A.Shakespeare didn’t like winter for its bad weather.B.King Lear dies of cold one night during winter.C.Winter is a time to think about our family members.D.Winter is compared with the ugly side of humanity.3.The author mentions Charles Dickens in the article because_______.A.a lot of his works are relevant to winterB.he is the most popular author of winter’ storiesC.he started a new way of representing winterD.his works make people feel cheerful in winter4.The example of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone is used mainly to show_______.A.traditional Christmas food makes the winter cheeryB.Christmas is still a symbol of joy in modern storiesC.it’s a pleasure to read Christmas-related books in winterD.winter has become the happiest season in literary works6、Chinese people had never paid more attention to the annual Nobel literature award than they did when Mo Yan bec ame China’s first winner of the prize.The effect has not disappeared. Tourists continue to rush to Mo’s home village in Gaomi, Shangdong province, which has become a tourist site since the author was awarded Nobel Prize. Visiting the village is to walk into the world he created in Red Sorghum Clan, one of hisbest-known novels, adapted for the award-winning film Red Sorghum by famous director Zhang Yimou in 1987.About 210 hectares of red sorghum(高粱) is ready for harvesting, recalling this scene Mo wrote in the novel: "In the deep autumn of the eighth month under a high, clear sky, the land is covered by sorghum that forms a wild sea of blood. When the sun comes out, the surface of the sea shimmers(闪光), and heaven and Earth are painted with rich, wonderful colors."Locals have planted the sorghum for the coming film of the novel’s TV adaptation starring actress Zhou Xun, in similar style to 1987 when Zhang’s film was filmed. But while the sorghum fields disappeared after the film was made, this time they may remain.“We have signed long-term contracts to sell sorghum to wine producers,”said Zhang Xinfu, head of Xianjia village, Mo Yan’s hometown is in the area.“Dozens of wine producers came to discuss the sorghum business after Mo Yan won the prize,” said Zhang. Zhang said the wine producers promised to pay a satisfying price for the sorghum.1.What happened to Mo Yan’s home village after he won the Prize?A.Th e house of Mo’s at his home village was rebuilt for tourism.B.The local people at Mo’s home village welcomed the tourists.C.Many tourists rushed to Mo’s home village to show respect and interest.D.Mo’s home village remained what it used to be.2.The und erlined word “adapted” in paragraph2 probably means “___________”.A.settledB.designedC.re-organizedD.written3.Which season was it when the passage was written?A.Autumn.B.Winter.C.Spring.D.Unknown.4.According to the text, we can infer that the win e producer bought sorghum from Mo’s home village for__________.A.the fame of Mo Yan.B.good quality of the red sorghum itself.C.the lower priceD.the large amount of the red sorghum .7 Tang Dynasty poets sang for about three centuries in different tones. There were many famous poets living in the Tang period such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Li Shangyin. Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited in the Qing Dynasty is a collection of about 48,900 poems that were written by over 2,200 poets. But it didn’t co ver all the poems of the Tang Dynasty.During the Tang Dynasty, poems were recited when lovers walked under the moonlight. Poems were also recited when soldiers fought on the battlefield. People recited them in the open air or at temple fairs.In the Tang Dynasty scholars had to be poets. Their readers were not only people of high social position but also common people. Poets recited poems; women singers sang poems and other ranks of people, including old women and children, read Tang poems. This atmosphere affected foreigners who visited the country at that time. As a result, Tang poetry was introduced to some adjacent countries, likeJapanandVietnam.Tang poetry is a most brilliant page in the history of ancient Chinese literature. It’s a miracl e in the cultural history of mankind. The Tang Dynasty was a powerful empire with a vast territory. It inherited Chinese civilization that went back to ancient times, and was combined with the best of other cultures and adopted the benefits of other nation s in the world. Tang poetry wasn’t the only spiritual wealth created by the Tang Dynasty people. Philosophy and religion, handwriting and painting and music and dance all gained new peaks of development. Tang poetry, however, was the jewel in the crown and its greatest achievement.1.It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that_____________.A.there were more than 48,900 poems written in Tang DynastyB.in total there were four famous poets in the Tang DynastyC.only people in the Tang Dynasty created poemsD.in the Tang Dynasty most common people were poets2.The underlined word “adjacent” in Paragraph 3 probably means_______________.A.neighboringB.strongC.poorD.rich3.What does the author really want to tell us in Paragraph 3?A.In the Tang Dynasty all scholars were poets.B.Tang Dynasty poems were quite popular.C.Many foreigners came to our country during the Tang Dynasty.D.In the Tang Dynasty many poems were sung by women singers.4.Which of the following is NOT mentio ned in the passage?A.Why the poets created poems.B.Some other kinds of spiritual wealth in the Tang Dynasty.C.The significance and influence of the Tang Dynasty.D.The editors of Poems of the Tang Dynasty.8 England has been the birthplace of most of the great English-language theater written throughout history. Most of the plays in England that are truly famous have something in common. They usually come from a playwright(剧作家) with several famous plays.ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare is considered the most famous British playwright. Shakespeare has a large catalog(目录) of tragedies, comedies and history plays, and each category is home to some of the most famous plays ever written. Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, Othello and Julius Caesar are all tragedies and performed in theaters around the world every year. Famous comedies include A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Much Ado About Nothing. In the history category, Richard Ⅲand Henry Ⅴare very famous.Oscar Wilde and George Bernard ShawSeveral hundred years after Shakespeare, English people began to enjoy the works of Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw. Wilde’s plays are still popular now, and The Importance of Being Earnest is both performed and studied extremely frequently. A Woman of No Importance and An Ideal Husband are among his other famous works. Shaw and Wilde were born within a few years of each other, but Shaw was a much more productive