英语国家概况期末考整理

Unit 1 UK

著名景点

Big Ben 大本钟2、Tower Bridge(crosses the River Thames; close to the Tower of London; symbol of London ) 3、Westminster Abbey ( Gothic church in the City of Westminster,London; Coronation and burial site for British monarchs.) 4、Red Double Decker Bus (mass transit)

英国基本知识

1、constituent parts ⇨ England/ Scotland/ Northern Ireland/ Wales(国旗)

2、the national anthem(国歌)⇨ God save the queen

3、The national Emblem⇨

4、National flower⇨ Rose (Wars of the Roses - civil wars (1455-1485) between the royal house of Lancaster ( red rose) and the royal house of York (white rose).)

5、地理位置

6、Full name⇨The "United Kingdom of

Great Britain and Northern Ireland".（The British Isles不列颠岛; Great Britain; UK ; Commonwealth）

7、Three political divisions（行政区域）: England, Scotland, and Wales.

8、Commonwealth⇨ A free association of sovereign states comprising Great Britain and a number of its former dependencies ; united as ‘free and equal members’.

9、Capital

England(London); Scotland(Edinburgh); Wales(Cardiff);

Northern Ireland(Belfast) 10、Backbone of England⇨ Pennine

11、Ben Nevis⇨ the highest mountain in UK. 1343m

12、North Ireland⇨ National flower: Irish clover (三叶草)；Lough Neagh (the largest lake in UK) ; industrious; agricultural

13、Rivers and lakes⇨1. The Severn River(longest river; from the mountain of Wales to the Bristol Channel) 2. The Thames River (Main source of London’s water supply;Second longest river in Britain; Costwold Hills--North Sea)3. The Clyde River (The most important river in Scotland)4. Lake District 5. Lough Neagh（The largest lake in Britain (396 square kilometers), Northern Ireland.）

14、The climate in Britain⇨pea souper 超级浓雾

Unit2 UK

1、the first settler⇨ The Iberian(伊比利亚人)

2、Stonehenge(巨石阵)⇨was a place of healing center；The most important monument left by Iberian；There are about 80 stones, and each is five meters tall.

3、The Celtic language⇨ the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic(盖尔语) (Irish,Scotish).

4、Hadrian ’s Wall

5、7th century Heptarchy（七国联盟）⇨(Wessex; Sussex; Kent; Essex; East Anglia; Mercia; Northumbria)

6、Viking pirates(维京海盗) ⇨ Vikings from Denmark；established some

small kingdoms；Northern and eastern England

7、The Norman Conquest(1066)⇨ The Normans that invaded England in 1066 came from Normandy in Northern France.

8、Black Death(名词解释)⇨was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague(腺鼠疫), an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas ；in Europe; reduce England’s population from 4 million to 2 million

9、Linguistic composition

England⇨1.Origin: Germanic (Anglo, Saxon,Jutes)nguage:English (union of Norman French and language of Anglo-Saxons); Cockney Wales⇨1.Origin:Celts nguage:English; Welsh (1/5; in north and west; the most flourishing of the Celtic languages).

Scotland ⇨1.Origin:Highlanders (Celts) Lowlanders (Anglo –Saxon) nguage:English Scottish Gaelic, 2%

Northern Ireland ⇨1.Origin:Celts nguage:English; Irish Gaelic

10、Cockneys(伦敦腔)⇨ The dialect or accent of the natives of the East End of London.

Unit 3 UK

1、The House of Normans⇨ on Dec. 25, 1066 ; The Battle of Hastings; after the death of Edward the Confes

2、The consequences of Norman Conquest⇨ 1. Feudal system completely established. 2. Norman government. 3. Relation with the continent opened.

4.Civilization and commerce extended.

5. Norman French culture, language, manners and architecture introduced.

6. Church courts separated from the civil courts.

3、the first king of the House of Plantagenet(1154)⇨ Henry II

4、The king of Lackland⇨ King John(the feudal nobility and the leading Church figure, 1215); sign the Magna Carta

5、The Hundred Years’ War(1337-1453)⇨ between France and England

6、Wat Tyler’s Uprising/ Peasants’ Revolt（农民起义）⇨ in 1381; Cause: resentment over the poll tax; finance a war with France; In London, the peasants forced King Richard II to make several concession; Tyler was struck down; The major part of rebellion was crushed

7、The War of Rose(1455 - 1485) ⇨ the House of Lancaster V.S. the House of York ; Henry Tudor defeated Richard II; United the two house

8、The first king of Tudor⇨ Henry VII ;

9、The Enclosure movement(圈地运动)⇨ fast development clothing industry→more wool was needed→sheep-farming(enclosure movement)→capital→ capitalism 10、Henry VIII ⇨ the English Reformation started in the region of Henry VIII for his marriage issue.

11、Milestone(里程碑) of Elizabeth I ⇨ 1. Balance the protestants and Catholics 2. Her government was effective in reducing the power of old nobility, expending the power of her government, and effecting common law and administration throughout England. 3. Reached further through trade&adventure, new land, material, food 4. 1599, arena of world trade and colonization.

12、English Revolution/ Civil War(英国革命)(1625--1649)⇨ Charles I ; King V.S. Parliament; Monarchy replaced Commonwealth

13、Oliver Cromwell⇨ 1.defeated Charles I 2.Under his lead, the Parliament controlled most of England by 1646 Lord Protector