英语国家概况期末考整理
《英语国家概况》期末复习资料
UKUTIL11. The British Isles are made up of ______C_.A. three large islands and hundreds of small onesB. three large islands and dozens of small onesC. two large islands and hundreds of small onesD. two large islands and dozens of small ones2. Which of the following is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain?----C----A. England.B. Scotland.C. Northern Ireland.D. Wales.3. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the __B_____ and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north4. The Republic of Ireland was totally independent in the year __D_____.A. 1920B. 1945C. 1918D. 19495. The highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis, lies in __A____.A. the HighlandsB. the Southern UplandsC. the Central LowlandsD. the Lake District6. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in ___B_______.A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19507. The mountain system the Pennines is often called the backbone of __A_____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Great BritainD. Ireland8. The regional capital of Northern Ireland is ____D___.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. Belfast9. Which of the following statements about the climate in Britain is NOT true?-----B-------A. Britain’s climate is of the maritime type.B. Winters in Britain are extremely cold.C. Summers in Britain are cool.D. Britain is warmer than Harbin in winter.UTIL21. The English people and the English language were born from the union of _____D___.A. the Angles and the SaxonsB. Romans and the Norman FrenchC. Danes or Vikings and the Norman FrenchD. Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons2. The first known settlers of Britain were __A_____.A. the IberiansB. the Beaker FolkC. the CeltsD. the Romans3. About 80,000 Scots speak Gaelic which is an ancient ___D______.A. Scottish languageB. English languageC. Irish languageD. Celtic language4. About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War II. They are mainly from the West Indies, India and ___D_______.A. IndonesiaB. SingaporeC. Hong KongD. Pakistan5. In Britain _______ of the population is urban and __A_____ is rural.A. 90% ; 10%B. 80% ; 20%C. 70% ; 30%D. 60% ; 40%6. The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient ___A_______.A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Britons7. The average population density in Britain is ___A___ people per square kilometer.A. 250B. 370C. 800D. 5008. During the 5th century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic ____D_____ invaded and conquered Britain.A. Angles and CeltsB. Angles and PictsC. Angles and BrythonsD. Angles and Saxons9. The upper class in Britain consists of the following except ___D______.A. peerageB. gentryC. landownersD. professionals10. “Britishness”can be reflected in the following except __D_______.A. Union JackB. conservativenessC. the BeatlesD. Thanksgiving DayUTIL31. In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against William’s army on Senlac field near ___D_____.A. LondonB. NormandyC. StandfordD. Hastings2. The Plantagenet Dynasty was founded by ___B______.A. HenryB. Henry IIC. King JosephD. Count of Anjor3. English Reformation was carried out by __B_____ to change the religion in England from Catholicism to Protestantism.A. Edward VIB. Henry VIIIC.Mary ID. Elizabeth I4. King John was forced by the barons to sign the ___D____ which restricted the King’s power.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter5. Simon de Montfort’s reform is considered to be the beginning of English _A______.A. parliamentB. cabinetC. constitutionD. liberty6. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as ___A____.A. Lord ProtectorB. Lieutenant GeneralC. Commander of the New Model ArmyD. President7. William of Orange started Constitutional Monarchy by accepting __A_____ in 1689.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter8. The 1851 London Great Exposition was held in the Crystal Palace which was designed by Queen ____C___’s husband Albert.A. MaryB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Anne9. The British Prime Minister who led the British to defeat Nazi Germany is ___A____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. MacDonaldD. Macmillan UTIL41. The British constitution is made up of the following EXCEPT ____A_______.A. Commonwealth lawB. statute lawC. common lawD. ancient documents2. The House of Commons is elected by universal suffrage and has about ___A________ Members of Parliament.A. 650B. 660C. 670D. 6803. British Conservative Party was formerly called __B_____ Party in the 18th century.A. WhigB. ToryC. LiberalD. Nationalist4. The United Kingdom is governed in the name of ____D_______, by ___________.A. the King; the Prime MinisterB. the Queen; the Prime MinisterC. the Prime Minister; His or Her Majesty’s GovernmentD. the Sovereign; His or Her Majesty’s Government5. ___A_____ is the “supreme governor”of the Church of England.A. The monarchB. The Archbishop of YorkC. The Archbishop of CanterburyD. The Roman Pope6. In Britain the citizens aged ____B________ or over have the right to vote.A. 16B. 18C. 21D. 307. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______A______ by the Sovereign inthe United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House8. The Liberal Democratic Party is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and ______C_______.A. the Conservative PartyB. the Labour PartyC. the Liberal PartyD. the Green Party9. Parliament has the following functions EXCEPT ___C_________.A. making lawB. authorizing taxation and public expenditureC. declaring warD. examining the actions of the governmentUTIL51. All criminal trials are held in open court because the criminal law presumes the __C_____ of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.A. guiltB. impartialityC. InnocenceD. honesty2. In England, Wales, and Northern Island, people between the age of ___A______ and 70 whose names appear on the electoral register are liable for jury service and their names are chosen at random.A. 18B. 19C. 20D. 213. The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 in England, Wales and Northern Island, and ___D________ in Scotland.A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 154. Whether the accused is guilty or innocent is decided by ___B______.A. the policemenB. the juryC. the judgeD. the sheriff5. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the Scotland is ___A______.A. the Supreme Court of the United KingdomB. the Court of AppealC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the House of Lords6. In England and Wales the highest judicial appointments are made by the Queen on the advice of __C______.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Home SecretaryC. the Prime MinisterD. the Attorney General7. Criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be tried in ___C_________.A. the Magistrates’CourtB. the Court of AppealC. the High CourtD. the Crown Court8. The three “lay”magistrates that make up a Magistrates’Court in Britain are known as ___A______.A. Justices of the PeaceB. stipendiary magistratesC. Justices of LawD. part-time magistrates9. The most serious criminal offences in Scotland are tried in _____C_____.A. the District CourtB. the Sheriff CourtC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the Crown Court UTIL61. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of __B_____.A. Adam SmithB. John Maynard KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx2. Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experienced __B____.A. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression3. Which of the following is NOT true of Britain’s agriculture?-----D-------A. British farming is highly mechanized.B. Agriculture in Britain is intensive.C. British farming is very efficient.D. Britain’s agriculture can produce enough food for its people.4. In Britain less than ___A_____ of the population are farmers.A. 2%B. 4%C. 6%D. 10%5. In the ___C___ Britain became a net exporter of oil.A. 1960sB. 1970sC. 1980sD. 1990s6. To stimulate economic recovery, the Thatcher Government carried out all the following policies but __B____.A. privatizationB. interventionismC. deregulationD. market liberalization7. Britain is the _D___ largest trading nation in the world.A. thirdB. fourthC. fifthD. sixth8. British oil fields were discovered on the __D_____.A. English ChannelB. Irish SeaC. Norwegian SeaD. North Sea9. Which of the following is not included in the new industries in Britain?-----D----A. Microprocessors.B. Computers.C. Biotechnology.D. Motor vehicles. UTIL71. The National Health Service (NHS) was established in the United Kingdom in ___C______.A. 1946B. 1947C. 1948D. 19492.____B____ is directly responsible for the NHS.A. Local governmentB. Central governmentC. V oluntary organizationsD. Certain social boards3. In Britain, children up to the age of ____D__ can receive family allowances for children.A. 11B. 12C. 15D. 164. In Britain, pensions for the elderly, or retirement benefits, begin for women at the age of ___C_____.A. 50B. 55C. 60D. 655. In England the NHS is managed by the __B______.A. Department for Work and PensionsB. Department of HealthC. Social Security AgencyD. Social Services Department6. The National Health Service in Britain provides a full range of medical services for __C_____.A. employeesB. residents aged between 18-60C. every residentD. residents aged over 607. Social Security in the UK is the government’s most expensive program, costing __C___ of public funding.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%8. A family doctor in Britain is also known as a __C____.A. general doctorB. general pharmacistC. general practitionerD. family practitioner9. In 2001 people in marriage accounted for __B_____ of the adult population in Britain.A. 60%B. 55%C. 50%D. 45%10. Houses have traditionally been divided into following types EXCEPT __D____.A. detached houseB. semi-detached houseC. terraced houseD. attached house UTIL81.____B____ is the largest of the Free Churches.A. The BaptistsB. The Methodist ChurchC. The Roman Catholic ChurchD. The Church in Wales2. Established Churches in Britain are _____D______.A. Church of England and Church of WalesB. Church of Wales and Church of ScotlandC. the Anglican ChurchesD. Church of England and Church of Scotland3. The Free Churches do NOT include ___A______.A. the Church of EnglandB. the Methodist ChurchC. the Baptist ChurchD. the United Reformed Church4. The principal non-Christian communities in Britain are ___D____.A. the MoslemsB. the BuddhistsC. the HindusD. the Jews5. The Church of Scotland is a ___C_____ church.A. MethodistB. BaptistC. PresbyterianD. Catholic6. In Great Britain, the ____A_______ is uniquely related to the Crown.A. Church of EnglandB. Church of ScotlandC. Church of IrelandD. Church of Wales7. The members of ____D___ in Britain have also been known as dissenters or nonconformists.A. the Anglican ChurchB. the Church of EnglandC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Free Churches8. The Church of England has two provinces. They are ___A_____.A. Canterbury and YorkB. London and YorkC. Durham and CanterburyD. London and Winchester UTIL91. There are some __C_____ universities in Britain, including the Open University.A. 70B. 80C. 90D. 1002. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the _____A________ centuries.A. 12th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16th3. The usual age for transfer from primary to secondary schools is ____D_________ in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.A. 14B. 13C. 12D. 114. In Britain, private schools are often called ___D___.A. comprehensive schoolsB. grammar schoolsC. secondary modern schoolsD. independent schools5. In Britain, higher education is usually defined as advanced courses of a standard higher than ____B____ or equivalent.A. GCE O-LevelB. GCE A-LevelC. GCE AS-LevelD. GCSE6. In Britain, education at primary levels emphasizes the following EXCEPT ____D________.A. readingB. writingC. arithmeticD. science7. The following universities belong to “red-brick”universities EXCEPT ____D_____.A. University of LeedsB. University of LiverpoolC. University of ManchesterD. University of Glasgow8. The leading scientific society in Britain is ___D_____.A. the British Association for the Advancement of ScienceB. the Royal InstitutionC. the British AcademyD. the Royal SocietyUTIL101. The largest and the most important museum in Britain is _____A_______.A. the British MuseumB. the Victoria and Albert MuseumC. the Imperial War MuseumD. the National Gallery2. Britain’s most popular pastime is ____B________.A. reading newspaperB. watching TVC. playing footballD. horse racing3. The Times is a _____A_______ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. quality SundayD. mid-market daily4. The Daily Mirror is a ____B_____ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. popular SundayD. mid-market daily5. Football has its traditional home in ___A________.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. FranceD. Italy6. ______C_______ is the most typical English sports.A. FootballB. RugbyC. CricketD. Horse racing7. Of the following four sports, _____A________ has the longest history.A. cricketB. golfC. footballD. rugby8. The Beatles was a band formed by four boys from ____B_____.A. ManchesterB. LiverpoolC. LondonD. EdinburghUSAUTIL11. The United States of America is the ____D________ country in the world in size.A. largestB. second-largestC. third-largestD. fourth-largest2. ____B________ extend from the northern tip of Maine southwestern to Alabama.A. The Rocky MountainsB. The Appalachian HighlandsC. The Coast MountainsD. The Blue Mountains3. The climate of the United States is influenced by ____D________.A. the Atlantic and Pacific OceansB. the Gulf of MexicoC. the Great LakesD. All of the above4. What is the leading commercial crop of the south?-----B-----A. Cotton.B. Tobacco.C. Sugar cane.D. Rice.5. What Midwestern city is the automobile capital of the world?---B-----A. Chicago.B. Detroit.C. Milwaukee.D. Cleveland.6. One of the most important lakes in the United States is __A_______, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake MichiganC. Lake HuronD. Lake Ontario7. New England lies in ___C_______ of the United States.A. the northern partB. the southern partC. the northeastern partD. the southeastern part8. The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a ____D_______ climate.A. subtropicalB. continental desertC. maritimeD. Mediterranean9. The smallest state in the United States is ____B_______.A. WashingtonB. Rhode IslandC. HawaiiD. Maryland10. In the United States, the largest city along the Pacific coast is ____A_______.A. Los AngelesB. San FranciscoC. SeattleD. PortlandUTIL21. The British established 13 colonies along __C_______.A. the west coast of North AmericaB. the west coast of South AmericaC. the east coast of North AmericaD. the east coast of South America2. In the early 1850s, with the westward movement, the slavery became a serious political issue endangering the unity of the country because ___A______.A. whether or not slavery would expand into the future states formed as a result of the westward movement would affect the balance of power in the SenateB. the South insisted that slavery should be allowed to spread into all new territoriesC. the North refused to let slavery spread into new territoriesD. the North wanted to put an end to slavery3. The Progressive Movement wanted to ___A_____ in order to stop big business control.A. initiate strict government regulationB. have the government fix pricesC. break up all the big businessesD. do away with rebates4. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of _____D_______ .A. cultural revivalB. loss of purposeC. development in science and technologyD. material success and spiritual frustration5. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and 1930s was first brought about by _____D________.A. bank failuresB. serious unemploymentC. farm foreclosuresD. the stock market crash6. The purpose of the New Deal measures was to ___A_______.A. save American democracy and the capitalist systemB. check the worsening of the economic situationC. help people tide over the difficultyD. increase American export7. On June 5, 1947, ___A_____ suggested that the U.S. should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion.A. George MarshallB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. George KennanD. Harry Truman8. At the time of Cuban Missile Crisis, the President of the U.S. was _____C_______.A. TrumanB. EisenhowerC. KennedyD. Johnson9. New Frontier and Great Society were programs initiated by __C_____.A. President KennedyB. President JohnsonC. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson respectivelyD. Presidents Johnson and Kennedy respectively10. The conservatism during Reagan’s administration was known as _____B________.A. the New LeftB. the New RightC. the New FrontierD. the New Freedom UTIL31.The current situation of African-Americans presents ___C____.A. a favorable pictureB. a negative pictureC. a mixed pictureD. a positive picture2. Although discrimination has been legally abolished, ___D_____.A. discrimination in employment still existsB. discrimination in university admission still existsC. poverty rate of the blacks is the highest among all racial and ethnic groupsD. inequality and subtle discrimination still exist3. The Cuban-Americans mainly live in __A____.A. FloridaB. TexasC. LouisianaD. Alabama4. Some people say Asian-Americans owe their success to the Asian tradition of the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. familyB. hard workC. educationD. discrimination5. Now about 80% to 90% of immigration to the United States is from ___A____.A. Asian and Hispanic countriesB. African countriesC. European countriesD. Central and South American countries6. The first immigrants in American history came from ______A____.A. England and the NetherlandsB. IrelandC. West GermanyD. East Europe7. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, the largest group is __B_____.A. the Puerto RicansB. the Mexican-AmericansC. the Cuban-AmericansD. the Central and South American immigrants8. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, ___B_____ have the highest social status.A. the ChicanosB. the Cuban-AmericansC. the Puerto-RicansD. the Latin American immigrants9. The Native Americans are ___A_______.A. the IndiansB. the whitesC. the blacksD. the HispanicsUTIL41. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in ____D____.A. all kinds of casesB. cases involving foreign citizensC. cases involving a stateD. Both B and C2. Political parties are the basis of the American political system, ___D______.A. but there is no provision in the Constitution for political partiesB. and the Constitution has clear provisionC. but the founding fathers had strong apprehension of political partiesD. Both A and C3. The two major parties today have ___C___ differences in policy concentration.A. noB. littleC. someD. great4. The writers of the Constitution worked out the checks and balances in order to __A_____.A. prevent the government from misusing its powerB. prevent the government from being strongC. pacify those who opposed the ConstitutionD. meet the demands of small states5. The President of the United States is elected _D____.A. indirectly by the electorsB. by CongressC. directly by the votersD. None of the above.7. The U.S. President’s appointments have to be approved by ____B____.A. the House of RepresentativesB. the SenateC. the CabinetD. the Supreme Court8. The Supreme Court of the United States consists of one Chief Justice and _C_____ Associate Justices.A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 109. The two major political parties in the United States are __D_____.A. the Democratic Party and the Labor PartyB. the Federalist Party and the Democratic PartyC. the Federalist Party and the Republican PartyD. the Democratic Party and the Republican Party10. The U.S. Congress has the power to override the president’s veto by a _A____ majority.A. 2/3B. 3/4C. 3/5D. 4/5UTIL51. The United States ranks ___A_____ in the world in the total value of its economic production.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth2. The following are the factors that have contributed tothe development of the U.S. economy EXCEPT _____C_____.A. the vast space and resources of the landB. the ideals of freedom and economic opportunityC. English as its national languageD. hard work by the people3. What is America’s most important food crop?----A-----A. Corn.B. Rice.C. Barley.D. Oat.4. Service industries account for more than ___D______ of the U.S. gross domestic product.A. a thirdB. halfC. two thirdsD. three fourth5. The westward expansion is a demonstration ofAmerican __A______.A. individualismB. patriotismC. liberalismD. expansionism6. Hamilton believed that the United States should pursue economic growth through the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. shippingB. manufacturingC. bankingD. slavery7. With the arrival of the 20th century, the United States became increasingly urbanized, particularly in the ____A_____ cities.A. NortheastB. NorthwestC. SoutheastD. Southwest8. The American South is a center of the following traditional crops EXCEPT ___D______.A. tobaccoB. cornC. cottonD. wheat9. As the world’s leading maker of industrial goods, the U.S. now produces around ___B______ of the world’s industrial products.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%10. In the United States, the following areas tend to specialize in high-tech and computer industries EXCEPT ___B_____.A. NortheastB. MidwestC. NorthwestD. SouthwestUTIL61. The American social security system includes the following programs EXCEPT ___C______.A. OASDHIB. MedicareC. MedicaidD. Unemployment Compensation2. Americans may start receiving their pensions at the age of __C_______.A. 55B. 60C. 65D. 703. The main federal welfare programs in the USA consist of the following programs EXCEPT___D______.A. MedicaidB. AFDCC. Food StampsD. Medicare4. Which of the following belongs to the religious welfare organization?----C---A. NCH.B. CWLA.C. CCHD. D. Ford Foundation.5. Among private foundations, which has become increasingly prominent in private charity activity?---D-----A. Rockefeller Foundation.B. Ford Foundation.C. Buffett Foundation.D. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.6. Which of the following statement is NOT true about American health care services?----D----A. A sizable number of Americans still remain uninsured.B. The U.S. has top-quality medical facilities.C. Medicaid covers only about 40 percent of the poor nationwide.D. Compared with other developed countries, the United States spends less on health care.7. According to the healthcare reform proposed during the Obama administration, the government will require most Americans to have health insurance by ___D____.A. 2011B. 2012C. 2013D. 20148. Homes and houses give Americans the following sense EXCEPT ____D____.A. possessionB. material satisfactionC. personal identificationD. freedom UTIL7.1. There are currently ___D_____ district courts in the United States.A. 52B. 54C. 92D. 942. There are currently __B_____ courts of appeals in the United States.A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 133. ___C_______ argues cases for the government before the Supreme Court.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. Solicitor GeneralD. President of the United States4. District judgeships are filled by the President with the consent of ___C______.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. the SenateD. the House of Representatives5. Generally, the trial jury consists of ____B___ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－306. Generally, the grand jury consists of ___C____ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－307. The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and ___B____ associate justicesA. 7B. 8C. 9D. 108. In the United States, people between the ages of __A_____ are the most inclined age group to commit crimes.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－549. In some urban areas in the United States, murder is the main cause of death among non-White males between the ages of ____C____.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－5410. As a rule, the implementation of state law is carried out by the police and detectives in the city, and by __D_____ in rural areas.A. sheriffsB. constablesC. magistratesD. both A and BUTIL81. To many Americans, education is important because _____D________.A. it contributes to the success of individualsB. it contributes to the strengthening of national strengthC. it prepares the young people for future developmentD. Both A and B 2. In the United States, public schools at the elementary and secondary level are _____D_________.A. freeB. compulsoryC. open to allD. Both A and C3. American schools fall into two categories, namely, _____A__________.A. public and private schoolsB. academic and vocational schoolsC. coeducation and single sex schoolsD. national and state-run schools4. In the United States, education policies are made by ______B________.A. the federal governmentB. the state board of educationC. local school districtD. board of trustees5. The governing board of school district is responsible for ______D_________.A. the hiring of teachers and staffB. the designing of a suitable curriculumC. the compiling and approving of budgetD. All of the above6. There is ______B_________ difference(s) in tuition rates between public and private institutions of higher learning in the U.S.A. noB. significantC. someD. not much7. The community college ______B_________.A. offers bachelor degreesB. offers associate degreesC. offers master degreesD. Both A and B8. Elementary and secondary education in the U.S. covers ___C____ years.A. 9B. 11C. 12D. 14。
英语专业国家概况期末复习总结
