英美文化复习
英美文化复习范围
英美文化考试范围（加强版）题型一、选择题55分二、填空题15分三、简答题 20分（4问）四、问答题 10分（2选1）具体范围一、选择题第1、3、5、10章课后选择题补充：Unit 11. The ancestors of the Welsh are ___A__.A. the CeltsB. the RomansC. the AnglesD. the Normans2. Which of the following is not one of the three Germanic tribes that came to be the basis of modern English race?AA. the Viking DanesB. the AnglesC. the SaxonsD. the Jutes3. The historical Arthur is believed by most historians as a _A__ warrior.A. Celtic B Anglo C Saxon D Norman4. For much of the Middle Ages, Britain was ruled by a(n) ___B___-speaking aristocracy.A. EnglishB. FrenchC. GermanD. GaelicUnit 21. One of the following took place during the Elizabethan age:BA. the making of the Magna CartaB. the defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English navyC. the rule of Alfred the GreatD. the defeat of King Harold by France2. In England, the monarch, D , declared that the Pope was no longer head of the Church of England.A. Bloody Mary C. King Henry VB. Queen Elizabeth I. D. King Henry VIII3. Three of the following were characteristics of the Elizabethan age. Which of the four is the exception? AA. Queen Elizabeth advocated the Divine Right and quarreled with Parliament.B. Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith.C. This was the age of literature when Shakespeare lived and when English literature blossomed.D. This was the age of adventure on the sea.4. Victorianism was characterized by the following except DA. It was in an age of imperialismB. It saw the great progress in sciences with Charles Darwin as a prominent figure.C. It was the age when the great progress was made in the field of communications.D. It was an age when the Battle of Hastings was won by the Duke of Wellington.Unit521. Which of the following states is called “the Old Colony State”? BA. PennsylvaniaB. MassachusettsC. DelawareD. Georgia22. The term “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____C_____.A. the Amazon River C. the Mississippi RiverB. the Nile River D. the Hudson River23. Which of the following was not first grown by Native Americans? BA. potato C. pumpkinB. cabbage D. corn24. The first colony at Jamestown in Virginia surv ived because the colonists discovered a way to earn money. Which of the following was discovered by the Virginians? BA. shipping cotton to EuropeB. growing tobacco in VirginiaC. making a profit by fishingD. growing cotton25. Three of the following were the motives of the English Puritans who went to New England as immigrants. Which was the exception? AA. They believed that the Church of England was not Catholic enough.B. They believed that the Church of England was too Catholic in religious practices.C. They were persecuted in England.D. They wanted to established a colony based on their own religious ideals.26. Thanksgiving Day is originally celebrated by people for __D___.A. healthB. safetyC. freedomD. harvest27. __C___ was the only Founding Father to sign the Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, the Treaty of Alliance with France, and the Treaty of Paris.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Benjamin FranklinD. John Adams28. The following words of wisdom were given by Benjamin Franklin except __B___A. A penny saved is a penny earned.B. All for one, one for all. ([法] Dumas pére大仲马)C. Time is money.D. Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.29. George Washington served _B____ term(s) as US President.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four30. The author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin was ______C______.A. Thomas PaineB. Barbara SmithC. Harriet Beecher StoweD. Mark Twain判断会变为选择题型39. The first English colony was set in (Jamestown in Virginia).40. The (bald eagle) was chosen as the representative of the United States.41. Geographically the United States can be roughly divided into three parts— the western part, the southern part and New England. (X)42. The (Rocky Mountains) are the backbone of North America.45. Pilgrim Fathers settled at Plymouth in (1620).46. The purpose of the First Continental Congress was to (放宽高压政策)47. (Benjamin Franklin) was the first to celebrate the American Dream.50. The Bill of Rights ensured the （individual liberties）51. Mount Rushmore is famous for the faces of four American Presidents, who are G. Washington, T. Jefferson, A. Lincoln, and T. Roosevelt. （此处有改动，原版为F.Roosevelt，是错误的）52. The Battle of Gettysburg was fought on July 1 and 2, 1863 and is considered the turning point in the (Civil War.)二、填空题Unit15. Normans under William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating the Saxon king Harold at the Battle of ___ ____ Hastings ____ in 1066.6.The full name of the United Kingdom is _ The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland___.6. The two largest islands of the British Isles are _ England ___ and __ Ireland.__. (此处有改动)7. All the kings of the Middle Ages in Britain spoke __ French ___ as their mother tongue, and after the Hundred Years’ War, the __ English ____ langua ge took its place.8. What are the main consequences of the Norman Conquest? The significance of Norman Conquest lies in the following aspects: the foundation of aristocracy, the final unification of England, the great administrative process, and a link to France.Unit 25. The Origin of Species was written by _____ Charles Darwin _________.6. All English official documents bear the initials OHMS which stands for ____ On Her Majesty’s Service ______.7 In Britain, the executive power is in the hands of __cabinet________.8. ____ Queen Victoria _____ takes the credit of the longest reign in British history.9. In the “Grab for Africa” (Britain) got the lion’s share, which confirmed its supremacy. Unit 51. The nickname for the USA national flag is “_____ Old Glory ________________”.2. The state of _____ Virginia _____ was named in honor of Queen Elizabeth I.3. As US national motto, “E Pluribus Unum” means ___ out of many, one ____________ 5. As pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, Mark Twain mean s _Mark numbertwo_________.6. The largest state in terms of area is __Alaska ________ and the largest state in terms of population is _California_________.7. The meaning of Mississippi is “_great waters_______”.8. Some _Puritans__________, called the Pilgrims, crossed the Atlantic in the ship Mayflower and settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620.9. The writer O. Henry called ___Thanksgiving________ the one holiday that is purely American.10. The first shot in the American War of Independence was heard at the village of__Lexington_________ on April 19, 1775.11. In May, 1775, ___the second Continental Congress_________ met in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government.12. On June 14, 1776, the second Continental Congress officially appointed _George Washington____ as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army.13. _Thomas Jefferson____ was instructed by the Committee of Five to write the Declaration of Independence.14. The Independence Day of the United States is on __July 4th___________.16. The famous “that this government of the people, by the people, for the people” was from _the Gettysburg Address_________17. The 2nd Amendment in the Bill of Rights granted the American people the right to keep and bear __arms________.三、简答题Unit18. What are the main consequences of the Norman Conquest?The significance of Norman Conquest lies in the following aspects: the foundation of aristocracy, the final unification of England, the great administrative process, a link to France, a great influence of French on English.(此处有改动，原版共四点，现改为五点) Unit210. What were the main features of the Elizabethan age?The Elizabethan age is often remmembered by two things. The first is literature, especially the William Shakespeare’s play. The second is marine adventure and the Establishment of maritime hegemony(不好意思，这个没记全，是我自己结合着写的)11. Explain the atmosphere of Victorianism.Victorianism was an age of national development and national optimism. Tremendous social reform took place. The greatist one of all was made in the field of communications. Victorianism family life had the quality of stability and the victorians were extremely religious. It was also an age of imperialism.Unit 535. What is the significance of the Second Continental Congress?In May 1775, the second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and began to assume the functions of a national government. It founded a Continental Army and Navy under the commond of George WashingtonOn June 11th, 1776, the second Continental Congress appointed a committee of five men to draft a Declaration of Independence,The young Thomas Jefferson was chosen by the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence, which the congress adopted on July 4th, 1776.37. What social problems did the American Civil War solve?The war resolved two fundamental questions that had divided the United States since 1776.It put an end to slavery, which was completely abolished by the 13th Amendment to the constitution in 1865.It also decided, once and for all, that American was not a collection of semi-independent states, but a single indiv isible nation.四、问答题（2选1作答，不少于100字）1、美国枪支泛滥what do you think of the wide spread of gun in the US？2、君主立宪制。
英美文化复习
英美文化复习Unit 11. National flower---roseFlag—the Union flag or the Union JackAnthem---God Save the Queen2。
hard—workingthoroughopen-heartedhospitablegenerous2. Component parts of the country-——Northern Ireland 、Scotland、England、WalesUnit 21. National flower ：roseBird ：The Bald EagleFlag ：The Stars and Stripesanthem ：The Stars and Stripes ForeverGreat seal : 美国国徽美国风光欣赏(20张）外围为两个同心圆，内有一只白头海雕（秃鹰）雄踞中央，双翼展开,其右爪握一束橄榄枝，左爪握13支利箭,尖嘴中叼着一条飘带，上用拉丁文写着“合众为一"Uncle Sam ：“山姆大叔”是美国的绰号，被用来代指“美国”或“美国政府”，主要在美国、英国,尤其是在新闻界中使用较多。
I need you 用于征兵2。
Ethnic group：White： 65％Latin American descent:16。
5%Black： 12。
9％Asian: 4.6%Native American (American Indians and Inuit) :1。
2％.3. History:Westward movement： 1789—1859Independence War: 1775-1789Civil War： 1860-1865Great Depression: 1929-1933Civil rights movement: 1955–19684. 补充Civil WarTime： From April,1861 to April， 1865Two sides of the war: The Northern States ＆ the Southern StatesCauses of the war： The South wanted to keep black slaves while the north was against slavery.The South wanted to set up a country of their own but the north said it was wrong.Results of the war: The North won and the two sides joined up again。
英美文化常识
About American1.What is the full name of America?The United States of America2 How many states are there in the United States?Fifty states3 What is the capital of the USAWashington D.C.4 Where is the Stature of Liberty?In New York5 Where does the American president live ?In the white houseAbout Britain1 What does UK stand for ?The United Kingdom2 What us the full name of the UK?The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3What are the four parts of the UK?England,Scotland,Wales,and Northern Ireland.4In which continent is the UK situated?In Europe.5 By which channel is the UK separatedThe English ChannelAbout China1.How many ethnic groups are there in China?562.In which continent is China locatedIn Asia3. what are the four great inventions in ancient China?Paper-making,printing,gunpowder,and the compass4. What is the largest island in China?Taiwan Island5. When was the people’s Republic of China founded?On October 1st,19496. How many stars are there on the national flag of China?Five7 .Name three neighboring countries of China(The answer varies.It could be any three of them) japan,Vietnam,Russia,Cambodia,Laos,etc) three well -known scenic spots in Beijing(The answer varies.It could be any three of them) The Great Wall,the Summer Palace,the Imperial Palace,Tian’anmen Square,etc.9 .Why do the Chinese people usually eat at the Mid-Autumn FestivalThey celebrate the it to honor the great poet Qu Yuan10. what do Chinese people usually eat at the Mid-Autumn Festival.Moon cakes.11.What is the most important traditional festival in China? The spring Festival12. what do the Chinese do on New Year’s Eve?Family members get together and have a big dinner.13. what do people eat on the Lantern Festival?Rice dumplings14. What animal is called “The National Treasure of China”? The panda.。
英美文化概况复习
I Gap filling1.Great Britain is composed of three countries which are respectively called____________, ____________, and ____________.2.The two chambers that make up the British Parliament are known as_____________________ and_____________________.3.The first course of an English dinner normally consists of ____________and____________.4.The Wars of the Roses derived its name from the ____________ of the two rivalnoble houses.5.The capital of Scotland is _____________ which is well-known for its natural beauty.6.The US system of government is known for _____________________. Under it, thefederal government is divided into three branches: _____________, _____________, and _____________.7.The guiding principle and goal of American culture is pursuit of _____________ and_____________.8.The _____________ and the _____________are the most typical symbol of EasterDay.9.For President Lincoln, the first objective of Civil War was_____________________while the second objective was _____________________.10.The movement started by African Americans for equal rights with whites has beenknown as the _____________________.11. The two chambers that make up the British Parliament are known as_________________and _____________________.12. The monarch summons and dissolves Parliament at the request of the________________.13. Suspects in Britain are entitled to a _____________________ right, which meansthey have the right not to answer any question.14. Today the British middle class accounts for over ___________of the total population.15. The founding of circuits led to the founding of the ___________system in England.16. The Norman Conquest of 1066 was led by ___________.17. The US Supreme Court is composed of one___________ and eight___________.18. The consensus of two-thirds of Congressmen can override thePresident’s___________.19. The American concept of food is often represented by what is ___________, such ashamburgers.20. The traditional Christmas colors are ___________and___________.21. The___________was the direct cause to force the English government to resort toarms.22. The US Congress often uses the___________clause to broaden its powers.II Definition Explanation1. Constitutional monarchy2.Robin Hood3.Afternoon tea4.Enlightenment Declaration of Independence6. Ku Klux Klan7. Mayflower Compact8.Stonehenge9.Life peers 10. Great MigrationIII Question Answering1.What’s the function of the British Parliament?2. What are the four principles of the US government system?3. What do you know about Hundred Year’s War and its effect on both England and France?4. What is the difference between UK, England, Britain, Great Britain (GB) and British Isles?5. Why is Britain called a welfare state?6. Say something about the English inheritance system based on primogeniture.7. Do you think America should be linked to a melting pot or a mosaic? Why?8. What was the historical background of America people’s deep love of nature and landscapes?9. What do you know about Thanksgiving Day?10. What are effects of Industrial Revolution?。