writer. His most famous plays include Pygmalion and Candida. Shaw’s plays are loved so much that an entire theater company isdevoted to performing his work in Niagara-on-the-Lake in southern Ontario.Harold PinterThe plays of Harold Pinter certainly have an international presence. His writing was so widely recognized for its importance that he was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 2005. Pinter is especially known for his style of writing. Many of his plays such as Betrayal, The Dumb Waiter and his first play, The Room, are extremely well known.1.The writer wrote this passage to .A.advise us to spend more time enjoying playsB.explain why England has so many wonderful playsC.tell us about some famous British playwrights and their worksD.tell us the differences among some British playwrights2.What do the works in the underlined part in Paragraph 2 have in common?A.They are all Shakespeare's early works.B.They are all tragedies written by Shakespeare.C.They are all Shakespeare's famous comedies.D.They all belong to the history category of Shakespeare's plays.3.Which of the following plays were most probably written in the same period of time?A.The Dumb Waiter and A Woman of No Importance.B.Richard Ⅲand A Woman of No Importance.C.An Ideal Husband and Candida.D.Candida and Betrayal.4.Who was mentioned in this passage that he had received the Nobel Prize because of his writing?A.William Shakespeare.B.Oscar Wilde.C.George Bernard Shaw.D.Harold Pinter.答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.A; 4.C2答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.A3答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.D; 4.B4答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A解析：1.细节题。
2019届高考语文(苏教版)复习资料 第二部分专题一 文言文阅读 8 考点五文言文综合提能练
文言文综合提能练(一)一、(2018·淮安高三月考)阅读下面的文言文,完成1～4题.李沆,字太初,洺州肥乡人.太平兴国五年,举进士．．甲科.后入翰林为学士.会契丹犯边,真宗北幸,命沆留守,京师肃然.一夕,遣使持手诏．欲以刘氏为贵妃,沆对使者引烛焚诏,附奏曰:“但道臣沆以为不可.”其议遂寝．.帝以沆无密奏,谓之曰:“人皆有密启,卿独无,何也？”对曰:“臣待罪宰相,公事则公言之,何用密启？夫人臣有密启者,非谗即佞,臣常恶之,岂可效尤？”沆为相,王旦参政事,以西北用兵,或至旰食．．.旦叹曰:“我辈安能坐致太平,得优游无事耶？”沆曰:“少有忧勤,足为警戒.他日四方宁谧,朝廷未必无事.”后契丹和亲,旦问何如,沆曰:“善则善矣,然边患既息,恐人主渐生侈心耳.”旦未以为然.沆又日取四方水旱盗贼奏之,旦以为细事不足烦上听.沆曰:“人主少年,当使知四方艰难.不然,血气方刚,不留意声色犬马,则土木、甲兵、祷祠之事作矣.”沆没后,真宗以契丹既和,西夏纳款,遂封岱、祠汾①,大营宫观,蒐②讲坠典③,靡有暇日.旦乃以沆先识之远,叹曰:“李文靖真圣人也.”遂谓之“圣相”.景德元年七月,沆疾作而薨．,．年五十八.上闻之惊叹,趣．驾而往,临哭之恸.废朝五日,赠太尉、中书令,谥．文靖.沆性直谅,内行修谨,言无枝叶,识大体.居位慎密,不求声誉,动遵条制,人莫能干以私.家人劝治居第,未尝答.弟维因语次及之,沆曰:“身食厚禄,时有横．赐,计囊装亦可以治第,但念内典以此世界为缺陷,安得圆满如意,自求称足？今市新宅,须一年缮完,人生朝暮不可保,又岂能久居？巢林一枝,聊自足耳,安事丰屋哉？”(选自《宋史》,有删改)【注】①封岱、祠汾:封泰山、祭汾阴.②蒐:同“搜”.③坠典:指已废亡的典章制度.1．对下列句子中加点的词的解释,不．正确的一项是()A．其议遂寝．寝:停止,搁置B．以西北用兵,或至旰食．．旰食:晚食,事务繁忙不能按时吃饭C．趣．驾而往趣:趋向,奔赴D．身食厚禄,时有横．赐横:出乎意料解析:选 C.本题考查理解常见文言实词在文中的含义的能力.趣:急速,赶快.2．下列对文中相关内容的解说,不．正确的一项是()A．进士:中国古代科举制度中,通过最后一级中央政府朝廷考试者,称为进士.B．诏:本意是指帝王召集大众讲话,后来多指帝王所发的文书命令.文中“手诏”指大臣根据帝王指示手写的诏书.C．薨:古代诸侯或有爵位的大官死去称薨,也可以用于皇帝的高等级妃嫔和所生育的皇子公主,或者封王的贵族.D．谥:即谥号,是对死去的帝王、大臣、贵族按其生平事迹进行评定后,给予或褒或贬或同情的称号,始于西周.解析:选B.此题考查文化常识.“手诏”指帝王亲手书写的诏书.3．把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语.(1)少有忧勤,足为警戒.他日四方宁谧,朝廷未必无事.译文:(2)居位慎密,不求声誉,动遵条制,人莫能干以私.译文:解析:本题考查理解并翻译文中的句子的能力.(1)少:稍微.忧勤:忧虑劳苦.足为警戒:起到警戒的作用.宁谧:安定、安宁.(2)居位:任职时.慎密:谨慎细致.条制:规章制度.干以私:求他办理私事.答案:(1)心中稍微为国事而忧虑劳苦,就能起到警戒的作用.将来某一天天下安宁了,朝廷未必不会发生事情.(2)任职时谨慎细致,不追求名声荣誉,行动遵守规章制度,没有人能求他办理私事.4．请简要概括李沆得到宋真宗信任、同僚赞誉的原因.答:解析:本题考查筛选并整合文中信息的能力.解答此题要做到三点:一是要扣住题目要求“李沆得到宋真宗信任、同僚赞誉的原因”；二是要理解文意,分析概括时需要以理解文言句子为基础；三是筛选概括要点要全,考生可逐段分析,如从第二段“命沆留守,京师肃然”及“非谗即佞,臣常恶之”可概括出李沆“有治理才能,为人正直”,从第三段李沆对真宗的担忧一事可看出其“富有远见”,从第五段李沆对其弟所说的话可看出李沆“生活简朴”.答案:有治理才能；为人正直；富有远见；生活简朴.