英语专业国家概况期末复习总结英语国家概况名词解释1. The civil rights movement(1955–1968) refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring suffrage in Southern states.2. A federal systemA federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts with some rights reserved to each.3. King ArthurIt is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends.4. The Anglo-SaxonsThey were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.5. RiverdanceRiverdance is a very popular form of dancing based on I reland’s intricate folk dances which are rearranged and modernized and adapted onto current stage performance. Dancing is traditionally part of Irish culture. It is usually accompanied by the Irish pipe and fiddle. The music usually sounds fast and furious. Most of the action is from the waist down, with the arms held rigidly at the sides.6. The House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of people who vote for them.7. The CommonwealthIt is a voluntary association of states which is made up of Britain and mostly of former British colonies. There are 54 members of the Commonwealth including one currently suspended member: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus; others are developed nations like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network.8. MaoritangaMaoritanga means ―Maori culture‖. It refers to all the elements of the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people in New Zealand, including their language, customs and traditions.9. The “Washminster” form polityThe ―Washminster‖form of polity is adopted by the Australian government. It is a mixture of the US Washington system of government and the British Westminster system. This means that the politicalstructure of the government is based on a Federation of States with a three-tier system of government. However, the chief executive is a Prime Minster, instead of a President as in the US system.10 Martin Luther King, Jr.A black Baptist minister, he was the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the civil rightsmovement of the 1960s. To promote his philosophy of nonviolent protest against segregation and other kinds of social injustice, King organized a series of "marches", including the March on Washington of August 1963, when King delivered his famous "I have a dream" speech. As a civil rights leader, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. He was assassinated in the city of Memphis in April 1968.简答题1. Explain your understanding of how the United States is governed according to its constitution, including its polity and the check and balance mechanism of governing.In the course of the Convention, the delegates designed a new form of government for the United States. He plan for the government was written in very simple language in a document called the Constitution of the United States. The Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government. A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each. The Constitution also called for the election of a national leader, or president. It provided that federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of representatives elected by the people. It also provided for a national court system headed by a Supreme Court. There are three branches of the federal government: legislative branch, executive branch and judicial branch. The legislative Branch is made up of elected representatives from all of the states and is the only branch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes, declare war or put foreign treaties into effect. It consists of a Congress that is divided into two houses: The House of Representatives and The Senate.The chief executive of the United States is the president, who, together with the vice president, is elected to a four-year term. Under a Constitutional Amendment passed in 1951, a president can be elected to only two terms. The power of the presidency are formidable, but not without limitations. And the president has the authority to appoint federal judges as vacancies occur, including members of the Supreme Court. Under the Constitution, the president is primarily responsible for foreign relations with other nations.The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which is the only court specifically created by the Constitution. Federal judges are appointed for life or voluntary retirement, and can only be removed from office through the process of impeachment and trail in the Congress. The Supreme Court today consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices.When Americans talk about their three-part national government, they often refer to what they call its system of "checks and balances". This system works in many ways to keep serious mistakes from being made byone branch or another. But sometimes they do not work the way as they are supposed to work. Here are a example of checks and balances:If Congress proposes a law that the president thinks is unwise, the president can veto it. And the Senate must approve all treaties and confirm all appointments before they become official. In this way the Congress can prevent the president from making unwise appointments.2. How do you understand the saying:” British history has been a history of invasion.”?British history has been a history of invasions. Before the 1stcentury AD Britain was made up of tribal kingdoms of Celtic people. They brought the central European culture to Britain. Then in 43AD, Roman Empire invaded Britain and controlled it for slave society but also disseminated their Catholicism.However, in the 5th century, the Roman Empire rapidly waned in power and Britain was conquered by the Angles and the Saxons. In order to defend the Saxons, a great leader—King Arthur appeared. He created the "round table" to satisfy all the knights' requirement of having equal precedence. Thus it gradually formed the monarchy in Britain as a more democratic system. Whether Arthur's a real person in the history or not, Anglo-Saxons did succeed in invading Britain and they were the forefathers of the English.In the 8th century, the Vikings from Denmark controlled the northern and eastern England. A Anglo-Saxon hero, king Alfred the Great fought against the Vikings with the truly English. And that's why there's a certain cultural difference between northerners and southerners in England. Later, the Normans from northern France, under the leading of William of Normandy, killed the king and William became the First of England. They imported a ruling class that French-speaking Norman aristocracy ruled Saxon and English-speaking population. In this condition, there weren't a lot of rebellions among the English people. That directly formed an English unique character: a richly unconventional interior life hidden by an external conformity. Even today, we can still find this personality from the British people through their lifestyles.In fact, such invasion is a peaceful history of joining together the various parts of the British Isles and the power gradually transferred from the monarch to the parliament. So theconstitutional monarchy has been established in Britain.3. Which foreign festival do you like best and why?Among all those foreign festivals, Christmas is my favorite. and I believe it's also the biggest and best loved holiday in many western countries.There are plenty of reasons for me to love Christmas. In western countries, schools close for the holiday period, as do shops and offices, so people can spend time at home with their families. While Christmas has aChristian meaning--it commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ--celebrations of the Winter Solstice have taken place since ancient times and some "Christian" traditions such as decorating the house with evergreen plants like holly and ivy, or kissing under a twig of mistletoe, are actually Celtic or pagan traditions. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.There are three Christmas traditions which are particularly funny.One is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play. The "panto " is usually based on a version of a traditional children's story like Cinderella, written to include songs and jokes which can be enjoyed by adults and children. The main man character--the "principal boy"--is played by a young woman. In the days when women wore long skirts, it was considered rather naughty to see a woman appear in an outfit which revealed the shape of her legs. The main female character is a middle-aged, often ugly woman called "the Dame." The Dame is played by a man, often a famous actor or sportsman. When he appears in heavy make up, skirtsand woman's shoes, it is considered very humorous. The audience is encouraged to cheer the hero on and boo when the villain appears.Another Christmas tradition in British is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the television and radio. The British Queen is also the Queen of other nations, like Canada and Australia, and so her message is broadcast to her millions of subjects throughout the world. She usually talks about the year that has passed and expresses her hopes for the future.The third funny tradition, which is also celebrated in countries with British heritages, is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christmas. Traditionally, it was on Boxing Day that people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants. Now that most British people do not have servants, this custom is no longer observed and most people cannot even tell you what one is supposed to do on Boxing Day. Some think it involves the sport of boxing and others think it has something to do with the Boxer uprising in China. However, a new Boxing Day custom has emerged, in the cities at least: shopping. Shops open up to sell off all their Christmas stock decorations, food, cards and gift items at low prices. But for most people, however, Boxing Day is a day for visiting, eating and relaxing.。
英美概况英国期末考试复习资料
英美概况英国期末考试复习资料I国家概述1,The Union Jackred cross: Englandwhite saltire: Scotlandred saltire: Northern Ireland2,This is the Welsh flag (Welsh Dragon). It is not represented in the UK Flag becauseWales was ruled directly from London.(before the 1st version of UK flag, Wales had already been conquered and considered to be part of England) 3,Motto of the UKGod and my right. (English)天有上帝,我有权利。
II climate1,Does Britain have a favorable climate？Why？Because a maritime type of climate—winters are mild, not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot;It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year;It has a small range of temperature & lack of extremes.2,What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain？The surrounding waters balance the seasonal differences;Britain is mainly influenced by the prevailing south-west winds across theAtlantic, which bring warm and wet air in winter and keep the temperature moderate;The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.III History of BritainEarly Settlers (5000BC-55BC)1, How about their civilization? (What did they bring with them?)a) The art of pottery makingb) The ability to fashion (ornament with patterns) bronzetoolsc) The custom of individual buriald) The hill forts (堡垒) and small fortified towns (筑堡城镇).The Maiden Castle is one of the finest examples.2, What was their religion?Druidism（德鲁伊德教），the Druids—the wise men,astrologers, soothsayersIV Transition to Modern Age (1455-1688)1,What happened during the 17th century?During the 17th century Puritanism became a political movement: the parliamentarians who fought Charles I and took power under Cromwell were Puritans, and the struggle between the king and parliament is also known as the Puritan Revolution. 2,What else were the Puritans called?After the Restoration of 1660 the Puritans left the Church, and from then on were known as Dissenters or Nonconformists. 3．The consequences of the Civil Wars(1) the English Civil Wars not only overthrew feudal system in England but also shook the foundation of feudal rule in Europe.(2) It is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.(3) The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution, as the King’s opponents were mainly Puritan.4,How did the “Glorious Revolution”break out?A. James II’s revival of Catholicism in Englanda. When Charles II died, his brother succeeded, becoming James II.b. James, who was brought up in exile in Europe, was aCatholic.c. He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious views.B. Intolerance of Catholic and dethrone of the Kinga. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic as king in 1688 than 40 years ago.b. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king.C. Co-monarchsa. William of Orange（奥兰治王室）, James’s Dutch nephew and husband of Mary, James’s daughter, was invited to invade and take the English throne.b. William and Mary were invited for joint rule, and they jointly accepted the Bill of Rights.D. the takeover with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the King, therefore became known as the Glorious Revolution. 5,The Bill of Rights 《权⼒法案》In 1689, William and Mary accepted the Bill of Rights to be crowned jointly.(1) The bill excluded any Roman Catholic from the succession(2) confirmed the principle of parliamentary supremacy(3) and guaranteed free speech within both the two Houses.(4) Thus the age of constitutional monarchy began.V.Judiciary(Headed by Lord Chancellor)VI Economy1,Economic declinetwo World Wars—great economic lossthe era of the British Empire was over—decolonization (losses of raw material & market)military expense (until the process of decolonization completed in the 1960s)2,Current British Economythe world's fifth largest economy(after US, Japan, Germany and China)The UK's people are the world's twelfth richest Sterling—performed relatively well against major currencies in recent years 五，福利六，宗教1，Who is the founder of Christianity?Jesus Christ, who was crucified around A.D. 30 in Jerusalem, is the founder of Christianity.2，Who is Jesus Christ?Jesus Christ is the Son of God. He came to earth to teachabout love and fellowship. He represents the person that all Christians must strive to be.Jesus was a Jew who was born about 2000 years ago in Bethlehem(1.伯利恒(耶路撒泠南⽅六英⾥⼀市镇,耶稣诞⽣地)). Jesus lived for 33 years before being crucified by the Romans. 3,What other names is Jesus known by?Son of GodLight of the WorldLamb of GodThe Good Shepherd.4,What do Christians believe?Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the Son of God and that:God sent his Son to earth to save humanity from the consequences of its sinsJesus was fully human, and experienced this world in the same way as other human beings of his timeJesus was tortured and gave his life on the Cross (At the Crucifixion)Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after his Crucifixion (the Resurrection)Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah promised in theOld TestamentChristians believe that there is only one God, but that this one God consists of 3 "persons"七，教育，假期1，Christmas→the biggest and the most popular British holiday celebrated on December 25th.→to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ.→People usually decorate homes with evergreen plants, Christmas trees and ornaments.→They exchange gifts and Christmas cards.⼋，⽣活1，Holidays and Festivals in Britainthe Christmas 'pantomimeBoxing Dayto hear the Queen give her Christmas message九，政治1，What's the role of the Queen or King?The head of everything but ruler of nothing.head of the statean integral part of the legislaturehead of the executivehead of the judiciarythe commander-in-chief of all armed forces of the Crownthe ‘supreme Governor’of the Church of England.2，The importance of the monarchy:Is found in its effect on public attitudeIs used to represent the continuity and adaptability of the whole political systemIs used as a symbol of the unity of the whole country, an acceptable bound among the peoples who retain many regional and cultural differences.People are convinced that the Queen has no bias towards any nation and exists to help preserve the people's rights, the right to personal property and the right not to be imprisoned without a trial.It is primarily to symbolize the tradition and unity of the British state.3 .What's your idea about UK keeping the monarch?A.Theoretically, the King or Queen is the source of all government powers. He/She is the head of the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all armed forces.B,In reality, the King or Queen does everything on the advice of the Prime Minister, and his/her role is symbolic, ceremonial, and not political.C,The monarch is the personal embodiment of the British government and a symbol of British unity, representing the continuity of the whole political system. So the stability of the D,British government owes much to the monarchy.E,The monarch can meet the PM on weekly basis at Buckingham Palace, give the Royal Assent to any new law that has been passed by Parliament, act as a final check on a government that is becoming dictatorial.F，As a figurehead to represent the country, the monarch can perform the following ceremonial duties:paying state visits to Commonwealthcountries as head of state and non-Commonwealth countries on behalf of theBritish government, etc.⼗，议会1，What are the main functions of Parliament?to pass lawsto provide, by voting for taxation, the means of carrying on the work of governmentto scrutinise government policy and administration, including proposals for expenditureto debate the major issues of the day2，the House of Lords: the upper house上议院the Lords Spiritual (the senior bishops of the Church of England 神职议员)the Lords Temporal (members of the Peerage ⾮神职议员)the members are not elected by the population at large but are appointed by past or current governments.3，the House of Commons: the lower house下议院a democratically elected chamber with elections held at least every 5 yearsMPs comes from 646 constituencies of roughly equal population.4,What Goes on in the House of Commons?Many hours are spent debating issues of national and international importance.Most often a motion is proposed by one or two of theGovernment’s front benchers and then the same number of persons from the Opposition front benches oppose it.The Speaker decides who is allowed to speak and he/she must ensure that each side is given equal opportunity and time to speak.After the debate the MPs vote for or against the motion. MPs vote by going into ‘lobbies’, one for ‘yes’and one for ‘no’votes where they are counted.After the votes are counted the results are announced in the chamber.⼗⼀政体1，2，The Political Parties(1) the Conservative party(2) the Labour party(3) the Liberal Democrats3，The Prime Ministeris appointed by the Queen.is the leader of his party in the House of Commonsis the head of governmenthas the right to select his cabinet, hand out departmental positions, decide the agenda for cabinet meetings which he also chairs.can dismiss ministers if this is requiredkeeps the Queen informed of government decisionshe exercises wide powers of appointments in the civil service, church and judiciary .4,What is the Cabinet?The collective decision-making (executive) body, composed of the Prime Minister and the most senior of the government ministersThe most senior members of the Cabinet are:PM, Deputy PM, Foreign Secretary, Chancellor of the Exchequer and Home Secretary. All Cabinet members are serving MP's or peers.Oppositions have a ‘Shadow Cabinet’.。
《英语国家概况》期末复习题(含答案)
英语国家概况》期末复习题（含答案）（第I卷客观题共45 分）I.选择题（共30 分; 每题 1 分）U.K.1. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on ___ . DA. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude2. The policies of the Conservative Party in Great Britain are characterized by pragmatism and .DA. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism3. Oxford University is the oldest university in the English-speaking world.4. Cabinet members are chosen by __ in Britain. BA. the monarchB. the Prime MinisterC. the ArchbishopD. the Lord Chancellor5. English belongs to the Germanic group of Indo-European family of languages.6. The Severn River is the longest river in Britain.7. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except ___ . AA. Trooping the ColorB. Queen 's Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime8. Among Britain q'uasl ity press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “BigT hree withthe exception of TheObserver.9. In 2012, Britain had a population of about 63 million.10. The two main islands of the British Isles are Great Britain and Ireland.11. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher once said that, “ Britain and the USnittaetde s willstand side by side ”.12. The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it __ . AA. set up the National Health ServicesB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economic development13. Margaret Thatcher go'v s ernment introduced the biggest changes in British economic policysince World War II.14. Charles Dickens is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19 th century.15. The three principle features of the climate of Britain are the following EXCEPT ___ . CA. the frequent fog in winterB. the large number of rainy daysC. extreme coldness even in summerD. changeability all the year round16. Samuel Johnson 'dsic tionary was influential in establishing a standard form of spelling inEnglish.17. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of Latin and Greek wordsto English.18. _ was not among the four self-governing dominions in the British Empire. CA. AustraliaB. CanadaC. IndiaD. the Union of South Africa19. Of the following sectors in Britain, service industry has experienced spectacular growthC. RepresentativeD. Senatorsince the end of World War II.20. Cambridge has more Nobel Prize winners than any other institution in Britain. 21. Writers of _____ literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than withreason and intellect. C A. Renaissance B. Neo-ClassicalC. RomanticD. Victorian22. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of ___ . CA. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster23. Tourists from all over the world come to enjoy the beauty of Scottish scenery, to drink Scotchwhisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts .24. The ___ marked the establishment of feudalism in England. C A. Viking invasion B. signing of the Magna Carta C. Norman ConquestD. adoption of common law25. Commonwealth Day is an annual event celebrated on the second Monday in March each year. 26. Such big cities as Glasgow, Manchester, Sheffield and Newcastle are famous for the __ .DA. oil industryB. car industryC. shipping companiesD. coalfields27. During the 15 th and 16 th centuries an intellectual movement known as ____ swept Europe.___ was the greatest playwright of the world produced in this period in England. D A. Romance, Geoffrey Chaucer B. Christianity, George Bernard Shaw C. Italian literary influence, SonnetD. Renaissance, Shakespeare28. Aestheticism is the belief that artists have no obligation other than to strive for beauty--- “art forart 's sake ”. The most important representative of Aestheticism is _________ . B A. Thomas Hardy B. Oscar Wilde D. William Butler Yeats29. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII 'effso rt todivorce his wife .U.S.31. The U.S. lies in central North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlanticto its east and the Pacific to its west .32. “No taxation without representation w ”as the rallying slogan before the War of Independence . 33. The Constitution of the United States tries to give each branch enough power to balance theothers .34. The following except the right to get into people 's house a b re y g p u o a li r c a e nteed inthe Billof Rights.35. Of the following persons, the ____ can NOT make legislative proposal in the U.S. A A. Secretary of StateC. Virginia Woolf30. ___ is viewed as Romantic poetry A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud C. “ Preface to Lyrical Ballads 's “ Declaration ofIndepCendence ” B. Don Juan D. Prometheus UnboundB. President36. Of the following subjects, politics and business education are NOT offered to elementary school students inthe U.S.37. Abraham Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation to grant freedom to all the slaves in the U.S.38. The terms for a Senator and a Representative in the U.S. are six and two years respectively.39. The National Day of the United States falls on July 4th.40. Washington Irving is regarded as “the father of American literature ”.41. Higher education in the United States began with the founding of Harvard University.42. The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in Lexington.43. The symbol of the Democratic Party is a/an donkey, and a/an elephant represents the Republican Party.44. The eastern part of the United States consists of the highlands formed by the AppalachianRange and the western part consists of high plateaus and the Rocky Mountains.45. Alaska is the largest state in the whole United States and Texas is the largest state in the part of the U.S. thatis on the mainland.46. In the United States, the Bill of Rights guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights andfreedoms.47. The modern American economy progressed from ___ to ___ , and eventually, to ___ . BA. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyC. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy48. The Supreme Court in the United States is composed of nine justices.49. The characteristic of dominant American culture is ___ . BA. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classB. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classD. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-class50. The following inventions took place during the “ secondi ndustrial revolution e”xc ept refrigerator.51. Of the following, __ is NOT a characteristic of Mark Twain 'Cs works.A. a realistic viewB. a sense of humorC. an idealistic viewD. colloquial speech52. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at Jamestown in Virginia.53. America produces a major p ortion of the world 's products in the following fields e o x il c. ept54. F. Scott Fitzgerald 's finest novel is _____ , and its theme is about D _ .A. Tales of the Jazz Age, the loss of oneselfB. TenderistheNight , loveC. TheBeautifulandtheDamned , the evil of human natureD. TheGreatGatsby, the American Dream55. Of the following books, ___ is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway. CA. A Farewell to ArmsB. ForWhomtheBellTollsC. TheSoundandtheFuryD. The Sun Also Rises56. The policy of the United States was __ at the beginning of the two world wars. CA. appeasementB. full involvementC. neutralityD. partial involvement 57. The first people on the American continent came from ___ as early as ___ thousand yearsago. C A. Asia, 2 B. Europe, 2 C. Asia, 20 D. Europe, 2058. The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of ___ . A A. Alexander Hamilton B. Andrew Jackson C. George Washington D. Thomas Jefferson59. Of the following universities, Massachusetts Institute of Technology has NOT cultivated any American Presidents yet. 60. Of the following writers, ___ is NOT a Nobel Prize winner. A A. Alice Walker B. Ernest Hemingway C. Eugene O ' Neil D. William Faulkner 61. The following except ___ are all powers of the U.S. President. B A. appointing federal judges when vacancies occur B. making lawsC. issuing executive ordersD. vetoing any bills passed by Congress62. Since 1959, the United States has been a country of 50 states.63. Chicago is the third largest city in the United States. It serves as the main connection between the easterncoast cities and the West.64. The distribution of the population in the U.S. is rather uneven. The most densely populatedAB. southeastern D. northwesternto tackle the economic depression in the 1930s B. new dealD. “ Great Society ” policyAustralia66. As an ideal place for investments, Australia' s foreign capital mainl J y a c p o a m n e a s n f d ro mthe United States .th67. January 26th, 1788 is the date celebrated as Australia Day. 68. _ is/are mainly responsible for education in Australia. B69. The first time that Australia developed a foreign policy independent of Britain was ___ . D A. after the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia B. after World War IIC. during the Great Depression of the 1930sD. during the Pacific War in World War II70. Australia ' s economy depends largely on ______ . C A. agriculture B. manufacturing C. foreign tradeD. tourism71. The Howard government 'fosr eign policy was based on relations with four key countries, namely in Australia.BA. the U.S., Japan, Britain, ChinaB. the U.S., Japan, China, IndonesiaC. the U.S., Japan, Britain, IndonesiaD. the U.S., Britain, China, Indonesia 72. Australian system of teaching and school discipline put emphasis on the following exceptregion is the ___ part of the country. A. northeastern C. southwestern 65. President Roosevelt, in his attemptintroduced his famous ___ . B A. neutrality policy C. new monetarist policiesA. Federal government C. Territory assembliesB. State governments D. Municipal government__ . CA. learning by discovery and questioningB. self-disciplineC. outward disciplineD. encouraging student ' s interest in learning73. Canberra is Australia 's capital.74. In 2013, the population of Australia was about ___ million. AA. 22.9B. 33.9C. 40.9D. 5075. _ is renowned for its unique plant and animal species. It is estimated that there arearound 20,000 to 25,000 different plants native to the land. AA. AustraliaB. CanadaC. The United KingdomD. The United States76. Most anthropologists believe that the Aborigines in Australia migrated from ________ at least50,000 years ago. CA. east AsiaB. south AsiaC. southeast AsiaD. North Asia77. The Commonwealth of Australia was established in ___ . DA. 1847B. 1885C. 1900D. 190178. Australia is a leading supplier of ___ to international markets. DA. agricultural productsB. hi-tech productsC. industrial productsD. mineral resourcesCanada79. The Governor General holds the highest position in the Canadian parliamentary system.80. The ___ is the largest political party in Canada. AA. Liberal PartyB. Conservative PartyC. Canadian Labor CongressD. New Democratic Party Canada is the second largest country in the world.81. Toronto is the largest city in Canada and Ottawa is the capital city.82. _ recognized Quebec as a “ distinct soAciety ” .A. The Meech Lake AccordB. The Quebec ActC. The Constitutional ActD. The British North America Act83. The influence of __ has declined gradually in Parliament in today D ' s Canada.A. the Conservative PartyB. the Canadian Labor CongressC. the Cooperative Commonwealth FederationD. the New Democratic Party84. Kim Campbell was Canada ' s first woman Prime Minister.85. In Canada, the largest religious denomination is the Roman Catholic Church.86. If applicants meet the basic requirements for an immigrant to Canada, they need to do the following except .AA. applying for citizenshipB. taking a medical examC. paying an application feeD. paying a landing fee87. The Great Lakes on the border between Canada and the U.S. are the largest group of freshwater lakes in theworld.88. The name “ Canada ” is said to have derived from the Huron word“ Kanata ”, meaningC A. ocean B. north C. villageD. ice89. In 1497, the voyage led by an Italian captain discovered the eastern shores of Canada, which was claimed as Newfoundland .90. In the early ____ , both Britain and France founded permanent settlements in Canada. C A. 1400sC. 1600s91. After the famous Seven Yearsunder ____ control. B A. Britain, FrenchC. Spain, IndianB. 1500sD. 1700s' War, ____ lost all of its colonies, and the whole Canada cameB. France, British D. India, Spanish92. With the passage of the Statute of Westminster in 1931, Canada was recognized as an equalpartner of Britain.II. 读图题 （共 5分; 每题 1 分）III. 判断题 （共 10 分; 每题 1 分） U.K.1.The British history before 55 BC is basically undocumented. T2. The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons. T3. London is one of the three principal financial centers of the world. T4. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. F5. The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain. T6. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen Elizabeth I actually defended thefruit of the Religious Reformation. T7. The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. T 8. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history. F 9.In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers. F10. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economicdevelopment in Britain.F11. Hamlet depicts the hero ' s struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need toavenge his father ' s muTrder.12. The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period. T13. Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer Iliad . T ' s14. Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy. T15. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height in Britishliterature. FU.S.16. Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November. F17. San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyland arelocated there. F18. Walt Whitman introduced great innovations to American literature, and he devised a poetic style, free verse. T19. The United States is the fifth most populous nation in the world, ranking behind China, India, Brazil and SouthAfrica. F20. During Clinton 'tesrm , the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment. T21. According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for theterrorist event on September 11, 2001. F22. The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade. F23. In the United States, certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress. T24. New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States, and it is also one of the three principaleconomic centers in the world. T25. The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation. T26. The U.S. congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the Houseof Commons and the House of Lords. F27. The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the U.S. continental territory. F28. President Roosevelt ' s New Deal had little effect in dealinigth w the economic crisis in theearly 1930s. F29. Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin are two sources of American literary spirit. T30. The Democratic Party of the U.S. is conservative in terms of its ideology. F Australia31. The Australian Constitution can be changed either by government ' s will or by referendum.F32. Australia Day is on January 26th. T33. Since Australia has a vast cultivable area, it has become the world 'lesa ding exporter of agricultural products.F34. In World War I, all members of the Australian armed forces who served overseas were volunteers. T35. For Australian citizens over the age of 16, it is compulsory to vote at election time. FCanada36. Canada is the third largest country in the world in terms of territory. F37. Multilingualism and multiculturalism are characteristics of Canadian culture. T38. Laval University is the largest institution in Canada, while University of Toronto is the oldest one. F39. Quebec separated from Canada and established a French-speaking nation in the 1960s. F40. The Canadian government is responsible to the King or Queen of Britain. F1. D2. B3. A4. C5. E6. FGroup Three:British Literary PeriodsA. The Modern PeriodB. The Victorian PeriodC. The RenaissanceD. The Middle English PeriodE. The Romantic PeriodF. The Neo-Classical Period1. D2. C3. F4. E5. B6. A )II. 配对题（共20分; 每题 2 分）试卷上会出 2 组，每组 5 题。