英美文化复习重点
英美文化复习重点第一章古代西方哲学的发展一、Greek RationalismThe word “philosophy” is Greek for “love of wisdom” and has come to mean a systematic search for answers to life’s great questions.P11 Socrates (470—399 B.C.)名言⑴“One thing only I know, and that is that I know nothing”P3⑵“he who know what good is, will do good.”P42 Plato (428—347 B.C.)名言⑴ The earlier natural philosophers asked “what allows our changing world to be based on something that is unchanging?”(不是Plato说的)Plato now asked, “what is eternally true”, “eternally beautiful”and “eternally good”? 真善美 P4⑵ If Plato’s motto was “mind over matter”then Aristotle’s motto was “matter over mind.”如果柏拉图的座右铭是“精神高于物质”，那么亚里士多德的格言是“财富高于物质” P53 Aristotle (385—323 B.C.)二、The Middle Ages(ca 476 A.D.—ca 1400A.D.)三、The Renaissance(ca 1400--1700)1 Rene Descartes (1596--1650) 笛卡尔 P8⑴He did not believe that man knew nothing. This belief led him to ask another important question, “what is the relatio nship between the body (matter) and the mind (spirit)?” according to Descartes, the human body is a perfect machine, followingnatural laws. But man also has a mind which interacts or operates independently from the body. 人体是一个完美的机器，遵循自然规律。
英美文化教程
英美文化教程复习资料一、知识点：英国部分1、英国组成，国旗，国歌：The United Kingdom of Great Britian and Northern Ireland is a union made up of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.The Union Jack is the national flag and God Save the King/Queen is used as the national anthem.2、英国语言经历点阶段：he history of the English language has generally been divided into Old English, spoken by theancient Germans lasting from 450 to 1150; Middle English from 1151 to 1500; and Modern English beginning from 1501.3、抵抗丹麦的皇帝：Alfred the Great, King of Wessex大宪章：The Great CharterThe Great Charter is a most important document in England history. It has been called “the corner stone” of English history. The Great Charter provides that the king should permit merchants to move about freely and should observe the privileges of the various towns, which were growing in number and size.4、宪章运动In 1837 the London Workingman’s Association worked out the famous document, The People’s CharterThe People’s Charter constituted six points:（人民宪章）(1)Votes for all males.(2)Annual election of Parliament (instead of general election every seven years).(3)Payment of Members of Parliament (so that poor men could afford to take part in political activities).(4)Secret voting (so that to avoid bribery and intimidation).(5)Abolition of property qualifications for Parliament Members (so that workers could seek to be elected).(6)Equal electoral districts (so that the large population of the workers could enjoy a corresponding share of thevotes).The People’s Charter was formally adopted at a meeting of workers held on August 8, 1838, on Newhall Hill.In 1840, the Chartist Movement witnessed the second upsruge.In 1848, the Chartist Movement expericenced the third and last upsruge.5、英国两院制上议院、下议院(议会)The parliament(议会) is bicameral (两院制), with an upper house, the non-elected House of Lords, and a lower house, the elected House of Commons.The House of Lords includes two different types of members: the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temproal.The House of Lords today is more a place of discussion and debate than one of substantial power. It main functions include debating the issues of the day and improving certain non-tax bills inadequately considered by the Commons before they are passed into low. In some rare cases, it may delay the passage of bills approved by the Commons, but only for up to a year.The House of Commons is a democratically elected chamber with elections to it, held at least every 5 years. The two Houses meet in separate chambers in the Palace of Westminster, in the City of Westminster in London. House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the UK. The Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 646 members. The leader of the party with the majority of seats becomes the Prime Minister, head of the government. He or she then chooses an inner cabinet of key ministers and appoints junior ministers in various ministers.Power:1.Legislative(立法权)：The House of Commons has the supreme authority of the legislation, their motion can directly get Royal Assent.2.finace power(财政权)：only the house of commons has the right to propose the motion on tax or supply(只有下议院才有权力提出税收及供应的权力)3.Suprvise the government (监督政府)：as the head of the government, if the prime minister wants to continue in office, he/she must be admitted by the House of Commons. It has the right to impeach(弹劾) the prime minister or the government. Functions: Members of Parliament are involved in considering can drafting new laws.MPs can use their position to ask government ministers questions about current issues.To supervise, or oversee finance.6、两大政党The Conservative Party: 1 relatively rich and privileged;2 maintenance of the existing institutions as itspolicy;3last word in deciding policy by its leader;4 conference for the leader’guidance but a device for making the party’s policyThe Labor Party: 1 relatively poor and underprivileged; 2 strong in the heavily-populated industrial areas and particularly associated with the working class; 3 nationwide organization, few resources and heavily depends on the trade unions; 4 conference for making the party policy(1)The Conservative Party supports free enterprise and privatization of state-owned enterprises. It is against too muchgovernment intervention, especially nationalization, which not only takes control away from the owners and builders of industry, but also leads to inefficiency. The Conservative Party favors reducing the influence of trade unions and minimizing expenditures on social welfare. It policies are characterized by pragmatism and a belief in individualism. (2)The Labor Party believes in an egalitarian(平等主义的) economy, transferring wealth from the rich to the poor by meansof taxing the most affluent members of society and providing support for the poor in society. They deem the government responsible for the provision of range of public services, such as social welfare, education and public transport. The Labor government that came to power in 1945 had a major effect on British society. It set up the National Health Service to provide high quality, free health care for all, “from cradle to grave”, providing a range of welfare payments, and most controversially, it “nationalized”a wide range of industries, making a mixed economy of both private-and state-owned enterprises. The Labor Party became known as a party of high taxation.7.The Open University （开放大学）a degree-granting institution that provides courses of study for adults of all ages through television, radio, produced books, audio/video cassettes, correspondence courses and local study programmes.8. 19世纪末英国经济绝对—相对衰退Absolute Decline and Relative Decline9英国教育：四大私立中学，大学四大私立中学：Eton Harrow Rugby Winchester大学：Ancient Universities founded before the 19th centuryLondon Universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuriesRed Brick Universities founded in the 19th and early 20th centuriesPlate Glass Universities founded in the 1960sThe Open Universities founded in 1968 (重点)P137New Universities created in or after 1992古老的大学：The university of Oxford(历史更久)；The university of Cambridge10 “British history has been a history of invasions”.British history has been a history of invasions. Before the 1st century AD Britain was made up of tribal kingdoms of Celtic people. They brought the central European culture to Britain. Then in 43AD, Roman Empire invaded Britain and controlled it f or slave society but also disseminated their Catholicism.However, in the 5th century, the Roman Empire rapidly waned in power and Britain was conquered by the Angles and the Saxons. In order to defend the Saxons, a great leader—King Arthur appeared. He created the "round table" to satisfy all the kni ghts' requirement of having equal precedence. Thus it gradually formed the monarchy in Britain as a more democratic system. Whether Arthur's a real person in the history or not, Anglo-Saxons did succeed in invading Britain and they were the forefathers of the English.In the 8th century, the Vikings from Denmark controlled the northern and eastern England. An Anglo-Saxon hero, king Alf red the Great fought against the Vikings with the truly English. And that's why there's a certain cultural difference between nort herners and southerners in England. Later, the Normans from northern France, under the leading of William of Normandy, kille d the king and William became the First of England. They imported a ruling class that French-speaking Norman aristocracy rule d Saxon and English-speaking population. In this condition, there weren't a lot of rebellions among the English people. That dir ectly formed an English unique character: a richly unconventional interior life hidden by an external conformity. Even today, w e can still find this personality from the British people through their lifestyles.In fact, such invasion is a peaceful history of joining together the various parts of the British Isles and the power graduall y transferred from the monarch to the parliament. So the constitutional monarchy has been established in Britain.11.English Language (s三个阶段)：old English period—middle English period---modern English period二、英国选择、填空、简答题1、The British Isles are situated in the northwest of the Europe.2、The highland zone is an area of high hills and mountains in the north and east of Britain.3、The Pennine Chain is sometimes called the backbone of England.4、The Severn River is the longest river in Britain.5、Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is the largest lake in the UK.6、The British Isles are cut off from the continent by the English Channel.7、On the north and the east, the Isles face the North Sea and on the west they face the Atlantic Ocean.8、The highland zone is cooler than the lowland zone, and receives more rainfall and less sunlight.9、The Highlands act as a divide and determine whether rivers flow west to the Irish Sea or east to the North Sea.10、The seven Conurbations in Britain contain one third of the population of the country.11、The English people are descendants of Anglo-Saxons.12、Middle English took shape about a century after the Norman Conquest.13、London dialect was once disseminated throughout the country NOT because London was a D center.A. commercialB. politicalC. printingD. linguistic14、Scotland has had a separate legal system.15、The English people are the descendants of Anglo-Saxons , while the Scots, Welsh and Irish are the descendants of the Celts.16、Generally speaking, the British Parliament operates on a two-party system.17、In Britain, the parliament general election is held every five years.18、The policies of the Conservative Party are characterized by pragmatism and a belief in individual.19、The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it set up the National Health Service.20、Other countries have “citizens”. But in Britain people are legally described as subject.21、Elizabeth II succeeded to the throne in 1952.22、Which of the followings in not RIGHT to describe the Prime Minister? DA The head of CabinetB The head of civil serviceC The leader of the Party in powerD The head of the country23、The third largest political party in Britain is the Liberal Party.24、The British economy achieved global dominance by 1880s.25、Which of the following statements is NOT true about the UK economy? CA. Britain remains one of the Group of Seven largest industrial economies.B. Britain has experienced a relative economic decline in 1945.C. There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.D. Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capital.26、Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK? DA. Beef cattleB. Dairy cattleC. ChichenD. Sheep27、Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK? CA. FordB. PeugeotC. RoverD.BMW28、In the aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain? The US and Russia29、Which of the following is NOT a company in the energy sector? BA. ShellB. ICIC. PTZD. British Gas30、”The Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire India, which provided raw material and a big market for British goods, gained independence in 1947.31、Since 1945, the UK economy has experienced relative decline rather than absolute decline.32、In recent years, Britain is second only to the US as a destination for international direct investment.33、The UK economy can be divided into three main sectors: primary industries, secondary industries and tertiary industries.34、Englishman Frank Whittle developed the world’s first jet engine in 1937.35、What kind of secondary schools now receives the largest number of students? Comprehensive schools36、Which is incorrect to describe the independent schools? CA. They are public schools. C. They are fee-free schools.B. They emphasize the importance of character training. D. Many of them are boarding schools.37、Open University communicates with its students mainly by radio, television programs, local study programmes.38、The University of Buckingham is a privately funded university in Britain.39、If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the exam called General Certificate of Education-Advanced.40、Easter commemorates the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ41、On which day is Halloween celebrated? October 3142、Where are the international tennis championships held? Wimbledon43、Which one in the following is famous for its literary and dramatic criticism? DA. The EconomistB. The SpectatorC.TribuneD. Punch44、Which one of the following is NOT particularly British Christmas tradition? CA.Enjoying the Pantomime C.Eating chocolate eggs.B.The Queen broadcasting her Christmas message D.Shopping on the Boxing Day.45、Margaret Thatcher was the United Kingdom’s first woman Prime Minister.46、Margaret Thatcher’s nickname is the Iron Lady三、知识点：美国部分1、美国简介The United States shares land borders with Canada and Mexico and a water border with Russia.It national day is on 4th of July (Independence Day).Washington, D.C. is the capital of the United States of America.George Washington is the first president.Flag: Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, and the Star-Spangled Banner.The bald eagle was chosen on June 20, 1782 as the emblem.National anthem is the Star - Spangled Banner.The Great Lakes: Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario.2、二战与美国America in WWII: 1 From Isolation to Intervention(隔离-干预)2 Battle Against Germany (Normandy Landing诺曼底登陆1944)3 Battle Against Japan(The Pearl Harbor incident 珍珠港事件导火线---- T he Battle of Midway 中途岛战役1942<the turning point of the war>)America After WWII:1Truman and Cold War（The Truman Doctrine 杜鲁门主义）2The Eisenhower Doctrine （艾森豪威尔主义）3The Bay of Pigs Invasion and the Cuban Missile Crisis（猪湾事件和古巴导弹危机）3、美国政治：Three Branches of the American Government(三权分立)The federal government has three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial. Through a system of separation of powers and the system of "checks and balances," each of these branches has some authority to act on its own, some authority to regulate the other two branches, and has some of its own authority, in turn, regulated by the other branches. The policies of the federal government have a broad impact on both the domestic and foreign affairs of the United States. In addition, the powers of the federal government as a whole are limited by the Constitution.The legislative branch consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives, collectively known as the Congress. There are 100 senators; each state has two. Each state has a different number of representatives, with the number determined by the state's population. At present, there are 435 members of the House. The legislative branch, as a whole, is charged with passing the nation's laws and allocating funds for the running of the federal government and providing assistance to the 50 U.S. states.The executive branch The chief executive of the United States is the President, who, together with the vice president, is elected to a four-year term. A crucial function of the executive branch is to ensure that laws are carried out and enforced to facilitate such day-to-day responsibilities of the federal government as collecting taxes, safeguarding the homeland and representing the United States' political and economic interests around the world.The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which is the only court specifically created by the Constitution. Thejudicial branch consists of the United States Supreme Court and lower federal courts. Its primary function is to hear cases that challenge legislation or require interpretation of that legislation. The U.S. Supreme Court has nine Justices, who are chosen by the President, confirmed by the Senate, and have a lifetime appointment.4、美国宗教特征: Distinctive Characteristics1.freedom and toleration2.pluralism and diversity3.prospects5、美国教育：The Ivy League（常春藤联）:Harvard UniversityYale University University of Pennsylvania Princeton University Columbia University Brown University Cornell University Dartmouth College四．美国题目1.The United States has altogether fifty states.2.Alaska is the largest state in land area and Rhode Island the smallest.3.Before their conversion to farmland, the Great Plains were noted for their extensive grasslands.4.The longest river in America is Missouri River.ke Superior has the largest surface area of any freshwater lake in the world.6.The climate of the United States, as a whole, can be classified as temperate.7.The Great Plains and Midwest, due to the contrasting air masses, sees frequent severe thunderstorms andtornado outbreaks during spring and summer.8.One natural disaster that frequents the country are hurricanes, which can hit anywhere along the Gulf Coastor the Atlantic Coast as well as Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean.9.The American Northwest sees the highest concentration of active volcanoes in the United States, inWashington, Oregon and northern California along the Cascade Mountains.10.America has plenty of fertile soil. Farmlands in the United States make up about 12% of the arable lands inthe world, and they are among the richest and most productive ones.11.The United States shares land borders with Canada and Mexico, and a water border with Russia.12.The United States secured its independence from Great Britain in 1783.13.The United States ranks as the fourth largest country in the world after Russia, Canada, and China.14.The five Great Lakes are located in the north-central portion of the country, four of them forming part ofthe border with Canada.15.Of the 13 British colonies only Connecticut and Rlode Island.16.The First Continental Congress was attended by the representatives from all the colonies EXCEPT DA. DelawareB.PennsylvaniaC.MassachusettsD.Georgia17.The victory of Saratoga was the turning point of the War of Inpendence.18.When the Second War of Inpendence broke out in 1812, the US President was James Madison.19.The Mexican territories annexed by US and as a result of the Mexican War include the following statesEXCEPT AA.OregonB.TexasC. CaliforniaD.Arizona20.Which of the following is NOT the measure taken by Lincoln’s Administration in 1862 to change the situationand win the Civil War? DA.The passage of the Homestead Act.B.The issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation.C.The allowance of Negroes to join the Union Army.D.The ordering of the Union Army to take over Richmond.21.The US imperialism was marked by all the following EXCEPT CA.highly developed industryB.high concentration of capitalC.free business competitionD.overseas territorial expansion22.When the First World War began, President Wilson immediately called upon the American people to observestrict neutrality.23.The Post-WWII program of economic assistance to Western Europe was known as Marshall Plan.24.Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. advocated the philosophy of nonviolence.。
英美社会文化复习资料
英美社会文化复习资料第一部分英国概况The United KingdomLand and PeopleI. Different Names for Britain and its Parts1.Geographical names: the British Isles, Great Britain and England.。
2. Official name: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3. The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones.4. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.(1) England is in the southern part of Great Britain. It is the largest, most populous section.(3) Wales is in the west of Great Britain. Capital: Cardiff(4) Northern Ireland is the fourth region of the UK. Capital: Belfast.II. Geographical Features1.Geographical position of Britain:Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and theNorth Sea in the east.Britain does not share land border with any other countries except the Republic of Ireland.III. Rivers and LakesSevern River is the longest river in Britain (338km).Thames River is the second longest and most important river in Britain. (336km)IV. Climate1. Britain's favorable climateBritain has a maritime climate-winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range.V. The PeopleThe ancestors of the British people are Anglo-Saxons, the Scots, Welsh, Irish and Celts.British HistoryI. Roman Britain (55BC-410AD)1.British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion. In 55BC and 54BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. For nearly 400 years, Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation.2. Roman’s influence on Britain.The Roman built many towns, road, baths, temples and buildings. They make good use of Britain’s natural resources. They also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.II. The Anglo-Saxons (446-871)1. Basis of Modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons.In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders, Jutes, Saxons, and Angles came to Britain. They were three Teutonic tribes.The Jutes, who fished and farmed in Jutland, came to Britain first. A Jutish chief became the King of Kent in 449. Then the Saxons, users of the short-sword from northern Germany,established their kingdom in Essex, Sussex and Wessex from the end of the 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century. In the second half of the 6th century. In the second half of the 6th century, the Angles, who also came from northern Germany and were to give their name to theEnglish people, settled in East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. These seven principal kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria have been given the name of Heptarchy.2. The early Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity.The Anglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. Christianity soon disappeared, except among the Celts of Cornwall, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. In 597, Pope Gregory I sent St. Augustine, the Prior of St. Andrew’s Monastery in Rome, to England to convert the heathen English to Christianity. In 579 St. Augustine became the first Archbishop of Canterbury. He was remarkably successful in converting the king and the nobility, but the conversion of the common people was largely due to the missionary activities of the monks in the north.3. The Early Anglo-Saxons make the contributions to the British state. The Anglo-Saxons laid the foundations of the English state. Firstly, they divided the country into shires, with shire courts and shire reeves, or sheriffs, responsible for administering law. Secondly, they devised the narrow-strip, three-field farming system which continued to the 18th century. Thirdly, they also established the manorialsystem. Finally, they created the Witan（council or meeting of the wisemen）to advise the king, the basis of the Privy Council which still exists today.III. The Norman Conquest (1066)1. Reasons for William’s invasion of England after Edward’s death.It was said that King Edward had promised the English throne to William, but the Witan chose Harold as king. So William led his army to invade England. In October 1066, during the important battle of Hastings, William defeated Harold and killed him. One Christmas Day, William was crowned king of England, thus beginning the Norman Conquest of England.2. The English is a mixture of nationalities of different origins. The ancestors of many English people were the ancient Angles and Saxons. Some English people are of the Norman-French origin.The Shaping of the Nation (1066-1381)I. Norman Rule (1066-1381)II. Contents and the significance of the Magna Carter (Great Charter) Great Charter was signed by King John in 1215 under the press of the barons. It consists of sixty-three clauses.Its important provisions are as follows: (1) no tax should be madewithout the approval of the Grand Council; (2) no freemen should be arrested, imprisoned or deprived of their property; (3) the Church should possess all its rights, together with freedom of elections; (4) London and other towns should retain their traditional rights and privileges, and (5) there should be the same weights and measures throughout the country. Although The Great Charter has long been popularly regarded as the foundation of English liberties, it was a statement of the feudal and legal relationships between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of the Great Charter was thelimitation of the powers of the king, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.III. The origins of the English ParliamentThe Great Council is known to be the prototype of the current British Parliament. In 1265, Simon de Montfort summoned the Great Council, together with two knights from each county and two citizens from each town. It later developed into the House of Lords and the House of Commons. Its main role was to offer advice. There were no elections or parties. And the most important part of Parliament was the House of Lords.Henry VIII’s reform stresse d the power of the monarch and certainly strengthened Henry’s position; Parliament had never done such a long and important piece of work before, its importance grew as a result. His attack on the Pop e’s power encouraged many critics of abuses of the Catholic Church. England was moving away form Catholicism towards protestaintism.I.Elizabeth I (1558-1603)Elizabeth's religious reform and her foreign policyElizabeth's religious reform was a compromise of views. She broke Mary's ties with Rome and restored her father's independent Church of England, i.e. keeping to Catholic doctrines and practices but to be free of the Papal control. He religious settlement was unacceptable to both the extreme Protestants known as Puritans and to ardent Catholics.For nearly 30 years Elizabeth successfully played off against each other the two great Catholic powers, France and Spain, and prevented England from getting involved in any major European conflict. Through her marriage alliances which were never materialized, Elizabeth managed to maintain a friendlyrelationship with France. So England wad able to face the danger from Spain.The English Civil War:is also called the Puritan Revolution. It has been seen as a conflict between the parliament and the King, and a conflict between economic interests of the Crown. The economic interests of the urban middle classed coincided with their religious (Puritan) ideology while the Crown’s traditional economic interests correspondingly allied with Anglican religious belief. The English Civil War not only overthrew feudal system in England but also shook the foundation of the feudal rule in Europe. It is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.II. The Industrial Revolution (1780-1830)1.The industrial Revolution refers to the mechanisation of industry and the consequent changes in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.2.Britain was the first country to industrialize.