定语从句 第9讲 -定语从句---2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)(讲)(学生版)

2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）
第九讲—定语从句
【复习概览】
一、命题要求
定语从句考点是英语高考必考点之一。

在高考中主要考查点有：定语从句关系词、定语从句的先行词、定语从句中的主谓一致、定语从句中的时态等。

二、命题形式
本考点在高考中的命题形式主要有：1.语法填空；2.阅读理解中的复杂句子；2.书面表达。

从句在语法填空中是必考点。

2022年从句考点还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。

在这个考点上一定多下工夫，不管花费多大的精力，让学生掌握这个考点都不为过，因为，打开2022年的高考试卷，必然会有非谓语动词。

【基础巩固】
知识点：定语从句
必备基础知识：
在主从复合句中，修饰或限制某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

A. 先行词+ 连词（关系代词）+ 陈述句
who 【先行词为人。

主语、宾语。

】whom 【先行词为人。

宾语。

】
that【先行词为物/人。

主语、宾语。

】which 【先行词为物。

主语、宾语。

】
B. 地方+ where(状语) + 陈述句【where = at/on/in which】
时间+ when(状语) + 陈述句【when = at/on/in which】
C. 先行词（物/人）+ whose + 名词…
whose: 某人的/某物的
D. 先行词(人) + 介词+ whom + 陈述句
先行词(物) + 介词+ which + 陈述句
重难点知识：
考点1关系代词引导的定语从句
【典例】
1. [2021·浙江1月]They’re the only thing _______ looks like human language in that respect.
2.[2021·八省1月联考]I'm grateful that the assistant responded in a way _______ made me rethink the power of my words.
3.[2021·八省1月联考]That day, along with the barber there was an assistant, _______ had recently joined the shop.
【方法指导】
1．who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。

在口语中可用who代替whom。

2．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of which代替，指人时可用of whom代替。

3．that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。

4．which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。

另外，which 可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。

5．下列情况只用that不用which：
①先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词；
②先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰；
③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；
④先行词被the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰；
⑤先行词中既有人也有物；
⑥在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。

【变式】
【变式】1
[2019·上海卷]The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45— 0 days, then the babies grow without their mother, _______ is a rare phenomenon in nature.
【变式】2
[2019·上海卷]For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, ________ information is listed above.
考点2关系副词引导的定语从句
【典例】
1. 【江苏省无锡市第一中学2020—2021学年高三上学期开学考试】TikTok’s woes(麻烦) offer others an opening. In India,50．200 million users lost access to it overnight, a local rival, Roposo, got 22 million sign-ups in 48 hours. In America Facebook is about to launch Instagram “Reels”, a TikTok clone, and YouTube will soon roll out “Shorts”.
2. 【2016·全国新课标I】But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
【方法指导】
1．先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when，where，why。

有时可用“介词＋which”结构替换。

2．当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。

3．当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词that/which。

【变式】
【变式】1
1. （2021·天津南开区·南开中学高三二模）Sales director is a position________ communication ability is just as important as sales.
A．which B．where C．when D．why
【变式】2
2. （2021·山东）I don’t know the reason ____ he left without saying anything.
A．when B．where C．why D．which
【变式】3
（2021·天津高三期末）We often reach a point in our life ______ we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power.
A．when B．that C．as D．which
考点3 “介词＋关系代词”引导的
【典例】
1.【2021·天津3月高考】William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ we can
learn without repeating them.
A．from which B．in which C．with whom D．for whom
2.（2021·天津红桥区·高三一模）Learning another language is like stepping out of a door, ______I can look back and see more clearly my own language.
A．By which B．through which C．which D．on which
【方法指导】
1．若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。

另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。

2．该结构中介词的选用
(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：
①先行词的意义；
②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；
③句子的意思。