《英语国家概况》期末复习资料
UKUTIL11. The British Isles are made up of ______C_.A. three large islands and hundreds of small onesB. three large islands and dozens of small onesC. two large islands and hundreds of small onesD. two large islands and dozens of small ones2. Which of the following is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain?----C----A. England.B. Scotland.C. Northern Ireland.D. Wales.3. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the __B_____ and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north4. The Republic of Ireland was totally independent in the year __D_____.A. 1920B. 1945C. 1918D. 19495. The highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis, lies in __A____.A. the HighlandsB. the Southern UplandsC. the Central LowlandsD. the Lake District6. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in ___B_______.A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19507. The mountain system the Pennines is often called the backbone of __A_____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Great BritainD. Ireland8. The regional capital of Northern Ireland is ____D___.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. Belfast9. Which of the following statements about the climate in Britain is NOT true?-----B-------A. Britain’s climate is of the maritime type.B. Winters in Britain are extremely cold.C. Summers in Britain are cool.D. Britain is warmer than Harbin in winter.UTIL21. The English people and the English language were born from the union of _____D___.A. the Angles and the SaxonsB. Romans and the Norman FrenchC. Danes or Vikings and the Norman FrenchD. Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons2. The first known settlers of Britain were __A_____.A. the IberiansB. the Beaker FolkC. the CeltsD. the Romans3. About 80,000 Scots speak Gaelic which is an ancient ___D______.A. Scottish languageB. English languageC. Irish languageD. Celtic language4. About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War II. They are mainly from the West Indies, India and ___D_______.A. IndonesiaB. SingaporeC. Hong KongD. Pakistan5. In Britain _______ of the population is urban and __A_____ is rural.A. 90% ; 10%B. 80% ; 20%C. 70% ; 30%D. 60% ; 40%6. The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient ___A_______.A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Britons7. The average population density in Britain is ___A___ people per square kilometer.A. 250B. 370C. 800D. 5008. During the 5th century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic ____D_____ invaded and conquered Britain.A. Angles and CeltsB. Angles and PictsC. Angles and BrythonsD. Angles and Saxons9. The upper class in Britain consists of the following except ___D______.A. peerageB. gentryC. landownersD. professionals10. “Britishness”can be reflected in the following except __D_______.A. Union JackB. conservativenessC. the BeatlesD. Thanksgiving DayUTIL31. In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against William’s army on Senlac field near ___D_____.A. LondonB. NormandyC. StandfordD. Hastings2. The Plantagenet Dynasty was founded by ___B______.A. HenryB. Henry IIC. King JosephD. Count of Anjor3. English Reformation was carried out by __B_____ to change the religion in England from Catholicism to Protestantism.A. Edward VIB. Henry VIIIC.Mary ID. Elizabeth I4. King John was forced by the barons to sign the ___D____ which restricted the King’s power.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter5. Simon de Montfort’s reform is considered to be the beginning of English _A______.A. parliamentB. cabinetC. constitutionD. liberty6. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as ___A____.A. Lord ProtectorB. Lieutenant GeneralC. Commander of the New Model ArmyD. President7. William of Orange started Constitutional Monarchy by accepting __A_____ in 1689.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter8. The 1851 London Great Exposition was held in the Crystal Palace which was designed by Queen ____C___’s husband Albert.A. MaryB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Anne9. The British Prime Minister who led the British to defeat Nazi Germany is ___A____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. MacDonaldD. Macmillan UTIL41. The British constitution is made up of the following EXCEPT ____A_______.A. Commonwealth lawB. statute lawC. common lawD. ancient documents2. The House of Commons is elected by universal suffrage and has about ___A________ Members of Parliament.A. 650B. 660C. 670D. 6803. British Conservative Party was formerly called __B_____ Party in the 18th century.A. WhigB. ToryC. LiberalD. Nationalist4. The United Kingdom is governed in the name of ____D_______, by ___________.A. the King; the Prime MinisterB. the Queen; the Prime MinisterC. the Prime Minister; His or Her Majesty’s GovernmentD. the Sovereign; His or Her Majesty’s Government5. ___A_____ is the “supreme governor”of the Church of England.A. The monarchB. The Archbishop of YorkC. The Archbishop of CanterburyD. The Roman Pope6. In Britain the citizens aged ____B________ or over have the right to vote.A. 16B. 18C. 21D. 307. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______A______ by the Sovereign inthe United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House8. The Liberal Democratic Party is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and ______C_______.A. the Conservative PartyB. the Labour PartyC. the Liberal PartyD. the Green Party9. Parliament has the following functions EXCEPT ___C_________.A. making lawB. authorizing taxation and public expenditureC. declaring warD. examining the actions of the governmentUTIL51. All criminal trials are held in open court because the criminal law presumes the __C_____ of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.A. guiltB. impartialityC. InnocenceD. honesty2. In England, Wales, and Northern Island, people between the age of ___A______ and 70 whose names appear on the electoral register are liable for jury service and their names are chosen at random.A. 18B. 19C. 20D. 213. The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 in England, Wales and Northern Island, and ___D________ in Scotland.A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 154. Whether the accused is guilty or innocent is decided by ___B______.A. the policemenB. the juryC. the judgeD. the sheriff5. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the Scotland is ___A______.A. the Supreme Court of the United KingdomB. the Court of AppealC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the House of Lords6. In England and Wales the highest judicial appointments are made by the Queen on the advice of __C______.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Home SecretaryC. the Prime MinisterD. the Attorney General7. Criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be tried in ___C_________.A. the Magistrates’CourtB. the Court of AppealC. the High CourtD. the Crown Court8. The three “lay”magistrates that make up a Magistrates’Court in Britain are known as ___A______.A. Justices of the PeaceB. stipendiary magistratesC. Justices of LawD. part-time magistrates9. The most serious criminal offences in Scotland are tried in _____C_____.A. the District CourtB. the Sheriff CourtC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the Crown Court UTIL61. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of __B_____.A. Adam SmithB. John Maynard KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx2. Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experienced __B____.A. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression3. Which of the following is NOT true of Britain’s agriculture?-----D-------A. British farming is highly mechanized.B. Agriculture in Britain is intensive.C. British farming is very efficient.D. Britain’s agriculture can produce enough food for its people.4. In Britain less than ___A_____ of the population are farmers.A. 2%B. 4%C. 6%D. 10%5. In the ___C___ Britain became a net exporter of oil.A. 1960sB. 1970sC. 1980sD. 1990s6. To stimulate economic recovery, the Thatcher Government carried out all the following policies but __B____.A. privatizationB. interventionismC. deregulationD. market liberalization7. Britain is the _D___ largest trading nation in the world.A. thirdB. fourthC. fifthD. sixth8. British oil fields were discovered on the __D_____.A. English ChannelB. Irish SeaC. Norwegian SeaD. North Sea9. Which of the following is not included in the new industries in Britain?-----D----A. Microprocessors.B. Computers.C. Biotechnology.D. Motor vehicles. UTIL71. The National Health Service (NHS) was established in the United Kingdom in ___C______.A. 1946B. 1947C. 1948D. 19492.____B____ is directly responsible for the NHS.A. Local governmentB. Central governmentC. V oluntary organizationsD. Certain social boards3. In Britain, children up to the age of ____D__ can receive family allowances for children.A. 11B. 12C. 15D. 164. In Britain, pensions for the elderly, or retirement benefits, begin for women at the age of ___C_____.A. 50B. 55C. 60D. 655. In England the NHS is managed by the __B______.A. Department for Work and PensionsB. Department of HealthC. Social Security AgencyD. Social Services Department6. The National Health Service in Britain provides a full range of medical services for __C_____.A. employeesB. residents aged between 18-60C. every residentD. residents aged over 607. Social Security in the UK is the government’s most expensive program, costing __C___ of public funding.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%8. A family doctor in Britain is also known as a __C____.A. general doctorB. general pharmacistC. general practitionerD. family practitioner9. In 2001 people in marriage accounted for __B_____ of the adult population in Britain.A. 60%B. 55%C. 50%D. 45%10. Houses have traditionally been divided into following types EXCEPT __D____.A. detached houseB. semi-detached houseC. terraced houseD. attached house UTIL81.____B____ is the largest of the Free Churches.A. The BaptistsB. The Methodist ChurchC. The Roman Catholic ChurchD. The Church in Wales2. Established Churches in Britain are _____D______.A. Church of England and Church of WalesB. Church of Wales and Church of ScotlandC. the Anglican ChurchesD. Church of England and Church of Scotland3. The Free Churches do NOT include ___A______.A. the Church of EnglandB. the Methodist ChurchC. the Baptist ChurchD. the United Reformed Church4. The principal non-Christian communities in Britain are ___D____.A. the MoslemsB. the BuddhistsC. the HindusD. the Jews5. The Church of Scotland is a ___C_____ church.A. MethodistB. BaptistC. PresbyterianD. Catholic6. In Great Britain, the ____A_______ is uniquely related to the Crown.A. Church of EnglandB. Church of ScotlandC. Church of IrelandD. Church of Wales7. The members of ____D___ in Britain have also been known as dissenters or nonconformists.A. the Anglican ChurchB. the Church of EnglandC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Free Churches8. The Church of England has two provinces. They are ___A_____.A. Canterbury and YorkB. London and YorkC. Durham and CanterburyD. London and Winchester UTIL91. There are some __C_____ universities in Britain, including the Open University.A. 70B. 80C. 90D. 1002. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the _____A________ centuries.A. 12th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16th3. The usual age for transfer from primary to secondary schools is ____D_________ in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.A. 14B. 13C. 12D. 114. In Britain, private schools are often called ___D___.A. comprehensive schoolsB. grammar schoolsC. secondary modern schoolsD. independent schools5. In Britain, higher education is usually defined as advanced courses of a standard higher than ____B____ or equivalent.A. GCE O-LevelB. GCE A-LevelC. GCE AS-LevelD. GCSE6. In Britain, education at primary levels emphasizes the following EXCEPT ____D________.A. readingB. writingC. arithmeticD. science7. The following universities belong to “red-brick”universities EXCEPT ____D_____.A. University of LeedsB. University of LiverpoolC. University of ManchesterD. University of Glasgow8. The leading scientific society in Britain is ___D_____.A. the British Association for the Advancement of ScienceB. the Royal InstitutionC. the British AcademyD. the Royal SocietyUTIL101. The largest and the most important museum in Britain is _____A_______.A. the British MuseumB. the Victoria and Albert MuseumC. the Imperial War MuseumD. the National Gallery2. Britain’s most popular pastime is ____B________.A. reading newspaperB. watching TVC. playing footballD. horse racing3. The Times is a _____A_______ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. quality SundayD. mid-market daily4. The Daily Mirror is a ____B_____ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. popular SundayD. mid-market daily5. Football has its traditional home in ___A________.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. FranceD. Italy6. ______C_______ is the most typical English sports.A. FootballB. RugbyC. CricketD. Horse racing7. Of the following four sports, _____A________ has the longest history.A. cricketB. golfC. footballD. rugby8. The Beatles was a band formed by four boys from ____B_____.A. ManchesterB. LiverpoolC. LondonD. EdinburghUSAUTIL11. The United States of America is the ____D________ country in the world in size.A. largestB. second-largestC. third-largestD. fourth-largest2. ____B________ extend from the northern tip of Maine southwestern to Alabama.A. The Rocky MountainsB. The Appalachian HighlandsC. The Coast MountainsD. The Blue Mountains3. The climate of the United States is influenced by ____D________.A. the Atlantic and Pacific OceansB. the Gulf of MexicoC. the Great LakesD. All of the above4. What is the leading commercial crop of the south?-----B-----A. Cotton.B. Tobacco.C. Sugar cane.D. Rice.5. What Midwestern city is the automobile capital of the world?---B-----A. Chicago.B. Detroit.C. Milwaukee.D. Cleveland.6. One of the most important lakes in the United States is __A_______, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake MichiganC. Lake HuronD. Lake Ontario7. New England lies in ___C_______ of the United States.A. the northern partB. the southern partC. the northeastern partD. the southeastern part8. The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a ____D_______ climate.A. subtropicalB. continental desertC. maritimeD. Mediterranean9. The smallest state in the United States is ____B_______.A. WashingtonB. Rhode IslandC. HawaiiD. Maryland10. In the United States, the largest city along the Pacific coast is ____A_______.A. Los AngelesB. San FranciscoC. SeattleD. PortlandUTIL21. The British established 13 colonies along __C_______.A. the west coast of North AmericaB. the west coast of South AmericaC. the east coast of North AmericaD. the east coast of South America2. In the early 1850s, with the westward movement, the slavery became a serious political issue endangering the unity of the country because ___A______.A. whether or not slavery would expand into the future states formed as a result of the westward movement would affect the balance of power in the SenateB. the South insisted that slavery should be allowed to spread into all new territoriesC. the North refused to let slavery spread into new territoriesD. the North wanted to put an end to slavery3. The Progressive Movement wanted to ___A_____ in order to stop big business control.A. initiate strict government regulationB. have the government fix pricesC. break up all the big businessesD. do away with rebates4. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of _____D_______ .A. cultural revivalB. loss of purposeC. development in science and technologyD. material success and spiritual frustration5. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and 1930s was first brought about by _____D________.A. bank failuresB. serious unemploymentC. farm foreclosuresD. the stock market crash6. The purpose of the New Deal measures was to ___A_______.A. save American democracy and the capitalist systemB. check the worsening of the economic situationC. help people tide over the difficultyD. increase American export7. On June 5, 1947, ___A_____ suggested that the U.S. should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion.A. George MarshallB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. George KennanD. Harry Truman8. At the time of Cuban Missile Crisis, the President of the U.S. was _____C_______.A. TrumanB. EisenhowerC. KennedyD. Johnson9. New Frontier and Great Society were programs initiated by __C_____.A. President KennedyB. President JohnsonC. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson respectivelyD. Presidents Johnson and Kennedy respectively10. The conservatism during Reagan’s administration was known as _____B________.A. the New LeftB. the New RightC. the New FrontierD. the New Freedom UTIL31.The current situation of African-Americans presents ___C____.A. a favorable pictureB. a negative pictureC. a mixed pictureD. a positive picture2. Although discrimination has been legally abolished, ___D_____.A. discrimination in employment still existsB. discrimination in university admission still existsC. poverty rate of the blacks is the highest among all racial and ethnic groupsD. inequality and subtle discrimination still exist3. The Cuban-Americans mainly live in __A____.A. FloridaB. TexasC. LouisianaD. Alabama4. Some people say Asian-Americans owe their success to the Asian tradition of the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. familyB. hard workC. educationD. discrimination5. Now about 80% to 90% of immigration to the United States is from ___A____.A. Asian and Hispanic countriesB. African countriesC. European countriesD. Central and South American countries6. The first immigrants in American history came from ______A____.A. England and the NetherlandsB. IrelandC. West GermanyD. East Europe7. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, the largest group is __B_____.A. the Puerto RicansB. the Mexican-AmericansC. the Cuban-AmericansD. the Central and South American immigrants8. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, ___B_____ have the highest social status.A. the ChicanosB. the Cuban-AmericansC. the Puerto-RicansD. the Latin American immigrants9. The Native Americans are ___A_______.A. the IndiansB. the whitesC. the blacksD. the HispanicsUTIL41. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in ____D____.A. all kinds of casesB. cases involving foreign citizensC. cases involving a stateD. Both B and C2. Political parties are the basis of the American political system, ___D______.A. but there is no provision in the Constitution for political partiesB. and the Constitution has clear provisionC. but the founding fathers had strong apprehension of political partiesD. Both A and C3. The two major parties today have ___C___ differences in policy concentration.A. noB. littleC. someD. great4. The writers of the Constitution worked out the checks and balances in order to __A_____.A. prevent the government from misusing its powerB. prevent the government from being strongC. pacify those who opposed the ConstitutionD. meet the demands of small states5. The President of the United States is elected _D____.A. indirectly by the electorsB. by CongressC. directly by the votersD. None of the above.7. The U.S. President’s appointments have to be approved by ____B____.A. the House of RepresentativesB. the SenateC. the CabinetD. the Supreme Court8. The Supreme Court of the United States consists of one Chief Justice and _C_____ Associate Justices.A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 109. The two major political parties in the United States are __D_____.A. the Democratic Party and the Labor PartyB. the Federalist Party and the Democratic PartyC. the Federalist Party and the Republican PartyD. the Democratic Party and the Republican Party10. The U.S. Congress has the power to override the president’s veto by a _A____ majority.A. 2/3B. 3/4C. 3/5D. 4/5UTIL51. The United States ranks ___A_____ in the world in the total value of its economic production.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth2. The following are the factors that have contributed tothe development of the U.S. economy EXCEPT _____C_____.A. the vast space and resources of the landB. the ideals of freedom and economic opportunityC. English as its national languageD. hard work by the people3. What is America’s most important food crop?----A-----A. Corn.B. Rice.C. Barley.D. Oat.4. Service industries account for more than ___D______ of the U.S. gross domestic product.A. a thirdB. halfC. two thirdsD. three fourth5. The westward expansion is a demonstration ofAmerican __A______.A. individualismB. patriotismC. liberalismD. expansionism6. Hamilton believed that the United States should pursue economic growth through the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. shippingB. manufacturingC. bankingD. slavery7. With the arrival of the 20th century, the United States became increasingly urbanized, particularly in the ____A_____ cities.A. NortheastB. NorthwestC. SoutheastD. Southwest8. The American South is a center of the following traditional crops EXCEPT ___D______.A. tobaccoB. cornC. cottonD. wheat9. As the world’s leading maker of industrial goods, the U.S. now produces around ___B______ of the world’s industrial products.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%10. In the United States, the following areas tend to specialize in high-tech and computer industries EXCEPT ___B_____.A. NortheastB. MidwestC. NorthwestD. SouthwestUTIL61. The American social security system includes the following programs EXCEPT ___C______.A. OASDHIB. MedicareC. MedicaidD. Unemployment Compensation2. Americans may start receiving their pensions at the age of __C_______.A. 55B. 60C. 65D. 703. The main federal welfare programs in the USA consist of the following programs EXCEPT___D______.A. MedicaidB. AFDCC. Food StampsD. Medicare4. Which of the following belongs to the religious welfare organization?----C---A. NCH.B. CWLA.C. CCHD. D. Ford Foundation.5. Among private foundations, which has become increasingly prominent in private charity activity?---D-----A. Rockefeller Foundation.B. Ford Foundation.C. Buffett Foundation.D. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.6. Which of the following statement is NOT true about American health care services?----D----A. A sizable number of Americans still remain uninsured.B. The U.S. has top-quality medical facilities.C. Medicaid covers only about 40 percent of the poor nationwide.D. Compared with other developed countries, the United States spends less on health care.7. According to the healthcare reform proposed during the Obama administration, the government will require most Americans to have health insurance by ___D____.A. 2011B. 2012C. 2013D. 20148. Homes and houses give Americans the following sense EXCEPT ____D____.A. possessionB. material satisfactionC. personal identificationD. freedom UTIL7.1. There are currently ___D_____ district courts in the United States.A. 52B. 54C. 92D. 942. There are currently __B_____ courts of appeals in the United States.A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 133. ___C_______ argues cases for the government before the Supreme Court.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. Solicitor GeneralD. President of the United States4. District judgeships are filled by the President with the consent of ___C______.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. the SenateD. the House of Representatives5. Generally, the trial jury consists of ____B___ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－306. Generally, the grand jury consists of ___C____ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－307. The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and ___B____ associate justicesA. 7B. 8C. 9D. 108. In the United States, people between the ages of __A_____ are the most inclined age group to commit crimes.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－549. In some urban areas in the United States, murder is the main cause of death among non-White males between the ages of ____C____.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－5410. As a rule, the implementation of state law is carried out by the police and detectives in the city, and by __D_____ in rural areas.A. sheriffsB. constablesC. magistratesD. both A and BUTIL81. To many Americans, education is important because _____D________.A. it contributes to the success of individualsB. it contributes to the strengthening of national strengthC. it prepares the young people for future developmentD. Both A and B 2. In the United States, public schools at the elementary and secondary level are _____D_________.A. freeB. compulsoryC. open to allD. Both A and C3. American schools fall into two categories, namely, _____A__________.A. public and private schoolsB. academic and vocational schoolsC. coeducation and single sex schoolsD. national and state-run schools4. In the United States, education policies are made by ______B________.A. the federal governmentB. the state board of educationC. local school districtD. board of trustees5. The governing board of school district is responsible for ______D_________.A. the hiring of teachers and staffB. the designing of a suitable curriculumC. the compiling and approving of budgetD. All of the above6. There is ______B_________ difference(s) in tuition rates between public and private institutions of higher learning in the U.S.A. noB. significantC. someD. not much7. The community college ______B_________.A. offers bachelor degreesB. offers associate degreesC. offers master degreesD. Both A and B8. Elementary and secondary education in the U.S. covers ___C____ years.A. 9B. 11C. 12D. 14。
英语国家概况期末复习