(6) James Watt’s steam engine in 1765.3. Aggression against ChinaIn 1840, the Opium War broke out between Britain and China. Since then, Britain gradually invaded many coastal areas and imposed a series of unequal treaties upon China.5. Mrs. ThatcherThatcherism referred to the policies put forward by Margaret Thatcher, the first woman prime minister in England in 1979. The main contents of her policies included the return to private ownership of state-owned industries, the use of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, andan emphasis on law and order. To some extent her program was successful and she led one of the most remarkable periods in the British economy.Chapter Four. Government and AdministrationThe United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, the head of state is a king or a queen. The United Kingdom is governed, in the name of the Sovereign by His or Her Majesty’s Government. The System of parliamentary government is not based on a written constitution, the British constitution is not set out in any single document. It is made up of statute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interprets statutes.I. The Monarchy1.Elizabeth II, her title in the United Kingdom is “Elizabeth theSecond, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her Other Realms and Territories, Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.2. The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, she is head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, the head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces and the “supreme governor” of the Church of England. She gives Royal Assent to Bills passed by parliament.3. Th e monarch actually has no real power. The monarch’s power is limited by law and Parliament. Constitutional monarchy began after the Glorious Revolution in 1688.III. Parliament1.The United Kingdom is a unitary, not a federal, state. Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and theHouse of Commons.2. The main functions of Parliament are:(1) to pass laws;(2) to provide, by voting for taxation, the means of carrying on the work of government;(3) to examine government Policy and administrations, including proposal for expenditure; and(4) to debate the major issues of the day.3. The House of Lords is made up of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal. The main function of the House of Lords is to bring the wide experience of its members into the process of lawmaking. In other words, the non-elected House is to act as a chamber of revision, complementing but not rivaling the elect House.4. The House of Common is elected by universal adult suffrage and consists of 651 Members of Parliament (MPs). It is in the House of Commons that the ultimate authority.A grammar school is one of several different types of school in the history of education in the United Kingdom and some otherEnglish-speaking countries, originally a school teaching classical languages but more recently an academically-oriented secondary school.第二部分：美国概况The United States美国概况Chapter One. Geography and Climate1. Alaska and Hawaii are the two newest states in American. Alaska northwestern Canada and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.2. The U.S has a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers. Itis the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia, Canada and China.3. Of all states of American, Alaska is the largest in area and Rhode Island the smallest. But on the mainland Texas is the largest sate of the country.4. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as the Continental Divide.5. The two main mountain ranges in American are the Appalachian mountains and the Rocky mountains. The Appalachians run slightly from the northeast to southwest and the Rocky mountains run slightly from the northwest to southeast.6．The Mississippi River is the largest river in American, over 6000 kilometers. The Mississippi has been cal led “father of waters” or “old man river”.7. On the Pacific side there are two great rivers: the Colorado in thesouth and the Columbia , which rises in Canada.8. The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States.9. The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake Superior, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world, Lake Michigan, the only entirely in the U.S., Lake Huron, Lake Eire and Lake Ontario. They are located between Canada and the United States except Lake Michigan.Cities14. New England is made up of six states of the Northeast. Because of its stony soil it is not noted for its agriculture .Dairying is the most important farm activity, New England is also well-known for its position in education, Many famous universitiesand colleges such as Yale, Harvard, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) are located here.15. New Englanders were originally knows as Yankees, which came to stand for all American.16. The Middle Atlantic States have about one fifth of the total population of the united states.17. The soil is rich, the rain usually plentiful and the growing season long. These factors make the Midwest America’s most important agricultural area .It is also a major manufacturing region and thenation’s leading center of heavy industry.18. Chicago, the largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes, is the largest industrial and commercial center of the area19. Detroit is known as the automobile capital of the world. Omaha is known as the agricultural capital of the United States.20. Dry farming, irrigation farming, and the cattle and sheep herding are the main activities of the Great Plains of the American West. 21. Colorado has been called the steel city of the west, Denver is the largest city of the Great Plains.22. The largest groups of Native Americans are found on the Colorado Plateau.23. Mmauna Loa, the world’s largest volcano, is located on Haiwaii and erupts from time to time, Suger cane and pineapples are Haiwaii’s main crops. Tourism is Haiwaii’s most important industry.24. Honolulu is the capital of Haiwaii and Juneau is the capital of Alaska.Chapter Two ：Population, Race and Ethnic Groups1. The United States of the American is the third most populous county in the world after China and India.2. Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth. The United States has a more or less open-door policy to immigrantsfrom independence until 1960s. Ellis Island of New York was an important immigration reception spot in the 1890s and at the turn of the century.3. Almost 20 million people or 7.8% of the total population were immigrants in 1992. Between 80% and 90% of immigration to the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic countries.4. Arizona, Nevada, and Florida have been the fastest growing states in population for the last 20 years.5. The first immigrants in the American history came from England and Netherlands.6. The first of these immigration waves in the mid-1810s and reached the highest point in 1845.The second wave covered the period between 1860 and 1890. The largest of the three immigration wave in American was from 1890-1914.7.One in five American moves to a new home every year seeking new job opportunity, a better climate of other goals.8. Traditionally, the mainstream American were called WASPs, that is ,White Anglo-Saxon Protestants.Chapter Three: American HistoryAmerican history (1)1. The "first American "were the Indians. The first English colonyin the Americas was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607.Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North American.2. In 1620,201 Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. They arrived at Plymouth and built thePlymouth colony.3. From 1630 to 1643, some 200 ships transported over 20000 Englishmen to the Massachusetts Bay colony.4. The colonists were building a new way of life in the New World. There were a number of features which would play a role in forming the American character. They were representative from of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.5. In September 1744, the First Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia which encouraged American to refuse to buy British goods.6. The Declaration of Independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. The Declaration is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the revolution and this theory came from the British philosopher John Locke.8. In September ,1783, the Treaty of Paris was signed, Britain recognized the independence of the USA9. The Federalist Papers are regarded as the best explanation of theconstitution as well as one of the most important works on political theory.10. The first ten amendments to the U.S Constitution, which was called the Bill of Rights, adopted in 1791 which promise to protect individuals’ rights.11. The Articles of Confederation was accepted by all the states by Match 1781.It has two serious weaknesses:1>there was no national executive of law-enforcing branch;2>Congress has no power to raise taxes. A conference was held in Philadelphia in May 1787 to consider what should be done to make the Articles of Confederation adequate. All of the states except Rhode Islandwere represented at the Consititutional Convention.12. The U.S went to war with Britain in 1812, the last war fought between these two countries.13. During the 13 years of Indian wars after the War of Independence, the Americans forced England to give up the Old Northwest and they forced Spain to open the Mississippi river. Their crossing of the Mississippi helped persuade Napoleon to sell the Louisiana Territory to the U.S.14. In the Civil war, Lincoln realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery. So he issued the famous Emancipation Proclamation. 15. OnNovember 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln made a short speech on the occasion of dedicating the national cemetery at Gettysburg. He ended his speech with these memorable words: “That government of the people, by the people, for the pe ople, shall not perish from the earth.”American History(2)（1900-1945)1．In 1880, the U.S ranked first in the world in the production of steel; in 1900,the U.S. produced 245million tons of coal, ranking first in the world.2．Large corporation, urbanization and new technology were the three features in the growth of American economy at the beginning of the 20th century.3．In 1903, the Wright brothers flew a plane for a brief 12 seconds at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. This was the beginning of the appearance of the plane. In 191, Glenn E. Curiss designed and flew a successful plane.4．At the beginning of the WWI, the U.S. was impartial neither in action, nor in thought. It pursued a policy of pro-Allypartiality. 5．The 1920s in the U.S. has been described by many historians as a period of material success and spiritual frustration or confusion and purposelessness.6．The stock market crash was the beginning of long economicdepression in the late 1920S and 1930S.7．The aim of President Roosevelt’s New measures wa s to save American democracy and the capitalist system.罗斯福总统“新政：措施的目的在于”拯救美国民主“及克服资本主义制度有史以来最严重的经济制度。
英美文化差异知识点总结
英美文化差异知识点总结1. 语言差异英国和美国的英语有一些差异，主要表现在发音、拼写和词汇上。
比如，美国人通常会用“center”来表示“中心”，而英国人则会用“centre”。
此外，美国人口音通常更加平原，而英国人的口音则带有更多的浓郁地方特色。
2. 民俗活动差异英国和美国的民俗活动也有很大的差异。
比如，英国人喜欢举行独立日游行、庆祝美国独立日等活动，而美国人则更倾向于参加热气球节、感恩节、万圣节等传统庆典。
3. 政治体制差异英国的政治体制是君主立宪制，美国的政治体制是总统制。
这两种不同的政治体制在治理方式上有一些明显的差异。
例如，英国的首相由议会选举产生，而总统则是由普选产生。
4. 饮食习惯差异英美两国的饮食习惯也有所不同。
英国人普遍喜欢喝茶，而美国人则更喜欢喝咖啡。
此外，在食物口味上也有很大的差异，比如，英国人喜欢吃薯条和炸鱼，而美国人则更喜欢吃汉堡和炸鸡。
5. 社交礼仪差异英美两国的社交礼仪也有一些差异。
比如，在用餐时，英国人通常会使用刀和叉来进食，而美国人则更喜欢使用刀叉和勺子来进食。
此外，英国人比较保守，对于性话题的谈论比较忌讳，而美国人则比较开放，性话题在社交中更容易被提及。
6. 宗教信仰差异英国和美国的宗教信仰也有很大的差异。
英国是一个多元宗教的国家，虽然基督教是主流信仰，但也有穆斯林、犹太教徒、印度教徒等。
相比之下，美国则更多是基督教徒，而且宗教在美国社会中的地位也更为重要。
7. 教育制度差异英美两国的教育制度也有很大的差异。
在英国，学生上学的年龄比美国有些早，通常从4岁就开始上学了，而在美国，则是6岁。
此外，在大学教育方面，美国的大学一般在校园内提供宿舍，而英国的大学生通常需要自己租房居住。
8. 体育文化差异英国和美国的体育文化也有很大的差异。
在英国，足球是最受欢迎的运动之一，而在美国，橄榄球、篮球、棒球等运动更受欢迎。
9. 性别平等观念差异英美两国的性别平等观念也有不同。
英国的性别平等观念相对较早形成，女性在政治、经济等方面的地位相对较高。
(精品)英美文学复习资料(全)
文学体裁：诗歌poem，小说novel，戏剧dramaOrigin起源：Christianity 基督教→ bible 圣经Myth 神话The Romance of king Arthur and his knights 亚瑟王和他的骑士（笔记）一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法）例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)Canto 诗章1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。
英美文化复习
