(完整)初中语法介词讲解

介词和介词短语

介词是虚词，根据意义可分为地点介词、时间介词、方位介词、手段介词和其他介词等。

1表示时间的介词：at, in, on, before, to, from, by, till, until, after, for, since 等。

2表示地点，位置，方向的介词：next, to, in, in front of, on , out of, at, above, over, into, near, between, under, up, across, by, down, from, around, behind, beside等

3表示原因，理由的介词：for, as, at, from 等

4表示方式的介词：on, in, by, with 等。

常用介词辨析

1．表示时间的in, on, at, after

1)in 的用法。

用于早晨、下午、傍晚。In the morning/afternoon/evening

用于月、年、季节等。In March, in 1986, in spring

用于一段时间后。In a week, in a year’s time, in two hours

2)on 的用法

用于具体某一天。On my birthday, on the morning of next Friday, on June 6, on Sunday, on New Year’s Day

用于描述性的时间。On a cold night, on a winter day

3)at 的用法

用于具体的钟点。At 12 o’clock, at half nine

用于固定的搭配。At lunch, at night, at breakfast, at noon, at Christmas, at weekends, at that time

4)after 表示在一点时间以后。After twelve o’clock

2. 表示的地点的in, on , at

in

at表示的是点。

in

3.

1）

2）指斜下方。

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

五月六月below under

There will be two bridges over the river.河上将有两座桥。4.表方位的in, on, to.

Shanghai is in the east of China.

Russia is on the east of China.

Japan is to the east of China.

5. between, among

Between指两者之间, among指三者或三者以上。

6. across , over, through

Across表示从这一边到另一边的横过, over表示从空间通过, through则表示从内部空间穿过。

Can you swim across the lake? 你能游泳过湖吗？

The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across the desserts, over the mountains, through the valleys, till at last it reaches the see.

7. with, in ,by

With后跟工具, in后跟语言、材料等, by跟某种方式。

I can write with a pen. 我能用笔写。

He wrote the words in red ink.

We often go to school by bike./ I learn English by listening to tapes.

8. 看似相同，但意义有别的词组。

At school 在上学In front of 在…前边（外部) In class 在课上

At the school 在学校In the front of 在…前部（内部）In the class 在这个班

In bed 在睡觉In hospital 住院Go to school 去上学

In the bed 在床上In the hospital 在医院里Go to the school 去学校

At table吃饭by sea 乘船on earth 究竟

At the table 在桌前by the sea 在海边on the earth 在地球上

用适当的介词填空

1)He knows everything ______________ the school.

2)He usually goes out for a walk ________ lunch.

3)I have lunch _________ half past eleven.

4)Please look ________ the blackboard.

5.They work ____________8:00 ___________16:00.

5)When do they get up _________ the morning?

6)Will we go ____________ bus or _________ foot?

7.We have learned a lot _________ you.

7)The cup was broken _________ her.

8)Where are you ________? I’m _________Beijing.

9)We are working _________ the people.

10)It is time _________ breakfast.

11)Class begins _________ nine.