英语国家概况CanadaUnit11. Canada is the second largest country in the Western Hemisphere. F2. Canada is bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. T3. Most of the Canadian people live close to the U.S. border on the south. T4. The highest peak in Canada is Mount Logan. T5. The St. Lawrence is the longest river in Canada. F6. Canada has more lakes and inland waters than any other country in the world. T7. Western Canada consists of the Appalachian Region and the Great Lakes & St. Lawrence Lowlands. F8. The Labrador Current brings warmer air to the southeast of Canada, but its effects are limited. F9. Toronto is the world’s largest French-speaking city outside France. F10. Few French Canadians live in Ontario and New Brunswick. F1. Indigenous peoples, also called “Aboriginal”, make up ___C_____ percent of the total population in Canada.A. 1.5B. 2C. 4.4D. 3.52. Canada occupies nearly all of North America north of latitude _____C_______ north.A. 40°B. 45°C. 49°D. 50°3. There may be as many as _______C______ lakes in Canada.A. 1 millionB. 1.5 millionC. 2 millionD. 2.5 million4. The largest lake wholly within Canada is ___B______.A. Lake SuperiorB. the Great BearC. the Great SlaveD. Lake Huron5. ____A_____ is the largest river in Canada in volume of water.A. The St. LawrenceB. The MackenzieC. The YukonD. The Saskatchewan6. The largest island in Canada is ______B_____.A. Manitoulin IslandB. Baffin IslandC. Victoria IslandD. Newfoundland7. The following are the provinces in Canadian Interior Plains EXCEPT ___D_____.A. AlbertaB. SaskatchewanC. ManitobaD. Quebec8. ___C_____ is the fastest-growing mother tongue in Canada.A. SpanishB. FrenchC. ChineseD. English9. ___B____ were beneficiaries of the westward movement and enjoyed growth rates well above the Canadian average.A. Ontario and QuebecB. British Columbia and AlbertaC. Saskatchewan and ManitobaD. Nunavut and Northwest Territories10. ______C_______ is the first large political unit in North America with an indigenous majority.A. Northwest TerritoriesB. YukonC. NunavutD. SaskatchewanUnit21. The first group of Europeans to settle in Canada in large numbers were the French. T2. Under the Quebec Act, France officially ceded New France to Britain. F3. Under the Constitution Act of 1791, the British divided Quebec into two colonies, Lower Canada and Upper Canada. T4. Reformers led by William Lyon Mackenzie were demanding an American form of government and separation from Great Britain. T5. Under the British North America Act of 1867, Canada became an independent country. F6. William Lyon Mackenzie King is Canada’s longest-serving prime minister. T7. In 1982 the British North America Act was replaced by a new constitution for the government of Canada. T8. Under the controversial Charter of the French Language adopted in 1977, French is the only official language in Quebec. T9. Conservative Party’s victory in the 2006 elections ended 20 years of Liberal Party rule in Canada and made Harper the country’s 22nd Prime Minister. F1.The name “Canada”is believed to be derived from “kanata”, an Indian word meaning __C____.A. a guitarB. a meeting placeC. a settlementD. a piece of land2. Who was the first French to discover Canada? BA. John Cabot.B. Jacques Cartier.C. Samuel de Champlain.D. Henry Hudson.3. Who founded the first permanent settlements at Quebec and Montreal on the St. Lawrence River? CA. John Cabot.B. Jacques Cartier.C. Samuel de Champlain.D. Henry Hudson.4. In 1774, the British passed __A_____ that guaranteed the French protection of their language and religion.A. the Quebec ActB. the Treaty of ParisC. the Constitution Act of 1791D. the Act of Union5. When was Canada given internal self-government? CA. In 1791.B. In 1840.C. In 1848.D. In 1867.6. Who was the first Prime Minister of the new Canada? AA. Sir John Macdonald.B. Sir Wilfrid Laurier.C. Robert Borden.D. Mackenzie King.7. In 1905, ____C____ were carved out of the Northwest Territories.A. Ontario and QuebecB. Manitoba and British ColumbiaC. Alberta and SaskatchewanD. Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island8. In 1967, ___B____ was approved by the Parliament of Canada as the national anthem.A. “God Save the Queen”B. “O Canada”C. “Advance Canada Fair”D. “God Defend Canada”9. Since when has the Canadian government followed a policy of bilingualism? AA. 1969B. 1970C. 1976D. 198010. Quebec voters narrowly rejected secession from Canada in a ___C____ referendum.A. 1980B. 1990C. 1995D. 2000Unit31. Saskatchewan is the world’s largest producer of potash. F2. Ontario has the greatest developed and potential hydroelectric resources in Canada. F3. One-half of Canada’s wheat is grown in Alberta. F4. Canada is the world’s largest producer of newsprint. T5. Oil and gas production is centered mainly in Manitoba. F6. Canada is the world’s leading producer of hydroelectricity. T7. Quebec has the heaviest concentration of manufacturing in Canada, accounting for more than one-half of Canada’s total value of manufacturing shipments. F8. Mining industries now produce more than half of Canada’s exports. F9. In the services sector, Canada’s exports exceed its imports. F10. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect in 1989. F1. Which of the following is NOT Canada’s waterway? BA. The St. Lawrence.B. The Mississippi.C. The Great Lakes.D. The Mackenzie.2. Almost ____A_____ of the land area of Canada is covered by forests.A. halfB. one-thirdC. two-thirdsD. three-quarters3. British Columbia ranks _______A______ in the productivity of forests in Canada.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth4. Most of the Canada’s farmland is located in ___B____.A. the Atlantic ProvincesB. the Prairie ProvincesC. QuebecD. Ontario5. The following types of fish have been the most important exports from the Atlantic coast EXCEPT ____D______.A. codB. crabC. lobsterD. salmon6. Much of pre-Confederation history revolves around the competition between the French and British for control of the profitable ___C_____.A. mining industryB. farmlandsC. fur tradeD. tobacco plantation7. Canada is the world’s largest exporter of the following EXCEPT _____D_________.A. uraniumB. zincC. potashD. nickel8. Canada is the world’s ______D________ largest exporter of oil.A. secondB. fourthC. sixthD. tenth9. Canada has just 0.6% of the world’s population, but accounts for ____A___ of total exports in world trade.A. 4%B. 5%C. 6%D. 7%10. Canada’s largest trading partner is ___B_____.A. Great BritainB. the United StatesC. JapanD. GermanyUint41. In Canada territories have more autonomy from the federal government than provinces do. F2. Since the British North America Act laid the foundation of Confederation, it formed the entire Canadian Constitution. F3. In Canada the central government exercises all powers not specifically assigned to the provinces. T4. The Canadian Parliament consists of the British monarch, the House of Representatives and the Senate. F5. The executive head of government in Canada is the Prime Minister. T6. The members of the Senate are appointed, normally by the Governor General but in effect by the Prime Minister. T7. The House of Commons in Canada is the key legislative branch, where most important bills are introduced. T8. In Canada, members of the House of Commons are not directly elected by the voters. F9. The legal system in Canada is based on English common law and there is no exception. F10. The dominant national political parties in Canada during the 20th century have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. F1. Canada is a federation of _______C_______ provinces and ______________ territories.A. six / twoB. eight / fourC. ten / threeD. twelve / four2. ________C__________ cut the last legal tie between Canada and Britain and transferred the constitutional amending power from the British government to Canada.A. The BNA ActB. The Meech Lake AccordC. The Constitution of 1982D. The referendum in 19953. The constitution of 1982 gathered the previous constitutional acts into a single framework and added the ______A___________.A. Charter of Rights and FreedomsB. Statute of WestminsterC. Canada ActD. Constitution Act4. Canada is divided into ______B_________ districts, called “ridings” or “constituencies”.A. 105B. 308C. 650D. 1005. There are ______A________ Senators in Canadian Parliament.A. 105B. 308C. 650D. 1006. Québec has a ______B______ system based on the _____________ law system.A. criminal-law / FrenchB. civil-law / FrenchC. criminal-law / BritishD. civil-law / British7. In Canada, general elections must be held at least once every _____D_________.A. two yearsB. three yearsC. four yearsD. five years8. The third party with a tradition of national support is ______B_________.A. the Democratic PartyB. the New Democratic PartyC. the Labour PartyD. the Socialist Party9. In 2003, the Progressive Conservatives and the _____B________ merged to form a new party known as the Conservative Party.A. the New Democratic PartyB. Canadian AllianceC. Reform PartyD. Liberal Party10. Canada’s system of political parties is characterized by the following EXCEPT ______D________.A. two major partiesB. one-party ruleC. division between federal and provincial party systemD. two-and-a-half party systemUint51. Canada is officially bilingual, and all services provided by the federal government are available in English and French. T2. Cultural pluralism within a bilingual framework is the essence of the Canadian identity. T3. Religion has been an important influence in Canada’s history since the earliest efforts of missionaries to Christianize the native people. T4. Education systems in Canada derive from British, American, and particularly in the province of Québec, French traditions. T5. Although lacrosse is Canada’s first national game, today hockey is its most popular sport. T6. It is more appropriate to speak of Canadian cultures rather than a single national culture. T7. Canada Day commemorates the birthday of Queen Victoria. F1. In __C____, the Canadian government adopted a policy of multiculturalism.A. 1969B. 1970C. 1971D. 19722. As far as Canadian education is concerned, each province has its own system because ___B______.A. education is very important to CanadiansB. education is a provincial responsibilityC. most Canadians live in towns and citiesD. most Canadians speak English3. According to _C____, Canada’s health system should provide health services to all people regardless of income.A. Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services ActB. Medical Care ActC. Canada Health ActD. Canada Health and Social Transfer program4. __A_____ was the first private non-denominational university to receive a charter.A. McGill UniversityB. Universitédu QuébecC. University of TorontoD. University of British Columbia5. The federal Department of Environment was established in __C____.A. 1969B. 1970C. 1971D. 19726. The Official Languages Act, which stated that both French and English were to be official languages throughout Canada, was passed in ___A_____.A. 1969B. 1970C. 1971D. 19727. Charter of the French Language, which stated that only French was the official language in Quebec, was passed in ____C____.A. 1975B. 1976C. 1977D. 19788. July 1, which was known as “Dominion Day”, became “Canada Day” in _____C_______.A. 1867B. 1879C. 1982D. 19859. In Canada, Thanksgiving Day was celebrated on ____B_____.A. the first Monday in OctoberB. the second Monday in OctoberC. the fourth Thursday in NovemberD. the final Thursday in NovemberAustralianUnit11. Australia is sometimes called “the Land Down Under”because it lies south of the equator. T2. Australia is the only continent occupied entirely by a single nation. T3. Australia’s southern coasts are washed by the Coral Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Timor Sea. F4. Although Australia is a small continent, it is a large country: only Russia, Canada and China have larger areas. F5. The Eastern Highlands tend to be low and broad in the north and get higher in the south. T6. Lake Eyre, Australia’s largest lake, is known as a part-time lake, because most of the time it has no water at all. T7. Australia is hot and dry, because it lies in the Southern Hemisphere. F8. New South Wales is called “the premier state”, because it has the largest population. F9. Though the smallest state, Victoria has an importance in the country’s economy far greater than its size might indicate. F10. The northern area of Western Australia is called the Red Center of Australia. F1. With regard to its size, Australia is _____D________ country in the world.A. the third largestB. the fourth largestC. the fifth largestD. the sixth largest2. Most Australians live on the cool, wet, forested _________A_______.A. southeast coastlandB. southwest coastlandC. northeast coastlandD. northwest coastland3. Australia is politically divided into ____D_________ states and ______________ territories.A. four / threeB. five / twoC. six / threeD. six / two4. The only city on the western coast which has a population of more than one million is ______B______.A. DarwinB. PerthC. the Gold CoastD. Brisbane5. Adelaide, the capital of South Australia, is internationally known for its ______D_________.A. wineB. beautiful sceneryC. valuable mineralsD. arts festival6. Tasmania is an island which lies _B___ of the Australian mainland.A. north of the northeastern cornerB. south of the southeastern cornerC. east of the northeastern cornerD. west of the southeastern corner7. ________A_________ forms the essence of the Australian Outback.A. The Northern TerritoryB. Western AustraliaC. South AustraliaD. Queensland8. The coral of the Great Barrier Reef fringes the coastline of _____C_______ for more than 2,000 kilometres.A. South AustraliaB. Western AustraliaC. QueenslandD. Tasmania9. Torres Strait Islanders come from _______C________.A. mainland AustraliaB. TasmaniaC. the islands between the tip of Queensland and Papua New GuineaD. the coral islands of the Great Barrier Reef10. Australian aborigines held a traditional belief that the land they lived on was created during the ______C_____.A. Golden AgeB. GenesisC. DreamtimeD. Five SunsUnit21. The history of Australia began with the arrival of the first permanent European settlers in 1788. F2.The first Australians were the Aborigines who migrated from Southeast Asia at least 50,000 years ago. T3. Although James Cook, a British explorer, has often been called the discoverer of Australia, European explorers were not the first outsiders to visit Australia. T4. The first European settlement by British convicts occurred in 1788 at Botany Bay in southeastern Australia. F5. The first major discoveries of gold were made in New South Wales and Victoria in the early 1860s. F6. The Federation of the six original Australian states took place in 1901 and the first Prime Minister was Henry Parkes. F7. After the Pacific war between Japan and the United States broke out in 1941 and Britain was unable to provide sufficient support for Australia’s defense, the new Labour government decided to seek alliance with the United States. T8. In 1972, the Labor Party won office in the federal election and Gough Whitlam became the first Labor Prime Minister in 23 years. T9. Gough Whitlam was dismissed by the Governor-General in November 1975 because the Labor Party lost in the general election. F1. Aboriginal culture was totally disrupted by _______A_________.A. the European settlement of Australia from 1788 onwardsB. the wars among different Aboriginal tribesC. bush fires, floods and droughtsD. the development of science and technology2. Apart from massacres, large numbers of Aborigines also died of _______C___________.A. the European way of livingB. the firearms of the white settlersC. the diseases introduced into Australia by the white settlersD. the wars among different Aboriginal tribes3. It is assumed that the first Europeans who reached Australia’s shores were _____D_________.A. the DutchB. the EnglishC. the GermansD. the Spanish and Portuguese4. In 1788, Australia was settled by the British as a colony founded ______C________A. to receive free settlersB. to supply Britain with wool and foodC. to receive convicts from BritainD. to expand Britain’s imperial power5. Australia’s national day, Australia Day, is on ________C__________.A. 1 JanuaryB.18 JanuaryC. 26 JanuaryD. 31 January6. ____A_____ became the financial and commercial centre of Australia during the Gold Rush and attracted British investment and dominated rural exports.A. MelbourneB. SydneyC. CanberraD. Brisbane7. Which of the following is NOT true about Australian federation of 1901? BA. Australia became an independent country.B. Australia had its own head of state.C. After federation Australia still relied on Britain for trade and investment.D. Britain conducted diplomacy and made war on behalf of Australia.8. In the 1950s, Australia stressed the importance of developing a close association with the United States through ______B__________.A. the ANZACB. the ANZUSC. the ANZGD. the ANA9. Whitlam proposed reforms concerned with the following issues EXCEPT _________D__________.A. foreign relationsB. race relationsC. women’s rightsD. establishing a republic10. In ___B____, the question of becoming a republic was put to a referendum.A. 1998B. 1999C. 2000D. 2001Unit31. Wool, and later gold, launched the Australian colonies on a path of rapid economic growth. T2. Despite industrialization from the mid-19th century, the Australian economy has remained specialized and heavily dependent on the export of farming and mineral products. T3. Despite the problems of long-distance transport to unreliable markets, Australia is a major exporter of wool, wheat, meat, sugar, dairy products, fruits, cotton and rice. T4. Agriculture generates only 10%－15% of Australia’s export earnings and is thus not very important to the country’s economy. F5. Mining has been central to the Australian economy since the 19th century, as both a catalyst to national development and a major source of export income. T6. In Australia, as elsewhere in the world, tourism is a rapidly expanding industry. T7. The main feature of Australia’s trade is the exchange of raw materials for finished products. T8. Since the end of World War II there have been great changes in Australia’s trading patterns and international economic relations. T9. A significant reorientation of trade towards Asia and the Pacific is now taking place in Australia. T1.Australia is the world’s largest exporter of ___B____.A. wheatB. woolC. meatD. dairy products2. ____A____ is the country’s leading grain crop and is grown in every state.A. WheatB. SugarC. CornD. Rice3. Official estimates suggested that a total of ____C___ of Australia’s land area was native forest.A. one-thirdB. one-fourthC. one-fifthD. one-sixth4. The Australian Fishing Zone ranks the ___C___ in size in the world.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth5. Manufacturing now contributes about __C____ to Australia’s GDP.A. one-thirdB. one-sixthC. one-eighthD. one-tenth6. Australia boasts the world’s largest known recoverable resources of the following EXCEPT __D___.A. leadB. uraniumC. silverD. gold7. ___B___ traditionally has the largest share by value of total national mineral production.A. South AustraliaB. Western AustraliaC. QueenslandD. Northern Territory8. Australia ranks the ___A___ in diamond production in the world.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth9. Australia’s telecommunications and IT market is the __D____ largest in the world.A. thirdB. sixthC. eighthD. tenth10. Today, Australia’s largest trading partner is __C____.A. JapanB. the United StatesC. ChinaD. the United KingdomUnit41. Australia has a federal system of government which consists of a federal government and six state governments each exercising its allotted powers independently of the other. T2. Australia is not independent because it still has constitutional links with Britain. F3. The basic structure of Australian government is based on both the British and American models. T4. The Australian Constitution is entirely founded on a written document. F5. In the Australian Federal Parliament, the two Houses have exactly equal powers. F6. Although the National Party has never won a majority of seats in the House of Representatives, it has the ability to hold a balance of power in the Federal Parliament. T7. The High Court is the most superior in the Australian legal system. T1.The following powers are given to the state governments EXCEPT ____D___.A. educationB. transportC. health servicesD. defense2. In Australia, each state has ___D___ Senators.A. 2B. 6C. 8D. 123. Which state has only one chamber in the State Parliament? CA. New South WalesB. VictoriaC. QueenslandD. Western Australia4. Party politics in Australia started in 1910 when _D____.A. the Australian Labor Party was formedB. the Liberal Party was formedC. Australians began to vote in the federal electionsD. Australian voters began to choose between Labor and Liberal5. Australia’s oldest surviving political party is ___C____.A. the Liberal PartyB. the Country PartyC. the Australian Labor PartyD. the Australian Democrats6. In Australian politics, the Liberal Party has been in coalition with ___B______ since 1923.A. the Australian Labor PartyB. the National PartyC. the Australian DemocratsD. the Progress Party7. The task of interpreting the Constitution belongs to __ C ___.A. the Federal CourtB. the Supreme CourtC. the High CourtD. the Family CourtUnit51. Under multiculturalism migrant groups are able to speak their own language and maintain their own customs. T2. When the Australian colonies joined together as a Commonwealth in 1901, the “White Australia policy”was a cornerstone of the new nation’s policies. T3. In Australia there have been several debates on immigration and multiculturalism in recent years, andsuch debates are unlikely to happen again in the future. F4. Only recently have Australians begun to realize that migrants from non-Anglo-Australian backgrounds also have their own cultural and intellectual life, their own traditions and customs which need to be respected. T5. As people with different traditions and customs interact with each other, a peculiar blend of different cultures will be emerging in Australia. T6. In Australia, the preparatory year in education is compulsory and universal. F7. The Alice Springs School of the Air is a secondary correspondence school that utilizes various communications technologies to have daily contact with students, home tutors and teachers. F8. Herald Sun, published in Melbourne, has the largest circulation among Sunday papers. F9. The No.1 watched sport in Australia is soccer. F1. Under multiculturalism migrant groups are able to do the following EXCEPT _________D________.A. to speak their own languageB. to keep their own lifestylesC. to maintain their own customsD. to make their own laws2. The following are the main reasons why the White Australia policy was officially abandoned in 1973 EXCEPT ____D___.A. in most years after 1945 Australia was unable to recruit enough migrants from European countriesB. humanitarian concerns have made Australia accept many refugees from Asian countriesC. Australia must change its image so that it can live in harmony with the peoples of AsiaD. Asian countries are more prosperous than Australia3. The effective end of the White Australia policy is usually dated to __D____.A. 1966B. 1970C. 1972D. 19734. The first official national multicultural policy was implemented by the __B___ Government.A. WhitlamB. FraserC. HawkeD. Keating5. In Australia, school education is compulsory until age ____C____.A. 12B. 14C. 15D. 186. The best known example of audio teaching in Australia is __d___.A. the Radio SchoolB. the Net SchoolC. the Flying SchoolD. the School of the Air7. Among Sunday papers, __A_____ is the most widely circulated.A. Sun TelegraphB. Sunday SunC. Herald SunD. Sunday Mail8. ANZAC Day on __C____ is a holiday which memorializes in particular the troops who were slaughtered at Gallipoli in World War I.A. April 20B. April 22C. April 25D. April 269. The oldest international arts festival in Australia was held in __C____.A. SydneyB. MelbourneC. PerthD. CanberraNew ZealandUnit11. New Zealand is situated in the Northern Pacific Ocean, halfway between the Equator and the North Pole. F2. New Zealand is made up of two large islands: the North Island and the South Island, and numerous smaller islands. T3. New Zealand is the first country to get the new day because it is just east of the International Date Line. F4. The mountain range which runs almost the whole length of the South Island is called the Southern Alps. T5. The Clutha River is the longest river of New Zealand. F6. New Zealand often has earthquakes because a fault line runs the length of the country. T7. Since its climate is generally a temperate one, New Zealand’s weather is not changeable. F8. New Zealand is sometimes referred to as an “ultimate storehouse for discontinued zoological models”. T9. About three-quarters of the population live in the South Island. F10. A large percentage of the total Maori population isconsidered fluent in Maori. F1. New Zealand is situated about 1, 600 km ___B____ .A. northwest of AustraliaB. southeast of AustraliaC. northeast of AustraliaD. southwest of Australia2. The largest Lake in New Zealand is ____B___ .A. Lake Te AnauB. Lake TaupoC. Lake WakatipuD. Lake Wanaka3. The highest peak in New Zealand is ___B____ .A. Mount TasmanB. Mount CookC. Mount DampierD. Mount Ruapehu4. The following are the volcanic mountains in the North Island EXCEPT ___B____ .A. RuapehuB. Mt. CookC. NgaurohoeD. Tongariro5. The most serious potential natural disasters in New Zealand are __C____ .A. storms and earthquakesB. volcanoes and floodsC. earthquakes and volcanoesD. floods and storms6. ____B____ is the flightless bird which has become asymbol of New Zealand.A. EmuB. KiwiC. WekaD. Pukeko7. What percentage of the population of New Zealand is of European (mainly British) descent? DA．50%．B．67%．C．73%．D．80%．8. The following are the reasons for the uneven distribution of the population of New Zealand EXCEPT ___A____ .A. the concentration of mineral resources in the northB. the milder climate in the northC. the expansion of North Island industriesD. the availability of land suitable for specializedfarming9. What is the most common religion in New Zealand? AA. Christianity.B. Islam.C. Buddhism.D. Judaism.10. New Zealanders speak English with a distinctive__B____ accent.A. BritishB. New ZealandC. IrishD. ScottishUnit21. James Cook was the first European to sight New Zealand in 1642. F2. The rights of indigenous people to the land they inhabited have never been recognized in New Zealand. F3. On 6 February, 1840, representatives of the British Crown and Maori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi. T4. The inhabitants of New Zealand at the time of Tasman’s visit were the Maori, who began settling the land in the early 6th century. F5. The discovery of gold in the 1860s caused a new influx of immigrants. T6. Aotearoa is the Maori name for New Zealand, meaning “land of gold”. F7. The focus of Maori community life is the marae, which is a Maori word meaning “the meeting house and。
英语国家概况复习整理
英语国家概况复习整理英语国家概况一、国家概况英语是世界上使用最广泛的第二语言，几乎所有英语国家都以英语为官方语言。
以下是几个代表性的英语国家概况：1. 英国（United Kingdom）英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部，由四个国家组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。
英国是一个君主立宪制国家，伦敦是其首都和最大城市。
英国是工业革命的发源地之一，对现代科学、文化和法律产生了重要影响。
2. 美国（United States）美国是一个位于北美洲的联邦共和制国家，由50个州组成。
华盛顿特区是其首都，纽约市是最大城市。
美国是世界上最大的经济体和军事力量之一，对全球政治、经济和文化具有巨大影响。
3. 加拿大（Canada）加拿大是北美洲最北端的国家，是一个君主立宪制国家。
渥太华是其首都，多伦多是最大城市。
加拿大是世界上最大的国家之一，拥有丰富的自然资源和文化多样性。
4. 澳大利亚（Australia）澳大利亚是世界上面积第六大的国家，位于南太平洋地区。
堪培拉是其首都，悉尼是最大城市。
澳大利亚以其独特的自然景观、丰富的动植物种类和多元文化而闻名。
5. 新西兰（New Zealand）新西兰位于南太平洋地区，由北岛和南岛组成。
惠灵顿是其首都，奥克兰是最大城市。
新西兰以其美丽的自然景观和友好的人民而闻名，是旅游和冒险活动的热门目的地。
二、国家特点1. 文化和历史英语国家的文化和历史各具特色。
英国的文化底蕴深厚，有着悠久的王室传统和文学艺术遗产。
美国是一个移民国家，融合了来自世界各地的文化，拥有独特的美国梦和好莱坞电影文化。
加拿大和澳大利亚等英联邦国家也保留了英国文化的一些传统，并发展了自己的多元文化。
2. 经济和科技英语国家在经济和科技领域具有强大实力。
英国在金融、教育、文化创意产业等领域发达，是世界上最重要的金融中心之一。
美国是全球最大的市场之一，科技创新领域具有很高的竞争力。
加拿大和澳大利亚等国也在自然资源开发和高科技产业方面表现出色。
英语国家概况复习整理精选全文完整版
