苔藓植物生殖生态学研究

第23卷第11期2003年11月生 态 学 报ACT A ECOLOGICA SINICA V ol.23,No.11N ov.,2003苔藓植物生殖生态学研究

王中生1,安树青1,方炎明2

(1.南京大学生命科学学院,南京　210093;2.南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,南京　210037)

基金项目:科技部973重点资助项目(2002CB111504);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30270110)

收稿日期:2003-06-08;修订日期:2003-09-10

作者简介:王中生(1972～),男,安徽桐城人,博士,讲师。主要从事植物生态学及分子系统学研究。E -mail :W an gzs @nju

Foundation item :T he 973-project of the M inis try of S cience an d Tech nology (No.2002CB111504)an d the National Natu -ral S cience Foundation of China(No.30270110)

Received date :2003-06-08;Accepted date :2003-09-10

Biography :W ANG Zhong -Sh eng ,Ph .D .,mainly en gaged in th e res earch of plant ecology and molecular sys tematics .E -mail:Wangzs @

摘要:近年来苔藓植物生殖生态学研究主要集中于繁育系统、生殖代价与对策,以及不同生殖方式对种群遗传变异的影响等方面。生殖结构的原始性及其对水分的独特需求,以及雌雄异株比例较高等导致苔藓植物中有性生殖比例偏低;雌配子体很少完成整个有性生殖过程,其“真实的生殖代价”主要指雌性性表达(雌配子发生)的能耗,并且显著低于雄性性表达;基于对资源有效分配的生殖对策而导致雌性偏向及部分孢子体败育。无性生殖有利于不同生境条件下有效种群的发展与维持,其多样化的繁殖方式导致复杂的种群动态。苔藓植物具有较高的种群遗传多样性,生殖方式与种群遗传变异无直接因果关系,孢子与无性繁殖体不同的散布能力对于种群间遗传分化具有一定的影响。

关键词:苔藓;生殖生态;性比;生殖代价;遗传多样性

Review of reproductive ecology of Bryophytes

WANG Zho ng -Sheng 1,AN Shu -Qing 1,FANG Yan -M ing 2　(1.S chool of L if e Science ,N anj ing U -

niv ersity ,N anj ing 210093,Ch ina ; 2.College of F ore st R esour ces &Env ir onment ,N anj ing F or estry Univ ersity ,N an -j ing 210037,China ).Acta Ecologica Sinica ,2003,23(11):2444～2452.

Abstract :Recently inv estig atio ns on r epro ductiv e ecolog y of Br yo phy tes hav e go t remar kably pro gr esses,mainly including breeding system,cost and stra tegy o f repr oduction,as w ell as influence o f r epr o ductiv e patter n o n g enetic diver sity of population .R atio s o f sex ual repro ductio n wer e lo w because o f prim itiv e re-pr oductiv e patt ern w ith part icular requirem ent o f wa ter and co mmon dioecio us pheno menon .F requency o f sexual repro ductio n was especially low in female (fro m gam ete pr oductio n thr oug h spor ophyt e matur atio n),so the co st o f r ealized sex ual r epr oductio n incur r ed by fem ale was restr icted t o sex expr essio n (gam ete pro ductio n ).O n aver age ,male incurr ed a g reat er co st in g amete pr oduct ion than female did ,so that female -dominat ed sex r atio might be a pro duct of a hig her aver age cost o f sex expr ession in ma le .Spor ophyte abor tio n w ould be influenced by reg ulat ion of resour ce allo catio n in mater nal seg ment.A sex ual repr oduction in heter og eneo us habit ats sho w ed a g r eater fitness v alue,w hich w as beneficial to po pulatio n dev elopment and maint enance .Hig her genetic diver sity w as discov ered in Br y ophy te po pulation using kinds o f m olecular mar ker ,and ther e w as no direct r elationship betw een repro ductive pat terns and g enet ic var iabilit y,but differ ent disper sal ability betw een spor e and v egetat ive fra gment wo uld ar ouse pr ofo und in-fluence on po pulation differentiatio n.