1.Christopher Columbus discovered America in1942.1.The 3 forces which caused America to be settled were the growth of capitalism in Europe, the Renaissance、the Religious Reformation.2.The Religious Reformation was started by Martin Luther.3.Pennsylvania was started by the Quakers.4.Maryland was started by the Catholics.5.New England was settled by the Puritans.6.The first settlement was in virginia in the town of Jamestown.7.Martin Luther taught that salvation was only by faith in Jesus Christ.8.The 3 man persons involved in the religious reformation were Martin Luther, John Calvin, King Henry VIII.9.The puritans objected to the Church of England.10.John Calvin taught that God predestined (caused) people to either go to heaven or hell.11.The French and Indian War led to the American Revolution because England made the colonists pay taxes for the war.12.The Puritans came to America on the ship named the mayflower.13.The Boston Tea Party was in 1773 when a group dressed as Indians threw tea off a ship to protect the tax on tea.14.The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4,1776.15.The Declaration said that all men are created equal had unalienable rights of Life , Liberty ,and the Pursuits of Happiness.16.The industrial revolution spread in America because labor was scarce and wages were high.17.Tariffs(taxes) do not exist between different states and this helps the American economy.18.America has a fluid class structure (that means you can change classes in your life time) which has helped the country.19.A corporation has has “limited liability”.this means that investors only risk what they invest if they buy stock.20.The profit motivate cause people to open and expand business and factories and risk their money.21.When people buy stock in a company, they become part owner of the company.22.The United States Government is divided into what the executive, legislative,and judicial branches .23.Terms: House members-2 years, Senators-6 years , The president -4 years ,Supreme court —for life.24.The Republics and Democrats are the two major parties in the US.25.Americans do not have to join a political party to vote.26. The Supreme court determines if a law is constitutional.27.The Legislative Branch passes laws.28.A federal system is where power is shared between the central government and the state governments.29.The first amendment guarantees the freedom of religion,speech, and assembly(gathering in groups).30.When a president refuses to sign a bill passed by congress is called a veto.31.The Bill of rights(the first 10 amendments) guarantees certain things for Americans like the freedom of the press, freedom to carry weapons, etc.32.If the Presidents does something wrong he can be removed from office by bing impeached.33.You are guaranteed the right to own weapons by the 2nd amendment.34.The 4 parts of the UK are England ,Scotland ,Wales and Northern Ireland.35.The 4 groups which invaded England were the Romans, the Angels&Saxons, the Vikings,and the Normans.36.The Angels gave England it’s name -Angel Land .37.Ronin Hood was known for robbing from the rich and giving to the poor.38.King Arthur forgot against the Angels and Saxons.39.The first son of the monarch is always the Prince od wales.40.Good Friday is the day that Jesus died on the cross for people’s sins.41.The Parliament government body in the UK.It is divided into the House of Common and the House of Lords.42.The UK and the US have a secret ballot - this means that nobody knows how you vote.43.The 3major political parties in the UK are the Labor ,the Conservative, the Liberal Democrats.44.In the story -Doctor Faustus sold his soul to the devil in exchange for the power.45.“For God so loved the world, that whosever believe in him should not be perish ,but have everlasting life.”Comes from John 3；16 in the Bible.46.That “The Lord is my shepherd; I shall no want. He makes me to lie down in green pastures; he lead me beside the still waters, He restored my soul”Come from Psalm 23 in the Bible.47.In Paradise Lost , the devil convince the woman to disobey God by eating the forbidden fruit.48.Christmas is about the birth of Jesus Christ.49.Easter is about the resurrection (coming back to life) of Jesus Christ.50.Protestants are the largest religious group in America.51.Most Americans are either Protestants, Catholics,or Jewish.52.Churches are built by money donated by people who attend and Not by government.53.The largest protestant group are the Baptists.54.All religious groups in America live under the same law and there is no state church, talk with people having problems, teach the Bible, and give a sermon(lecture) each week.cation in the US is a local matter.56.There is no religious instruction in public schools. 90% students attend public schools. There is free for all for 13years(Kindergarten through 12th grade). Local school boards set policy for the school and hire teachers .57.Puritans started education in American because they wanted everyone able to read the Bible.58.Harvard was started to educate ministers.59.Every child is required by law to attend school.60.A normal university class meets 3 times a week for 50 minutes. This is called a 3 hour class.61.Most students take about 15 hours per week at the university.62.Football is the most popular sport in America,63.The super bowl game is held in late January or early February, many people watch the game because of the commercials. A 30 second advertisement can cost $5 million dollars . A tailgate party is held before a football game.64.The number one health problem for the poor in the US is being overweight.65.Star is a popular cultural TV\movie series about the future.66.Mr Spock has pointy ears, if from the planet Vulcan and is known for saying “live long and prosper.” they fly on the USS enterprise.。
英美文化与概况复习题
英美文化与概况期末考试填空与简答复习题1、正误判断题：( 40题)判断下列题目的正误：1.Ireland was an independent kingdom before the Anglo-Saxon invaders came. ( )2.State-run school in Britain is also called public school. ( )3.Britain is an island country, with its coastline running about 8,000 kilometers. ( )4.Most British families are extended families. ( )5.Great Britain’s coastline is highly regular with many bays and inlets that provide lots ofharbors and shelters for ships and boats. ( )6.Hispanics refers to the Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. ( )7.To the north of Great Britain the seaway is open and leads to the Arctic Ocean. ( )8.Most Jews went to America during the First World War. ( )9.Most English weather experts find it easy to give a correct and reliable weather forecast.( )10.Both Welsh and Scottish people are descendents of Celts. ( )11.Noble class has already disappeared in Britain since the first industrial revolution. ( )12.Nowadays, a majority of British people believe in the Church of Rome. ( )13.Nowadays, marriage is still regarded as a holy relationship and can not be terminated tilldeath. ( )14.The development of Middle English was greatly influenced by French and Latin. ( )15.Like U.S.A, the United Kingdom is also a melting-pot of different cultures. ( )16.London, the capital of the UK, is situated on the Severn River near its mouth. ( )n and black minorities are no longer suffering from discrimination and disadvantages.( )18.The Constitution of the United States provides that vice-president shall be President of theSenate. ( )19.English people originate from the descendents of English-speaking Anglo-Saxons and theJutes. ( )20.The Supreme Court is the highest court of the United States. ( )21.The expansion of the British Empire helped to spread English into many countries and placesall over the world. ( )22. Henry VI was responsible for the establishment of the Church of England. ( )23. In terms of structure, the British central government includes three parts: the monarch, Parliament, and the cabinet. ( )24. Britain was the first nation to establish a nuclear power station. ( )25. Parliament is the supreme legislative organ of the United Kingdom. It consists of three parts: the prime minister, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons. ( )26. Britain produced many great scientists, such as Newton, Faraday, Darwin and Einstein. ( )27. The nationalized industries in Britain include coalmining, electricity, telecommunications, railways, etc. ( )28. One of the basic principles of English law is “natural law”, which means moral law. ( )29. Britain has more than 90 universities, and about one-third of their students are postgraduates.( )30. Easter Day always arrives in summer. ( )31. To expand higher education, Britain founded the TV University in 1969. ( )32. British universities generally aim to develop students’creativity and analytical skills for careers. ( )33. British universities, different in size and academic level, are governed in a different way. ( )34. Most students, poor or rich, try to earn some money by taking jobs in winter for six weeks. ( )35. In British legal system, the principle of “habeas Corpus”serves as a protection against arbitrary arrest and imprisonment. ( )36. More than 81 Oxford mathematicians and scientists have won Nobel prizes. ( )37. Prime ministers from 1945 to 1974 were once students at Cambridge. That is why the Cambridge University is called “the cradle of British prime ministers.”( )38. Nowadays, Thanksgiving Day has generalized to be a reminder of being grateful for all you hope to possess. ( )39. Easter Day is the second most important religious holidays for Christians in the United States. ( )40. The life of congress is two years, and Representatives come up for re-election every four years ( )2、知识填空题：( 40题)在下列空格中填入正确的信息词，使其句子意思完整正确：1.Of all these isles, the largest one is called . For the sake of convenience,GreatBritain is often shortened to .2.United Kingdom is made up of four parts, __________, ____________, Scotland and_________________.3.The island of Great Britain can be divided into two parts according to itsgeographic features: the in the north and west and the in the south and southeast.4.In America, The presiding officer of the senate is the _________________ of theUnited States who serves as chairman when the Senate is in session.5.Britain did not produce cotton and textile industry used to rely on _______ as the principalfiber.6.In Britain, the city ___________ is well known for its production of automobiles, electricityequipment, electronics, munitions, and arms.7.British government is produced through contest between two major political parties every____ years8.British can enjoy higher education in three ways: _____________, polytechnics and__________________.9.Mainland America is situated in the southern part of North America with two land Neighbors,_________ to the north and _________ to the south.10.The longest river in Britain is the River ，which runs 355 kilometers and emptiesinto the Bristol Strait.11._____________ is the place where American President lives and works.12.British’s population is overwhelmingly , with about 90% living in urban areas and10% living in areas.13.Britain invented the locomotive and was the first country to build a in the world in1825.14.One of the most important US government principle is “Checks and ___________”.15.The majority of the British people believe in , which is the religion of the followersof .16.The most important and longest river running through the middle plain of America is_____________________.17.The U.K. has two churches: the Church of and the Churchof .18.Important heavy industries in Britain include _____________ and _____________.19.is the official language of the United Kingdom as well as the first language ofthe vast majority of its citizens.20.The power of Federal Government in America comes from the power delegated from_________ government.20. In Britain, the place where parliament has sessions in London is ________________.21. The US Congress has two chambers, the _________ and the ______________________. The Senate comprises ___ Senators, _____ from each of the 50 states22. In early times, British nobility can be divided into nobility and nobility according to the amount of the land they possessed.23. In Britain, the nucleus of the government is known as the , which is headed by the prime minister.24. In the United Kingdom, politics is under the control of political , and this is known as party politics.25. The US Constitution protects freedom of ________ and freedom of _________ so that common people can make their opinions known.26. The highest court in Britain is __________________.27. If the jury cannot reach a unanimous agreement, it becomes known as a jury.28. The English legal profession is divided into two branches:and .29. Britain was the first country to introduce a new economic system known as enterprise.30.To meet the increasing need and protect environment, Britain has begun to develop some new energies, such as _________, deriving from waste and crops..31.Traditionally, the British culture has been characterized by its requirement of and civility in doing things.32. To the south of San Francisco locates a famous valley, named __________________, which has now become the center of America’s electronic industry.33. The Mississippi River V alley, also known as the ______________, consists of the large area between the ____________ on the east and the __________ Mountains on the west.34. Britain has traditionally been a manufacturing nation and was once known as the “__ of the world.”35. One of the most famous natural park in America, Yellow Stone National Park, is situated in the state _________.36. ____________, the most striking gambling city in America, completely relies on the water from the Colorado River.37. Everything related with family life, including family meals, is regarded as in Britain.38. The working class people usually have a “tea” with hot dishes at about 5 o’clock in the afternoon; while the middle-class people normally have an early “tea” at about 4 or 5 o’clock in the afternoon.40.Private schools in Britain are officially called schools because they are independent of the government.2、简答问题：（15题）简要回答下列问题：1.Why is America compared to a melting-pot?2.What are the characters of typical British people?3.Why do British people like to talk about weather so much?4.What changes have taken place in British families? What are the possible causes forthose changes?5.Who are the famous Queens in British history? Please write down their names.6.What are the advantages and disadvantages of Jury Trial?7.What are the popular festivals in America? Please list two or three names of them.8.What is the function of monarch in Britain?9.Why is British government system called “Constitutional Monarchy”?10.Please list some famous rivers in America.11.What measures can government take to adjust the development of economy?12.Why do some Historians call black Americans “unwilling immigrants”?13.What are the factors that can help you decide social status of a man in British society?14.What are the spirits American People worship?15.How does American government system demonstrate the principle of “Checks andBalances”?。