可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语国家概况复习整理一、单选题知识点：1.英国部分英国的主要岛屿：Great Britain and IrelandEdinburgh(爱丁堡)是苏格兰的首都英国有超过60 million的人口Northern Ireland是4个英国组成部分中最小的一个1/4 人口住在southeastern England英语属于Indo-European 语系中的Germanic(日耳曼语)基督教额引入为英国添加了第一笔 Latin and Greek色彩中世界英语被Norman influence强化塞缪尔.约翰逊的词典的意义是建立了Spelling的标准目前，将近a quarter的世界人口讲英文The Gremanic对罗马的进攻结束了罗马人占领英国在7世纪晚期，Roman Christianity(天主教会)处于英格兰的主导地位Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特教堂)建立在Edward the confessor(忏悔者爱德华)时期The Norman conquest 标志着Feudalism(封建制度)在英国的建立玫瑰花战争带来the House of Tudor的统治宗教改革(Religious Reformation)的直接原因是亨利三世国王divorce his wife英国革命在1642年爆发于Royalists and Parliamentarians(保皇党人和国会议员)之间Bill of Right(人权法案)在Glorious Revolution (光荣革命)后被通过19世纪中期英国的Industrial Revolution完成英国在20世纪初期面临着强烈的全球帝国统治挑战英国政府的三权分立：judiciary(司法),legislature(立法)及executive(行政)，而不包括momarchy(君主) 英国君主的重要性体现在他在public attitude方面的影响British Cabinet(内阁)在Collective responsibility(集体负责制)的原则下工作英国Priry Council(枢密院)的主要责任是Give advice英国议会大选每5年举行一次Scotland拥有建立在罗马法律基础上的独特的法律系统英国议会的经营是two-party(两党的)模式保守党的政策是典型的Pragmatism(实用主义)和 a belief in individualism(个人主义的信仰)工会党(The Labor Prty)的影响是建立了全国健康服务体制(National Health Service)英国经济到1800s实现了全球统治在1946年，英国议会通过了两个重要法案，建立了福利规定1970s早期的The oil crisis(石油危机)恶化了本来已经不景气的英国经济布莱尔政府没有在reducing inequality方面获得成功英国开垦了74%的土地用于发展农业英国的渔业地区不包括The sea area between Britain and Ireland在英国，煤矿产业提供了1/4的能源英国汽车产业几乎全部是Foreign-owned(外企)英国文艺复兴时期最光辉的成就是drama(戏剧)"Preface to Lyrical Ballads"是浪漫诗的开篇之作Thomas Hardy 是19世纪批判现实主义的代表Waiting for Godot是Samuel Bekett 写的2.美国部分美国大陆上有48个statesAlaska是最大的州美国在 central North America ,加拿大在它的北面，墨西哥在南面，大西洋在它的东面，太平洋在它的西面美国最大的河流是Mississippi River哈佛、耶鲁和MIT等著名大学位于New EnglandNiagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布)位于美国-加拿大边境上阿拉斯加人口中没有the Blacks美国最大的少数民族是the Blacks1924年的移民法案限制美国的进一步移民，尤其是来自欧洲的美国文化主流的特点是：English-speaking,Western European,Protestant and Middle-class第一个北美殖民地建立在Jamestorn,VirginiaPilrim Fathers 是一群Paritans(清教徒)，他们为了逃避在英国的迫害而来到美国7年战争发生在French and British之间"No taxation without represtation"是The people of 13 colonies的口号美国独立战争的第一枪在Lexingto (列克星顿)打响1775年5月，The second continenta congrsee 在Philadelphia举行林肯签发了Declaration of Independence承诺给予所以奴隶自由第二次世界大战开始时，美国是neutrality(中立的)政策Roosevelt(罗斯福)新政处理了大萧条的问题越南战争继续受Eisenhower,kennedy and johnson的影响美国的ore(矿石)只占世界很小部分现代美国经济经历了faming economy,handcraft economy,最终形成industrial economy第一家国家银行是在Alexander Hamilton时期建立的美国1/3粮食用于出口目前，美国出口占世界10%美国常规教育包括elementary,secondary and higher education美国高等教育开始于Harvard University 的建立MIT没有出过总统美国国庆节在July 4thWashington Irving 是美国文学之父Tony Morrison是第一个获得诺贝尔奖文学奖的非裔美国人二、名词解释：1. American Civil War(美国内战)American Civil War is a war that was fought in the US between 1861 and 1865 when 11 southern states rebelled against the federal government. The southern states were beaten, and as a result of the war, slaves became free.2.Melting pot and salad(大熔炉)The melting pot is an analogy for the way in which homogeneous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (people of different cultures, races and religions) are combined so as to develop a multi-ethnic society. The term, which originates from the United States, is often used to describe societies experiencing large scale immigration from many different countries.3.American Constitution(美国宪法)American Constitution，which was drawn up in 1787 and came into effect in 1789,is the basic law of the land.For over two centuries,it has guided the development of government institution and has the basis for the nation，s political stability,economic growth and social progress.4.Cold War(冷战)In the spring of 1947 ,for the purpose of establishing the U.S.hegenmiony(霸权) in postwar world,President Truman declared the "Tueman Doctrine",aiming at expanding American sphere of influence.This marked the beginning of the Cold War period.the Cold War exerted great influence in Europe,and two Germanys were founded.Then,in April 1949,the U.S.allied with other Western countries,forming the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.While seeking to prevent Communist ideology from gaining further adherents(追随者) in Europe, the U.S.also responded to the challenges elsewhere.5.Thanksgiving(感恩节)Thanksgiving is a associated with the time when Europeans first came to the New World.In1620,the Mayflower arrived and brought about 150 Pilgrims.Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food,so many of them died.During the following summer the Native Americans helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest.So they held a big celebration to thank God and the Native Americans.6.British Labor Party(英国工会党)British Labor Party known as a party of high taxation,was created by the growing trade union movement at the end of the 19th century.It quickly replaced the Liberal Party as one of the two largest political parties.The Labor government that come to power in 1945 had a major effort on British society. It set up the National Health Service.The party activities are largely funded by the trade unions.7.British Conservative Party(英国保守党)By and large, the Conservative Party is supported by those who have something to "conserve".Economically,the Conservative Party supports free enterprise and privatization of state-owned enterprise.It is against too much government intervention,especially nationalization.The Conservative Partyfavors reducing the influence of trade unions and minimizing expenditures on social welfare.Its policies are charactized by pragmatism and a belied in individualism.monwealth of Nations（联邦国家）The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign statse,all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head.The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort,and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs.It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence.The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy,human rights,and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.9.Critical Realism(批判现实主义)The Critical Realism of the 19th centry flourished in the 1840s and the early 1850s.The Critical Realism described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.The greatest English realist was Charles Dickens.10.Standard English (标准英语)Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England.It is widely used in media and taught at school .It is preferred by the educated,middle-class people .It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct British English .It is also the norm carried overseas.Today Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is thought and used.三、简答题：1.what is the full name of the UK?The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery ,to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they ?The development of the English language can be divided into three periods : Old English ,Middle English and Modern English.4.Why did English become more important after the Black Death?The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death,so English also grew in importance compare to French.。
英语国家概况期末重点(必考)
英语国家概况期末重点（必考）1 How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they ?The development of the English language can be divided into three periods:Old English, Middle English and Modern English.2 What are the two components of the British Parliament ?They are the House of Commons and the House of Lords.3 What were some of Queen Victoria’s major achievements?Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass.4 What are the three functions of the House of Commons ?The three functions are: to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.5 What kind of subjects do British comprehensive schools provide ? British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literatuure and science,and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.6 How do students in the Open University receive their education ?The students follow university course through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centeres.7 What is Critical Realism ?Critical Realism is a literary school which flourished in the 40s and early 50s of the 19th century. The critical realists described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint. The greatest English critical realist was Charles Dickens.8 Briefly introduce the Liberal Party ?The Liberal Party is Canada’s largest political party. It has been in office for most of the time in Canadian history since 1867. The party combines a liberal social policy with a moderate economic policy.9 What does “cultural mosaic” mean in Canada ?“Cultural mosaic”indicates that people of diverse origins and communities are free to preserve and enhance their own cultural heritage while participating as equal partners in Canadian society. 10 What is Standard English ?Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools.It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct BritishEnglish.It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.11 What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain ? The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial productivity increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused grest changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.12 The Rise and Fall of the British Empire ?Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By1837, Britian had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of the 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world’s landmass.During-the-mid-19th century,the-British-government-consol idated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government.Before World War I,Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves ofgold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain’s colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.13 Give a brief account of Romanticism ?Romanticism is the literary trend that appeared in England at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. It is a revolt against the prescribed rules of Classicism. Writers of Romantic literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than with reason and intellect. Discontent with the development of capitalism, they seek a literary refuge. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge began the trend with their joint work Lyrical Ballads, whose preface is viewed as Rmnantic poetry’s "Declaration of Independence". It was the "second generation' Romantic poets such as Lord Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Keats who brought the Romantic Movement to its height.14 What are the goals of the four main political parties in Ireland ? Fianna Fail pursues a policy of complete political separation from Britain and supports peaceful reunification of the whole island. The key principles of Fine Gael are equality of opportunity, proenterprise Policies,security,and integrity and hope.The aim of the Labor Party is to establish a society without poverty, which is based on democracy , Equality,participation and cooperation. The Progressive DemocraticParty supports free enterprise, marked separation between church and state,and a peaceful resolution to the problems in Northern Ireland.15 What are the similarities between the major cities of Canada ? Canada's major cities, from east to west, are Quebec,Montreal, Ottawa,Toronto and Vancouver, all located near the Canadian-U.S. Border.The climate in this area is comparatively moderate, and cities in this area all enjoy distinct seasons.Each city has a large population with people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds.16 What is the immigration policy in Canada ?Before World War II, Canada used to have a racist immigration policy which actively discriminated against racial and religious minorities. After Worid War II, the Canadian government began to adopt a new policy to eliminate pttjudice. Since Then, Canada has opened its door to immigrants of all races and religions from any countries. At the end of the 20th century, a kind of anti-immigrant sentiment spread in Canada, and the federal government made changes in immigration policy and rules that decreased the number of immigrants allowed into Canada. Now, it is more difficult for people to immigrate into Canada.17 Multilingualism and Multiculturalism in Canada ?Canadians are composed of many different races and ethnic groups;they speak different languages at home apart from English and French. while participating as equal partners in the Canadian society, they keep their own cultural heritage, constituting a "cultural mosaic". In 1971, Canada became the first country to implement a multiculturalism policy to admit pluralism as a fact of Canadian life. In 1988,the Canadian Multiculturalism act was passed,With globalization and increasing immigration,multilingualismand multiculturalism will remain a special feature of the Canadiansociety.。
(完整版)英语国家概况期末复习2
人物与历史文献USTea Act 茶税法The Treaty of Paris 巴黎公约1783年美英两国于巴黎签订的条约同样成为《巴黎条约》，该条约的签订代表着英国承认美国独立，停止敌对行为，但仅承认美国占领密西西比河以东的土地。
第二次大陆会议(The Second Continental Congress) 费城(Philadelphia)召开George Washington 乔治·华盛顿: commander in Continental Army«美利坚合众国宪法»（The Constitution of the United States），通称«美国联邦宪法»或«美国宪法»（U.S. Constitution）1787年宪法Thomas Jefferson托马斯·杰斐逊:The Declaration of Independence «独立宣言»Abraham Lincoln亚伯拉罕·林肯:the Emancipation Proclamation «解放黑人奴隶宣言»Homestead Act «宅地法»Franklin D. Roosevelt富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福: The New Deal罗斯福新政1933年富兰克林·罗斯福就任美国总统后所实行的一系列经济政策，其核心是三个R：救济（Relief）、复兴（Recovery）和改革（Reform），因此有时也被称为三R新政。
Agricultural Adjustment Act «农业调整法»National Industrial Recovery Act «全国工业复兴法»«社会保障法»马丁．路德．金恩(Martin Luther King)Civil Rights Movement 民权运动我有一个梦想(I Have a Dream)Harry Truman哈瑞．杜鲁门:杜鲁门主义The Truman Doctrine马歇尔计划（The Marshall Plan），也称为欧洲复兴计划European Recovery ProgramReagan里根: Star Wars Program 星球大战计划Irangate Scandal 伊朗门事件Nixon尼克松: Watergate Scandals 水门事件Bill Clinton 克林顿: Zippergate ScandalUK«大宪章»：Magna Carta / The Great Charter 1215年King John 国王约翰to impose legal limits on the King's personal power in raising money from his subjects «权力请愿书»: The Petition of Right 1628年Charles 查理一世第29页«权利法案» :Bill of Rights 第32页The treaty of Paris 1763年第32页概念搭配UK1、ConstitutionA constitution is a set of rules and conventions that lays down the powers and functions of state institutions and their relationship with each other.2、The cabinetThe major decision-making body in the government, is often associated with the office of the Prime Minister.3、Tribunal (法院，仲裁机构)A more informal and less expensive alternative to civil and criminal courts, which handles minor cases outside of the official court system.4、The Lord Chancellor（英国上议院的）大法官The Lord Chancellor is head of the judiciary (司法部，法院)in England and Wales.5、The social security systemIt is designed to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need from the cradle to the grave.US1、Congress (国会)The legislative branch of the federal government ,is made up of the Senate and the House of Representative.2、The Supreme CourtConsists of a chief justice and eight associate justices.问答题英国部分Unit 3 P411. Who were the main foreign invaders of Britain at different times in British history? What contributions have they respectively made to the British culture, or what impacts have they had? 英国历史上不同时期主要的外国侵略者？及对英国的文化贡献或影响？P13(1)Julius Caesar 凯撒大帝(55BC) Hadrian’s Wall Words of Latin origins, Roman numbers, the solar calendar, Roman laws, and the census人口普查 ['sensəs] took root locally. Christianity spread(2)Germanic tribesmen 日耳曼人developed the Heptarchy, ['heptɑːkɪ]七王国；七头统治；七国连盟established Old English(3)Anglo-Saxon盎格鲁-撒克逊Christianity gained hold in Britain(4)Normans 诺曼人made Norman feudalism封建主义；封建制度['fjuːdəlɪz(ə)m]2. What was the social background for the Reformation to take place in England? What major achievements did the Elizabethan [i,lizə'bi:θən] 伊丽莎白一世时代的era ['ɪərə] witness?英格兰革新的社会背景？伊丽莎白一世见证的成就？P28In the Middle Ages, the Church had gained not only material importance, but also extensive power in politics and law. ﹙P28﹚Elizabeth: Putting to rest the religious issues;Reducing the power of the old nobility;Reaching farther than before through trade and adventure;Defeating Armada at sea Cultural and artistic movements (the English Renaissance) 3. How did the English Civil War break out? What were the consequences of the war?英国内战如何爆发？结果如何？P29The absolute rule of Charles I aroused the resistance of the people and the bourgeoisies. Charles took conteraction. He wanted to arrest Pym, Hampden and three other leaders of the Commons, but he failed to do so. So, he departed for the north, hoping to find supporters in the west and north districts. Thus the Civil War began. Consequences: The King Charles’s arm was defeated. Charles I was beheaded. In 1649, the House of Lords and the office of King were abolished and a Council of State was set to carry the executive work of the government, and England was declared a Commonwealth.Unit 4 P504. What are the characteristics of the British Constitution ?英国宪法的特点？P43(1)Constitutional monarchy ['mɒnəkɪ] 君主立宪制(2)Parliamentary sovereignty ['sɒvrɪntɪ] 议会至上(3)Representative democracy 代议民主(4)The rule of law ﹝P43﹞5. What are the functions of Parliament? How does the law-making process work?议会的功能是什么？法律制定工作是如何运行的？P44(1)To legislate立法(2)To vote the taxation 征税and expenditures [ɪk'spɛndɪtʃɚ] 支出of thegovernment(3)To examine government policies and administration 行政(4)To debate major political issues of the day （P45）6. What is meant by the “two-party system” in the UK today? How effective is such a system ?英国两党制在今天有何意义？这种制度如何起作用？P48The British party politics of government in the UK Parliament with power being held by either Conservative Party or Labour Party. The party which wins most MP seats in the House of Common becomes the goverment. The largest minority party becomes the official Opposition,with its own leader and "shadow cabinet".美国部分Unit 1 P1231.What are the characteristics of "Middle America", geographically, culturally, andpolitically?美国中部的地理、文化、政治特点？P115Geographically, the Middle America refers to the territory between the East Coast of the United States (particularly the northeast) and the West Coast. It has yielded some of America's greatest agricultural and mineral wealth,is the heart of America.Culturally, America is contrasted with the more culturally progressive urban areas of the country, particularly, those of the East and West Coasts. The conservative values considered typical of Middle America (often called "family values" in American politics) are often called "Middle American values".The idea of Middle America may exclude locations such as Chicago (the third largest city in the United States and one of the world's ten alpha cities) and very wealthy cities like Aspen, Colorado. The coastal regions of the southern United States are implicitly included.Politically, The phrase Middle American values is a political cliché; like family values, it refers to more traditional or conservative politics, although larger cities such as St. Louis, Missouri and Minneapolis, Minnesota, and major university towns such as Madison, Wisconsin, Columbia, Missouri and Lawrence, Kansas provide exceptions. Many of the political battleground states are situated in "Middle America".2.What makes the Northeast stand out as a unique cultural region?美国东北部独特的文化区域？P119the Northeast of America is densely populated and high urban, and it's the nation's economic and cultural center. Since this area was one of the two earliest settlements by British colonists, Americans tend to trace many of the nation's core values to theregion. One of the region's greatest strengths in its economic competition with other regions is its long tradition of support for education. Additionally, the region has also enjoyed a long history of booming tourism industry, both for its beautiful landscape and for its significant role in shaping the early part of American history.Unit 2 P1433.What do you think of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America?Were they great ?你怎么看待美国的开国元勋？他们获得哪些伟大的成就？America has produced such great men as George Washington,Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln. Undoubtedly, the Founding Fathers of the United States of America made great contributions to the US. All served in important positions in the early government of the United States. They also put forth a set of political ideas that became so deeply embedded in the national consciousness that they are often referred to as the "American Credo".4.What were the main reasons that made the United States the world's leadingindustrial power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?19到20世纪美国位于世界工业霸权的地位的主要原因？P128A Yankee tradition of trade and commerce that provided both the skill and the capital required for industrial expansion; a commitment to private property and the profit system that gave the Rockefellers , the Morgans , and the Carnegies the incentive to build corporate empires ; an abundant and skilled labour supply ; political institutions ......P130第一段全部5. What were the chief causes of the Great Depression? Did the New Deal solve the problems brought about by the Depression? Why and why not?大萧条的主要原因？新政解决大萧条问题了吗？P132The chief causes can be found in the unbalanced economy both domestic and international of the twenties.The New Deal didn't solve the problem itself. The New Deal was a series economic programs to help alleviate the disastrous impact of the Great Depression. The programs focused on three aspects, including relief for the unemployed and poor, recovery of the economy to normal levels and reform the financial system to prevent a repeated depression.小测Part 1: True or False1. The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions —England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. F Northern Ireland英国由四个政治区组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰P32. The longest river in Britain is the Thames. F the Severn英国最长的河流是赛文河P73. In the UK, most undergraduate (bachelor’s) degrees take three years to complete. T在英国，大多数本科（学士）学位需要三年才能完成P964. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts. F只有英格兰人才能可盎格鲁—萨克逊人only The English is Anglo-Saxons P135. Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property. F英国的社会阶层更注重金钱和财产6. The name “England” derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who came to England in the 5th and 6th centuries. T“英国”的名字来自于盎格鲁，在第五和第六世纪中来到英国的日耳曼部落中的一个P137. The Bank of England is a commercial bank. F英国银行是一家国家中央银行the country’s central bank P678. The members of House of Lord are non-elected. T上议院的成员是非选举产生的P459. More than half of the full-time farms in the UK are devoted to livestock. T超过一半的英国全日制农场从事畜牧业P6510. The UK’s biggest-selling newspaper is The Times. F英国销量最大的报纸是太阳报The Sun P10411. The UK Parliament comprises two elements: the House of Lord and the House of Commons. F英国议会由三个部分组成：王权、上议院和下议院The Crown、the non-elected House of Lord and the elected House of Commons P4512. Social Security in U.K. is mainly supported by the government.F英国的社会保障主要是由纳税机构支持的。
英语国家概况期末考试题型及范围答案
期末考试题型及范围Part I True or False (10%) 来自整本书课后习题Part II M ultiple Choice (10%)来自整本书课后习题Part II I Reading Comprehension (30%) 课外Part IV Vocabulary (20%) 来自课本英国部分和美国部分Part V Explanations (10%) 十选二Give explanation to the following terms.1．Anglo-Saxons :They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century.They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.2. The House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives(Members of Parliament) make and debate policy.These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of people who vote for them .3. The Bill of Rights of 1689In 1689,King JamesⅡ's daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne,on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament.The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.4. the Cabinet of the UKThe Cabinet consists of usually 20 most senior ministers. Ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.Ministers are responsible collectively to Parliament for all Cabinet decisions;individual Ministers are responsible to Parliament for the work of their departments.5. Constitutional MonarchyIt is a political system that has been practised in Britain since the Glorious revolution of 1688. According to this system, the Constitution is superior to the Monarch. In law, the Monarch has many supreme powers, but in practice, the real power of monarchy has been greatly reduced and today the Queen acts solely on the advice of her ministers. She reigns but does not rule. The real power lies in the Parliament, or to be exact, in the House of Commons. 6. The New DealIn order to deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Deal program. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of American economy.7. the Civil Rights Act of 1964The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is considered to be the most far-reaching act on civil rights in modern times, forbidding discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender and national origin. It’s the result of a strong CivilRights Movement in the 1960s. The act added protections for the rights to vote, to use public facilities and to enjoy the same education as white people.It also contained provisions guaranteeing equal employment opportunities. 8. The US Federal systemIt is a system of government in which has two layers of rule. There is central or federal government for the nation which alone has the power to answer questions that affect the nation as a whole. There are also state and local governments. Each layer of government has separate and distinct powers laid down in the Constitution.9. Comprehensive schoolsComprehensives schools take pupils without reference to ability or aptitude and provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district.10. the Gettysburg AddressThe Gettysburg Address refers to the short speech made by President Lincoln when he dedicated the national cemetery at Gettysburg. He ended his speech with the government of the peopled, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth’Part VI Questions (20%) 八选二State your understanding of the following questions in at least 80 words for each.1.What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways.First,its industrial productivity increased dramatically.Britain became the most advanced industrial country in the world.Second,urbanization took place.Many new cities sprang up.Third,it caused great changes in the social class structure.The capitalist class became the most important force in the country and the proletariat class emerged.2.What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the post-warperiod?Britain’s economy experienced a relative decline in the post-war period for several reasons.First,Britain suffered great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the wars.Second,the era of the British Empire was over by the mid-20th century.India and other British colonies,which provided raw materials and large markets for British goods,gained independence.Third,Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of the 1960s.What’s more,Britain had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and the U.N. Security Council.Finally,Britain failed to invest in industry after World WarⅡ,whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up by investing in industry.3.What are the general features of Britain's independent schools?Britain’s independent schools require fees from students.Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system,most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get theirfunding through the private sector as well as tuition fees,with minimal government assistance. Since they are generally better funded than most state schools,they are likely to recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities.However,the high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll although graduates of independent schools are more likely to be accepted by famous universities.4.What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other.Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.5.What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.In the North,with the development of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.6.What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars,America remained neutral in the early stage.However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.Therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.7.How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about theAmerican election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency.To win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.The general election is technically divided into two stages.During the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President.Since the second stage is only a kind of formality,everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.And,the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.8.Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America'seconomic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development.In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history.President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis.Besides,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession.The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,In all,the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.。
《英语国家概况》期末复习资料
