英语语法——独立主格
英语语法——独立主格
英语语法——独立主格独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。
它有以下三个特点:(1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
(2) 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
(3) 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
英语中,独立主格结构的形式是:名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起,构成独立主格结构。
1. 名词 / 代词 + 不定式。
如:A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子,我们必须节省每一分钱。
Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了,魏方明天到。
2. 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词。
如:The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了,我们应该把一切事情准备好。
Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了,李蕾非常焦急。
3. 名词 / 代词 + 动词的过去分词。
如:His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了,他就用碗来代替。
4. 名词 / 代词 + 形容词。
如:The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥,我们应该小心。
5. 名词 / 代词 + 副词。
如:The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后,我们都出去玩。
6. 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语。
如:Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜,他问他的眼镜哪去了。
高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习
独立主格结构一、概念“独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词(副)词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。
该结构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接,也不能由从句阴道词引导,通常用逗号与主句隔开。
独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式,但很多时候不能转化为分词形式,因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
二、独立主格的特点1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”,being不可以被省略。
2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it,there时,being不可以省略。
三、独立主格结构的用法。
放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。
四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。
“名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1.不定式构成的独立主格结构不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态,在句中常作原因状语,有时做条件状语。
Lots of homework to do,I have to stayhome all day.由于很多作业要做,我只好待在家里。
Somany childrentolook after,the mother has toquit herjob.如此多的孩子要照顾,这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。
2.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构动词-ing形式的句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语,否则就是不正确的。
动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,就应在动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语,构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构,逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系,是分词的动作执行者,分词表示的动作时逻辑主语发出的动作。
ﻫWe redoubled our efforts,each manworking liketwo.ﻫ我们加倍努力,每个人就像在干两个人的活。
英语语法独立主格结构
英语语法独立主格结构独立主格结构是英语语法中一种重要的句子结构,它可以帮助我们清晰地表达句子的逻辑关系和语义关系,增强句子的表达力和语言的逻辑性。
本文将详细介绍独立主格结构的定义、形式、用法和相关练习。
一、定义独立主格结构是指在一个句子中,主句的主语和独立主格之间存在一种逻辑上的平行关系。
独立主格结构通常由名词或代词(独立主格)+动词/副词/介词短语(补语)构成,与主句之间用逗号隔开。
二、形式独立主格结构可由以下几种形式构成:1.名词短语作独立主格例如:- His arms folded, he leaned against the wall.- The children playing in the yard, the parents sat on the porch.2.代词短语作独立主格例如:- Her hair flowing in the wind, she walked along the beach.- With a smile on his face, he greeted the guests.3.动词短语作独立主格例如:- The sun shining brightly, we decided to go for a picnic.- The game over, the crowd cheered for their team.4.副词短语作独立主格例如:- The storm having passed, we ventured out of our shelter.- The rain falling heavily, she hurriedly grabbed an umbrella.5.介词短语作独立主格例如:- With a sigh of relief, he finished his final exam.- In the distance, we could hear the sound of waves crashing.三、用法独立主格结构能够起到以下几种作用:1.表示时间、条件或原因- The rain having stopped, we went outside to play.- The bus having arrived, we boarded and headed home.2.表示场景、情景或背景- The children singing and dancing, the party was a great success.- The streets filled with people, the city felt vibrant and alive.3.表示对比、对立或转折- The students studying diligently, the teacher was pleased with their progress.4.修饰句子成分,增强句子表达力- His hands trembling, he handed me the letter.- The book finished, she closed it and put it back on the shelf.四、练习请根据上述的独立主格结构的定义、形式和用法,完成以下练习。
英语语法—独立主格
独立主格结构的特点: 独立主格结构的特点:
There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做,我们就回家了。 • There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. • 没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会。
8. It being +名词(代词) 名词( 名词 代词)
• Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard.
