中国哲学史的考试重点

中国哲学史的考试重点

以下内容是摘自书中，个人理解或多或少有不足之处敬请原谅。如有错误请及时提出更改。

一、翻译题（英译汉）共计十题

题目组成是关于仁和道的古文，题目为英语，答题用汉语。五句关于仁，五句关于道。

1.“The child cannot leave the arms of its parents until it is three years old.

This is why the three years' mourning is universally observed throughout the world.”

答：“子生三年，然后免于父母之怀。夫三年之丧，天下之通丧也。”

2.“Let the ruler be ruler, the minister minister, the father father, and the

son son”.

答：“君君，臣臣，父父，子子。”

3.“The superior man comprehends yi; the small man comprehends li.”

答：“君子喻于义，小人喻于利。”

4.“Do not do to others what you do not wish yourself.”答：

“己所不欲，勿施于人。”

5.“The man of jen is one who, desiring to sustain himself, sustains others, and

desiring to develop himself, develops others. To be able from one's own self to draw a parallel for the treatment of others; that may be called the way to practice jen.”

答：“夫仁者，己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。能近取譬，可谓仁之方也已。”

6.“Do not use what you dislike in your superiors in the employment of your

inferiors. Do not use what you dislike in your inferiors in the service of your superiors. Do not use what you dislike in those who are be-fore, to precede those who are behind. Do not use what you dislike in those who are behind, to follow those who are before. Do not use what you dislike on the right, to display toward the left. Do not use what you dislike on the left, to display toward the right. This is called the principle of applying a measuring square.”

答：“所恶于上毋以使下，所恶于下毋以事上，所恶于前毋以先后，所恶于后毋以从前，所恶于右毋以交壬左，所恶于左毋以交于右，此之谓絮矩之道。”

7.“Chung and shu are not far from the Way. What you do not like done to yourself,

do not do to others. ...Serve your father as you would require your son to serve you. ...Serve your ruler as you would require your subordinate to serve you....Serve your elder brother as you would require your younger brother to serve you. ...Set the example in behaving to your friends as you would require them t o behave to you...”

答：“忠恕违道不远，，施诸己而不愿，亦勿施于人。……所求乎子，以事父……所求乎臣，以事君……所求乎弟，以事兄……所求乎朋友，先施之……”

8.“Our master's teaching consists of the principle of chung and shu, and that

is all.”

答：“夫子之道，忠恕而已矣。”

9.“The reason why the superior man tries to go into politics, is because he holds

this to be right, even though he is well aware that his principle cannot prevail.”

答：“君子之仕也，行其义也。道之不行，已知之矣。”

10.“Is jen indeed far off? I crave for jen,and lo! jen is at hand.”

答：“仁远乎哉？我欲仁，斯仁至矣。”

11.“The wise are free from doubts; the virtuous from anxiety; the brave from

fear.”

答：“知者不惑，仁者不忧，勇者不惧。”

12.“The superior man is a lways happy; the small man sad.”

答：“君子坦荡荡，小人长戚戚。”

13.“The Tao that can be comprised in words is not the eternal Tao; the name that

can be named is not the abiding name. The Unnamable is the beginning of Heaven and Earth; the namab le is the mother of all things.”

答：“道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名。无名，天地之始；有名，万物之母。”14.“The Tao is eternal, nameless, the Uncarved Block...Once the block is carved,

there are names.”

答：“道常无名，朴。虽小，天下莫能臣。……始制有名。”

15.“T he Tao, lying hid, is nameless.”

答：“道隐无名。”

16.“The Unnamable is the beginning of Heaven and Earth; the namable is the mother

of all things.”

答：“无名，天地之始；有名，万物之母。”

17.“From the past to the present,，its [Tao's] name has not ceased to be, and

has seen the beginning [of all things].”

答：“自古及今，其名不去，以阅众甫。”

18.“All things in the world come into being from Being (Yu); and Being comes i nto

being from Non-being (VVu).”

答：“天下万物生于有，有生于无。”

19.“From Tao there comes one. From one there comes two. From two there comes three.

Fro m three there comes all things.”

答：“道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。”

20.“The way of Heaven has no favorites, it is invariab ly on the side of the good

man.”

答：“天道无亲，常与善人。”

21.“Reversing is the movement of the Tao.”

答：“反者道之动。”

22.“It is upon calamity that blessing leans, upo n blessing that calamity rests.”

答：“祸兮，福之所倚；福兮，祸之所伏。”

23.“The most yielding things in the world master the most unyielding.”

答：“天下之至柔，驰骋天下之至坚。”

24.“All t hings respect Tao and value Te.”

答：“万物莫不尊道而贵德”

25.“When the Tao is lost, there is the Te. When the Te is lost, there is [the

virtue of] human-heartedness. When human-heartedness is lost, there is [the virtue of] righteousness. When righteousness is lost, there are the ceremonials.

Ceremonials are the degeneration of loyalty and good faith, and are the begi nning of disorder in the world.”

答：“失道而后德，失德而后仁，失仁而后义，失义而后礼。夫礼者，忠信之薄而乱之首。”

26.“Tao invariably does nothing and yet the re is nothing that is not done.”

答：“道常无为，而无不为。”

27.“Does not make them enlightened, but keeps them ignorant.”

答：“古之善为道者，非以明民，将以愚之。”