《英语国家概况》期末复习资料UKUTIL11. The British Isles are made up of ______C_.A. three large islands and hundreds of small onesB. three large islands and dozens of small onesC. two large islands and hundreds of small onesD. two large islands and dozens of small ones2. Which of the following is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain?----C----A. England.B. Scotland.C. Northern Ireland.D. Wales.3. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the __B_____ and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north4. The Republic of Ireland was totally independent in the year __D_____.A. 1920B. 1945C. 1918D. 19495. The highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis, lies in __A____.A. the HighlandsB. the Southern UplandsC. the Central LowlandsD. the Lake District6. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in ___B_______.A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19507. The mountain system the Pennines is often called the backbone of __A_____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Great BritainD. Ireland8. The regional capital of Northern Ireland is ____D___.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. Belfast9. Which of the following statements about the climate in Britain is NOT true?-----B-------A. Britain’s climate is of the maritime type.B. Winters in Britain are extremely cold.C. Summers in Britain are cool.D. Britain is warmer than Harbin in winter.UTIL21. The English people and the English language were born from the union of _____D___.A. the Angles and the SaxonsB. Romans and the Norman FrenchC. Danes or Vikings and the Norman FrenchD. Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons2. The first known settlers of Britain were __A_____.A. the IberiansB. the Beaker FolkC. the CeltsD. the Romans3. About 80,000 Scots speak Gaelic which is an ancient ___D______.A. Scottish languageB. English languageC. Irish languageD. Celtic language4. About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War II. They are mainly from the West Indies, India and ___D_______.A. IndonesiaB. SingaporeC. Hong KongD. Pakistan5. In Britain _______ of the population is urban and __A_____ is rural.A. 90% ; 10%B. 80% ; 20%C. 70% ; 30%D. 60% ; 40%6. The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient ___A_______.A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Britons7. The average population density in Britain is ___A___ people per square kilometer.A. 250B. 370C. 800D. 5008. During the 5th century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic ____D_____ invaded and conquered Britain.A. Angles and CeltsB. Angles and PictsC. Angles and BrythonsD. Angles and Saxons9. The upper class in Britain consists of the following except ___D______.A. peerageB. gentryC. landownersD. professionals10. “Britishness”can be reflected in the following except __D_______.A. Union JackB. conservativenessC. the BeatlesD. Thanksgiving DayUTIL31. In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against William’s army on Senlac field near ___D_____.A. LondonB. NormandyC. StandfordD. Hastings2. The Plantagenet Dynasty was founded by ___B______.A. HenryB. Henry IIC. King JosephD. Count of Anjor3. English Reformation was carried out by __B_____ to change the religion in England from Catholicism to Protestantism.A. Edward VIB. Henry VIIIC.Mary ID. Elizabeth I4. King John was forced by the barons to sign the ___D____ which restricted the King’s power.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter5. Simon de Montfort’s reform is considered to be the beginning of English _A______.A. parliamentB. cabinetC. constitutionD. liberty6. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as ___A____.A. Lord ProtectorB. Lieutenant GeneralC. Commander of the New Model ArmyD. President7. William of Orange started Constitutional Monarchy by accepting __A_____ in 1689.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter8. The 1851 London Great Exposition was held in the Crystal Palace which was designed by Queen ____C___’s husband Albert.A. MaryB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Anne9. The British Prime Minister who led the British to defeat Nazi Germany is ___A____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. MacDonaldD. Macmillan UTIL41. The British constitution is made up of the following EXCEPT ____A_______.A. Commonwealth lawB. statute lawC. common lawD. ancient documents2. The House of Commons is elected by universal suffrage and has about ___A________ Members of Parliament.A. 650B. 660C. 670D. 6803. British Conservative Party was formerly called __B_____ Party in the 18th century.A. WhigB. ToryC. LiberalD. Nationalist4. The United Kingdom is governed in the name of ____D_______, by ___________.A. the King; the Prime MinisterB. the Queen; the Prime MinisterC. the Prime Minister; His or Her Majesty’s GovernmentD. the Sovereign; His or Her Majesty’s Government5. ___A_____ is the “supreme governor”of the Church of England.A. The monarchB. The Archbishop of YorkC. The Archbishop of CanterburyD. The Roman Pope6. In Britain the citizens aged ____B________ or over have the right to vote.A. 16B. 18C. 21D. 307. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______A______ by the Sovereign inthe United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House8. The Liberal Democratic Party is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and ______C_______.A. the Conservative PartyB. the Labour PartyC. the Liberal PartyD. the Green Party9. Parliament has the following functions EXCEPT ___C_________.A. making lawB. authorizing taxation and public expenditureC. declaring warD. examining the actions of the governmentUTIL51. All criminal trials are held in open court because the criminal law presumes the __C_____ of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.A. guiltB. impartialityC. InnocenceD. honesty2. In England, Wales, and Northern Island, people between the age of ___A______ and 70 whose names appear on the electoral register are liable for jury service and their names are chosen at random.A. 18B. 19C. 20D. 213. The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 in England, Wales and Northern Island, and ___D________ in Scotland.A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 154. Whether the accused is guilty or innocent is decided by ___B______.A. the policemenB. the juryC. the judgeD. the sheriff5. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the Scotland is ___A______.A. the Supreme Court of the United KingdomB. the Court of AppealC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the House of Lords6. In England and Wales the highest judicial appointments are made by the Queen on the advice of __C______.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Home SecretaryC. the Prime MinisterD. the Attorney General7. Criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be tried in ___C_________.A. the Magistrates’Co urtB. the Court of AppealC. the High CourtD. the Crown Court8. The three “lay”magistrates that make up a Magistrates’Court in Britain are known as ___A______.A. Justices of the PeaceB. stipendiary magistratesC. Justices of LawD. part-time magistrates9. The most serious criminal offences in Scotland are tried in _____C_____.A. the District CourtB. the Sheriff CourtC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the Crown Court UTIL61. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of __B_____.A. Adam SmithB. John Maynard KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx2. Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experienced __B____.A. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression3. Which of the fo llowing is NOT true of Britain’s agriculture?-----D-------A. British farming is highly mechanized.B. Agriculture in Britain is intensive.C. British farming is very efficient.D. Britain’s agriculture can produce enough food for itspeople.4. In Britain less than ___A_____ of the population are farmers.A. 2%B. 4%C. 6%D. 10%5. In the ___C___ Britain became a net exporter of oil.A. 1960sB. 1970sC. 1980sD. 1990s6. To stimulate economic recovery, the Thatcher Government carried out all the following policies but __B____.A. privatizationB. interventionismC. deregulationD. market liberalization7. Britain is the _D___ largest trading nation in the world.A. thirdB. fourthC. fifthD. sixth8. British oil fields were discovered on the __D_____.A. English ChannelB. Irish SeaC. Norwegian SeaD. North Sea9. Which of the following is not included in the new industries in Britain?-----D----A. Microprocessors.B. Computers.C. Biotechnology.D. Motor vehicles. UTIL71. The National Health Service (NHS) was established in the United Kingdom in ___C______.A. 1946B. 1947C. 1948D. 19492.____B____ is directly responsible for the NHS.A. Local governmentB. Central governmentC. V oluntary organizationsD. Certain social boards3. In Britain, children up to the age of ____D__ can receive family allowances for children.A. 11B. 12C. 15D. 164. In Britain, pensions for the elderly, or retirement benefits, begin for women at the age of ___C_____.A. 50B. 55C. 60D. 655. In England the NHS is managed by the __B______.A. Department for Work and PensionsB. Department of HealthC. Social Security AgencyD. Social Services Department6. The National Health Service in Britain provides a full range of medical services for __C_____.A. employeesB. residents aged between 18-60C. every residentD. residents aged over 607. Social Security in the UK is the government’s most expensive program, costing __C___ of public funding.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%8. A family doctor in Britain is also known as a __C____.A. general doctorB. general pharmacistC. general practitionerD. family practitioner9. In 2001 people in marriage accounted for __B_____ of the adult population in Britain.A. 60%B. 55%C. 50%D. 45%10. Houses have traditionally been divided into following types EXCEPT __D____.A. detached houseB. semi-detached houseC. terraced houseD. attached house UTIL81.____B____ is the largest of the Free Churches.A. The BaptistsB. The Methodist ChurchC. The Roman Catholic ChurchD. The Church in Wales2. Established Churches in Britain are _____D______.A. Church of England and Church of WalesB. Church of Wales and Church of ScotlandC. the Anglican ChurchesD. Church of England and Church of Scotland3. The Free Churches do NOT include ___A______.A. the Church of EnglandB. the Methodist ChurchC. the Baptist ChurchD. the United Reformed Church4. The principal non-Christian communities in Britain are ___D____.A. the MoslemsB. the BuddhistsC. the HindusD. the Jews5. The Church of Scotland is a ___C_____ church.A. MethodistB. BaptistC. PresbyterianD. Catholic6. In Great Britain, the ____A_______ is uniquely related to the Crown.A. Church of EnglandB. Church of ScotlandC. Church of IrelandD. Church of Wales7. The members of ____D___ in Britain have also been known as dissenters or nonconformists.A. the Anglican ChurchB. the Church of EnglandC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Free Churches8. The Church of England has two provinces. They are ___A_____.A. Canterbury and YorkB. London and YorkC. Durham and CanterburyD. London and Winchester UTIL91. There are some __C_____ universities in Britain, including the Open University.A. 70B. 80C. 90D. 1002. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the _____A________ centuries.A. 12th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16th3. The usual age for transfer from primary to secondary schools is ____D_________ in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.A. 14B. 13D. 114. In Britain, private schools are often called ___D___.A. comprehensive schoolsB. grammar schoolsC. secondary modern schoolsD. independent schools5. In Britain, higher education is usually defined as advanced courses of a standard higher than ____B____ or equivalent.A. GCE O-LevelB. GCE A-LevelC. GCE AS-LevelD. GCSE6. In Britain, education at primary levels emphasizes the following EXCEPT ____D________.A. readingB. writingC. arithmeticD. science7. The following universities belong to “red-brick”universities EXCEPT ____D_____.A. University of LeedsB. University of LiverpoolC. University of ManchesterD. University of Glasgow8. The leading scientific society in Britain is ___D_____.A. the British Association for the Advancement of ScienceB. the Royal InstitutionC. the British AcademyD. the Royal Society1. The largest and the most important museum in Britain is _____A_______.A. the British MuseumB. the Victoria and Albert MuseumC. the Imperial War MuseumD. the National Gallery2. Britain’s mo st popular pastime is ____B________.A. reading newspaperB. watching TVC. playing footballD. horse racing3. The Times is a _____A_______ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. quality SundayD. mid-market daily4. The Daily Mirror is a ____B_____ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. popular SundayD. mid-market daily5. Football has its traditional home in ___A________.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. FranceD. Italy6. ______C_______ is the most typical English sports.A. FootballB. RugbyC. CricketD. Horse racing7. Of the following four sports, _____A________ has the longest history.A. cricketB. golfC. footballD. rugby8. The Beatles was a band formed by four boys from ____B_____.A. ManchesterB. LiverpoolC. LondonD. EdinburghUSAUTIL11. The United States of America is the ____D________ country in the world in size.A. largestB. second-largestC. third-largestD. fourth-largest2. ____B________ extend from the northern tip of Maine southwestern to Alabama.A. The Rocky MountainsB. The Appalachian HighlandsC. The Coast MountainsD. The Blue Mountains3. The climate of the United States is influenced by ____D________.A. the Atlantic and Pacific OceansB. the Gulf of MexicoC. the Great LakesD. All of the above4. What is the leading commercial crop of the south?-----B-----A. Cotton.B. Tobacco.C. Sugar cane.D. Rice.5. What Midwestern city is the automobile capital of the world?---B-----A. Chicago.B. Detroit.C. Milwaukee.D. Cleveland.6. One of the most important lakes in the United States is __A_______, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake MichiganC. Lake HuronD. Lake Ontario7. New England lies in ___C_______ of the United States.A. the northern partB. the southern partC. the northeastern partD. the southeastern part8. The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a ____D_______ climate.A. subtropicalB. continental desertC. maritimeD. Mediterranean9. The smallest state in the United States is ____B_______.A. WashingtonB. Rhode IslandC. HawaiiD. Maryland10. In the United States, the largest city along the Pacific coast is ____A_______.A. Los AngelesB. San FranciscoC. SeattleD. PortlandUTIL21. The British established 13 colonies along __C_______.A. the west coast of North AmericaB. the west coast of South AmericaC. the east coast of North AmericaD. the east coast of South America2. In the early 1850s, with the westward movement, the slavery became a serious political issue endangering the unity of the country because ___A______.A. whether or not slavery would expand into the future states formed as a result of the westward movement would affect the balance of power in the SenateB. the South insisted that slavery should be allowed to spread into all new territoriesC. the North refused to let slavery spread into new territoriesD. the North wanted to put an end to slavery3. The Progressive Movement wanted to ___A_____ in order to stop big business control.A. initiate strict government regulationB. have the government fix pricesC. break up all the big businessesD. do away with rebates4. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of _____D_______ .A. cultural revivalB. loss of purposeC. development in science and technologyD. material success and spiritual frustration5. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and 1930s was first brought about by _____D________.A. bank failuresB. serious unemploymentC. farm foreclosuresD. the stock market crash6. The purpose of the New Deal measures was to ___A_______.A. save American democracy and the capitalist systemB. check the worsening of the economic situationC. help people tide over the difficultyD. increase American export7. On June 5, 1947, ___A_____ suggested that the U.S. should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion.A. George MarshallB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. George KennanD. Harry Truman8. At the time of Cuban Missile Crisis, the President of the U.S. was _____C_______.A. TrumanB. EisenhowerC. KennedyD. Johnson9. New Frontier and Great Society were programs initiated by __C_____.A. President KennedyB. President JohnsonC. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson respectivelyD. Presidents Johnson and Kennedy respectively10. The conservatism during Reagan’s administration was known as _____B________.A. the New LeftB. the New RightC. the New FrontierD. the New Freedom UTIL31.The current situation of African-Americans presents ___C____.A. a favorable pictureB. a negative pictureC. a mixed pictureD. a positive picture2. Although discrimination has been legally abolished, ___D_____.A. discrimination in employment still existsB. discrimination in university admission still existsC. poverty rate of the blacks is the highest among all racial and ethnic groupsD. inequality and subtle discrimination still exist3. The Cuban-Americans mainly live in __A____.A. FloridaB. TexasC. LouisianaD. Alabama4. Some people say Asian-Americans owe their success to the Asian tradition of the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. familyB. hard workC. educationD. discrimination5. Now about 80% to 90% of immigration to the United States is from ___A____.A. Asian and Hispanic countriesB. African countriesC. European countriesD. Central and South American countries6. The first immigrants in American history came from ______A____.A. England and the NetherlandsB. IrelandC. West GermanyD. East Europe7. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, the largest group is __B_____.A. the Puerto RicansB. the Mexican-AmericansC. the Cuban-AmericansD. the Central and South American immigrants8. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, ___B_____ have the highest social status.A. the ChicanosB. the Cuban-AmericansC. the Puerto-RicansD. the Latin American immigrants9. The Native Americans are ___A_______.A. the IndiansB. the whitesC. the blacksD. the HispanicsUTIL41. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in ____D____.A. all kinds of casesB. cases involving foreign citizensC. cases involving a stateD. Both B and C2. Political parties are the basis of the American political system, ___D______.A. but there is no provision in the Constitution for political partiesB. and the Constitution has clear provisionC. but the founding fathers had strong apprehension of political partiesD. Both A and C3. The two major parties today have ___C___ differences in policy concentration.A. noB. littleC. someD. great4. The writers of the Constitution worked out the checks and balances in order to __A_____.A. prevent the government from misusing its powerB. prevent the government from being strongC. pacify those who opposed the ConstitutionD. meet the demands of small states5. The President of the United States is elected _D____.A. indirectly by the electorsB. by CongressC. directly by the votersD. None of the above.7. The U.S. President’s appointments have to be approved by ____B____.A. the House of RepresentativesB. the SenateC. the CabinetD. the Supreme Court8. The Supreme Court of the United States consists of one Chief Justice and _C_____ Associate Justices.A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 109. The two major political parties in the United States are __D_____.A. the Democratic Party and the Labor PartyB. the Federalist Party and the Democratic PartyC. the Federalist Party and the Republican PartyD. the Democratic Party and the Republican Party10. The U.S. Congress has the power to override the president’s veto by a _A____ majority.A. 2/3B. 3/4C. 3/5D. 4/5UTIL51. The United States ranks ___A_____ in the world in the total value of its economic production.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth2. The following are the factors that have contributed tothe development of the U.S. economy EXCEPT _____C_____.A. the vast space and resources of the landB. the ideals of freedom and economic opportunityC. English as its national languageD. hard work by the people3. What is America’s most important food crop?----A-----A. Corn.B. Rice.C. Barley.D. Oat.4. Service industries account for more than ___D______ of the U.S. gross domestic product.A. a thirdB. halfC. two thirdsD. three fourth5. The westward expansion is a demonstration ofAmerican __A______.A. individualismB. patriotismC. liberalismD. expansionism6. Hamilton believed that the United States should pursue economic growth through the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. shippingB. manufacturingC. bankingD. slavery7. With the arrival of the 20th century, the United States became increasingly urbanized, particularly in the ____A_____ cities.A. NortheastB. NorthwestC. SoutheastD. Southwest8. The American South is a center of the following traditional crops EXCEPT ___D______.A. tobaccoB. cornC. cottonD. wheat9. As the world’s leading maker of industrial goods, the U.S. now produces around ___B______ of the world’s industrial products.A. 20%B. 25%D. 35%10. In the United States, the following areas tend to specialize in high-tech and computer industries EXCEPT ___B_____.A. NortheastB. MidwestC. NorthwestD. SouthwestUTIL61. The American social security system includes the following programs EXCEPT ___C______.A. OASDHIB. MedicareC. MedicaidD. Unemployment Compensation2. Americans may start receiving their pensions at the age of __C_______.A. 55B. 60C. 65D. 703. The main federal welfare programs in the USA consist of the following programs EXCEPT___D______.A. MedicaidB. AFDCC. Food StampsD. Medicare4. Which of the following belongs to the religious welfare organization?----C---A. NCH.C. CCHD. D. Ford Foundation.5. Among private foundations, which has become increasingly prominent in private charity activity?---D-----A. Rockefeller Foundation.B. Ford Foundation.C. Buffett Foundation.D. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.6. Which of the following statement is NOT true about American health care services?----D----A. A sizable number of Americans still remain uninsured.B. The U.S. has top-quality medical facilities.C. Medicaid covers only about 40 percent of the poor nationwide.D. Compared with other developed countries, the United States spends less on health care.7. According to the healthcare reform proposed during the Obama administration, the government will require most Americans to have health insurance by ___D____.A. 2011B. 2012C. 2013D. 20148. Homes and houses give Americans the following sense EXCEPT ____D____.A. possessionB. material satisfactionC. personal identificationD. freedom UTIL7.1. There are currently ___D_____ district courts in the United States.A. 52B. 54C. 92D. 942. There are currently __B_____ courts of appeals in the United States.A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 133. ___C_______ argues cases for the government before the Supreme Court.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. Solicitor GeneralD. President of the United States4. District judgeships are filled by the President with the consent of ___C______.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. the SenateD. the House of Representatives5. Generally, the trial jury consists of ____B___ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－306. Generally, the grand jury consists of ___C____ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－307. The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and ___B____ associate justicesA. 7B. 8C. 9D. 108. In the United States, people between the ages of __A_____ are the most inclined age group to commit crimes.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－549. In some urban areas in the United States, murder is the main cause of death among non-White males between the ages of ____C____.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－5410. As a rule, the implementation of state law is carried out by the police and detectives in the city, and by __D_____ in rural areas.A. sheriffsB. constablesC. magistratesD. both A and BUTIL81. To many Americans, education is important because _____D________.A. it contributes to the success of individualsB. it contributes to the strengthening of national strengthC. it prepares the young people for future developmentD. Both A and B 2. In the United States, public schools at the elementary and secondary level are _____D_________.A. freeB. compulsoryC. open to allD. Both A and C3. American schools fall into two categories, namely, _____A__________.A. public and private schoolsB. academic and vocational schoolsC. coeducation and single sex schoolsD. national and state-run schools4. In the United States, education policies are made by ______B________.A. the federal governmentB. the state board of educationC. local school districtD. board of trustees5. The governing board of school district is responsible for ______D_________.A. the hiring of teachers and staff。
英语国家概况复习
英语国家概况复习英语国家概况期末考试题型一、填空（20*1=20）二、单项选择（15*1=15）三、判断对错（15*1=15）四、名词解释（5*2=10）五、简答（4*5=20）六、论述（2*10=20）说明：以下是考试范围。
判断和单项选择就是书后面的内容。
填空题也从这两个部分里面出。
名词解释、简单题、论述题都是出自课文后的名词解释和问题。
True or False1. The United Kingdom and Northern Island is located in northern Europe.2. The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions----England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland.3. England is one of the two large islands in the British Isles.4. The British Isles are made up of three large island and hundreds of small ones.5. Wales lies on the east coast of the island of Great Britain.7. In Scotland, rugged mountains, green valleys, and deep, blue lakes provide some of the most beautiful scenery in Europe.8. Britain?s longest river is the Thames.9. The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh in northwest England.11. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts.14. Compared with the rest of the world, the UK has a smaller percentage of older people and a higher percentage of younger people.16. Scottish Gaelic is the official language in Scotland.18. English people all strive to free themselves of regional or local accents in order to sound like educated English-speaking people.19. Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property.21. The successful Roman invasion took place in 43 AD, headed by the Emperor Julius Caesar. 23. The Magna Carta set out the rules which were to form the basis for the Parliament which operates in England today.24. The Black Death ravaged England, carrying off three fourths of the population.27. Queen Mary was a follower of the Church of England and was determined to take England once again a Protestant country.34. A general election may be called by the government at any time but must be within four years of the previous one.35. The House of Lords is the second chamber where changes in law can be made.36. The party which wins the second largest munber of seats in the House of Lords becomes theofficial Opposition.38. The Speaker is a member who is acceptable to all shades of opinion in the House of Lords.39. The two major parties in Britain today are the Conservative Party and the Liberal Democratic Party.40. Ministers in Britain cannot be elected Members of Parliament at the same time.43. In Scotland, all appeals are heard by three or more judges of the High Court of Justiciary. 45. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of the Lord Chancellor.47. The House of Lords is the court of last resort for most instances of UK law.48. The Lord chancellor is the highest court officer in Britain.52. John Maynard Keynes was an influential American economist.53. A strong opponent of the policies of the Labor Party, Margaret Thatcher worked to increase government control over the British economy.55. The area between London and South Wales is often referred to as Britain?s “Silicon Glen”.56. Britain imports chiefly manufactured products and exports mostly raw materials.58. The value of Britain?s exports of goods usual ly exceeds the value of its imports.59. Today, the City of London is the center of London where government departments are located.60. The trade union movement in Britain has become stronger these years because of changes in the structure of employment.65. General Practitioners receive fees based on the number of individuals who register with them as patients.66. The nuclear family accounts for a majority of households and has increased in recent years.67. In Northern Ireland, the needs of those in difficulty are met by local authorities, who draw upon funds provided by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP).68. Eye tests and dental treatments in NHS hospitals are freeof charge.69. Personal social services refer to the provision of financial support for the people in difficulty.70. Most British people now live in detached houses.71. In the UK, more than half of the Christians attend worship on regular basis.72. Christian was first introduced into Britain by St. Augustine in the 6th century of the church of England.74. The supreme Governor of the Church of England is the Archbishop of Canterbury.75. Canterbury Cathedral is used for the Coronation of all British Monarchs.77. The Church of Scotland is the established church in Scotland and is subject to state control.78. The Baptist Union of Great Britain is the largest of the free churches in Britain.80. Since the United Kingdom guarantees its citizens religious freedom without interference from the states or the community .religion in Britain is separated from politics.83. Thanks to the 1988 Education Reform Act ,the UK has since provide universal and free state primary and secondary education.84. The Secretary of State for Education is responsible for public spending on schools.85. The Department of Education and Science is primarily responsible for public spending on schools.86. In the UK, public schools are public-funded.87. Universities and higher education colleges in the UK enjoy academic freedom, appoint their own degrees, decide which students to admit and are financially self-reliant.91. People in the UK spend about most of the free time in the pub．