3. 名词 主格代词 不定式。 名词/主格代词 不定式。 主格代词+不定式
• 名词 主格代词与不定式之间是主动关系,且强 名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主动关系, 主格代词与不定式之间是主动关系 调的是一次具体性的动作 一次具体性的动作。 调的是一次具体性的动作。如: • He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. • 借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型。 • They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. • 他们道别后,一个回了家,一个去了书店。
独立主格结构详解
独立主格结构详解独立主格结构是英语语法中一种常用的结构形式,它由“名词/代词+分词/介词短语”组成。
独立主格结构在句子中扮演补充说明或者强调的作用。
本文将详细解释独立主格结构的定义、用法和注意事项。
一、定义独立主格结构由两个部分组成:一个名词(一般是人或事物)或代词+一个分词或介词短语。
它可以用来修饰整个句子或者作为句子中的附加说明。
二、用法1. 作为独立成分:独立主格结构可以作为句子的独立成分,放在句首或句末,用以修饰或强调整个句子。
例句1: 他的工作做得很出色,他的专业知识丰富。
例句2: 雨停了,地面湿漉漉的。
2. 作为非限制性定语:独立主格结构可以作为非限制性定语,修饰先行词(通常是主语),从而对主句进行补充说明。
例句3: 她坐在沙发上,看着电视。
例句4: 这个问题经过认真考虑,他们得出了一个解决方案。
3. 作为插入语:独立主格结构可以作为插入语,用以引起读者的注意或者加强语气。
例句5: 天气晴朗,阳光明媚,我们决定去郊外野餐。
例句6: 雨停了,风起了,天空顿时恢复了明朗。
三、注意事项1. 独立主格结构的主体和主句主体应一致;2. 如果是一般过去时或一般将来时,独立主格结构的动词需使用过去分词形式;3. 使用独立主格结构时应注意逗号的使用及位置。
总结:独立主格结构是英语语法中的一个重要结构形式,用以修饰、强调句子或补充说明主句内容。
通过使用独立主格结构,我们可以让句子更加丰富、生动,同时也能够更准确地表达出我们想要表达的意思。
在使用独立主格结构时,我们要注意主体一致性、动词形式以及逗号的使用等方面。
通过对独立主格结构的详细解释,相信读者们对其在句中的使用已有了更深入的了解。
在日常写作和口语表达中,希望大家能够灵活运用这一结构,使语言更加精彩。
考研英语语法-独立主格详解附译文
考研英语语法-独立主格详解附译文一、独立主格结构的特点独立主格是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词,副词,介词短语,分词,不定式等,在句子中作状语,相当于一个状语从句或者并列句。
它有以下三个特点与一个功能:【特点】(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
(2)名词或代词和后面的形容词,副词,介词短语,分词,不定式存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
(3)独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开,与主句之间不能使用连词。
二、使用独立主格结构的注意事项(1) 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时,可用独立主格结构取代状语从句,但不再保留连词。
如:After class was over (=Class being over/Class over) , the students soon left the classroom. 下课后,学生很快离开了课室。
(2) 在下列两种情况下,独立主格结构中的being(或having been)不能省略:a. 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。
如:It being Sunday, we went to church. 因为是星期天,我们去了做礼拜。
b. 在There being+名词的结构中。
如:There being no bus, we had to go home on foot. 因为没有公共汽车,所以我们不得不步行回家。
(3) 在“名词(或代词)+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中,一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。
如:Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand. 史密斯先生走进了课室,手里拿着一本书。
(比较with的复合结构:Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. )(4) 独立主格结构没有所有格形式。
如:The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了,我们开始开会。
高中英语语法——独立主格结构
独立主格一、独立主格结构(the absolute structure)用于修饰整个句子,而不是一个词或词组。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,独立主格结构的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构的特点:1独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。
3独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
4)在句中作状语,并对主句进行补充说明。
5)它有自己逻辑上的主语,表达相对独立的意思三、构成1、名词/代词+ to doWe divide the work, he to clean windows and I to sweep the floor.The last guest to arrive, our party was started. 最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会开始了。
2、名词/代词+ doingIt being fine, we decided to go for a picnic.There being no bus or taxi then, we had to walk home.There being nothing else to do, we left.The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting.The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.(1).__________no bus, we had to walk home. (A)A .There beingB .BeingC .Having beenD .There was(2)._______no bus, we had to walk home. (b)A .As there beingB .As there wasC .BeingD .There was(3)._______Sunday, the library doesn't open. (c)A .BeingB .There beingC .It beingD .Having been(4).______Sunday, the library doesn't open. (d or It being)A .As it beingB .BeingC .It isD .As it is3、名词/代词+ doneHis voice drowned by the noise, the speaker interrupted his lecture.Her wallet stolen, she had no money to buy even a bus ticket.因为钱包被偷了,她甚至连买车票的钱也没有了。
英语语法之独立主格
英语语法之独立主格结构独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。
独立主格结构没有主语和谓语,所以在语法上不是句子。
但多有名词或代词表示的逻辑主语,分词或不定式表示的逻辑谓语,有时还有其他修饰成分。
(判断一个结构是否是句子的标准就是看看这个结构是否有谓语动词。
)这种结构通常在句子中起方式、时间、原因、条件等状语或状语从句的作用,主要用于书面语。
使用动词非谓语形式的独立主格结构可以改为句子形式(从句):独立主格结构加上连词,非谓语动词改为谓语动词形式,这样就成为从句了。
例如:Today being Sunday, the library isn\' t open.今天星期天,图书馆不开放。
(原因)改为从句:As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn\' t open.例如:There being no buses,we had to take a taxi. 没有汽车了,我们只好坐出租车了。
Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.The signal given,the bus started.信号发出后,公共汽车就启动了。
(时间)改为从句:After the signal was given, the bus started.The boy followed that man here,and climbed in,sword in hand.少年跟那个人到这里,并爬了进来,手里拿着剑。
The boy followed that man here,and climbed in,and had a sword in his hand.The mid-term examination is over, the end-of-term examination to come two months later.期中考试结束了,两个月之后进行期末考试.The mid-term examination is over, and the end-of-term examination is to come two months later.Weather permitting, we\' 11 visit the Great Wall.如果天气允许的话,我们就去参观长城。
高中英语语法——独立主格
独立主格结构及分词短语作状语的异同
独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句。但是,独立主格 结构转换为状语从句后,它有自己的逻辑主语,与主句的主语不致 (例①)。而分词短语转换为状语从句后,从句的主语与主句的主语 一致(例②)。 Time permitting, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. If time permits, we'd better have a holiday at weekends. Seeing from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful. When we see from the hilltop, we can find the city more beautiful.
