双宾语用法回顾

双宾语用法回顾

英语中，有些及物动词可以接两个宾语，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，这两个宾语合称为“双宾语”。学习和使用双宾语时应注意以下要点：

1. 有些动词接双宾语，若间接宾语位于直接宾语之后时，其前必须使用介词to。常见的这类动词有bring, give, hand, lend, offer, owe, pass, sell, send, show, tell, return, write等。如：

Thank you for offering me your umbrella.

= Thank you for offering your umbrella to me.

We still owe the company $500.

= We still owe $500 to the company.

She wrote me a letter once a month.

= She wrote a letter to me once a month.

2. 有些动词接双宾语，若间接宾语位于直接宾语之后时，其前必须使用介词for。常见的这类动词有build, buy, cook, fetch, find, get, order, paint, fix, save, sing, spare等。如：

His aunt bought him a CD player on his birthday.

= His aunt bought a CD player for him on his birthday.

He sat down by the window and ordered himself a coffee.

= He sat down by the window and ordered a coffee for himself.

注意：如果直接宾语是人称代词，一般只能置于间接宾语之前。如：

That pen is mine. Please return it to me. (不能说成Please return me it)

I left my keys in the office. Will you fetch them for me? (不能说成Will you fetch me them?)

3. 有些动词后的间接宾语不能改为由to或for引起的短语，常见的这类动词有allow, ask, charge, cost, envy, forgive, kiss, promise, refuse, wish等。如：

Wish you good luck! (不能说成Wish good luck to / for you)

The dress cost me exactly $100. (不能说成The dress cost $100 to / for me.)

They allowed me only a few minutes to prepare. (不能说成allow sth. to / for sb.)

4. 有些动词接双宾语时，间接宾语前总是要加上介词to。常见的这类动词有

announce, explain, express, introduce, report, suggest, describe, complain, mention 等。如：

Will you explain the poem to me once again? (不能说成explain sb. sth.)

The headmaster introduced to us the famous scientist. (句中的to不能省略)

The girl reported to the policeman what she had seen in the street. (不能说成report sb. sth.)

5. 能够充当直接宾语的除了名词和代词以外，还可以是“疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构或宾语从句。如：

The teacher told them what to do next.

She asked me how I was getting on with my new job.

Please remind him that the meeting has been put off till next week.

6. 带双宾语结构的句子在变为被动语态时，通常有两种情况。如：

She showed me a photo of her family.

→I was shown a photo of her family.或A photo of her family was shown to me.

He gave the little girl an apple.

→The little girl was given an apple.或An apple was given to the little girl.

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