92. The Royal National Theatre often performs in Stratford-upon-Avon，Shakespeare's birthplace．93. With the emergence of the Beatles，the Rolling Stones，and the Who，British popularmusic Jed the world from the early 1980s．95. The UK's biggest-selling newspaper is The Times．97. The national sport of the UK is rugby．98. Cricket is popular in all the four home nations．101. The United States stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Pacific Ocean In the east．103. The Appalachian region is both complicated and varied，containing not only some of the highest mountains in North America，but also a vast expanse of intermontane basins, plateaus，and isolated ranges．104. Western Washington and Oregon receive plenty of rain and Central California is noticeably drier in winter．106. Washington D．C．is located in the Southern States Region and is also part of a state. 110. Hawaii has the largest land area of all the states，and Alaska has one of the smallest land areas．114. When many thousands of Southerners saw the victory of Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 election as not simply a political defeat but also a threat to all southern institutions and the southern way off life，they decided to secede from the Confederacy．115. The Progressive Movement was a well—organized，unified movement，demanding government regulation of economy and social condition．117. The Stock Market collapse occurred in 1928 in the United States．118. The Truman Doctrine referred to military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey．119. Nixon was the second president in American history 10 resign from the highest office of the nation．120. The black-white racial chasm in post-Civil—Rights-Movement America was highlighted by the savage beating of Martin Luther King by white police officers in 1992．121. In the United States，the major source of population growth is the rising birth rate．122. In the United States，African Americans remain the largest minority group.124. Hispanics have a low school dropout rate．125. Many of the Chicanos are farmers．128. The first Asians to arrive in the United States in significant numbers were the Japanese．129. Today，American Indians are only allowed to live on reservations．131. The Constitution of the United States , after its ratification，has never been revised．132. According to the Constitution, the federal government is responsible, for addressing questions that affect the nation as a whole as well as individual stares．134. The government is divided into four branches: the legislative ,the presidency，the bureaucracy and the judiciary.136. Candidates for the presidency can only be chosen by political parties.137. The president has great executive but no legislative power138. Congressmen serve a term of six years while senatorsserve a term of two years.139. The Democrats are thought of as associated with business, Anglo-Americans, and the rich．140. The number of Senators from each state is based upon its population．Multiple Choices1. The British Isles are made up of .A. three large islands and hundreds of small onesB. three large islands and dozens of small onesC. two large islands and hundreds of small onesD. two large islands and dozens of small ones2. Which of the following is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Northern IrelandD. Wales3. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north4. The Republic of Ireland became independent in the year .A. 1920B. 1945C. 1918D. 19495. The highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis, lies in .A. the HighlandsB. the Southern UplandsC. the Central LowlandsD. the Lake District6. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in .A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19507. All the following are natural zones in Scotland, except .A. Highlands in the northB. the Central lowlandsC. the Eastern lowlandsD. the Southern uplands8. The mountain system the Pennines is often called the backbone of .A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Great BritainD. Ireland9. The regional capital of Northern Ireland is .A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. Belfast10. Which of the following statements about the climate in Britain is NOT true?A. Britain?s climate is of the maritime typeB. Winters in Britain are extremely coldC. Summers in Britain are coolD. Britain is warmer than Harbin in winter11. The English people and the English language were born from the union of .A. the Angles and the SaxonsB. Germanic conquerors and the Norman FrenchC. Danes or Vikings and the Norman FrenchD. Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons12. The first known settlers of Britain were .A. the IberiansB. the Beaker FolkC. the CeltsD. the Romans13. About 80,000 Scots speak Gaelic which is an ancient .A. Scottish languageB. English languageC. Irish languageD. Celtic language14. About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War II. They are mainly from the West Indies, India and .A. IndonesiaB. SingaporeC. Hong Kong, ChinaD. Pakistan15. In Britain of the population is urban and is rural.A. 90%; 10%B. 80%; 20%C. 70%; 30%D. 60%; 40%16. The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient .A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Britons17. The average population density in Britain is people per square kilometer.A. 205B. 370C. 800D. 50018. During the fifth century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic invaded and conquered Britain.A. Angles and CeltsB. Angles and PictsC. Angles and BrythonsD. Angles and Saxons19. The upper class in Britain consists of all the following except .A. peerageB. gentryC. landownersD. professionals20. “Britishness” can be reflected in all the following except.A. Union JackB. ConservativenessC. the BeatlesD. football21. In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against William?s army on Senlac field near.A. LondonB. NormandyC. StandfordD. Hastings22. The Plantagenet dynasty was founded byA. HenryB. Henry IIC. King JosephD. Count of Anjor23. English Reformation was carried out by to change the religion in England from Catholicism to Protestantism.A. Edward VIB. Henry VIIIC. Mary ID. Elizabeth I24. King John was forced by the barons to sign the which restricted king?s power.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter25. Simon de Montfort?s reform is considered to be the beginning of English.A. parliamentB. cabinetC. constitutionD. Liberty26. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as .A. Lord ProtectorB. Lieutenant GeneralC. Commander of the New Model ArmyD. President27. William of Orange started Constitutional Monarchy by accepting in 1689.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter28. It was during the reign of that the name Great Britain came into being in 1707.A. ElizabethB. Henry VIIIC. CharlesD. Anne29. The 1851 London Great Exposition was held in the Crystal Palace which was designed by Queen …s husband Albert.A. MaryB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Anne30. The British Prime Minister who led the British to defeat Nazi Germany is .A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. MacdonaldD. Macmillan31. The British constitution is made up of the following EXCEPT .A. Commonwealth lawB. statute lawC. common lawD. European Community Law32. The House of Commons is elected by universal suffrage and has Members of Parliament.A. 650B. 651C. 659D. 66033. British Conservative Party was formerly called Party in the 18th century.A. WhigB. ToryC. LiberalD. Nationalist34. The United Kingdom is governed in the name of , by .A. the King; His Majesty?s GovernmentB. the Queen; Her Majesty?s GovernmentC. the Sovereign; Prime MinisterD. the Sovereign; His or Her Majesty?s Government35. is the “supreme governor” of the Church of England.A. The monarchB. The Archbishop of YorkC. The Archbishop of CanterburyD. The Roman Pope36. In Britain the citizens aged or over have the right to vote.A. 16B. 18C. 21D. 3037. The House of Common is headed by .A. the Prime MinisterB. the SpeakerC. the Lord ChencellorD. the Monarch38. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House39. The Liveral Democratic Party is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and .A. the Conservative PartyB. the Labor PartyC. the Liveral PartyD. the Green Party40. Parliament has the following functions EXCETPA. make lawB. authorizing taxation and public expenditureC. declare war and making peaceD. examining the actions of the government41. All criminal trials are held in open court because the criminal law presumes the of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyonbd reasonable doubt.A. guiltB. impartialityC. innocenceD. honesty42. In England, Wales, and Northern Island, people between the ageof and 70 whose names appear on the electoral register are liable for jury service and their names are chosen at random.A. 18B. 19C. 20D. 2143. The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 in England, Wales and Northern Island, and in Scotland.A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 1544. Whether the accused is guilty or innocent is decided byA.the policemenB. t he juryC. t he judgeD.the sheriff45. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the Scotland isA. t he Supreme Court of the United KingdomB. t he Court of AppealC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the House of Lords46. In England and Wales the highest judicial appointnents are nade by the Queen on the advice of .A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Home SecretaryC. the Prime MinisterD. the Attorney General47. Criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be tried in .A. the Magistrates? CourtB. the Court of AppealC. the High CourtD. the Crown Court48. In Scotland, are primarily civil law courts.A. Magis trates? CourtsB. County CourtsC. Crown CourtsD. District Courts49. The three “lay” magistrates that make up a Magistrates? Court in Britain are known as .A. justices of the peaceB. stipendiary magistratesC. justices of lawD. part-time magistrates50. The most serious criminal offences in Scotland are tried in .A. the District CourtB. the Sheriff CourtC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the Crown Court51. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of .A. Adam SmithB. John Maynard KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx52. Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experiencedA. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression53. Which of the following is NOT true of Britain?s agriculture?A. British farming is highly mechanized.B. Agriculture in Britain is intensive.C. British farming is very efficient.D. Britain?s agriculture can produce enough fo od for its people.54. In Britain less than of the population are farmers.A. 2%B. 4%C. 6%D. 10%55. In the Britain became a net exporter of oil.A. 1960sB. 1970sC. 1980sD. 1990s56. The following financial institutions have their headquarters in LondonEXCEPT .A. LIoyds TSBB. BarclaysC. Royal Bank of ScotlandD. HSBC57. To stimulate economic recovery, the Thatcher Government carried out all the following policies butA. privatizationB. interventionismC. deregulationD. market liberalization58. Britain is the largest trading nation in the world.A. thirdB. fourthC. fifthD. sixth59. British oil fields were discovered on theA. English ChannelB. Irish SeaC. Norwegian SeaD. North Sea60. Which of the following is NOT included in the new industries in Britain?A. microprocessorsB. computersC. biotechnologyD. motor vehicles61. The National Health Service was established in the United Kingdom in .A. 1946B. 1947C. 1948D. 194961. is directly responsible for the NHS.A. Local governmentB. Central governmentC. V oluntary organizationsD. Certain social boards62. In Britain, children up to the age of can receive family allowances for children.A. 11B. 12C. 15D. 1663. In Britain, pensions for the elderly, or retirement benefits, begin for women at the age of .A. 50B. 55C. 60D. 6564. In England the NHS is managed by the .A. Department for Work and PensionsB. Department of HealthC. Social Security AgencyD. Social Services Department65. The National Health Service in Britain provides a full range of medical servicesfor .A. employeesB. residents aged between 18—60C. every residentD. residents aged over 6066. Social Security in the UK is the government?s most expensive program, costing approximately of public funding.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%67. A family doctor in Britain is also known as a .A. general doctorB. general pharmacistC. general practitionerD. family practitioner68. In 2001 people in marriage accounted for of the adult population in Britain.A. 60 %B. 55%C. 50%D. 45%69. Houses in Britain have traditionally been divided into the following types EXCEPT .A. detached houseB. semi-detached houseC. terraced houseD. attached house70 is NOT among the Anglican Church.A. The Church of EnglandB. The Episcopal Church ScotlandC．The Baptists D. The Church of Scotland71 is the largest of the Free Churches.A．The Baptists Union B. The Methodist ChurchB. T he Roman Catholic Church D. The Church in Wales72 Established Churches in Britain are .A. the Church of England and the Church of WalesB. t he Church of Wales and the Church of ScotlandC. t he Anglican ChurchesD. the Church of England and the Church of Scotland73 The Free Churches do NOT includeA. the Church of EnglandB. the Methodist ChurchC the BaptistsD . the United Reformed Church74 The principal non- Christian communities in Britain areA. the MoslemsB. the Methodist ChurchC . the Hindus D. the Jews75 The Church of Scotland is a church.A. MethodistB. BaptistC. PresbyterianD. Catholic76 In Great Britain, the is uniquely related to the Crown.A. the Church of England B .the Church of ScotlandC. the Church of IrelandD. the Church of Wales77 The members of in uniquely to the Crown.A . the Anglican Church B. the Church of ScotlandC. the Roman Catholic Church D . the Free Church of Wales80 The Church of England has two provinces .They are .A. Canterbury and York B .London and Yorkc. Durham and Canterbury D. London and Winchester81 There are universities , including the Open University in Britain.A .70 B. 80 C.90 D.10082 The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the centuries.A. 12th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC .14th and 15thD .15th and 16th83 The usual age for transfer from primary schools is in England ,Wales and Northern Ireland .A .14B .13C .12 D.1184 are independent schools in Britain.A. Comprehensive schoolsB. Grammar schoolsC . Secondary modern schools D. Public schools85 Secondary education in is basically selective.A .EnglandB . ScotlandC .WalesD . Northern Ireland86 Harrow School is .A .grammar schoolB .secondary modern schoolC . public schoolD . comprehensive school87 .In Britain, higher education is usually defined as advanced courses of a standard higher than .A. GCE O-LevelB.GCE A-LevelC. GCE ?AS? LeverD.GCSF88 In Britain, education at primary levels emphasizes all the following EXCEPT .A. readingB. writingC. arithmeticD. science89 The following universities belong to “red-brick”universities EXCEPT.A. University of LeedsB. University of LiverpoolC. University of ManchesterD. University of Glasgow90 The leading scientific society in Britain is .A. the British Association for the Advancement of ScienceB. the Royal InstitutionC. the British AcademyD. the Royal Society91 The largest and the most important museum in Britain is .A．the British Museum B. the Victoria and Albert MuseumC. the Imperial War MuseumD. the National Gallery92 Britain?s most popular pastime is.A．reading newspaper B．watching TVC．playing football D．horse racing94 The Times is a newspaper in Britain．A．quality daily B．popular dailyC．quality Sunday D．mid．market daily95 The Daily Mirror is a newspaper in BritainA quality daily B．popular dailyC．popular Sunday D．mid．market daily96 is the most read Sunday newspaper in Britain．A．The Mail on Sunday B．Sunday MirrorC. The News of the World D．The Observer97 Football has its traditional home in .A．England B．ScotlandC．France D．Italy98 is the most typical English sport．A．Football B．RugbyC．Cricket D．Horse racing99 Of the following four sports，has the longest historyA. cricketB. golfC. footballD. rugby100 The Beatles was a band formed by four boys from ．A. Manchester B . LiverpoolC. London D．Edinburgh101 The BBC is financed principally by ．A. the GovernmentB. an annual television license feeC. advertising／commercialsD. both B and C102 The United States of America is the country in the world．A．1argest B．second-largest C．third-largest D．fourth-largest103 extend from the northern tip of Maine southwestwards to Alabama.A．The Rocky Mountains B．The Appalachian HighlandsC．The Coast Mountains D．The Blue Mountains104 The climate of the United States is influenced by ．A．the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans B．the Gulf of MexicoC．the Great Lakes D．All of the above105 What is the leading commercial crop of the South?A．Cotton．B．T obacco．C．Sugar cane. D．Rice106 Which Midwestern city is the automobile capital of theworld?A．Chicago．B．Detroit．C．Milwaukee．D．Cleveland107 One of the most important lakes in the United States is ，which is the largest fresh water lake in the world．A．Lake Superior B．Lake Michigan C．Lake Huron D．Lake Ontario108 New England lies in of the United States．A．the northern part B．the southern partC．the northeastern part D．the southeastern part109 The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a climate．A．subtropical B．continental desert C．maritime D．Mediterranean110 The smallest state in the United States is ．A．Washington B．Rhode Island C．Hawaii D．Maryland111 In the United States，the largest city along the Pacific coast is .A．Los Angeles B．San Francisco C．Seattle D．Portland112 The British established 13 colonies along ．A. the west coast of North America B．the west coast of South AmericaC．the east coast of North America D．the east coast of South America113 In the early 18S0s,with the westward movement, the slavery became a serious political issue endangering the unity of the country because ．A．whether the future states formed as a result of the westward movement should be free from slavery would affect the balance of power in the SenateB．the south insisted that slavery should be allowed tospread Into all new territoriesC .the north refused let slavery spread into new territoriesD .the north wanted to put an end to slavery114 The Progressive Movement wanted t0 in order to stop big business controlA．initiate strict government regulation B．have the government fix pricesC．break up all the big businesses D．do away with rebates 115 The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of ．A．cultural revival B．loss of purposeC．development in science and technologyD．material success and spiritual frustration116 The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and 1930s was first brought about by ．A．bank failures B．serious unemploymentC．farm foreclosures D．the stock market crash117 The purpose of the New Deal measures was toA．save American democracy and the capitalist systemB．check the worsening of the economic situationC．help people overcome the difficultyD．increase American export118 On June 5，1947, suggested that the U．S．should offer economic aidWestern Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion．A．George Marshall B．Franklin D. RooseveltC．George Kennan D．Harry Truman119 At the time of Cuban Missile Crisis，the President of the U．S．was ．A．Truman B．Eisenhower C．Kennedy D．Johnson120 New Frontier and War on Poverty were programs initiated by ．A．President KennedyB．President JohnsonC．Presidents Kennedy and Johnson respectivelyD．Presidents Johnson and Kennedy respectively121 The conservatism during the Reagan administration was known as ．A．the New Left B．the New RightC．the New Frontier D．the New Freedom122 The current situation of African-Americans presents .A．a favorable picture B．a negative pictureC．a mixed picture D. an encouraging picture123 Although legal，official discrimination has been abolished, .A．discrimination in employment still existsB．discrimination in university admission still existsC．poverty rate of the blacks is the highest among aD．inequality and subtle discrimination still exist124 Cuban—Americans mainly live in ．A．Florida B．Texas C．Louisiana D．Alabama125 Some people say Asian-Americans owe their success to the Asian tradition of the following EXCEPT ．A．family B．hard workC．education D．avoidance of discrimination126 Now about 80％to 90％of immigration to th6 United States is from .A．Asian and Latin American countries B．African countries C．European countries D. Central and South American。
英语国家概况期末复习题
英语国家概况期末复习题英语国家概况（2）期末复习题一．Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F):( ) 1. New Zealand is made up of a large group of islands.( ) 2. In size, New Zealand is similar to Japan plus the British Isles.( ) 3. Most of New Zealanders live cities and towns with more people living is the South Island than the South Island.( ) 4. Maori people have given up their cultural tradition and have adopted many aspects of western life.( ) 5. New Zealanders are keen to get involved in environmental protection.( ) 6. The question "What is an American?" was first asked by J. Hector St. John de Crevecoeur.( ) 7. Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492.( ) 8. The first English permanent settlement was founded in California. .( ) 9. Massachusetts was established by English puritans who separated themselves from theRoman Catholic Church.( )10. The state of Pennsylvania used to be inhabited by the Quakers.( )20. According to the author, larger universities are always better, and more desirable universities are always more expensive.( )21. The two biggest political parties in Canada are the Reform Party and theLiberal Party.( )22. The Constitution Act was introduced by Brian Mulroneyto ensure Canadians' legalrights.( ) 23. The Meech Lake Accord was set to recognize Quebec as a "distinct society". ( ) 24. It was Pierre Trudeau's government that signed the NAFTA.( )25. Jean Chretien introduced the Bilingualism Act to promote the respect, understandingand preservation of different cultures in Canada.( ) 26. The Progressive Conservative Party and the Reform Party merged into the ConservativeParty in 2003.( )27. The first computers were enormous in size and consumed great quantities of electricity.( )28. Radio was a place where lots of advertisements were placed for products to feed a growing consumerism in America merging after World War l.( ) 29. The original idea was to connect computers was for educational and commercial uses.( ) 30. What motivated most scientists and engineers in America to develop an atomic bomb in the first place was to prevent Japan from using such adevice.( )31. The Internet is a global set of documents, images and other resources andrefers to all of the publicly accessible websites in the world.( )32. The Apollo 11 mission landed men on the moon for the first time in human history.二. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers thequestion:( ) 1. The Head of State of New Zealand is _______.A. the Prime MinisterB. the Governor-GeneralC. the British monarchD. the Ombudsman ( ) 2. Which of the following is NOT a function of Parliament?A. Enacting laws .B. Supervising the government's administration.C. Receiving petitions from citizens.D. Forming a government.( ) 3. Public servants are officials working in government departmentsA. whose appointments are independent of political process.B. whose appointments are determined by government ministers.C. who will lose their positions when the government changes.D. who are members of the party in power.( ) 4. The three levels of local government are____________.A. regional councils, District Courts and community boardsB. the High Court, District Courts and Dispute TribunalsC. regional councils, territorial authorities and community boardsD. regional councils, city councils and community boards( ) 5 Which of the following is true about the private schools in New Zealand?A. They provide distance education.B. They mainly admit students with special educational and developmentaldifficulties.C. They are often not co-educational.D. They mainly teach religious courses.( ) 6. Which of the following is NOT one of the major exports of New Zealand?A. Dairy products.B. Fish.C. Wool.D. Oil. ( ) 7 . Which of the following is NOT one of the major imports of New Zealand?A. Fruit.B. Machinery.C. Vehicles.D. Mineral fuels. ( )8. New Zealand's trade has______ of exports going to Pacific Rim members of theAPEC grouping.A. 90%B. 70%C. 50%D. 30%( )9. The first factory in the United States was a cotton textile mill in Pawtucket, in the stateof ____ .A. New YorkB. Rhode IslandC. ConnecticutD. Georgia( )10. The "American system" of mass production was first used inA. car industryB. textile industryC. firearms industryD. agriculture( )11. The United States had the first standard paper currency in _.A. 1839B. 1880C. 1863D. 1913( )12. In which year was the United States rated No.1 in terms of production capacity in the world?A. 1920.B. 1950.C. 1945.D. 1960.( )13. Which of the following is NOT considered as part of the service industry?A. Banking.B. Management consultation.C. Airline.D. Steelmaking.( )14. A historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March on Washington of August28,1 963 when _ delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech.A. John F. KennedyB. President JohnsonC. Martin Luther King, Jr.D. Mario Savio( )15. In January 1965, President Johnson declared "__" to eliminate poverty "by openingto everyone the opportunity to live in decency and dignity."A. war against VietnamB. war on povertyC. war against JapanD. New Frontier program ( )16. Unlike Martin Luther King, __ the chief spokesperson of Black Muslims advocatedviolence in self defense and black pride.A. Malcolm XB. Stokely CarmichaelC. Ella BakerD. James Farmer( )17. During the early stages of the civil rights movement, the major integration strategy initiated by the Congress of Racial Equality was known as __ tointegrate interstate buses and bus stations in the South.A. free speechB. sit-ins at lunch countersC. teach-ins at interstate train stationsD. freedom rides( )18. Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of India's leader Gandhi,____was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.A. John F. KennedyB. James FarmerC Ella BarkD Martin Luther King, Jr( )19. Which of the following expressions represents the core value of the mainstream society in the USA?A. "Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."B. "Blood, sweat, and toil."C. "Freedom, equality, and spirituality."D. "Eat, drink, and be merry." ( )20. Which of the following was President Franklin D. Roosevelt's main concern?A. Health care.B. Personal freedom.C. Material wealth.D. Social justice. ( )21. According to the author, the mosaic metaphor for American image has one fatal flaw. What is it?A. America did not decay.B. America is highlydemocratic.C. America is not open to change.D. America is excessivelyindividualistic.( )22. The Internet has several characteristics that reflect life in the USA today.Which one is NOT?A. No one is reliably in charge.B. The WWW has no center.C. Each individual is responsible for what he or she takes seriously.D. People can freely download MP3 music.( )23. Which of the following institutions is responsible for the making of the Internet?A. The US military.B. The US entertainmentindustry.C. The US film industry.D. The US educationsector.( )24. Which of the following statements about Canada is true?A. Canada has the highest standard of living in the world.B. Canada is the second biggest economy among the G-7.C. Contrast to its physical size, Canada has a small population.D. Unlike the United States, Canada has scarce natural resources.( )25. Which of the following about the north region is NOT true?A. The north is a scarcely populated area of ice and oceans.B. Most of the inhabitants are Aboriginal people.C. The north has rich oil and gas deposits.D. People in this region depend only on arts and crafts for living.( )26. Where is Lake Louise located?A. In the northern Arctic tundra.B. On the Canadian-Americanborder.C .On the east coast D. In the Rockies.( )27. What is the economic mainstay of British Columbia?A. The forestry industry.B. The hydroelectric industry.C. Mining industry.D. Manufacturing industry. ( )28. Which of the following is NOT one of the prairie provinces?A. Alberta.B. Saskatchewan.C. New Brunswick.D. Manitoba.( )29. What is the other official language besides English in Canada?A. German.B. Japanese.C. French. .D. Finnish.( )30. In the late 19th century, Chinese labourers came to Canada to .A. work as farmers and minersB. build the railroad。
整理英语国家概况期末考试题型及复习要点
英语国家概况期末考试题型及复习要点I.Fill in the blanks。
(20 points，1 point for each）II.Multiple choice questions。
（20 points，1 point for each）III.True or False。
(10 points，1 point for each）IV.Explain the following terms：(25 points，5 points for each)V.Answer the questions。
（25 points, 5 points for each）填空、选择和判断正误部分：关注所学英美国家内容中的重点史实和重要知识要点。