李沆,字太初,洺州肥乡(今河北邯郸肥乡县)人.太平兴国(宋太宗年号)五年,李沆考中甲科进士.后来进入翰林院担任翰林学士.适逢契丹侵犯边境,宋真宗亲临北方,命李沆留守京城,京城被他治理得井井有条.一天晚上,宋真宗派使者拿着手谕打算册立刘氏为贵妃,李沆当着使者的面用蜡烛烧掉了诏书,并告诉使者说:“就说我李沆认为这样做不可.”宋真宗的这个决定就取消了.宋真宗因为李沆没有秘密奏章,就对他说:“别人都有秘密奏章,只有你没有,为什么呢？”李沆回答说:“我身为宰相,朝廷之事就公开言说,何必用秘密奏章？那些有秘密奏章的大臣,不是进谗言的人就是谄媚小人,我平常就讨厌他们,怎么能效仿他们？”李沆担任宰相,王旦任参知政事,因为西北地区打仗,有时李沆到半夜才吃饭.王旦感叹说:“我们怎么才能坐享太平,悠闲自在没事干呢？”李沆说:“心中稍微为国事而忧虑劳苦,就能起到警戒的作用.将来某一天天下安宁了,朝廷未必不会发生事情.”后来契丹要求和亲,王旦问怎么办,李沆说:“好倒是好,但是如果边境上的隐患已经平息了,就怕皇上渐渐产生奢侈放纵的想法.”王旦不以为然.李沆又每天把各地的水旱灾害、盗贼叛乱的事情上奏,王旦认为小事不足以麻烦皇帝知道.李沆说:“皇上还年轻,应当让他知道全国各地的艰难.否则,他血气方刚,就算不关心声色犬马,那么土木、战争、祭祀的事情也会不断兴起.”李沆死后,宋真宗认为已经和契丹议和了,西夏也向宋朝进贡,于是封泰山、祭汾阴,大力营造宫殿,搜寻一些已废亡的典章制度,没有一天空闲过.王旦才认识到李沆预见的长远,感叹说:“李文靖真是圣人啊.”就称李沆为“圣相”.景德元年七月,李沆突发疾病去世了,终年五十八岁.皇上听到后非常震惊,为之叹息,赶快起驾去李沆家,对着李沆的遗体痛哭.皇上停止上朝五天,追赠李沆为太尉、中书令,谥号为“文靖”.李沆性格直爽诚信,私居时修身严谨,言谈没有琐碎的言辞,识大体.任职时谨慎细致,不追求名声荣誉,行动遵守规章制度,没有人能求他办理私事.家人劝他修缮住宅,他未曾回答.他弟弟李维于是说起这件事,李沆说:“我们吃穿(依赖)朝廷厚禄,不时还有意外的赏赐,计算口袋里装的钱也可用以修缮住宅,只要想着佛家内典认为这个世界是有缺陷的,怎么有圆满如意,各自都求得称心满足呢？现在买新的住宅,须一年修缮好,人一生早晚都没法保全,又怎么能长久居住呢？鸟在林中树枝上做个窝,姑且可满足,干吗建造华丽的房屋呢？”二、阅读下面的文言文,完成5～8题.孙君小传[清]秦湘业孙君名慧良,自号．纳琴,世居无锡,析县为金匮人.父尔纯生子三,君其季．.幼颖悟,读书十数行下,于汉、魏以降诗学源流罔不探讨有得.其时吴江赵艮甫流寓于锡,以诗鸣当代.君窃慕效之几方驾,赵亦订为忘年交.高才生以诗赋有闻者,类工应制体,君弗之善.尤厌弃举子业.故年二十四始游于庠,亦不数数应秋闱．．试.故滑稽,好狎侮人,人畏其口,弗敢近.君乃慨然出游,依从叔文靖公于闽.文靖爱其才,厚资膏火,而颇束缚之,弗任以事.君忽忽不乐,竟返里.后乃游汴、游燕,以记室为诸侯上客.然脩脯入手辄尽,贫如故.道光末年,余尝遇之京师,旋别去,不相闻,而其家人亦罕得其音耗．也.同治四年九月,忽挈妇航海归.时邑经兵燹,室庐荡然,亲故零落殆尽,乃僦屋城隅以居.五年春,予权．浙江运使,因招君游杭.见其形容憔悴,意气败丧,诗亦渐颓唐,无复往时精诣矣.是秋,余丁母忧．．．去官.君不欲他就,亦返.自此不再出,益穷困无聊.越五年而卒,年六十有八.余齿少君十余岁,弱冠．．闻其名,以素册乞书,君为录《闽游草》数十首.写景言情辄与少陵、东坡颉颃,行楷亦得苏法.余藏诸箧笥数十年,乱中失去.迨．君身后求遗稿,不可得.余友华君翼纶,其甥也,近始搜得君诗二首,曰《余生草》,晚年之作曰《簏中草》.早年之作皆不如中年之工,惜乎其胥付灰烬有若重厄之者.然古来诗人湮没何限？君有贤甥搜罗掇拾,将授之梓,以永其传,岂非厚幸也夫？5．对下列句子中加点词的解释,不．正确的一项是()A．父尔纯生子三,君其季．季:排行最后B．而其家人亦罕得其音耗．也耗:消息C．予权．浙江运使权:谋划D．迨．君身后求遗稿迨:等到解析:选 C.本题考查理解常见文言实词在文中的含义的能力.权:权摄,暂代官职.6．下列对文中相关内容的解说,不．正确的一项是()A．号:指人除有名、字之外,另起的别称.旧时给自己取号的,大都是通晓翰墨之人,无不别出匠心,各有所爱所好.B．秋闱:是对科举制度中会试的借代性叫法.因考期在秋季八月,故又称秋闱.C．丁母忧:忧,指父母之丧；丁母忧,意思是遭逢母亲的丧事.D．弱冠:古代男子20岁叫作“弱”,这时就要行“冠礼”,即戴上表示已成人的帽子.解析:选B.此题考查文化常识.秋闱是对科举制度中乡试的借代性叫法.7．把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语.(1)高才生以诗赋有闻者,类工应制体,君弗之善.译文:(2)时邑经兵燹,室庐荡然,亲故零落殆尽,乃僦屋城隅以居.译文:答案:(1)凭着诗赋闻名的才能高超之人,大都善于写应制体诗,孙君认为这种诗不好.(2)当时无锡城经过战乱破坏,屋舍没了,亲戚朋友几乎都死去了,孙君就在城角租房居住.8．从少年到中年,孙慧良的性格产生了怎样的变化？答:解析:本题考查筛选并整合文中信息的能力.通读全文可知,第一段涉及孙君年少时的性格,第二段涉及孙君中年的性格,考生可从这两段中筛选信息.根据第一段“尤厌弃举子业”“故滑稽,好狎侮人,人畏其口,弗敢近”“脩脯入手辄尽,贫如故”等语,可概括出“心高气傲、率性而为”；根据第二段“意气败丧,诗亦渐颓唐,无复往时精诣矣”“自此不再出,益穷困无聊”等语,可概括出“甘于平庸、不复抱负”.答案:年少时心高气傲、率性而为(倔强任性)；中年后甘于平庸、不复抱负.孙君名叫慧良,自号纳琴,世代居住在无锡县,无锡县分出了金匮县后,孙君就成了金匮县人.他的父亲孙尔纯生了三个儿子,孙君是其中最小的.孙君年幼的时候聪明过人,读书一目十行,对汉、魏以来诗学源流无不探讨并且有所得.那时吴江人赵艮甫流落无锡居住,凭着诗歌在当时颇有声名.孙君私下仰慕他,仿效他作诗,几乎和赵艮甫不相上下,赵艮甫也视孙君为忘年之交.凭着诗赋闻名的才能高超之人,大都善于写应制体诗,孙君认为这种诗不好.他尤其厌恶、嫌弃科举应试之业.所以二十四岁时才到学校学习,对参加科举考试也不迫切.由于孙君言语诙谐,喜欢戏弄别人,人们畏惧他的口才,不敢亲近他.于是他感慨叹息,外出游历,到福建投靠堂叔文靖公.文靖公爱惜他的才华,多多地资助他求学的费用,却严格约束他,不任用他做事.孙君感到失意,闷闷不乐,最终回到故里.后来游历汴、燕等地,凭着记室官的身份成为地方大官的幕僚.然而薪金一到手就用完,孙君还是像原来一样贫穷.道光末年,我曾经在京城碰到他,随即他就告别离开,再没听到他的消息,他的家人也很少有他的音信.同治四年九月,孙君忽然带着妻子从海上归来.当时无锡城经过战乱破坏,屋舍没了,亲戚朋友几乎都死去了,孙君就在城角租房居住.同治五年春天,我暂时代理浙江运使之职,于是让孙君到杭州游玩.见他形体容貌憔悴,精神衰落,志向丧失,诗歌之气也渐渐萎靡不振,不再有旧时的精到之功.这年秋天,我为母亲守丧辞掉了官职.孙君不想投靠其他人,也返回了无锡.从此不再出来做事,生活更加穷困,无所依赖.过了五年,孙君亡故,享年六十八岁.我的年龄比孙君小十几岁,二十岁的时候听说了他的名声,用空白的册页向他求诗,孙君为我抄录了几十首《闽游草》中的诗.他的诗,描写景物、抒发情感往往和杜甫、苏轼不相上下,行书楷书也有苏体之法.我把它藏在竹箱里几十年,在祸乱中丢失.等到孙君去世后寻求他的遗稿,无法再找到.我的朋友华翼纶,是孙君的外甥,他近来才寻找到孙君的两首诗,一首叫作《余生草》,一首晚年的作品叫作《簏中草》.孙君早年的诗作都不如中年之作精致,可惜(中年之诗作)全被焚为灰烬,就像遭受重大灾难的人一样.然而自古以来诗人湮没无闻有什么边界呢？孙君有好外甥搜集整理自己的诗歌,将要交付刊印,使它们永久流传,难道不是大幸吗？三、阅读下面的文言文,完成9～12题.新刊欧阳文忠公全集序[明]钱溥欧阳文忠公,庐陵人也.庐陵旧有公全集本,既而收上府,而天下遂不复得是全集久矣.