(1)There I met several people, two of _______ being foreigners. A. which B. them C. whom D. that (2) There I met several people, two of _______ were foreigners. A. which B. whom C. who D. that (3) There I met several people, and two of _____ were foreigners. A. which B. them C. whom D. that
2.Her company prospering, Anita revolutionized…
Because her company was prospering,….
独立主格结构的基本构成形式 1、名词或代词主格 + 分词 The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report. Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper. 2、名词或代词主格 + 不定式
英语语法独立主格结构
独立主格结构独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构,可以理解为一个在句子中作状语的短语。
主要由两部分构成:逻辑主语和逻辑谓语。
逻辑主语由名词或代词充当,逻辑谓语由非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语充当。
1.非谓语构成独立主格结构Weather permitting, we’ll have an outing next week.The job finished, we went home.The exam to be held tomorrow, i can’t go with you.2.逻辑主语+名词3.逻辑主语+形容词4.逻辑主语+副词5.逻辑主语+介词短语6.“With+宾语+宾语补足语”的独立主格结构(1)with+名词/代词+非谓语动词With my homework finishedWith a lot of thing to doWith the light burning(2)with+名词/代词:with my home work(3)with+名词/代词+形容词:with the door open(4)with+名词/代词+副词:with the light on(5)with+名词/代词+介词短语:with a book in her hand7.There be句型的独立主格结构(1)作主语There being a kindergarden on campus is a great convenience.It’s necessary for there to be sth.(2)作宾语We expect there to be a chance to go abroad.We are looking forward to there being a concert.(3)作状语There being nobody else at land, i had to do it by myself.There having beenno rain for a long time, the ground was very dry.作原因状语一般用there being (there being=because be.)8.独立主格结构的省略在某些独立主格结构中,如”单数名词+介词短语“中,名词前不用冠词。
英语语法-独立主格的趣味讲解(图片版)
英语语法-独⽴主格的趣味讲解(图⽚版)独⽴主格01.主语独⽴、去连(接)词「独⽴主格结构」与「分词作状语」的区别在于:⽽在「独⽴主格结构」中:1)主格(可以理解为“主语”)是独⽴的,也就是说,独⽴主格结构的主语不⽤依赖主句,它⾃⼰就有主语,跟主句的主语不⼀样;不带连(接)词。
是因为and,so等连接并列句的,称“连词”;⽽what,that,how,who等连接从句的词,我们习惯性叫做“连接词”。
02.四⼤功能独⽴主格结构有4个常⽤的功能,分别是表时间、条件、原因,和伴随。
??接下来,我们将分别对以上功能进⾏改装。
此处有3个改装原则,请牢记:1)对于独⽴主格结构的主语和动作,主动关系⽤doing(现在分词)、被动关系⽤done(过去分词)。
有时候,⼀些固定搭配看起来像被动语态,实际上不含被动意义,如:betiredof,befilledwith等;2)being,havingbeen⼀般省略,除了2种特殊情况,⾍⼦写在04Part;3)连(接)词统统扔掉。
@表时间解析:在独⽴主格结构中,连接词when丢掉;theclasswasover,可改装为:theclassbeingover,但正常情况下,being/havingbeen可以省略不写。
剩下部分照搬。
下⾯这句,你来把它变成独⽴主格结构:Whendinnerwasfinished,theydidn’toffertohelpmeclean.饱饭过后,他们没⼈提出帮我收拾。
解析:连接词if丢掉;w eatherpermits,主动关系,动词permit改成⾮谓语形式的doing。
剩下部分照搬。
Ifallthing sareconsidered,heisjustnotthatintoyou.综合考虑的话,他没有那么喜欢你啦。
注:独⽴主格结构中,如果出现否定,not要提前;现在完成时形式的have/hasdone,改为havingdone即可:hasn’treleased→nothavingreleased。
英语语法 独立主格
My health allowing, I will work far into the night. (现
在分词) 我的健康许可的话,我愿工作到深夜。(条件)
The test finished, we’ll have our summer vocation. 考试结束以后,我们将开始暑假了。(时间) More time given, we can finish the work. 如果给我们更多的时间,我们就能完成这项 工作(条件)
天空黑云密布,很快就要下雨。
1. ________ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D. There were 2. _______, we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 3. ______, the hunter went into the forest. A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder 4. ; we had to put the meeting off. A. Because the manager was ill B. The manager being ill C. The manager was ill D. Being ill
A. Time permits C. Time permitting
英语语法----独立主格
二、作原因状语
1、With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves. = The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.