名词解释部分：1.British CommonwealthAlso known as the Commonwealth of Nations.a)It is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain.b)It was established in 1931, replacing the former British Empire。
c)Member nations are joined together economically and have certain trading arrangements。
d)Today there are about 50 member countries within the Commonwealth2. Lake PoetsThe Lake Poets are a group of English poets who all lived in the Lake District of England and were inspired by it to create romantic works at the turn of the 19th century。
英语国家概况期末复习
人物与历史文献USTea Act 茶税法The Treaty of Paris 巴黎公约1783年美英两国于巴黎签订的条约同样成为《巴黎条约》，该条约的签订代表着英国承认美国独立，停止敌对行为，但仅承认美国占领密西西比河以东的土地。
第二次大陆会议(The Second Continental Congress) 费城(Philadelphia)召开George Washington 乔治·华盛顿: commander in Continental Army«美利坚合众国宪法»（The Constitution of the United States），通称«美国联邦宪法»或«美国宪法»（U.S. Constitution）1787年宪法Thomas Jefferson托马斯·杰斐逊:The Declaration of Independence «独立宣言»Abraham Lincoln亚伯拉罕·林肯:the Emancipation Proclamation «解放黑人奴隶宣言»Homestead Act «宅地法»Franklin D. Roosevelt富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福: The New Deal罗斯福新政1933年富兰克林·罗斯福就任美国总统后所实行的一系列经济政策，其核心是三个R：救济（Relief）、复兴（Recovery）和改革（Reform），因此有时也被称为三R新政。
Agricultural Adjustment Act «农业调整法»National Industrial Recovery Act «全国工业复兴法»«社会保障法»马丁．路德．金恩(Martin Luther King)Civil Rights Movement 民权运动我有一个梦想(I Have a Dream)Harry Truman哈瑞．杜鲁门:杜鲁门主义The Truman Doctrine马歇尔计划（The Marshall Plan），也称为欧洲复兴计划European Recovery ProgramReagan里根: Star Wars Program 星球大战计划Irangate Scandal 伊朗门事件Nixon尼克松: Watergate Scandals 水门事件Bill Clinton 克林顿: Zippergate ScandalUK«大宪章»：Magna Carta / The Great Charter 1215年King John 国王约翰to impose legal limits on the King's personal power in raising money from his subjects «权力请愿书»: The Petition of Right 1628年Charles 查理一世第29页«权利法案» :Bill of Rights 第32页The treaty of Paris 1763年第32页概念搭配UK1、ConstitutionA constitution is a set of rules and conventions that lays down the powers and functions of state institutions and their relationship with each other.2、The cabinetThe major decision-making body in the government, is often associated with the office of the Prime Minister.3、Tribunal (法院，仲裁机构)A more informal and less expensive alternative to civil and criminal courts, which handles minor cases outside of the official court system.4、The Lord Chancellor（英国上议院的）大法官The Lord Chancellor is head of the judiciary (司法部，法院)in England and Wales.5、The social security systemIt is designed to secure a basic standard of living for people in financial need from the cradle to the grave.US1、Congress (国会)The legislative branch of the federal government ,is made up of the Senate and the House of Representative.2、The Supreme CourtConsists of a chief justice and eight associate justices.问答题英国部分Unit 3 P411. Who were the main foreign invaders of Britain at different times in British history? What contributions have they respectively made to the British culture, or what impacts have they had? 英国历史上不同时期主要的外国侵略者？及对英国的文化贡献或影响？P13(1)Julius Caesar 凯撒大帝(55BC) Hadrian’s Wall Words of Latin origins, Roman numbers, the solar calendar, Roman laws, and the census人口普查 ['sensəs] took root locally. Christianity spread(2)Germanic tribesmen 日耳曼人developed the Heptarchy, ['heptɑːkɪ]七王国；七头统治；七国连盟established Old English(3)Anglo-Saxon盎格鲁-撒克逊Christianity gained hold in Britain(4)Normans 诺曼人made Norman feudalism封建主义；封建制度['fjuːdəlɪz(ə)m]2. What was the social background for the Reformation to take place in England? What major achievements did the Elizabethan [i,lizə'bi:θən] 伊丽莎白一世时代的era ['ɪərə] witness?英格兰革新的社会背景？伊丽莎白一世见证的成就？P28In the Middle Ages, the Church had gained not only material importance, but also extensive power in politics and law. ﹙P28﹚Elizabeth: Putting to rest the religious issues;Reducing the power of the old nobility;Reaching farther than before through trade and adventure;Defeating Armada at sea Cultural and artistic movements (the English Renaissance) 3. How did the English Civil War break out? What were the consequences of the war?英国内战如何爆发？结果如何？P29The absolute rule of Charles I aroused the resistance of the people and the bourgeoisies. Charles took conteraction. He wanted to arrest Pym, Hampden and three other leaders of the Commons, but he failed to do so. So, he departed for the north, hoping to find supporters in the west and north districts. Thus the Civil War began. Consequences: The King Charles’s arm was defeated. Charles I was beheaded. In 1649, the House of Lords and the office of King were abolished and a Council of State was set to carry the executive work of the government, and England was declared a Commonwealth.Unit 4 P504. What are the characteristics of the British Constitution ?英国宪法的特点？P43(1)Constitutional monarchy ['mɒnəkɪ] 君主立宪制(2)Parliamentary sovereignty ['sɒvrɪntɪ] 议会至上(3)Representative democracy 代议民主(4)The rule of law ﹝P43﹞5. What are the functions of Parliament? How does the law-making process work?议会的功能是什么？法律制定工作是如何运行的？P44(1)To legislate立法(2)To vote the taxation 征税and expenditures [ɪk'spɛndɪtʃɚ] 支出of thegovernment(3)To examine government policies and administration 行政(4)To debate major political issues of the day （P45）6. What is meant by the “two-party system” in the UK today? How effective is such a system ?英国两党制在今天有何意义？这种制度如何起作用？P48The British party politics of government in the UK Parliament with power being held by either Conservative Party or Labour Party. The party which wins most MP seats in the House of Common becomes the goverment. The largest minority party becomes the official Opposition,with its own leader and "shadow cabinet".美国部分Unit 1 P1231.What are the characteristics of "Middle America", geographically, culturally, andpolitically?美国中部的地理、文化、政治特点？P115Geographically, the Middle America refers to the territory between the East Coast of the United States (particularly the northeast) and the West Coast. It has yielded some of America's greatest agricultural and mineral wealth,is the heart of America.Culturally, America is contrasted with the more culturally progressive urban areas of the country, particularly, those of the East and West Coasts. The conservative values considered typical of Middle America (often called "family values" in American politics) are often called "Middle American values".The idea of Middle America may exclude locations such as Chicago (the third largest city in the United States and one of the world's ten alpha cities) and very wealthy cities like Aspen, Colorado. The coastal regions of the southern United States are implicitly included.Politically, The phrase Middle American values is a political cliché; like family values, it refers to more traditional or conservative politics, although larger cities such as St. Louis, Missouri and Minneapolis, Minnesota, and major university towns such as Madison, Wisconsin, Columbia, Missouri and Lawrence, Kansas provide exceptions. Many of the political battleground states are situated in "Middle America".2.What makes the Northeast stand out as a unique cultural region?美国东北部独特的文化区域？P119the Northeast of America is densely populated and high urban, and it's the nation's economic and cultural center. Since this area was one of the two earliest settlements by British colonists, Americans tend to trace many of the nation's core values to theregion. One of the region's greatest strengths in its economic competition with other regions is its long tradition of support for education. Additionally, the region has also enjoyed a long history of booming tourism industry, both for its beautiful landscape and for its significant role in shaping the early part of American history.Unit 2 P1433.What do you think of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America?Were they great ?你怎么看待美国的开国元勋？他们获得哪些伟大的成就？America has produced such great men as George Washington,Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln. Undoubtedly, the Founding Fathers of the United States of America made great contributions to the US. All served in important positions in the early government of the United States. They also put forth a set of political ideas that became so deeply embedded in the national consciousness that they are often referred to as the "American Credo".4.What were the main reasons that made the United States the world's leadingindustrial power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?19到20世纪美国位于世界工业霸权的地位的主要原因？P128A Yankee tradition of trade and commerce that provided both the skill and the capital required for industrial expansion; a commitment to private property and the profit system that gave the Rockefellers , the Morgans , and the Carnegies the incentive to build corporate empires ; an abundant and skilled labour supply ; political institutions ......P130第一段全部5. What were the chief causes of the Great Depression? Did the New Deal solve the problems brought about by the Depression? Why and why not?大萧条的主要原因？新政解决大萧条问题了吗？P132The chief causes can be found in the unbalanced economy both domestic and international of the twenties.The New Deal didn't solve the problem itself. The New Deal was a series economic programs to help alleviate the disastrous impact of the Great Depression. The programs focused on three aspects, including relief for the unemployed and poor, recovery of the economy to normal levels and reform the financial system to prevent a repeated depression.小测Part 1: True or False1. The United Kingdom consists of four political divisions —England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland. F Northern Ireland英国由四个政治区组成：英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰P32. The longest river in Britain is the Thames. F the Severn英国最长的河流是赛文河P73. In the UK, most undergraduate (bachelor’s) degrees take three years to complete. T在英国，大多数本科（学士）学位需要三年才能完成P964. The English, the Scots, and the Welsh are Anglo-Saxons, but the Irish are Celts. F只有英格兰人才能可盎格鲁—萨克逊人only The English is Anglo-Saxons P135. Social class in the UK lays more emphasis on money and property. F英国的社会阶层更注重金钱和财产6. The name “England” derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who came to England in the 5th and 6th centuries. T“英国”的名字来自于盎格鲁，在第五和第六世纪中来到英国的日耳曼部落中的一个P137. The Bank of England is a commercial bank. F英国银行是一家国家中央银行the country’s central bank P678. The members of House of Lord are non-elected. T上议院的成员是非选举产生的P459. More than half of the full-time farms in the UK are devoted to livestock. T超过一半的英国全日制农场从事畜牧业P6510. The UK’s biggest-selling newspaper is The Times. F英国销量最大的报纸是太阳报The Sun P10411. The UK Parliament comprises two elements: the House of Lord and the House of Commons. F英国议会由三个部分组成：王权、上议院和下议院The Crown、the non-elected House of Lord and the elected House of Commons P4512. Social Security in U.K. is mainly supported by the government.F英国的社会保障主要是由纳税机构支持的。
英语国家概况期末内容总结
英语国家概况期末内容总结Introduction:The United Kingdom (UK) is a country located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. It is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The UK has a rich history, diverse culture, and strong economy. This overview will delve into various aspects of the UK, including its geography, history, economy, politics, education, and cultural heritage.I. Geography:The UK is composed of the island of Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. It has a temperate maritime climate, characterized by mild winters and cool summers. The landscape is diverse, ranging from rolling hills and fertile farmlands to rugged mountains, such as the Scottish Highlands. Major rivers include the Thames and the Severn.II. History:The UK has a fascinating history that spans thousands of years. It was once part of the Roman Empire and later saw the arrival of Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, and Normans. It became a major global power during the colonial era and played a central role in both World Wars. The British Empire at its height spanned territories across the globe. The UK experienced industrialization in the 18th and 19th centuries, which led to significant social and economic changes.III. Economy:The UK has one of the world's largest economies, with a strong service sector that includes finance, healthcare, education, and creative industries. It is renowned for its financial hub in London, known as the City. Other important sectors include manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism. The UK is a member of the European Union, although in 2016, it voted to leave the EU, a process commonly referred to as Brexit.IV. Politics:The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. The monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, serves as the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The UK Parliament consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The political landscape is dominated by two major political parties: the Conservative Party and the Labour Party.V. Education:The UK is renowned for its prestigious universities, including Oxford and Cambridge. It has a highly regarded education system, offering a wide range of options from primary totertiary education. The UK is home to numerous cultural institutions and museums, enriching the overall educational experience. The country also promotes lifelong learning, with various adult education programs available.VI. Cultural Heritage:The UK has a rich cultural heritage that encompasses literature, music, art, and sport. It has produced renowned authors like William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, and J.K. Rowling. The music scene has also thrived, with iconic bands and artists such as The Beatles, Queen, and Adele. The UK's art galleries, museums, and theaters are renowned worldwide. Additionally, sport, particularly football, plays a central role in British culture.Conclusion:The United Kingdom is a country of immense historical, cultural, and economic significance. It has played a pivotal role in shaping world history and has contributed significantly to various fields of knowledge and art. With its diverse landscapes, rich heritage, and strong economy, the UK continues to be a prominent nation on the global stage.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Unit 1 UK著名景点Big Ben 大本钟2、Tower Bridge(crosses the River Thames; close to the Tower of London; symbol of London ) 3、Westminster Abbey ( Gothic church in the City of Westminster,London; Coronation and burial site for British monarchs.) 4、Red Double Decker Bus (mass transit)英国基本知识1、constituent parts ⇨ England/ Scotland/ Northern Ireland/ Wales(国旗)2、the national anthem(国歌)⇨ God save the queen3、The national Emblem⇨4、National flower⇨ Rose (Wars of the Roses - civil wars (1455-1485) between the royal house of Lancaster ( red rose) and the royal house of York (white rose).)5、地理位置6、Full name⇨The "United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland".（The British Isles不列颠岛; Great Britain; UK ; Commonwealth）7、Three political divisions（行政区域）: England, Scotland, and Wales.8、Commonwealth⇨ A free association of sovereign states comprising Great Britain and a number of its former dependencies ; united as ‘free and equal members’.9、CapitalEngland(London); Scotland(Edinburgh); Wales(Cardiff);Northern Ireland(Belfast) 10、Backbone of England⇨ Pennine11、Ben Nevis⇨ the highest mountain in UK. 1343m12、North Ireland⇨ National flower: Irish clover (三叶草)；Lough Neagh (the largest lake in UK) ; industrious; agricultural13、Rivers and lakes⇨1. The Severn River(longest river; from the mountain of Wales to the Bristol Channel) 2. The Thames River (Main source of London’s water supply;Second longest river in Britain; Costwold Hills--North Sea)3. The Clyde River (The most important river in Scotland)4. Lake District 5. Lough Neagh（The largest lake in Britain (396 square kilometers), Northern Ireland.）14、The climate in Britain⇨pea souper 超级浓雾Unit2 UK1、the first settler⇨ The Iberian(伊比利亚人)2、Stonehenge(巨石阵)⇨was a place of healing center；The most important monument left by Iberian；There are about 80 stones, and each is five meters tall.3、The Celtic language⇨ the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic(盖尔语) (Irish,Scotish).4、Hadrian ’s Wall5、7th century Heptarchy（七国联盟）⇨(Wessex; Sussex; Kent; Essex; East Anglia; Mercia; Northumbria)6、Viking pirates(维京海盗) ⇨ Vikings from Denmark；established somesmall kingdoms；Northern and eastern England7、The Norman Conquest(1066)⇨ The Normans that invaded England in 1066 came from Normandy in Northern France.8、Black Death(名词解释)⇨was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague(腺鼠疫), an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas ；in Europe; reduce England’s population from 4 million to 2 million9、Linguistic compositionEngland⇨1.Origin: Germanic (Anglo, Saxon,Jutes)nguage:English (union of Norman French and language of Anglo-Saxons); Cockney Wales⇨1.Origin:Celts nguage:English; Welsh (1/5; in north and west; the most flourishing of the Celtic languages).Scotland ⇨1.Origin:Highlanders (Celts) Lowlanders (Anglo –Saxon) nguage:English Scottish Gaelic, 2%Northern Ireland ⇨1.Origin:Celts nguage:English; Irish Gaelic10、Cockneys(伦敦腔)⇨ The dialect or accent of the natives of the East End of London.Unit 3 UK1、The House of Normans⇨ on Dec. 25, 1066 ; The Battle of Hastings; after the death of Edward the Confes2、The consequences of Norman Conquest⇨ 1. Feudal system completely established. 2. Norman government. 3. Relation with the continent opened.4.Civilization and commerce extended.5. Norman French culture, language, manners and architecture introduced.6. Church courts separated from the civil courts.3、the first king of the House of Plantagenet(1154)⇨ Henry II4、The king of Lackland⇨ King John(the feudal nobility and the leading Church figure, 1215); sign the Magna Carta5、The Hundred Years’ War(1337-1453)⇨ between France and England6、Wat Tyler’s Uprising/ Peasants’ Revolt（农民起义）⇨ in 1381; Cause: resentment over the poll tax; finance a war with France; In London, the peasants forced King Richard II to make several concession; Tyler was struck down; The major part of rebellion was crushed7、The War of Rose(1455 - 1485) ⇨ the House of Lancaster V.S. the House of York ; Henry Tudor defeated Richard II; United the two house8、The first king of Tudor⇨ Henry VII ;9、The Enclosure movement(圈地运动)⇨ fast development clothing industry→more wool was needed→sheep-farming(enclosure movement)→capital→ capitalism 10、Henry VIII ⇨ the English Reformation started in the region of Henry VIII for his marriage issue.11、Milestone(里程碑) of Elizabeth I ⇨ 1. Balance the protestants and Catholics 2. Her government was effective in reducing the power of old nobility, expending the power of her government, and effecting common law and administration throughout England. 3. Reached further through trade&adventure, new land, material, food 4. 1599, arena of world trade and colonization.12、English Revolution/ Civil War(英国革命)(1625--1649)⇨ Charles I ; King V.S. Parliament; Monarchy replaced Commonwealth13、Oliver Cromwell⇨ 1.defeated Charles I 2.Under his lead, the Parliament controlled most of England by 1646 Lord Protector14、The Glorious Revolution(光荣革命)⇨ James II → France; Parliament invited Mary II and William to take the throne; William and Mary were crowned as joint rulers.15、James Watt⇨ Scottish inventor , made vast improvements to the steam engine, making it practical for large-scale industrial use.16、The Chartist Movement(宪章运动)⇨ Political reform movement, 1838--1848; London Working Men’s Association sponsored; suffrage(选举权) for all male citizens over age 21; Large public meetingUnit 4 UK1、Constitutional Monarchy(君主立宪制)⇨ a monarch acts as head of state and his/ her power is legally bound by constitution.2、Constitution⇨ A constitution is a set of rules and conventions that lays down the powers and functions of state institutions and their relationship with each other.3、Sources of Constitution⇨1.Conventions ( rules and practices that do not exist legally, but regarded as vital to the working of government习惯法) 2.Statute law(laws passed by the Parliament at various times in response to particular situations成文法) mon law (laws set up by common practice in court普通法; A body of rules based on community customs and previous court decisions 法官在下乡所积累成的判决内容，即为日后判决的法律渊源，而形成共同的法律依据; can be amended or repealed by Parliament )4、“Divine right of Kings”⇨ The ancient doctrine held that the sovereign derived his authority from God ；an excuse for abusing power.5、Functions of the Monarch⇨ A. In law(The permanent head of state ；The commander-in-chief ；The temporal head of Anglican Church)B.In practice（She reigns, but does not rule ；Her role in state affairs: ceremonial and symbolic）6、Parliament ⇨a parliamentary democracy (民主议会制): Britain is arguably the oldest parliamentary democracy in the world. The government is elected by the people and governs according to British constitutions.7、Parliament ⇨ The supreme legislative body in the UK. The House of Lords meet the House of Commons;8、The elements of parliament⇨The Crown, the House of Lords, and House of Commons; 9、The life of parliament⇨ 5 years10、Functions of Parliament⇨ 1. Legislation（Create, abolish, amend laws）2. pass laws proposed by the government 3. voting for taxes and expenditure of the government 4. exam the government policy, administration & expenditure 5. Debates major political issues of the day11、The differences between Parliament and government ⇨Government (The government runs the country, known as the Executive; Government runs the country and is responsible to the parliament ) ; Parliament (Parliament is the highest legislative authority in the UK, also known as the Legislature ; Parliament represents the people)12、Origin of the Cabinet⇨The king or queen met regularly with a group of Parliamentarians, which became known as the Cabinet. (The Cabinet ministers wereappointed by the sovereign, and they had to have enough support in the House of Commons)13、The House of Commons ⇨ elected14、Central Government ⇨A. The Privy Council枢密院B. The Cabinet C. The Prime Minister D. Shadow Cabinet 影子内阁E. Ministers15、The Privy Council 枢密院⇨ An advisory institution; originally a committee of the monarch's closest advisors to give confidential advice on affairs of state16、The Cabinet ⇨ (is the committee at the center of the British political system and is the supreme decision-making body in government.) Function⇨ policy-making ; the coordination of government departments ; the supreme control of the government17、No. 10 Downing Street⇨residence ; workplace ; Receives foreign guests.18、The Shadow Cabinet⇨The next largest party in the Commons forms a “shadow”cabinet whose members are responsible for criticizing government ministers and formulating opposition policies.19、Major Political Parties⇨Conservative Party(1679 / old / From Tories / Right wing party, private enterprise and freedom from state control / Supporters: middle& upper-middle class People of higher position) ; Labor Party(1990 / young / From Whig / Left wing party, nationalized industries, exercised control over private industries to revive the primary industries /Supporters: working class and common people relatively poor or underprivileged) ; Liberal Party.20、Margaret Thatcher (1979-1990) —The Iron Lady ⇨Recent Prime Ministers from the Labor Party21、First past the post (FPTP or FPP) ⇨an election determined by the highest polling candidate(s).Unit 5 UK1、Two branches of law⇨1.Civil law (governs the relationships andtransactions between private parties such as compensation for loss or damage.)2.Criminal law (mostly involves the rules laid down by the state for citizens and acts punishable by the state, such as theft and murder)2、The Court System⇨3、Court of appeal上诉法院⇨Civil Division (民事法庭)；Criminal Division(刑事法庭)4、House of Lords⇨ The House of Lords is in the supreme executive body of the law. 上议院是英国最高的法院5、Scotland Yard⇨is often used to refer to the Metropolitan Police Service of London, UK. 苏格兰场、英国首都伦敦警务处总部Unit 8 UK1、The relationship between government and religion in Britain⇨ 1. The state supports the church in Economic and Political ways. 2.The church supports the state to reign the country, and it makes the king the authority. It does contribute to the unification of the UK. 3.The church also helps in legislation.2、Main Branches of Christianity⇨1. Roman Catholicism 大为搭 2. Orthodox Christianity丛棋搭3. Protestantism 擅搭3、Conflicts & Division between the Roman Catholic and Protestantism⇨ Reasons:English monarchs1. --- were jealous of the expanded power and wealth of the English church 2. --- resented the dominant influence of Rome in national affairs 3. --- Henry VIII, then , argued (a) he, not the pope : the supreme legal authority, (b) English church & its courts should be allegiant to him only.4、The Church of England⇨It was separated from the Roman Catholic church in 1534 with the Act of Supremacy; the mother church of the worldwide communion (宗教团体); Its head is the king or queen of Britain; Parliament has a voice in its organization and rituals5、Structure of Church⇨1.(Elizabeth II is the Supreme Governor of the Church of England. )2. Church of England→Two Provinces (大教区) led by Archbishops（大主教）→43 Dioceses (主教教区) led by Bishops （主教）→Parishes（教区）led by Priests（牧师）6、The Church of Scotland⇨the leaders are the ministers(牧师)and elders；Follow the teaching of Calvin; Independent of all parliamentary supervisionUnit9 UK1、Some Facts⇨pulsory, 5 to 16; 2.The leaving age,18, by the Education and Skills Act 2008; 3.Expenditure on education public funds. 3.9:00am –4:00 pm ；4.The academic year in England: September July；3 terms, 8 weeks2、Types of Schools classified according to their financial source in Britain⇨1.Private schools（independent school, public school)（Private fee-paying schools; local or central government control）2.State schools（from state taxes and local council revenue; governing body (parent representatives, the head teacher) ；It is responsible for the main policy decision）3.V oluntary schools or Church schools（funded by religious denominations) 4.Self-governing or Grant-maintained (GM) school(receive funds from the government) 5. Specialist schools(are connected to Specialist schools a private backer)3、Private Schools⇨ Public schools/ Independent Schools; A variety of other schools are also private, including kindergartens, day schools, and newer boarding schools4、Higher Education⇨Four groups：“Oxbridge”：Oxford and Cambridge. “Redbrick”：a group of universities founded between 1850 and 1930. University of Leeds, University of Liverpool. Found after World War II: Sussex, York, East Anglia. The New universities：founded in the modern times5、University of Oxford⇨The oldest university in English-speaking country; Established time: 1167; School Motto: Dominus illumination mea(The Lord is my Light )6、All Souls College⇨England’s oldest institution of higher learning, Oxford UniversityUnit 1 US1、Official name: United States of America2、national flag：Stars and Stripes3、National Emblem：Bald eagle4、National flower: rose5、Nickname: Uncle Sam6、Capital: Washington D.C.7、Location: 48 contiguous states + 2 noncontiguous states + D.C ; central North America with Canada to its north, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico to its south, the Atlantic Ocean to its east and the Pacific Ocean to itswest.8、Alaska is the largest in area and Rhode Island the smallest.9、Three Geographical Divisions⇨Eastern part; Great Plains; Western part10、Rocky Mountains----great backbone of North America11、The Mississippi⇨ called “father of waters” and the “old man river”12、The Missouri⇨is one of the longest rivers in the world13、The Ohio⇨called the American Ruhr; steel industry14、The Great Lakes⇨苏必利尔湖(Lake Superior)、休伦湖(Lake Huron)、密歇根湖(Lake Michigan)、伊利湖(Lake Erie)、安大略湖(Lake Ontario)15、New England 新英格兰⇨Maine 缅因州New Hampshire 新罕布什尔州Vermont 佛蒙特州Massachusetts 马塞诸塞州(麻省) Rhode Island 罗得岛Connecticut 康涅狄格州16、The Mid-West States⇨ "Industrial midwest"17、The American South⇨ The legacy of a rigid social structure18、The American West⇨ computer software, mining and irrigated agriculture19、The Pacific Coast⇨ Gold Rush, 17th century; Los Angeles, Hollywood film20、The New States⇨Alaska 阿拉斯加州Hawaii 夏威夷Unit 2 US1、Indians⇨ The “first Americans”2、Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator, discovered an unknown new world, mistook it for India; Amerigo Vespucci, proved it was not India, but a new continent, and the land was named after him3、The Colonial Period⇨The first English colony in the Continent was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607, “mother state”.4、The Puritans⇨ The Puritans were wealthy, well-educated gentlemen5、The Battle of Lexington ( 1775 )⇨ The first shots starting the revolution6、The first Continental Congress(1774)⇨ Result: passed Declaration of Rights and Grievances7、The second Continental Congress(1775)⇨ Place: Philadelphia; Result: decided to draw up a Declaration of Independence8、Thomas Jefferson (1743 – 1826)⇨The third president of U.S.A9、George Washington (1732-99)⇨ The first president of USA10、The Battle of Yorktown⇨ Result: Decisive Victory ; The Treaty of Paris (1783)11、Uncle Tom’s Cabin⇨author: 1852,Harriet Beecher Stowe; “So this is the little lady who made this big war.” ---Lincoln12、The Civil War (1861-1865)13、Emancipation Proclamation 奴隶解放宣言⇨January 1, 1863, issued by Abraham Lincoln that freed the slaves of the Confederacy; This transformed the war from a war to save the Union, to a war to abolish slavery14、Homestead Act (1862)（宅地法）⇨ This act allowed the slaves to have their own land。