英美文化复习题
《英美文化》复习题AI. Fill in the blanks（10 points, with 0.5 point for each）1. The full name of the United Kingdom is ______________________________________.2. The two largest islands of the British Isles are Britain and _______________.3. Many people associate the Elizabethan age with two things. The first is ______________, and the other is adventure on the sea.4. The greatest sailor who led the English fleet to victory in fighting the Spanish Armada was_____________.5. The roots of the English language go back to __________________.6. The history of English really began around the year AD 450 when the three Germanic tribesof ___________, Saxons and Jutes invaded England in succession.7. All English official documents bear the initials OHMS which stands for________________________.8. Parliament in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements: the Crown, the House of Lords, and _________________.9. Britain, unlike France and the USA, has no __________ constitution.10. The Queen usually acts on the advice of ________________.11. Two states are separated from continental US; that is Hawaii in the __________ Ocean andAlaska to the northwest of Canada.12.The first successful English colony in the America was founded at_____________________in 1607.13. In 1626, Dutch settlers built the town of New Amsterdam which was later renamed by theEnglish as _____________.14. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired at _______________ onApril 19, 1775.15. in 1620, a group of Puritans, called Pilgrims, crossed the Atlantic in the ship ___________and settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts.16. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by __________________.17. On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln issues ___________________________ whichgranted freedom to all slaves in Confederate states.18. In April 1865, ________________ surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox CourtHouse.19. In US, the state executive power is given to the governor while the federal executivepower is given to the ____________.20. The theme of American literature is the record of _______________________.II. Multiple choice（10 points, with 1 point for each）1.The earliest written records of Britain’s inhabitants came from ________.A. the CeltsB. the RomansC. the NormansD. the Germans2. Christianity was introduced into Britain by ________.A. the CeltsB. the GermansC. the Viking DanesD. the Romans3. Which of the following is not considered a characteristic of the Englishman?A. reservedB. toughC. shy of strangersD. suspicious of change4. In the year 1066, William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating theSaxon king Harold at________.A. the Battle of CrecyB. the Battle of AgincourtC. the Battle of HastingsD. the Battle of Waterloo5. Shakespeare lived in the period of ________.A. the Middle AgesB. the Victorian AgeC. the Elizabethan ageD. the Industrial Revolution6. The stereotyped images of Indians that most other Americans have are from________.A. Western moviesB. the mutual contactC. the visits of IndiansD. research by anthropologists7. In the 1950s, Americans were concerned with three of the following issuesexcept________.A. the influence of the socialist countriesB. the Cold WarC. America’s global involvementD. poverty at home8. Who invented the detective story?A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Fenimore CooperC. Washington IrvingD. Nathaniel Hawthorne9. Which of the following was the true literary heart of America in the 19th century?A. New York CityB. Walden PondC. Concord, MassachusettsD. Brook Farm10. How many continental states were there at the time of independence of the UnitedStates?A. 35B. 48C. 13D. 50III. Definition（20 points, with 4 points for each）1. the Norman Conquest2. the “lost generation”3. New England4. the Industrial Revolution5. the Westward MovementIV. Short answer questions（30 points, with 5 points for each）1. What do you know about the American Civil War?2. What is the Hundred Years’ War in British history?3. How do you define the Victorian age?4. How much do you know Mark Twain the American novelist?5. What is traditionally typical Englishman thought to be like?6. What is the principle of “balance of power”?V. Essay writing（30 points, with 15 points for each）1. Why is William Shakespeare so important in English literature?2. What is the origin of Thanksgiving Day?《英美文化》复习题BI. Fill in the blanks（10 points, with 0.5 point for each）1. The study of English literature usually begins with _____________.2. In the sixteenth century, the most famous British writer Thomas More wrote a book called __________ telling of a journey to an imaginary island.3. The full name of the United Kingdom is ______________________________________.4. The two largest islands of the British Isles are Britain and _______________.5. Many people associate the Elizabethan age with two things. The first is ______________, and the other is adventure on the sea.6. The greatest sailor who led the English fleet to victory in fighting the Spanish Armada was_____________.7. The roots of the English language go back to __________________.8. The history of English really began around the year AD 450 when the three Germanic tribesof ___________, Saxons and Jutes invaded England in succession.9. The first American writer to win the Nobel Prize for literature was ________________.10. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is written by _____________________.11. Henry David Thoreau’s masterpiece _______________ is a record of his experience ofliving alone for two years in a cabin beside Walden Pond.12. The Call of the Wild, written by American writer_________________, is an exciting taleof a man and a dog in Alaska during gold rush days.13. A Farewell to Arms is a famous novel written by American writer____________________.14. All American children are offered _______ years of free public education.15. The typical food for a traditional Thanksgiving dinner are____________ and pumpkin pie.16. Former President_________ said that crime is America’s “number one enemy”.17. The holy book of Christianity is ______________; it consists of two parts, the OldTestament and the New Testament.18. The two oldest universities in Britain are ____________ and Cambridge.19. The head of the Commonwealth is __________________.20. The use of stream of consciousness was first started ________________, whosemasterpiece was Ulysses.II. Multiple choice（10 points, with 1 point for each）1. Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare? ______A. Twelfth NightB. The TempestC. OthelloD. Richard II2. What flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature? ______A. DramaB. PoetryC. NovelD. Essay3. The Church of England is “established” in________.A. the whole of BritainB. England and WalesC. England and ScotlandD. England only4. The first American Thanksgiving was hosted by________.A. the IndiansB. the PilgrimsC. the Spanish settlersD. the French settlers5. The first group of English Puritans to land in America called themselves “Pilgrims”because________.A. it was the name of their churchB. they had been persecutedC. they had wandered for a great distance in search of freedomD. they came fromHolland6. During the whole of the eighteenth century, England’s greatest enemy was________.A. FranceB. AmericaC. GermanyD. Spain7. In the three centuries following 1066, the literary works of England were written in________.A. English onlyB. English and FrenchC. English and LatinD. English, French and Latin8. In the 1950s, Americans were concerned with three of the following issuesexcept________.A. the influence of the socialist countriesB. the Cold WarC. America’s global involvementD. poverty at home9. Who invented the detective story? ________A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Fenimore CooperC. Washington IrvingD. Nathaniel Hawthorne10. Which of the following was the true literary heart of America in the 19th century? ________A. New York CityB. Walden PondC. Concord, MassachusettsD. Brook FarmIII. Definition（20 points, with 4 points for each）1. New England2. Mayflower3. the Norman Conquest4. Cowboys5. the Westward MovementIV. Short answer questions（30 points, with 5 points for each）1. What is traditionally typical Englishman thought to be like?2. What do you know about the American Civil War?3. How much do you know Jesus Christ?4. How do you define the Victorian age?5. How much do you know Mark Twain the American novelist?6. What is the Industrial Revolution?V. Essay writing（30 points, with 15 points for each）1. What are the elements and functions of British Parliament? Discuss the role of each element and explain briefly.2. What is the origin of Thanksgiving Day?《英美文化》复习题CI. Fill in the blanks（10 points, with 0.5 point for each）1. Britain, unlike France and the USA, has no __________ constitution.2. The Queen usually acts on the advice of ________________.3. Two states are separated from continental US; that is Hawaii in the __________ Ocean andAlaska to the northwest of Canada.4. The first successful English colony in the America was founded at_____________________in 1607.5. In 1626, Dutch settlers built the town of New Amsterdam which was later renamed by theEnglish as _____________.6. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired at _______________ on April19, 1775.7. In 1620, a group of Puritans, called Pilgrims, crossed the Atlantic in the ship ___________and settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts.8. All American children are offered _______ years of free public education.9. The typical food for a traditional Thanksgiving dinner are____________ and pumpkin pie.10. Former President_________ said that crime is America’s “number one enemy”.11. The holy book of Christianity is ______________; it consists of two parts, the OldTestament and the New Testament.12. The two oldest universities in Britain are ____________ and Cambridge.13. The head of the Commonwealth is __________________.14. The use of stream of consciousness was first started ________________, whosemasterpiece was Ulysses.15. The most important Middle English poet was________.16. The real center of power in Parliament is________.17. The study of English literature usually begins with _____________.18. The full name of the United Kingdom is ______________________________________.19. The two largest islands of the British Isles are Britain and _______________.20. Many people associate the Elizabethan age with two things. The first is ______________, and the other is adventure on the sea.II. Multiple choice（10 points, with 1 point for each）1. During the whole of the eighteenth century, England’s greatest enemy was________.A. FranceB. AmericaC. GermanyD. Spain2. In the three centuries following 1066, the literary works of England were written in________.A. English onlyB. English and FrenchC. English and LatinD. English, French and Latin3. In the 1950s, Americans were concerned with three of the following issuesexcept________.A. the influence of the socialist countriesB. the Cold WarC. America’s global involvementD. poverty at home4. Who invented the detective story?A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Fenimore CooperC. Washington IrvingD. Nathaniel Hawthorne5. Which of the following was the true literary heart of America in the 19th century?A. New York CityB. Walden PondC. Concord, MassachusettsD. Brook Farm6.The earliest written records of Britain’s inhabitants came from ________.A. the CeltsB. the RomansC. the NormansD. the Germans7. Christianity was introduced into Britain by ________.A. the CeltsB. the GermansC. the Viking DanesD. the Romans8. Which of the following is not considered a characteristic of the Englishman?A. reservedB. toughC. shy of strangersD. suspicious of change9. In the year 1066, William the Conqueror invaded England from France, defeating theSaxon king Harold at________.A. the Battle of CrecyB. the Battle of AgincourtC. the Battle of HastingsD. the Battle of Waterloo10. Shakespeare lived in the period of ________.A. the Middle AgesB. the Victorian AgeC. the Elizabethan ageD. the Industrial RevolutionIII. Definition（20 points, with 4 points for each）1. the Elizabethan age2. the Westward Movement3. Cowboys4. the “lost generation”5. the Norman ConquestIV. Short answer questions（30 points, with 5 points for each）1. What do you know about the American War of Independence?2. What do you know about the American Civil War?3. How do you understand the Great Depression in America?4. What is the principle of “balance of power”?5. How much do you know Mark Twain the American novelist?6. What is traditionally typical Englishman thought to be like?V. Essay writing（30 points, with 15 points for each）1. What are the elements and functions of British Parliament? Discuss the role of each element and explain briefly.2. Why is William Shakespeare so important in English literature?。
英美文化复习题及答案
英美文化复习题及答案一、单选题1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 伦敦B. 纽约C. 巴黎D. 柏林答案：A2. 美国的国庆日是什么时候？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 1月1日D. 4月23日答案：A3. 莎士比亚是哪国的著名剧作家？A. 英国B. 法国C. 美国D. 德国答案：A4. 美国的总统任期是几年？A. 4年B. 5年C. 6年D. 7年答案：A5. 英联邦是由哪些国家组成的？A. 英国及其前殖民地B. 美国及其前殖民地C. 法国及其前殖民地D. 德国及其前殖民地答案：A二、填空题1. 英国的官方语言是________。
答案：英语2. 美国的货币单位是________。
答案：美元3. 英国的国花是________。
答案：玫瑰4. 美国的国花是________。