海虞程君宗,广求之而得于胡文穆公家,盖内出本也.亟．命工翻刻于郡横.适予使交南至庐陵,其郡博郑钢,首进而请曰:“使庐陵文献足征而使天下复有是集者,太守功也.愿一言序其首.”予峻．拒之弗获,至舟不能行,乃抚然有间曰:“士非文章之难也,而以文章救世为难.”荀、韩、黄老之术．．．．起,斯道遂亡于秦.幸而韩愈氏出,慨然以斯道为己任,其文章足以革弊而拯弱.尝曰“轲之死,不得其传焉”,则亦隐然自任其传矣.后又变而为五季衰陋之习,虽宋兴七十有余年,而学者亦未易遽复于古.一旦欧阳子出,以文章道德为宗师.若范仲淹之贬于饶也,一时名士目为党人.公在谏院,为《朋党论》以献,群言遂息,不然,党锢之祸成矣.嘉祐学者争尚．怪僻为奇,文体大坏,公知贡举．．,黜险怪而录雅正.士初喧然腾谤,其后不五六年,文格遂变而复古,不然弊将若何而止哉？世所谓文章必以救世为难也.虽然,当是之时,倡而和者,韩有柳宗元,欧阳有苏氏父子,其他李翱、张籍之流,曾巩、尹洙之辈,声振而气从,金舂而玉应,文非不美也,而较其救世之功,则若列星之有五行,众山之于五岳．．,其功化发育呈露,盖自有不侔者.宜其崛起于千百载之前,而并耀于千百载之后,而渺焉未有能继之者,匹夫而为百世师,一言而为天下法,盖唯有二公焉.是集之行,程君嘉惠．后学亦至矣.使善学者诵其文而知能以身任国家安危之计,其用舍为世所重轻,进不知富贵为乐,而退不忘天下以为心,然后为无愧也,夫岂徒以文体变其所习而已.后学云间钱溥,谨．书．于螺川驿.(选自《欧阳文忠公集·附录》,有删节)9．对下列加点词的解释,不．正确的一项是()A．亟．命工翻刻于郡横亟:赶快B．予峻．拒之弗获峻:严肃C．嘉祐学者争尚．怪僻为奇尚:崇尚D．程君嘉惠．后学亦至矣惠:聪明解析:选 D.本题考查理解常见文言实词在文中的含义的能力.惠:给……恩惠.10．下列对文中相关内容的解说,不．正确的一项是()A．黄老之术:黄,黄帝；老,老聃.黄老之术主张修身治国,还认为君主应“无为而治”.B．贡举:古时地方官府向帝王荐举人才的制度.贡,指贡士；举,指乡举里选.C．五岳:中国五大名山的总称,分别是东岳泰山、西岳华山、南岳恒山、北岳衡山、中岳嵩山.D．谨书:恭敬地书写这篇文章,把这篇文章献给某人,多用于对长辈和崇敬的人.解析:选 C.此题考查文化常识.“南岳恒山”“北岳衡山”不对,应改为“南岳衡山”“北岳恒山”.11．把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语.(1)幸而韩愈氏出,慨然以斯道为己任,其文章足以革弊而拯弱.译文:(2)而退不忘天下以为心,然后为无愧也,夫岂徒以文体变其所习而已.译文:答案:(1)幸亏有韩愈出现,(韩愈)慷慨激昂地把恢复这种道统作为自己的重任,他的文章足够用来去除弊端,拯救衰颓的文风.(2)(他们)退隐却不忘天下安危,并把它作为心中挂念的事,这以后才不感到愧疚,哪里只是用文体变革那些陋习罢了.12．结合文章第一段内容,简要概括欧阳修文学复古主张的意义.答:解析: “结合文章第一段内容”已经指出了答题区间为第一段,只要找出与试题相关的关键语句,再把关键语句转化为自己的话即可.从“不然,党锢之祸成矣”可以归纳出欧阳修的文学主张避免了党锢之祸；从“文格遂变而复古,不然弊将若何而止哉”可以归纳出扭转了当时的文风.答案:①避免了党锢之祸；②扭转了当时的文风.欧阳文忠公,是庐陵人.庐陵过去有先生的全集本,不久被内府收藏,于是天下很久没有再得到这本全集了.海虞的程宗先生,广泛寻求它,在胡文穆先生家里得到了,大概是出自内府的版本.他赶快命令工匠在郡中的学舍翻刻.适逢我出使交南到了庐陵郡,庐陵郡的博士郑钢首先将刻本赠送给我并请求说:“让庐陵郡的文献得到足够的证明,从而使得天下再次有了这本文集,是太守的功劳.请求您写一些话作为序言放在开头.”我严肃地拒绝但没有成功,以至于不让我的船出行,于是我茫然自失地站了一会儿说:“读书人写文章不是难事,而用文章来救世是难事.”荀子、韩非子、黄老之学兴起,这种道统在秦国就消亡了.幸亏有韩愈出现,(韩愈)慷慨激昂地把恢复这种道统作为自己的重任,他的文章足够用来去除弊端,拯救衰颓的文风.韩愈曾经说“孟子死了,这种道统不得流传了”,这也就隐约承认自己担当起了道统流传的重任.后来又演变成了唐五代衰弱浅薄的风气,虽然宋朝兴盛了七十多年,但是做学问的人也没能轻易迅速复兴古代道统.忽然有一天欧阳修出现了,他把学识学问和思想品德作为尊崇敬仰的对象.至于范仲淹被贬谪到饶州,一时之间名士们被看成是他的朋党.当时欧阳先生在谏院,写了《朋党论》呈给朝廷,于是众人的言论就平息了,不这样的话,党锢之祸就形成了.嘉祐年间求学的人争着以崇尚怪异邪僻为奇特,作品的体裁、风格大大变坏了,先生担任向君王举荐人才的职务,摈弃险怪的文章而录用雅正的文章.读书人起初喧闹、沸腾着毁谤,之后不到五六年,文章的风格就变化并复兴古代的道统,不这样的话,弊端将到怎样的地步才停止啊？这就是世人所说的文章一定以救世为难事啊.虽然这样,在当时,他们倡议后都有应和的人,韩愈这边有柳宗元,欧阳修这边有苏氏父子,其他的像李翱、张籍这些人,曾巩、尹洙这些人,他们的文章声势很大而气韵和谐,如钟撞击发声,磬随之响应,文章不是不精美,然而比较他们与前者的救世的功劳,就好比是恒星里面有五行,群山中有五岳,他们的功业与教化萌发显露,自然是不相等的.应该是韩愈、欧阳修在千百年之前崛起,在千百年之后一起闪耀,而后人看不清楚没有能够继承他们,平常的人却成为百代之师,一句话却成为天下人的规范,大概只有这两位先生了.这本全集发行,是程先生给后辈的学者的最大恩惠.假如善于学习的人诵读欧阳修的文章,知道能够凭借自身担当国家安危的谋划,他们的任用或是弃置不被世人所重视,做官不知道富贵的快乐,(他们)退隐却不忘天下安危,并把它作为心中挂念的事,这以后才不感到愧疚,哪里只是用文体变革那些陋习罢了.后辈学者松江府钱溥,在螺川驿敬书.文言文综合提能练(二)一、阅读下面的文言文,完成1～4题.上高县学记苏辙古者以学为政,择其乡闾之俊而纳之胶庠．．,示之以诗书礼乐,揉而熟之,既成使归,更相告语,以及其父子兄弟.故三代之间养老、飨宾、听讼、受成、献馘,无不由学.习．其耳目,而和其志气,是以其政不烦．,其刑不渎．,而民之化之也速.然考其行事,非独于学然也,郊社．．、祖庙、山川、五祀,凡礼乐之事皆所以为政,而教民不犯者也.故其称曰:“政者,君之所以藏身.”盖古之君子,正颜色,动容貌,出词气,从容礼乐之间,未尝以力加其民.民观而化之,以不逆其上.其所以藏身之固如此.至于后世不然,废礼而任法,以鞭朴刀锯力胜其下,有一不顺,常以身较之.民于是始悍然不服,而上之人亲受其病,而古之所以藏身之术亡矣.子游为武城宰．,以弦歌为政,曰:“吾闻之夫子,君子．．学道则爱人,小人学道则易使也.”夫使武城之人其君子爱人而不害,其小人易使而不违,则子游之政岂不绰然有余裕哉？上高,筠之小邑,介于山林之间,民不知学,而县亦无学以诏．民.县令李君怀道始至,思所以导民,乃谋建学宫.县人知其令之将教之也,亦相帅出力以缮其事,不逾年而学以具.奠享有堂,讲劝有位,退习有斋,膳浴有舍,邑人执经而至者数十百人,于是李君之政不苛而民肃,赋役狱讼不诿其府.李君喜学之成而乐民之不犯,知其为学之力也,求记其事,告后以不废.予亦嘉李君之为邑有古之道,其所以得于民者,非复世俗之吏也.故为书其实,且以志上高有学之始.元丰五年三月二十日眉山苏辙记.(选自《栾城集》,有删改)1．对下列加点词的解释,不．正确的一项是()A．习．其耳目习:练习B．是以其政不烦．烦:急躁C．其刑不渎．渎:轻慢D．而县亦无学以诏．民诏:命令解析:选D.诏:告诫.2．下列对文中相关内容的解说,不．正确的一项是()A．胶庠:周代学校名.周时胶为大学,庠为小学,后世通称学校为“胶庠”.B．郊社:天子祭祀天地的国家大典.周代冬至祭天称“郊”,夏至祭地称“社”.C．宰:古代官名.先秦时期指王或诸侯等贵族的副官,后来也指地方县邑长官.D．君子:对统治者和贵族男性的通称.“君子”常与“小人”或“野人”对举.解析:选 D.此题考查文化常识.结合文意来看,君子在文中应该指“人格高尚、道德品行兼好之人”.3．把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语.(1)县人知其令之将教之也,亦相帅出力以缮其事,不逾年而学以具.译文:(2)其所以得于民者,非复世俗之吏也.译文:答案:(1)县里的百姓知道了他们的县令要让他们受教育,也一起。