2、With the key having been lost, she could not enter the room. = The key having been lost, she could not enter the room.
三、作条件状语
1、With time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palac = Time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace. 2、With the car going wrong, we’ll have to stop at the foot of the mountain. = The car going wrong, we’ll have to stop at the foot of the mountain.
• 6. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ___ at the end of last March. • A. has been launched B. having been launched • C. being launched D. to be launched • 7. Here are two volumes, the third one ____ next month. • A. comes out B. came out C. coming out D. to come out • 8. With his son___ , the old man felt unhappy. • A. to disappoint B. to be disappointing • C. disappointing D. being disappointed • 9.--- Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. • ---Sorry. With so much work ___ my mind, I almost break down. • A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled • 10.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work __, he gladly accepted it . • A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
英语语法之独立主格
He raised his head, his eyes swollen. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. He put on his socks, wrong side out. His parents being away on vacation, he had to cook meal for himself. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next mouth.
独立主格 (一): 独立主格结构的构成: 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词; 名词(代词)+形容词; 名词(代词)+副词; 名词(代词)+不定式; 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。 (二) 独立主格结构的特点: 1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不 同,它独立存在。 2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词, 不定 式,介词等是主谓关系。 3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
英语语法独立主格
英语语法独立主格独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子,而不是一个词或词组。
接下来,小编给大家准备了英语语法独立主格,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
英语语法独立主格一、独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式独立主格结构(the absolute structure)是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构,用于修饰整个句子,而不是一个词或词组。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系,独立主格结构的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
例如1)Night enshrouding the earth,nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.(黑夜笼罩大地,谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
)2)He lay at full length upon his stomach,his head resting upon his left forearm.(他的脊背朝天,四肢伸展,头枕着左臂,直挺挺地趴伏着。
)3)The coward was backing,his face being deathly pale,toward another room.(那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去,脸色煞白。
) 独立主格结构多用于书面语,尤其是描述性语言中,在口语和非正式文体中,一般用从句或两个句子来代替。
例如,上述例句可变为:1)Because night enshrouded the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.2)He lay at full length upon his stomach.His head rested upon his left forearm.3)The coward was backing toward another room.His face was deathly pale.二、独立主格结构的特殊构成形式独立主格结构除上述基本构成形式,即名词/代词+分词(短语)外,还有如下特殊构成形式。
英语语法独立主格结构
• Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (You may refer to the corresponding passages in Part I) • 1. These discoveries have grown into a whole discipline of color psychology. (passage 1) • • 2. So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced countries are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop traffic (passage 1) • • 3. For every social situation ,there is permissible time that you can hold a person’s gaze without being intimate ,rude or aggressive.( passage 2) • • 4. Cyclo-cross races are usually held from September to March ,adding winter weather hazards to the challenge .( passage 3) • • 5. In the process ,the moisture in this warm air produces rain .and with it the heat is converted to energy in the form of strong winds. ( passage 4) •
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独立主格
10.1 独立主格
(一):独立主格结构的构成:
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
(二)独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例:
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆
10.2With的复合结构作独立主格
表伴随时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构。
with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
举例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.
典型例题
The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。
当分词表示伴随状况时,其主语常常用with来引导。
由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系,因此用过去分词,选D.
注意:
1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题:
当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词),也不用复数。
但with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his)。
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时,及物动词用现在分词,不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
典型例题:
Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
A permitted
B permitting
C permits
D for permitting
答案B. 本题中没有连词,它不是复合句,也不是并列句。
句中使用了逗号,且we 小写,可知其不是两个简单句。
能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。
据此判断,本句中使用的是独立结构,其结构为:名词+分词。
由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许',表主动,应用现在分词,故选B。
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式,不妨将句子改为条件句,例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉,再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。