答案：玫瑰5. 英国的国歌是________。
答案：《天佑女王》三、判断题1. 英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部。
（对/错）答案：错2. 美国的首都是华盛顿特区。
（对/错）答案：对3. 英国的国旗被称为“星条旗”。
（对/错）答案：错4. 美国的国旗被称为“星条旗”。
（对/错）答案：对5. 英国和美国都是君主立宪制国家。
（对/错）答案：错四、简答题1. 简述英国和美国的文化差异。
答案：英国和美国虽然在语言上有很多共同点，但在文化上存在显著差异。
英国文化更加保守和传统，重视礼仪和等级制度，而美国文化则更加开放和多元，强调个人主义和自由。
此外，两国在饮食习惯、教育体系、社会价值观等方面也有所不同。
2. 描述英国和美国的主要节日。
答案：英国的主要节日包括圣诞节、复活节、圣乔治节等，而美国的主要节日有独立日、感恩节、圣诞节等。
这些节日不仅反映了两国的历史和文化，也是家庭团聚和社会庆祝的重要时刻。
英美文化
《英美文化》课程期末复习范围题型及范围1、多项选择题(20%)PPt后多项选择练习2、名词解释(15%，about 40 words)Norman Conquest; House of Lords; Chartist Movement; Lord Chancellor;Gold Rush; Mayflower; Louisiana Purchase; House of Representatives;3、简答题(15%，about 40 words)1. Who was Christopher Columbus?2. What is the climate in Britain like?3. What natural resources is Britain blessed with?4. What are the major causes of the decline of the British economy?5. What are American industries characterized by?6. What are the primary features of the political system of the USA?7. What are the three branches in the constitution of USA?8. Who do you think are among the outstanding leaders in the American Civil War? 4、阅读理解(20%)课外英语阅读理解练习5、论述题(30%，about 100-120 words)1.Why is it said that English people tend to be rather conservative? And what’s your comment about it?2. What are the large rivers and lakes you know in Britain? Point out their length or size.3. What do you know about Margaret Thatcher? And what do you learn from her story of success?4. Why has the United States long been known as a melting pot? What’s your comment about it?5. What geographic features of the United State of America impress you most? Please give your personal comment.6. How do you understand the differences between Chinese government and the American government?。
英美文学复习资料
英美文学复习资料英美文学复习资料英美文学是世界文学史上的重要组成部分，包含了许多经典的文学作品和作家。
通过复习英美文学，我们可以更好地了解西方文化和思想，同时也能够提升自己的语言表达能力和文学素养。
本文将为大家提供一些英美文学复习资料，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
一、英国文学1. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和《麦克白》。
这些作品被誉为世界文学的瑰宝，展现了莎士比亚独特的戏剧才华和对人性的深刻洞察。
2. 简·奥斯汀的小说：《傲慢与偏见》、《理智与情感》等。
奥斯汀以细腻的笔触和幽默的描写，刻画了当时英国社会的风貌和女性的处境，成为英国文学的代表作家之一。
3. 查尔斯·狄更斯的小说：《雾都孤儿》、《双城记》等。
狄更斯以其对社会问题的关注和对人性的揭示而闻名，他的作品揭示了当时英国社会的黑暗面，对社会改革产生了深远影响。
4. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的小说：《达洛维夫人》、《到灯塔去》等。
伍尔夫以其独特的意识流写作风格和对女性问题的关注，开创了现代主义小说的新篇章。
二、美国文学1. 马克·吐温的小说：《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》、《汤姆·索亚历险记》等。
吐温以其幽默风趣和对美国社会的讽刺洞察而受到广泛赞誉，他的作品展现了美国南方的风土人情和对奴隶制度的批判。
2. 埃米莉·迪金森的诗歌：迪金森的诗歌充满了哲思和深度，她以其独特的写作风格和对生死、爱情等主题的探索而成为美国文学的重要代表。
3. 威廉·福克纳的小说：《喧哗与骚动》、《押沙龙，押沙龙！》等。
福克纳以其复杂的叙事结构和对南方社会的描绘而被誉为美国文学的巨匠，他的作品展现了南方社会的衰落和黑暗。
4. 托尼·莫里森的小说：《亲爱的》、《宠儿》等。
莫里森以其对种族、性别和身份问题的关注而成为美国文学的重要代表，她的作品揭示了美国社会的不公和歧视。
三、阅读技巧和复习建议1. 阅读经典作品时，要注重对文本细节的理解和分析。
英美文化鉴赏复习
Lecture 1 A Brief Introduction to U.K. and U.S.A1. The Official NameU.K.: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandU.S.A.: the United States of America2. The NicknameU.K.: John Bull → a gentle man from upper class, short and fat, impatient, but honest and passionateJohn bullism: English Character英国精神, 英国习气, 或英国的典型性格John bullist: English Fans英国迷U.S.A.: Uncle Sam→Uncle Sam: a cowboy, tall and thin, patriotic, sincere, open-minded, free, democratic3. The National FlagU.K.: the Union Flag, the Union JackU.S.A.: Star-Spangled Banner50 stars---50 states13 stripes---13 original coloniesRed---Hardiness and ValorWhite---Purity and InnocenceBlue---Vigilance, Perseverance and Justice4. The National AnthemU.K.: God Save the QueenU.S.A.: Star-Spangled Banner5. The National BirdU.K.: red chest pigeonU.S.A.: bald eagle6. Land and peopleU.K.z The earliest known inhabitants of Great Britain is Celts (凯尔特人)z In addition, Britain also has a considerable number of immigrants from Africa and Asia. Most of them are from former colonies of the BritishEmpire, such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, the Caribbean Islands, andcountries in Africa.U.S.Az an immigrant countryz more than 100 ethnic groupsz white majority, 75%, descendants of European immigrantsz descendants of English settlers, 45%, most of the wealth and political power of the nationz immigrants and their descendants from Germany, France, Ireland, Italy, Spain and other Eastern European countriesz Other ethnic groups including Native Americans, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asian Americans, make up the rest of the population.7. PoliticsThe form of government in U.S. is based on three main principles, federalism, the separation of powers and respect for the Constitution, and the rule of law.American Federal Government: Separation of PowersExecutive Branch ( President )Legislative Branch ( Congress )Judicial Branch ( Supreme Court )U.K.: Constitutional MonachyLecture Two A Contrastive Study of Chinese and English只赢得：几杵疏钟，半江渔火，两行秋雁，一枕清霜。
英美文化概况复习资料
英美文化概况复习资料美国社会生活练习1. The popular kind of family in America is _____ family. A 核心家庭A. nucleusB. looseC. largeD. blend2. Thanksgiving Day is originated in _____. BA. EnglandB. AmericaC. ScotlandD. Canada3. The “senior citizens” in the social cent res refer to _____. DA. high officialsB. professorsC. presidentD. old people4. Most Americans are _____ from different countries. C 移民移出A. blacksB. IndiansC. emigrantsD. immigrants（移入移民）5. Valentine’s Day falls on _____.CA. July 4thB. March 21stC. February 14th6. On Easter Sunday people usually have lamb and ham as their main meat. For children lamb is the symbol of _____. BA. good luckB. the sacrifice of ChristC. the tomb from which Christ rose7. American Independence Day fall on _____. A 7.4A. the 4th of JulyB. October 31stC. March 20th8. Halloween is a _____. B 万圣节A. summer festivalB. night-time festivalC. sweethearts’ holidayD. pilgrims holiday9. A hamburger is usually made from _____. AA. beefB. porkC. combination of beef and pork10. The outstanding characteristic of American society is the diversity of _____. CA. climateB. industryC. people11. Sometimes two couples go out together. This is known as _____. CA. steady datingB. casual datingC. double datingD. blind datingABDCC BABAC C美国地理1. The famous Yellowstone National Park is situated in northwestern part of _____. CA. CaliforniaB. ArizonaC. Wyoming2. The world-known Colorado Valley lies in northern _____, which is cut by the Colorado River. AA. ArizonaB. UtahC. Montana3. Among the five Great Lakes, only _____ is wholly within the United States. CA. ErieB. SuperiorC. Michigan4. _____ has been called the “cradle of American Liberty”. A (费城)A. PhiladelphiaB. PlymouthC. Boston5. The two largest Chinatowns are located in the following cities except _____. CA. New YorkB. San FranciscoC. Miami6. The world’s largest freshwater lake is Lake _____. AA. SuperiorB. OntarioC. Victoria7. Hawaii is in the _____ Ocean. C (太平洋)A. AtlanticB. IndianC. Pacific8. _____ is the largest state in area in the U.S.A. CA. FloridaB. LouisianaC. Alaska9. The United States today is the _____ largest country in size in the world. CA. thirdB. fifthC. fourth10. There are _____ river systems in the U.S.A. BA. 8B. 3C. 611. Detroit is famous for the production of _____. AA. automobileB. timberC. bamboo12. The city _____ is given the nickname “Space City of U.S.A.”. BA. BostonB. HoustonC. San Francisco13. The _____ were the original inhabitants in America. BA. blacksB. IndiansC. Puerto Ricans14. The largest industrial city in America is _____ . AA. ChicagoB. BostonC. Houston15. _____ is famous for many stores and shops. CA. Wall StreetB. BroadwayC. Fifth AvenueCACAC ACCCB ABBAC美国文化练习1. At the end of WWII the art centre of the world moved from _____ to the new world. AA. ParisB. LondonC. Berlin2. _____ is regarded as the father of detective stories. BA. Mark TwainB. Edgar Allan PoeC. Herman Melville3. _____ is the first writer in America to win the Nobel Prize in literature. AA. Sinclair LewisB. Saul BellowC. Ernest Hemingway4. Yale University was founded in _____. AA. 1701B. 1746C. 17495. The greatest American playwright is _____. BA. Arthur MillerB. Eugene O’NeilC. Robert Frost6. _____ belonged to the Lost Generation. AA. Ernest HemingwayB. Wilt WhitmanC. Tennessee Williams7. The most popular sport in America is _____. AA. baseballB. basketballC. football8. After his death a bust of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was placed in the poet’s corner of _____. AA. Westminster AbbeyB. camp of Cambridge UniversityC. Oxford University9. _____ is the earliest university in America. AA. HarvardB. YaleC. Rhode Island10. In America about _____ of the universities and colleges are private. CA. 1/2B. 1/3C. 1/4D. 1/511. Blues is a music of strong rhythm, which was originally sung by _____. AA. NegroesB. IndiansC. Europeans12. The Father of American literature was _____. BA. Mark TwainB. Washington IrvingC. Walt WhitmanD. Jack LondonABAAB AAAAC AB1. What were the causes of the War of Independence?——The economy in the thirteen colonies developed very fast and people wanted more power to determine their own business. But the policy of the British government was to bring the development under control and to collect more taxes from the colonies. On April 19, 1775, on their way to Concord to seize the military supplies of the militia there, the British soldiers met armed militiamen. The shots were fired, the War of Independence began.2. Why did the Civil War break out?How did the war end? ——In the early 1800s, the Northern states turned from farming to manufacturing. Black slavery soon disappeared in the North. But things were different in the South. The South expanded both its agriculture and its slavery. The problem of slavery became a serous political issue. The abolitionists tried to abolish slavery while the South tried to keep it. When Abraham Lincoln was elected President, the Southern states broke away and formed a new nation. Then Lincoln was determined to maintain the Union and the war broke out on April 12, 1861, Lincoln realized that he could win support for the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery. So he issued Emancipation Proclamation. Thus England and France stood by the Union’s side. Many black slaves joined the Union Army. After a series of battles, Robert Lee could no longer hold Richmond. Hesurrendered on April 9, 1865. The Civil War ended.3. What was the impact of the Vietnam War-on American society? ——The Vietnam War had a great impact on American society. (1) The United States was weakened as a result of the long war. (2) American society had never been so divided since the Civil War. (3) There was serious disagreement with in the ruling circle. (4) The image of the United States, especially the image of the American armed forces, was discredited.4. What are the functions of the Congress? ——The Congress has many functions, but the most central is the passage of law. One of the most important non-legislative functions of the Congress is the power to investigate. A second important power is to compel testimony from unwilling witness and to cite for contempt of Congress witness who refuse to testify, and for perjury those who give false testimony.英国概况1. All children in the UK must, by law, receive a full-time education from the age of _____ to _____. AA. 5, 16B. 6, 17C. 7, 182. In state schools the letters A, B and C are often used to describe “_____” or parall el classes. A. grade B. form C. streams C3. Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest universities dating from _____ and _____. AA. 1167, 1284B. 1234, 1325C. 1335, 14274. There are over _____ universities in Britain. B A. thirty B.forty C. fifty5. The _____ university offers courses through one of BBC’s television channels andby radio.A. open B. new C. middle aged A6. The second centre of the British press is in _____. CA. LondonB. the Fleet StreetC. Manchester7. In Britain education at the age from 5 to 16 is _____. B(义务必修)A. optionalB. compulsoryC. self-taught8. The oldest university in Britain is __C___. A. Cambridge B. Edinburgh C. Oxford9. BBC was founded in _____ and chartered in _____ as an independent public corporation. A. 1922, 1927 B. 1292, 1297 C. 1822, 1827 A10. The BBC is mainly financed by _____. AA. payment from all people who possess TV setsB. the income from advertisementsC. some large corporationsD. British government11. _____ is regarded as the most English of games. A(板球)A. CricketB. SoccerC. Rugger12. _____ claims the highest popular attendance in Britain. B(英式足球)A. Rugby footballB. Association footballC. Baseball13. The annual _____ championships at Wimbledon, in London, are the most famous in the world. A. hockey B. tennis C. netball B（冰球）14. _____ racing is chiefly a betting sport. A. Horse B. Boat C. Dog A15. The Royal Society was founded in _____ in _____. A（英国皇家学会）A. London, 1660B. Liverpool, 1660C. London, 176016. James Watt was a great _____ engineer and inventor. B（苏格兰）A. IrishB. ScottishC. English17. _____ developed atomic theory in the 18th century. A约翰道尔顿原子学说A. John DaltonB. Francis GlissonC. Robert Boyle18. Charles Robert Darwin Developed the theory of _____. A 进化论A. evolutionB. immunologyC. virology19. _____ is considered the father of English poetry. AA. Geoffrey ChaucerB. John MiltonC. John Donne20. Big Ben is the nickname of _____. CA. Benjamin FranklinB. Sir Benjamin HallC. the 315-foot Clock Tower21. You could find the world-famous Speakers’ Corner in _____. BA. Great RussellB. Hyde ParkC. Westminster Abbey22. _____ is the biggest and most well-known church in London. CA. WhitehallB. St. Paul’s CathedralC. Westminster Abbe y23. _____ is the monarch’s present London home. B （白金汉宫）A. Westminster PalaceB. Buckingham PalaceC. Whitehall Palace24. Stratford-on-Avon is the place where _____ was born in 1564. AA. William ShakespeareB. Charles DickensC. Samuel Butler26 The river Thames is in _____. CA WalesB ScotlandC EnglandD Northern Ireland27 The Industrial Revolution started in _____. AA the Great BritainB the United StatesC CanadaD Austra28 Big Ben was named after _____. BA Christopher WrenB Benjamin HallC Ben JohnD G. Stephenson29The Capital of Wales is _____. B （加的夫）A SwanseaB CardiffC RhondaD Belfast30 There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and _____.A the Liberal PartyB the Democratic PartyC the Labour PartyD the Republican Party C ACABA CBCAA ABBAA BAAAC BCBAC ABBC英国社会生活Social Life1. Most British couples go to _____ to have their wedding ceremony. AA. churchB. concertC. registry office2. The best-known quality of the British people is their _____. B（排外性）A. conservativenessB. exclusivenessC. phlegm3. Three “Don’ts” include the following except _____. DA. jumping up the queueB. asking a woman her ageC. bargaining while shoppingD. laughing at one’s own faults4. What the Englishmen usually talk about in their daily life is _____. CA. priceB. taxC. weatherD. sports5. The British people are great lovers of betting. The most money they bet mainly on _____. A. horse racing B. Bingo C. football pools D. dog racing A6. The three royal traditions are the following except _____. DA. playing the fluteB. the changing of the Queen’s guardC. making a parliamentary speech by QueenD. watching the horse racing7. During the summer industrial workers in Britain have at least _____ weeks of paid holiday. A. four B. five C. three A8. State schools usually have _____ weeks of summer holidays. AA. sixB. sevenC. five9. The purely personal festival in Britain is _____. CA. Mothers’ DayB. Fathers’ DayC. birthday10. Boxing Day is on _____. A. the first weekday after Christmas （节礼日）B. the following day of ChristmasC. the last Sunday of December A11. The Christmas pudding is dark brown, rich and fruity, sometimes with a few _____ coins hidden in it. A. gold B. silver C. copper B12. At the age of _____, most men retire from their employment. BA. sixtyB. sixty-fiveC. fifty-five13. Buddhism was founded in the _____ century B.C. by Sakyamuni. B（佛教）A. 6thB. 7thC. 8th14. Islam was founded in the _____ century by Mohammed. CA. 7thB. 8thC. 9th15. Christianity came into being in the _____ century. AA. firstB. secondC. thirdABDCA DAACA BBAAAGeography1. The main rivers parting in Britain runs from _____. AA. north to southB. south to northC. east to west2. London is situated on the River of _____. BA. ParretB. ThamesC. Spey3. Edinburgh is the capital of _____. BA. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Wales4. Britain is basically an importer of _____. DA. foodB. raw materialsC. manufacturesD. both A and B5. British farmers produce enough food to supply _____ of the needs of the population. AA. 2/3B. 4/5C. 1/26. Britain’s main cereal crop is _____. A. oats B. corn C. barleyD. rye C 大麦7. The second largest port in Britain is __C__. A. London B. Belfast C. Liverpool8. The U.K. is rich in the following except _____. A. coal B. ironC. goldD. tin C9. The decrease of British population is caused by thefollowing except _____. DA. limitation of immigrationB. fall of the birth rateC. fall of death rateD. unemployment10. The second largest city in England is _____. BA. GlasgowB. BirminghamC. ManchesterABBDA CCCDB1. the Hundred Years’ WarIt referred to the intermittent war between France and England that last from 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. When Edward III claimed the French Crown but the French refused to recognize, the war broke out. At first the English were successful, but in the end, they were defeated and lost almost all their possessions in France. The expelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.2. the Black DeathIt was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half and one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labour was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences. 3. What is the role of the Monarchy in the British government?——The sovereign is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, he/she is head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all the armed forces of the crown and the “supreme governor” of the established church of England.4 What are the features of British climate?Britain has a maritime climate. Winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
英美文化复习Unit 11. National flower---roseFlag—the Union flag or the Union JackAnthem---God Save the Queen2. Component parts of the country---Northern Ireland 、Scotland、England、WalesUnit 21. National flower ：roseBird ：The Bald EagleFlag ：The Stars and Stripesanthem ：The Stars and Stripes ForeverGreat seal: 美国国徽美国风光欣赏(20张)外围为两个同心圆，内有一只白头海雕（秃鹰）雄踞中央，双翼展开，其右爪握一束橄榄枝，左爪握13支利箭，尖嘴中叼着一条飘带，上用拉丁文写着―合众为一‖Uncle Sam ：―山姆大叔‖是美国的绰号，被用来代指―美国‖或―美国政府‖，主要在美国、英国，尤其是在新闻界中使用较多。
I need you用于征兵2. Ethnic group:White: 65%Latin American descent:16.5%Black: 12.9%Asian: 4.6%Native American (American Indians and Inuit) :1.2%.3. History:Westward movement: 1789-1859Independence War: 1775-1789Civil War: 1860-1865Great Depression: 1929-1933Civil rights movement: 1955–19684. 补充Civil WarTime: From April,1861 to April, 1865Two sides of the war: The Northern States & the SouthernStatesCauses of the war: The South wanted to keep black slaves while the north was against slavery.The South wanted to set up a country of their own but the north said it was wrong.Results of the war: The North won and the two sides joined up again.The slaves were set freeUnit 3女王的地位和作用，也可用作王权象征吧1.the queen is the head of states,the Queen undertakesconstitutional and representational duties which have developed over thousand years of history.2.As "Head of Nation",the Queen providing a focus for nationalidentity,unity excellence and supporting service of stability and continuty,recognisingsuccess,achievement and voluntary sector.君主立宪制的含义（政府的构成未找到）3.Constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which aKing or Queen acts as Head of State.The ability to make and pass legislation resides with an elected Parliament,not with the Monarch议会两院4.The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament ofthe United Kingdom.membership of the House of Lords is not attained by election but is instead made up of the Lords Spirtual and the Lords Temporal.5.The house of commons is the lower house of the Parliament ofthe United Kingdom.The Commons is democratically elected body,consisting of 650 members,who are known as "Members of parliament".Unit 41.The Federal government gets its structure and power from the U.S. Constitution (宪法)The Constitution was written and adopted by the ―Founding Fathers‖ in 1787The Constitution sets up a federal system of government by dividing powers between the national ,state and local governments 2.民主党，the Democratic Party, （liberal自由党）。
Donkey ，smart brave.共和党，the Republican Party,(conservative保守党).Elephant ,strong dignified3.1Declare as candidatea.Announce intentions ,start Campaignb.Raise money ,hire a stuffc.Create a gross roots force of volunteers in key states3.2Enter primaries Caucuses and state conventionsWin delegates committed to vote for you in the Summer National Party Convention3.3The National Party Convention3.4The Fall Campaign3.5The Election Day 11月第一个星期一过后的星期二3.6The Election College 12周第二个星期三3.7Counting the Ballots 计票日一月六号3.8 Inauguration Day January 20thElectoral College 选举团Page624.1 Legislative Branch；executiveBranch;Judicial Branch4.2 The distribution of power and authority among the legislative ,executive and judicial branches of government.4.3 A system of limits imposed by the Constitution of the United States on all branches of a government by vesting in each branch the right to amend or void those acts of another that all within its jurisdiction (权限)5.Congress is the legislative branchThere are 2 parts to Congress: The House of Representatives andthe SenateUnit 5 Education1. Features(特征) of American education，what national basicvalues do the system reflect and what functions（功能）of the education in US?P65页倒数第二行起，From elementary school through college, Americans believe that everyone deserves an equal opportunity to get a good education.schools open to all classes of Americans, and financing the schools with tax money collected from all citizensAmerican public education has a strong practical content that include the teaching of vocation skills and the duties of citizens.2. The basic structure of American Education with some details.（美国教育的结构的一些细节）P78页首行起Americans view their public school system as an educational ladder, rising from elementary school to high school and finally college undergraduate programs.Most children start school at age five, by attending kindergarten.Then there are 6 years of elementary school and 2 years of middle school, and 4 years of high school. All do 12 years compulsory education.3. The requirements of American Students admitted or What will betaken into consideration when American high school students apply for a place in colleges or universities?（美国高中生申请进大学或学院的要求和需要考虑的条件）P79页中，7段（总）(题目看到不是很懂，只找到了美国高中生选大学需要考虑的一些问题)What degrees dose the school offer? How long does it take to earn one? At the undergraduate level, a four-year ―liberal arts‖ course of study is traditionally offered in such subjects as history ,languages and philosophy.4. What are highly valued in American schools (universities orcolleges ) ?（美国高等学府里什么被高度重视？）CreditsAn undergraduate student has to earn a certain number of ―credicts‖ in order to receive a degree at the end of 4 years of college.5. Comparison of Education Between Britain and the US （英美两国教育的对照）US: educational ladder; each of the 50 states operates its own universities, and do some large city governments. They decide their own teaching contentBritain: pre-primary school, primary school (6 years), secondary school (comprehensive school and grammar school), at the age of 16, prepare to sit exams for university entrance or vocational training; their teaching content have a common standards all of the country.Unit 7 Holidays1.American Independence Daywhat about 4th of July activities? Let us look at four kinds —family activities, group activities, civic activities, and special TV programs.family activities :they will probably try to drive somewhere to visit someone, or to see some sights, or to do something special,or to stay home, just like they would on any other long weekend in the summer. But otherwise they will probably try to have a picnic or maybe a backyard barbecue.group activities: generally have many church friends.civic activities: they usually have a parade.special TV programs: some with a message from the American President or other officials to remind Americans of both the good and the bad in their society. There are also some Entertainments.2. American Flag Daythe flag is so important that June 14th is American Flag Day, with flags in front of houses, offices, and public buildings. The symbol of the 4th of July is the Stars and Stripes, the nickname for the American flag. And the colors ofthe 4th of July are the colors of the flag — red, white, and blue.3. British Christmas DayChristmas is the biggest and best loved British holiday. Schools close for the period, as do shops and offices, so people can spend time at home with their families. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most of Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, presenting holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with colored lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.There are three Christmas traditions, which are particularly British: one is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play. Another British Christmas tradition is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the television and radio. The British Queen is also the Queen of other nations, like Canada and Australia, and so her message is broadcast to her millions of subjects throughout the world. A third tradition, which is also celebrated in countries with British heritages, is Boxing Day④, Traditionally, it was on Boxing Day that people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants. However, a new Boxing Day custom has emerged, in the cities at least: shopping. Shops open up to sell off all their Christmas stock decorations, food, cards and gift items at low prices. But for most people, however, Boxing Day isa day for visiting, eating and relaxing.4. EasterFor church goers it is Easter⑤, not Christmas, when schools and universities close for a break.5. Buckingham Palacethe second Saturday in June when the Queen's birthday is officially celebrated by ―Trooping the Color‖ around Buckingham Palace⑦in London. The U.K., unlike most countries, does not have a ―national holiday',6.New Year’s EveNew Year’s Eve is celebrat ion-time for Americans, but not a family celebration. they would go to church on New Year’s Eve. They frequently call their New Year’s Eve meeting a ―Watch Night Service‖(除夕礼拜), meaning that they will watch (stay awake) until the New Year begins. The evening may also go something like this：the man drives to his date’s house in his freshly cleaned and washed car. Both of them dress as nicely as possible. Immediately all over America people shout ― Happy New Year! ‖, and join others in singing the famous Scot tish friendship song ―Auld Lang Syne‖（people almost never sing it except on New Year’s Eve）. This day have had the most traffic deaths of any night of the year.if a drinking driver has an accident, the restaurant or bar that served the alcohol is legally partlyresponsible for the accident.7.Times SquareIn the past, New Yorkers might end their evening(The New Year’s Eve) in front of Trinity Church, but now they go to a special celebration not far away in Times Square④.8.April Fools’ DayThe first month of the year at that time was April, that is to say April 1st was the Roman New Year’s Day. In 1564 King Charles Ⅳof France changed New Year’s Day from April 1st to January 1st. But not everyone in France heard about the change, and even some who did know continued to celebrate the New Year’s Day on April 1st. They were all called ―April Fools‖.Sometimes we boys would play a trick on someone after April 1st, but would still say ―April fool!‖. An April fool’s joke must always be done in kin dness, and only to a friend.Unit 8 wedding考点：西方传统教堂婚礼习俗的了解。