教育最新2019届高考语文复习第六章文言文阅读专题三理解必备知识掌握关键能力核心突破五精准翻译句子一讲义
核心突破五精准翻译句子(一)——符合“信”“直”“境”，落实得分点一、翻译基本要求：信、达、雅，重在“信”1．信，就是指译文要准确地表达原文的意思，不歪曲，不漏译，不随意增减。
在平时翻译时，考生做不到“信”的要求，主要表现在漏译、误译和赘译上。
漏译，误译，赘译，就不可能达到“信”这一最基本的翻译标准。
边练边悟1指出下面译句存在的漏译、误译现象，体会翻译要“信”的要义。
(1)原句：吾不起中国，故王此；使我居中国，何遽不若汉！译句：我没有从中原起兵，所以在这里称王；假如我身处中原，怎么比不上汉王！漏译、误译之处：_____________________________________________________________ 答案漏译了“遽”字，“遽”是“就”的意思。
(2)原句：耕者，不复督其力；用者，不复计其出入。
译句：耕种的人，不再出力；使用的人，不再计算支出与收入。
漏译、误译之处：_____________________________________________________________ 答案①漏译了“督”字。
“督”，督促，在这里是“被督促”的意思。
②误译了“计其出入”，应译为“根据收入确定支出”。
2．达，就是指译文要明白通顺，符合现代汉语的表述习惯，没有语病。
为此，一些特殊句式需要译成现代汉语句式，适当增加一些词语使语意更流畅，不得出现病句。
硬译是不“达”的典型表现，翻译固然需要字字句句对应，但也要临场变通、灵活处理，尤其对那些难理解而靠推断的词语，不能强行翻译。
边练边悟2指出下面译句存在的不“达”现象，体会翻译要“达”的要义。
(1)原句：遇人一以诚意，无所矫饰，善知人，多所称，荐士为时名臣者甚众。
译句：(王尧臣)对待别人全都真诚，没有虚假掩饰，善于识人，常常称道别人，推荐人成为当时名臣的很多。
不“达”之处：________________________________________________________________ 答案译句“推荐人成为当时名臣的很多”结构混乱，应在“推荐”后加“的”字。
2019高考语文试题分类汇编：实用文阅读
2019高考语文试题分类汇编：实用文阅读12、阅读下面的文字，完成(1)～(4)题。
(25分)谢希德的诚与真1949年10月1日新中国成立，正在美国麻省理工学院攻读博士学位的谢希德从亲人的来信中得到这一消息。
昂首屹立于世界东方的祖国母亲，像磁石般吸引着这个远在异国他乡的赤子。
有人劝告谢希德不要回到当时生活贫困、科研条件差的中国去，她却视祖国的利益高于一切，决心在学习告一段落后，立刻回国参加建设。
1952年，获得博士学位的谢希德回国，在复旦大学任教，并于l956年与北京大学的黄昆教授共同主持开办了我国第一个半导体专门化培训班。
谢希德一直密切关注着国内外物理学研究的动态，努力探索真知。
上世纪70年代后期，她开始思索一个奥妙而又实际的问题—怎样使钢材不生锈?是什么起到抗腐蚀的保护层作用?世界上一些国家每年因腐蚀而报废的钢材达上千万吨，中国也面临着同样的问题。
怎样才能使我国有限的钢材发挥更大的作用?这就要涉足表面物理。
专长在半导体和固体物理研究的谢希德，如果继续从事她的研究，可以说既省力又稳妥，还可以尽快出成果；如果另辟蹊径转入新领域，即使付出艰辛的劳动，五年十载能否取得显著成绩仍是个未知数。
然而，她是一个进取心很强的人，表面物理亟待研究，哪怕付出l0倍、20倍的努力，也要勇闯难关，有所创造。
作为学界前辈，她也要借此鼓励年轻人去开拓这个前景广阔的新领域。
谢希德率领她的团队，经过认真细致的研究，一点一滴地积累经验，使复旦大学的表面物理研究达到了世界水平。
1983年，谢希德担任复旦大学校长。
以她的身份，每天上下班都有专车。
可是人们时常在校车上看到她的身影。
她说：“在车上既可以提前处理一些公事，又可以借这个机会与同志们交谈，倾听各种议论。
从校内的事到天下事都可以成为车内的话题，其中有牢骚，也不乏独到的见解；特别有意思的是车内总有一两位不愿隐瞒自己观点、也不善于窃窃私语的同志不时发表一通高见，而且获得一些同事的共鸣。
2019版高考语文阅读复习(实战篇)阅读综合演练(全套5份含解析)
阅读综合演练（1）一、阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。
有人说到“经”，便有意无意地把它等同于“经典”，而提起“中国经典”，就转换成“儒家经典”，这种观念有些偏狭。
中国经典绝不是儒家一家经典可以独占的，也应当包括其他经典，就像中国传统是“复数的”传统一样。
首先，中国经典应当包括佛教经典，也应当包括道教经典。
要知道，“三教合一”实在是东方的中国与西方的欧洲在文化领域中最不同的地方之一，也是古代中国政治世界的一大特色。
即使是古代中国的皇帝，不仅知道“王霸道杂之”，也知道要“儒家治世，佛教治心，道教治身”，绝不只用一种武器。
因此，回顾中国文化传统时，仅仅关注儒家的思想和经典，恐怕是过于狭窄了。
即使是儒家，也包含了相当复杂的内容，有偏重“道德自觉”的孟子和偏重“礼法治世”的荀子，有重视宇宙天地秩序的早期儒家和重视心性理气的新儒家。
应当说，在古代中国，关注政治秩序和社会伦理的儒家，关注超越世界和精神救赎的佛教，关注生命永恒和幸福健康的道教，分到承担着传统中国的不同责任，共同构成中国复数的文化。
其次，中国经典不必限于圣贤、宗教和学派的思想著作，它是否可以包括得更广泛些？比如历史著作《史记》《资治通鉴》，比如文字学著作《说文解字》，甚至唐诗、宋词、元曲里面的那些名著佳篇。
经典并非天然就是经典，它们都经历了从普通著述变成神圣经典的过程，这在学术史上叫“经典化”。
没有哪部著作是事先照着经典的尺寸和样式量身定做的，只是因为它写的好，被引用得多，被人觉着充满真理，又被反复解释，有的还被“钦定”为必读书，于是，就在历史中渐渐成了被尊崇、被仰视的经典。
因此，如今我们重新阅读经典，又需要把它放回产生它的时代里面，重新去理解。
经典的价值和意义，也是层层积累的，对那些经典里传达的思想，原则甚至知识，未必需要亦步亦趋“照办不走样”，倒是要审时度势“活学活用”，要进行“创造性的转化”。
阅读经典可以使人们了解从古至今“人类究竟面临哪些重大问题”，但古代经典并不是不可违逆的圣经，毕竟历史已经翻过了几千年。
【2019届浙江高三语文大一轮复习之高考必背】考试说明规定背诵篇目
(一)古文1.《季氏将伐颛臾》丘也闻有国有家者，不患寡而患不均，不患贫而患不安。
盖均无贫，和无寡，安无倾。
夫如是，故远人不服，则修文德以来之。
既来之，则安之。
今由与求也，相夫子，远人不服，而不能来也；邦分崩离析，而不能守也；而谋动干戈于邦内。
吾恐季孙之忧，不在颛臾，而在萧墙之内也。
2.孟子《寡人之于国也》梁惠王曰：“寡人之于国也，尽心焉耳矣。
河内凶，则移其民于河东，移其粟于河内。
河东凶亦然。
察邻国之政，无如寡人之用心者。
邻国之民不加少，寡人之民不加多，何也？”孟子对曰：“王好战，请以战喻。
填然鼓之，兵刃既接，弃甲曳兵而走，或百步而后止，或五十步而后止。
以五十步笑百步，则何如？”曰：“不可！直不百步耳，是亦走也。
”曰：“王如知此，则无望民之多于邻国也。
不违农时，谷不可胜食也。
数罟不入洿池，鱼鳖不可胜食也。
斧斤以时入山林，材木不可胜用也。
谷与鱼鳖不可胜食，材木不可胜用，是使民养生丧死无憾也。
养生丧死无憾，王道之始也。
五亩之宅，树之以桑，五十者可以衣帛矣。
鸡豚狗彘之畜，无失其时，七十者可以食肉矣。
百亩之田，勿夺其时，数口之家可以无饥矣。
谨庠序之教，申之以孝悌之义，颁白者不负戴于道路矣。