(2)表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用of。

常见结构：
①在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。

②the＋比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。

(3)有时“介词＋where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。

【变式】
1.（2021·天津滨海新区·高三三模）The Zhuang is an ethnic group________ the population is the largest of all ethnic groups in China.
A．of whom B．of which C．of who D．of that
2.（2021·天津河北区·高三二模）Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ______ they can be controlled.
A．on which B．by which C．to which D．from which
考点4 as，which引导的定语从句
【典例】
1.【江苏省无锡市2021届高三上学期期中】If everyone on your team is working different hours, you may be getting emails and messages at all hours of the day, night or weekend, 36．can create an always available, or "always-on” environment.
2.（2021·天津河西区·高三二模）Stress is everywhere and in fact it isn't such a bad thing ________ it is often
supposed to be. A ．that B ．as
C ．what
D ．which
【方法指南】
1．as 作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as 引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。

2．as 常用在下列习惯用语中：
as (it) often happens ，as I remember ，as is often the case ，as is expected ，as is known to us ，as is shown 等。

3．which 引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。

4．“such/so...that...”表示“如此……以致……”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so...as...”表示“像……这样……”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as 在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。

5．“the same...that...”表示同一个人或物，而“the same...as...”表示同种类的人或物。

【变式】
1. （2021·天津高三三模）________ is widely accepted, in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses, but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures. A ．As
B ．It
C ．Which
D ．What
2. （2021·天津高三三模）Swimming is good for teenagers, ________ some experts say will help them to stimulate their potential and promote their brain development. A ．which
B ．why
C ．Whom
D ．what
考点5 way 和time 后接定语从句的 【典例】
①What surprised me was not what he said but the way ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
in which that 不填
he said it. 让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。

②The way ⎩⎪⎨⎪
⎧
that which 不填 he explained to us was quite simple.
他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。

③It's not the first time (that) you've found yourself in this situation. 你陷入这种状况已经不是第一次了。

④There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour ，one day a week ，testing pupils in every subject.
曾经，每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。

【方法指南】
1．在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。

2．先行词time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；当先行词time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。

【关键能力】
定语从句与语法填空
定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词以及介词的选用是语法填空题中的考查点。

首先判断是否是定语从句是做题的关键，其次判断关系词充当何种成分，确定答案。

有些特殊的定语从句，如分割式定语从句和插入式定语从句，一定要先确定先行词，然后再判断作何成分，最后确定用何关系词。

[典题试做]
在空白处填入适当的关系代词或关系副词
1．But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s，________ I was the first Western TV reporter...
2．Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the development of chopsticks.
3．Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ________ has been proved.
4．I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River ________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
5．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.
6．The books on the desk，________ covers are shiny，are prizes for us.
7．As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.
[应对策略]
一旦判断是定语从句，就根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分来确定关系词。

若在从句中作主语和宾语，就用关系代词；若作状语，就用关系副词。

◆书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦
(一)定语从句意识缺失
1．关系代词被普通代词取代
(误)I have many collections of stamps，some_of_them are my favorite.
(正)I have many collections of stamps，some_of_which are my favorite.
2．关系代词遗漏
(误)The last one leaves the classroom please close the windows.
(正)The last one who_leaves the classroom please close the windows.
第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。

(二)假冒伪劣的定语从句
1．有从无主式
(误)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates.
(正)My friend Jane is very friendly to us classmates.
(正)My friend Jane，who is very friendly to us classmates，has_a_variety_of_hobbies.
笫一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。

2．从句成分残缺式
(误)Those who_against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.
(正)Those who_are_against it think that it is unnecessary to move the zoos out of the city.
第一句定语从句的谓语不完整。

介词against不能单独作谓语。

3．画蛇添足式
(误)As can be seen from the picture，that a sad boy stands between his angry parents.
(误)As can be seen from the picture，a man who is talking happily.
(误)I have many collections of stamps，and some of which are my favorite.
第一句中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词来引导的。

所以，应去掉that。

第二句中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的who是多余的。

第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词and是多余的。