英语句子结构分析

英语句子结构分析

一.词类

1.名词：表示事物名称的词。指人、事、时间、地点等实体和抽象事物。table, mind

2.代词：代替名词的词。he, him, his, this, those, it,

3. 数词：基数词和序数词。one, first

4. 形容词：修饰名词，代词，表示人或事物性质，状态和特征的词。beautiful, clever, brave

5. 副词：修饰动词，形容词，副词和整个句子，表明时间，地点，程度等概念。hard, well, very, when, where.

6. 动词：表示各类动作的词。如walk, work, regret等。动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后边可以加宾语。如eat。

二.句子成分

1,主语是句子所要说的人或事物通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.

2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：

Jack cleans the room every day.

3.宾语表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之

后。

I like China.

He hates you.

4、宾语补足语，是对宾语的补充，用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么。

We elected him monitor.

We will make them happy.

5. 表语：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。通常由名词、

代词或形容词担任

He is a teacher.

Five and five is ten.

He is asleep.

常见的连系动词除了be动词，还有look(看起来),feel(摸上去),seem(似乎是),sound(听起来)等。remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持), become(变成), turn(变成)等。

1. The story sounds true.

2. Those oranges taste good star.

3. The old man was feeling very tired

6. 定语：修饰，限制或说明名词或代词的品质与特征。是主语或宾语的附

加成分。

Yanling is a chemistry teacher.

He is our friend.

We belong to the third world.

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

7. 状语：用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子。是谓语的附加成分。表示谓语动词发生的，时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

I will go there tomorrow.

The meeting will be held in the meeting room.

The meat went bad because of the hot weather.

He studies hard to learn English well.

He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.

I like some of you very much.

If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

He goes to school by bike.

Though he is young, he can do it well.

8、同位语

当一个概念词在前，后面的词、词组或者句子是在解释前者时，而且两者的语法功能相同，后者就是前者的同位语。

Mr. Black, our English teacher, is a good tennis player.

Football, the only interest in life, has brought him many friends.

三,句子结构

1.简单句

1）基本句型1: 主语+谓语(不及物动词)

1. I work in a hospital.

2. Last night I came home late.

3. He runs very fast.

2）基本句型2：主语+谓语+宾语

1.I love sports

2. I don’t like the picture on the wall.

3）基本句型3: 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

. They give me the book

4）基本句型4：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

We elected him monitor.

5）基本句型5：主语+系动词+表语

He is a teacher.

2并列句：

由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫并列句。并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。并列句中各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系。

The food was good, but he had little appetite.

食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。

Let’s hurry, or we will be late.

咱们赶紧点，要不就迟到啦。

He studied hard( ,) and he passed the exam.

他努力学习并通过了考试。

He felt no fear, for he was very brave.

他很勇敢,毫不畏惧.

He was sick, so they were quiet.

他病了,所以他们很安静.

3. 复合句：

包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句。其中主句可以独立存在，但从句是一个句子成分，不能独立存在。例如：

The film had begun when we got to the cinema.

我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。

Do you know the man who is in the car?

你认识坐在汽车里的人吗?

What he said is not true.

他说的不是实话.

I know it’s difficult to master a foreign language.

我知道学好一门外语不容易.