七十者衣帛食肉，黎民不饥不寒，然而不王者，未之有也。
狗彘食人食而不知检，涂有饿莩而不知发；人死，则曰：‘非我也，岁也。
’是何异于刺人而杀之，曰：‘非我也，兵也。
’王无罪岁，斯天下之民至焉。
”3.《荀子·劝学》君子曰：学不可以已。
青，取之于蓝而青于蓝；冰，水为之而寒于水。
木直中绳，以为轮，其曲中规。
虽有槁暴，不复挺者，使之然也。
故木受绳则直，金就砺则利，君子博学而日参省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。
吾尝终日而思矣，不如须臾之所学也；吾尝跂而望矣，不如登高之博见也。
登高而招，臂非加长也，而见者远；顺风而呼，声非加疾也，而闻者彰。
假舆马者，非利足也，而致千里；假舟楫者，非能水也，而绝江河。
君子生非异也，善假于物也。
积土成山，风雨兴焉；积水成渊，蛟龙生焉；积善成德，而神明自得，圣心备焉。
2019年高考语文真题实用类文本阅读汇编
2019年高考语文真题实用类文本阅读汇编2019年高考全国卷1（二）实用类文本阅读。
（本题共3小题，12分）阅读下面的文字，完成下面小题。
材料一：可移动文化遗产的保护是指运用各种方法延长可移动文化遗产寿命的专业性活动。
保护技术推进的核心是找到与遗产变化状况相适应的保护方法，以便及时对藏品进行预警、干预，使藏品保持健康的状态。
在此过程中，预防、治理、修复三个方面的技术运用起着至关重要的作用。
预防是所有的减缓文化遗产恶化和损毁的行为的总称，它涉及光照度、环境条件、安全、防火和突发事件的准备等方面。
治理是通过外接的干预直接作用于可移动文化遗产的保护行为，是为了消除正在损毁遗产的外界因素，从而使遗产恢复到健康的状态。
根据可移动文化遗产遭受“病痛”情形的差异，治理技术可以分为杀虫、去酸、脱水和清洁等类型。
修复是对已经发生变形或变性的遗产进行处理，使之恢复到原有的形态或性质。
修复的内容大致分为两个方面：一是清除文物和标本上的一切附着物；而是修补文物和标本的残缺部分。
（摘自周耀林《可移动文化遗产保护策略研究》）材料二：以温度25℃、相对湿度50%为标准寿命（设其指数为1．00），计算在温度15℃、35℃和湿度10%、30%、70%条件下，纸张的寿命和标准寿命的倍数关系，结果见下表：（摘编自李景仁等《图书档案保护技术手册》）材料三：毛里求斯是非洲一个岛国，位于赤道南部的西印度洋上，气候湿热多雨。
毛里求斯拟修复的档案文件，形成于18世纪，文件纸张为破布浆机制纸，字迹材料为酸性烟黑墨水，双面手写。
以手感鉴别，柔韧性极差，几乎一触即碎。
通过测试数据可知，文件纸张严重酸化。
应毛里求斯大使馆的要求和委托，国家图书馆图书保护组和修整组的技术人员，对部分档案文件进行了实验性去酸和修复。
方案如下：（1）去酸方案酸是纸张纤维发生化学降解的催化剂，能加快纸张纤维的水解反应，使纸张脆化变黄、机械强度下降，直至脆裂粉碎，不能使用。
为避免酸性对文献纸张的损害，人们研究了各种去除纸张酸性的方法。
新课标版2019版高考语文总复习资料：古诗文阅读
4． 要特别注意 2017 年 《考试大纲》 在“古诗文阅读”中新增了“了 解并掌握常见的古代文化知识”的考点。新增的这一考点，使 2015 年、 2016 年考卷中的“古代文化知识”试题在《考试大纲》中得到了正式确 认。
全国新课标卷对文言文的考查，其选材一直是“正史”中的古代人 物传记。 古代人物传记一般涉及下列内容： 传主的姓名、 字号、 朝代和籍贯， 传主的官职及其变动情况， 传主的工作地点及其变动情况， 传主的主要 政绩、成就、特长、性格特点，传主生前和死后受到的封赏等。
[真题文本] ____________________________________________________
[2017·《考试说明》题型示例]
韩文，字贯道，成化二年举进士，除工科给事中。∥出为湖广右参 议。中贵督太和山，干没公费。文力遏之，以其羡易粟万石，备振 贷。 ． 九溪土酋与邻境争地相攻，文往谕，皆服。弘治十六年拜南京兵部尚书。 岁侵，米价翔踊。文请预发军饷三月，户部难之。文曰：“救荒如救焚， 有罪，吾自当 之。”乃发廪十六万石，米价为平。明年召拜户部尚书。 ．
史传的行文思路有一定的模式，显示在结构方面的特点也相对稳 定。图示如下：
学案 1
整体阅读指导
第一步 快速通读，厘清层次 初读后，应大致上理清文本的层次。史传类文言文，其行文大多按时 间顺序记叙传主的一生。一般结构模式见上文图示。 第二步 勾画业绩，解读品性 史传正文部分，一般记叙传主一生中重要的事迹。这些事迹主要是为 了突出传主的功德，表现传主的某些品格。而命题者命制的分析综合题， 恰恰就是针对传主的生平事迹、功德品格的。因此，我们可用圈点勾画的 方法， 对“事迹”及与事迹有关的内容做记号， 加深印象。 (怎样圈点勾画， 全凭个人习惯。如用单斜线和双斜线在字句间切分事迹的层次，用问号标 示疑难处，用叹号标示关键处。还可在词句下用小三角形、圆点、波浪线、 直线勾画，标示人名、时间、事件中心词以及直接或间接评价人物的关键 词等。)在勾画传主的事迹时，我们可以将分析综合题各选项看一看，相互 比对，想一想：各选项是分别针对什么事迹设置的？从事迹中解读出的功 德品格与自己的体会是否一致？这种方法叫作“借题读文” 。
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2019届高三阅读资料·勤劳革命、劳动意识、工匠品质目录让“劳动者”梦想成真 (1)新时代劳动者当有新作为（有删减） (3)用劳动书写我们的新时代（节选） (5)以“劳动精神”丰富时代价值（节选） (7)让心中住进一位“工匠” (9)以劳动托起中国梦（节选） (11)让职业教育铸造更多“大国工匠”（节选） (12)记取他们的工匠精神（节选） (12)劳动是创造价值的唯一源泉（节选） (13)工匠精神离不开专注和坚持（节选） (14)以工匠精神雕琢时代品质（节选） (15)锻造更多大国工匠（节选） (16)让“劳动者”梦想成真劳动还光荣吗？劳动还能致富吗？这些略显宏大的命题，近来却屡屡引起人们尤其是年轻人的讨论。
在网上，有位经济学家曾抛出一条“毁三观”的结论：劳动致不了富，迅速遭到众多网友从事实到逻辑、从学理到情理的全方位反驳。
事实证明，靠双手实现梦想、用劳动创造价值，既是人之为人的朴素道理，也是社会发展的根本规律，更是我们时代深植于每个劳动者内心深处的真诚信仰。
尊重劳动，尊重劳动者，是事关社会根基的大命题。
亚当·斯密在《国富论》开篇即提出主张，劳动是国民财富的源泉；马克思的劳动价值理论更进一步提炼了劳动的意义；因为历来重视勤劳致富、信奉劳动创造价值，中国的变革甚至被外媒称为“勤劳革命”。
回溯历史，从“铁人精神”到“红旗渠精神”再到“载人航天精神”，正是劳动者手不停歇、抓铁有痕地实干，才成就了今天的辉煌中国。
不可否认，社会上一度对劳动的价值有所怀疑，但时至今日，当蓝领工种薪酬普遍提升，一些企业的大工匠年薪甚至高达百万，劳动价值在回归。
今天，劳动者的内涵被前所未有地拓展。
网络主播、职业电竞选手、健身私教、梦想规划师……这些之前很少见的工种被创造出来，同时也催生了这个时代新的“人生赢家”。
重庆朝天门的“棒棒军”谢幕了，纯粹作体力要求的工作越来越少，呼唤创造力的行业在急剧扩张。
随着新发展理念的激荡、供给侧结构性改革的持续推进，细化的分工，既在拓宽劳动者内涵，也在敦促劳动精度的提升。
同样加工一个零件，精度99%是工匠，精度99.99%就成了令人仰视的大国工匠。
劳动不仅没有过时，其市场价值还将进一步凸显。
十九大报告强调，要建设知识型、技能型、创新型劳动者大军，弘扬劳模精神和工匠精神。
正因为知识与劳动已如卯榫般紧扣，我们重申勤勉的意义，更要强调知识的分量。
在知识经济风口起飞的创业者，“臂非加长也”“声非加疾也”，是知识提供了杠杆。
这是一种风向，更是一种取向：强调埋头苦干不等于一味蛮干，新三百六十行，哪一行都离不开创新。
拥抱知识、技能和创新，是中国人口红利从“数量型”向“质量型”转型的必由之路，也是每一个个体放大人生价值的关键砝码。
