倒装句的用法及常用谚语、俗语

一：倒装句的定义

在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时由于语法或修辞的需要将谓语的一部分或整个谓语提到主语前面，这样的语序叫做“倒装”语序。

二：倒装句的类型

1）部分倒装---- 助动词\情态动词+主语+谓语的实义动词型

2）全倒装---- 谓语+主语型

三：在以下结构中用全倒装

此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：

1.在there be或者There live(stand,appear.seem,remain,exist….) 句型中；

如：There are thousands of people on the square.

原语序应该为：Thousands of people are there on the square.

There lived an old fisherman in the village.

原语序为：An old fisherman lived there in the village.

there stands a little girl.

正常语序为：A little girl stands there.

2.在“here,there, now, thus, then+动词+主语”的句子中,(谓语动词为be, go, come, lie, run 等，主语为名词);

如: Now comes my turn.

There goes the bell.

Then came the order to leave.

Here comes a bus= A bus comes here.

3.在“out\ in, up\ down, off\away，in the distance,on the hill,round the corner”等表示方向性的副词或表示地点的介词词组位于句首，且主语又是名词，谓语是表示运动的动词。Away went the crowed one by one.

In came a stranger in black.

Out rushed the children.

Down fell the leaves.

On the floor were piles of old books.

☆注意：以上各种情况若主语是人称代词，如I, he, she, they等，则用正常语序---- adv.+主语+谓语；

eg: Out she went.

There they are.

Here he comes.

4.有时为了强调表语，构成“表语+连系动词+主语”结构；

eg: Lucky is she who was chosen to be a leader.

=She who was chosen to be a leader is lucky.

Gone are the days when women were looked down upon!

The days when women were looked down upon are gone!

5、在某些表示愿望的感叹句，全倒装。

Long live the People's Republic of China!

May you be happy.

四：在以下结构中用部分倒装

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1.含有否定或半否定意义的词语（如：not,never,seldom,hardly,lit tle,scarcely,few…）；或者含有否定意义的连词（not only…but also.., neither..nor.., no sooner…than...（一。。。就。。。），scarely..than.., Hardly..when.., not until...;nowher等）；或否定意义的介词词组（by no means(决不),in no case（任何情况下都不）, at no time（决不）, on no account（决不）,under no circumstances...（任何情况下都不））位于句首时；

如：

含有否定意义的词语：

I have never seen him before.=Never have I seen him before.

Not a word did he say when he left.

Seldom/Scarecely does he go to that park.

Hardly(几乎不。。。) do I speak to him.

Little English can he speak.

Little does he realize the importance of the meeting.

Few people did I see in the street.

含有否定意义的连词：

如：Not only can he play basketball, but also I can.

No sooner had we arrived home than it began to rain.

Hardly had we met our friends when the train left.

Not until the baby fell asleep did the mother leave the room.(主句倒装，从句不倒装)

=The mother didn’t leave the room until the baby fell asleep.

注意：1)Not only...but also...必须连接两个分句时，才使用部分倒装。而且只倒装not only后的分句。如果连接的是两个并列词语，不用倒装结构。