正所谓技多不压身、不看学历看能力，新时代这杆秤，比任何时候都掂得出一个人的真正分量。
让劳动者梦想成真，勤劳勇敢者最需要的是更加公平的就业环境、更多人生出彩的机会。
30多年前，正是城乡间闸门的打开，让束缚在土地上的手脚一下子伸展开，让中国的生产力有了质的飞跃。
今天，当户籍改革继续推进，市场机会持续增加，更多人有机会跻身成才成功的大门。
但这条大路仍需要进一步拓宽。
从金融浇灌“三农”到孵化创业项目，从强化职业培训到提供职业规划辅导，从增进劳动权益保障到消除就业歧视，当每一个最初的梦想被善待，勤勉劳动自然会成为一种信仰。
“采得百花成蜜后，为谁辛苦为谁甜？”从制度运行的视角看，确保采花的蜂吃到最甜的蜜，甚至比鼓励“蚕吐丝、蜂酿蜜”更为重要，这就需要进一步完善分配制度。
坚持按劳分配原则，完善按要素分配的体制机制，“坚持在经济增长的同时实现居民收入同步增长、在劳动生产率提高的同时实现劳动报酬同步提高”，改革发展的成果才能被劳动者共享。
当所有勤劳守法者都能致富，做大中等收入群体水到渠成，劳动的价值不言自明。
“民生在勤，勤则不匮”。
决胜全面建成小康社会，进而全面建设富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国，根本上靠劳动、靠劳动者。
幸福不会从天而降，但劳动可以让梦想成真。
新时代劳动者当有新作为（有删减）中国特色社会主义事业大厦是靠一砖一瓦砌成的。
从袁隆平蹲田培育“东方魔稻”的场景，到高凤林焊接火箭“心脏”的瞬间，从改革开放大潮中解放思想、敢闯敢干的“急先锋”，到新时代勇于创新、追求卓越的“弄潮儿”，无数任劳任怨、拼命苦干的“老黄牛”，激励着成千上万劳动者在平凡岗位上建功立业，在中国从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃中奉献光和热。
踏上新征程，永远不变的，是精神底色；与时俱进的，是劳动素质。
当今世界，科技创新竞争与高端产业角逐空前激烈，能否抢占先机、赢得主动，归根结底要以强大的人才队伍做支撑，以高素质的劳动者队伍做保障。
今日中国，决胜全面建成小康社会时间紧、任务重，建设社会主义现代化强国困难多、挑战大，迫切呼唤一支知识型、技能型、创新型劳动者大军，练就高超本领，撸起袖子加油干。
党的十九大吹响了奋进冲锋号，在新时代展现新作为，广大劳动者正当其时。
不负新期待，以执着钻劲焕发精益求精的工匠精神。
“凡世之所贵，必贵其难”。
中国迈向高质量发展，如果说其他劳动要素还可能引进，唯有数以亿计的高素质劳动者无法引进。
尽管当下我们能开展火箭、卫星等超级工程，但特种钢铁还依赖进口，消费者买个马桶盖都要出国抢购。
拥有一大批耐得住寂寞刻苦钻研、在一丝一毫之间倾注心血的高素质劳动者，才能提升中国制造在全球产业链、价值链中的地位。
政府部门和全社会一同行动起来，在社会氛围和机制保障上多下功夫，在职业教育上多想办法，“大国工匠”一定会越来越多。
建立新功勋，以争先闯劲迸发勇于开拓的创新精神。
这是一个创新追逐的时代，“不创新不行，创新慢了也不行”。
近来，“缺芯少魂”的问题，再次严峻地摆在人们面前，激发广大劳动者立志通过自主创新掌握核心技术。
知识型、技能型、创新型劳动者，是科学技术和工业制造结合的“传动轮”，是自主创新的生力军。
拿出逢山开路的闯劲、永不满足的创新精神，未来中国绝不会用别人的昨天来装扮自己的明天。
用劳动书写我们的新时代（节选）“民生在勤，勤则不匮。
”具有伟大奋斗精神的中国人民，始终革故鼎新、自强不息。
今年是改革开放四十周年，这段风云激荡的历程，刻印下小岗村村民包产到户的红手印，记录着“三天一层楼”的深圳速度，定格了亿万农民工坐着绿皮火车进城打工的身影，熔铸着科技工作者不断向未知领域挺进的探索。
我们今天所拥有的一切，莫不凝聚着劳动者的聪明才智，浸透着劳动者的辛勤汗水，蕴涵着劳动者的牺牲奉献。
从温饱到小康，从封闭到开放，迎来从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃，最大的变化源于劳动者，最高的成就属于劳动者，最美的梦想系于劳动者。
……让我们用劳动书写新时代，在奋斗中创造美好生活。
世界上没有坐享其成的好事，天上不会掉馅饼，努力奋斗才能梦想成真。
对家庭而言，没有劳动就没有物质财富的积累，就没有生活条件的改善；对个人来说，劳动不仅筑牢了成功的坚实底座，也凝结成宝贵的精神财富。
新时代的劳动者，只要肯学肯干肯钻研，练就一身真本领，掌握一手好技术，就能找到人生出彩的舞台，在劳动中发现广阔的天地，在劳动中体现价值、展现风采、感受快乐。
让我们用劳动书写新时代，在创新中赢得美好未来。
在中华民族伟大复兴的词典里，从来没有“容易”一词。
改革步入深水区，如何祛除顽瘴痼疾、突破利益固化的藩篱，将改革进行到底？“逆全球化”思潮泛起、贸易保护主义抬头，如何提升自主研发和创新能力？信息化革命大潮涌起，如何抓住历史机遇实现跨越式发展？当此之时，更需倡导创新型劳动、创造性劳动，鼓励劳动者学习前沿技术、掌握高超技能，打造一支知识型、技能型、创新型劳动者大军，为“中国智造”、中国创新注入信心和活力。
让劳动者得实惠、享荣光，是激发劳动创造力的必由之路。
大力弘扬劳模精神和工匠精神，涵养劳动情怀和劳动品格，在全社会营造劳动光荣、知识崇高、人才宝贵、创造伟大的氛围，才能让一切活力竞相迸发、一切源泉充分涌流，凝聚起亿万人民劳动创造的磅礴力量。
以“劳动精神”丰富时代价值（节选）“忆往昔峥嵘岁月稠”。
正是无数劳动者，让新中国一路走来，充满活力。
激情燃烧的岁月，“铁人”王进喜以双臂搅拌灰浆压住井喷；改革开放的时代，杂交水稻之父袁隆平做着“禾下乘凉梦”充实天下粮仓。
新世纪新阶段，不管是有48项技术创新成果、创造经济效益1.9亿多元的吴吉林，还是让嫦娥三号的“冷暖衣”重量不足美国制造五十分之一的苗建印，这些劳模们身上涌动着创造、创新、创业的激情，在劳动中成就了自己的价值，更托举起一个国家、一个民族的梦想。
模范，原本指的是制造器物的模型、模子，引申开来，就成了值得仿效的人或事。
效仿什么？效仿的正是那么一股子辛勤劳动、诚实劳动、创造性劳动的“劳动精神”。
物质决定意识，意识反作用于物质，这是马克思主义的基本原理。
1945年，毛泽东同志在陕甘宁边区劳动英雄和模范工作者会议上的讲话中就指出，劳动英雄和模范工作者“有三种长处，起了三个作用”，即带头作用、骨干作用和桥梁作用。
劳动精神的重要性，正在于它能激发出人的潜力，让劳动真正成为改变世界的力量。
对劳模的表彰，就是对劳动的表彰、对劳动精神的弘扬。
不管是物质财富的创造，还是精神价值的沉淀，离开了劳动，都只是空谈。
社会主义核心价值观中，“敬业”是重要内容。
离开了劳动，谈何敬业？其实，对于一个公民，“爱国”首先体现在做好自己的工作、找到自己的舞台；对于一个国家，“富强”需要由无数人的劳动来创造；而一个自由、平等的社会，一个文明、和谐的国家，必然要保证所有人劳动的权利和劳动的尊严。
从这个角度看，培育和践行社会主义核心价值观，劳动正是我们可以做、也应该做的。
对于当代中国，劳动精神更不应该褪色。
审视中国的历史方位，我们站上了历史的高岗，转首回眸有足够多的欣慰，举目四望也有着以往任何时代都未曾遇到过的烦恼。
如何让“中国制造”升级为“中国智造”，消除出国抢购马桶盖、电饭煲的尴尬？如何增强贫困地区的内生动力，打破贫困的代际传递，让更多人同步进入小康？如何让那些“宁愿在宝马车里哭，不愿在自行车上笑”的青年人补足精神钙质，挥动自立自强的臂膀？这些时代之问，答案可能各不相同，但又一脉相通。
任时代如何变化，劳动是一切成功的必由之路，也是一切梦想的坚实底座。
崇尚劳动、尊重劳动者，就能“为中国经济社会发展汇聚强大正能量”。
“劳动是人类的本质活动，劳动光荣、创造伟大是对人类文明进步规律的重要诠释”。
劳动精神，更应成为每个人的精神原色。
通过劳动，我们收获满足感、快乐感、尊严感，正是这些让我们挣脱物质的枷锁，拥有丰盈的精神世界。
或许，无论是对于一个国家、一个社会，还是每一个个体，面对“你将如何存在”的问题，劳动都是最好的回答。