高中英语Unit2-working-the-land语法

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Unit_2__Working_the_land单词讲解

重点单词讲解标题1.struggle vt. & vi.斗争；拼搏；努力struggle with与……斗争；和……一起战斗struggle...for 为争取……而斗争struggle...against与……斗争；为反对……而斗争struggle+不定式，如：A bird was caught in the net and was struggling to get free. 一只鸟被网罩住了，挣扎着想要逃脱。

struggle to one’ s feet 挣扎着站起来a life-and-death struggle生死搏斗struggle还可以作名词，意思是“斗争；搏斗；努力；挣扎；难事”等。

如：With a struggle，he controlled his feelings. 他费力地控制住了自己的感情。

标题2.expand vt. & vi.使变大；伸展；阐述expand指向四面八方的扩大扩张extend 强调向某一方向的延长spread 指消息，疾病，瘟疫等的传播、蔓延，也指把某物铺开，把胳膊张开【练习】用expand，extend，spread，stretch的适当形式填空。

1). The man _______ the information around.2). The empire _______ its country in the 16th century.3). The road builders worked hard to _______ the high way.Keys: 1). spread 2). expanded 3). extend标题3.circulate vt. & vi. 循环；流传【例句】 Blood circulates through the body.血液在体内循环。

【考点】 1）形容词：circular圆形的；循环的；名词：circulation循环；流通；发行量；2）circulation 作“（报纸、杂志等的）发行量”解时，是可数名词。

高中英语必修四Unit 2 Working the land 要点解析

ｃｕｅｎｏｖｎｅｃ．ａｓｄｉｃｎｅｉｎｅ
我真抱歉给你添了麻烦。
【知识拓展】
ｒｇｅｔｓｙｔｌ／ｎｏｎｅｉｆｍ遗憾ｅｒｔｏａ／ｅａｎｕｃ／ｎｏｌｒ
ｄｄ ’ ｇｅｔｅｒｐｒ他非常疲倦．以没ｉｎｔｉｅｏｔｖｈ．所能作报告。【知识拓展】ＳＣ．ａｖ因而，所以，结果是ＯＯ＆ｄ．
ｔｅｄｈｎａｖ因此，就ａｃｒｉｇｄ．因此，ｃｏｄｎｌａｖｙ从
ｔｅｒｎｉｓｆｎｗｅｇ．过教育。ｈｏｔｒｏｏｌｅ通ｆｅｋｄ我们扩大了知识的阵地。
４￣ｐｔｉ＇ｅ
【考纲释义￡遗憾；Ｔ遗憾；惋惜Ｌ懊悔
Ｉｒｇｅｏｉｉｎｅｅ ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ｒａ．ｅｒｔｔｖｓｔｇｈｒｓｅｄｙｎｉｙ
高中英语必修四Ｕｎｔｌ２
辽宁省铁岭县职教中心金用哲
一
、
词汇过关
Ｉ￣ｇｌｍｌｅｇ【考纲释义】．．＆ｎ斗争；拼搏；努力
Ａｆｒｅｌｎｙａｓｓｒｇｌａａｎｔｔｔｎｏｇｅｒ ’ ｔｇｅｇｉｓｅｕ
ｓｒｔｈｔｅｃ
十分抱歉，你错了。
Ｗｅｒｇｅｒｔｅｌｓｏａｅｓｆｅｅ．ｅｒｔｆｈｏｓｙｕｈｖｕｆｒｄｏ
ｅｐｎｘａｄ指向四面八方的扩大扩张；ｘｅ－

高中英语必修4--Unit-2 Working the land 短语汇总

高中英语必修4 Unit 2 Workingthe land 短语汇总1. consider A (himself) as B (a farmer)认为A是B,把A当做B2. work the land 耕种土地，在田间耕作3. do one’s research进行研究4. his sunburnt face and arms 被太阳晒黑的脸庞和手臂5. the past five decades 在过去的50年里6. super hybrid rice 超级杂交水稻7. the first agricultural pioneer to grow rice第一个种高产水稻的农业先锋8. a high output 高产量9. strain of rice 稻种10. graduate from Southwest Agricultural College从西南农学院毕业11. life goal 人生目标12. the great need for 对……巨大的需求13. a disturbing problem 一个令人烦恼的问题14. search for 寻找15. expand the area of the fields 扩大土地面积16. circulate one’s knowledge传播知识17. less developed countries 欠发达国家18. thanks to 幸亏，由于19. rid the world of hunger 消除（解决）世界饥饿20. harvests twice as large as before 产量是从前的两倍21. be quite satisfied with 对…….非常满意22. care about 在乎，在意；23. would much rather do sth. 宁愿做……24. spend …on25. lead a comfortable life 过舒适的生活26. rather than 而不是27. an ear of rice 稻穗 an ear of corn 玉米穗28. a grain of rice 米粒，一粒米29. with the hope of 希望，怀着……希望30. so that 以便，为的是31. around the globe 全球，全世界32. care for 关心；照顾；喜欢33．chemical / organic farming化学/有机耕作（种田）34. chemical fertilizers 化肥35. increase production 增加产量36. cause damage to 对…造成损坏37. damage the land 破坏土地38. as well as39. wash off 冲走，洗刷掉，洗掉40. build up 逐渐增强，建立，开发41. over time 随着时间的推移，久而久之42. lead to 通往，导致43. in addition 此外，而且44. full of 充满45. with these discoveries 由于这些发现46. turn to 转向；变成；求助于；致力于；47. focus on 集中(注意力、精力)于48. free of disease 无病的，免受病害49. reduce diseases 减少疾病50. natural waste from animals 天然的动物粪便51. (be) rich in 富含…52. keep … free from使……免受（影响、伤害），使…不含（有害物）53. every few years 每隔几年54 for example55. such as56. (be ) ready for 为….做好准备57.different levels of soil 不同层次的土壤58.prevent …. from阻止、防止…做某事59. carry away 拿走，运走，带走60. these many different organic farming methods 这些不同的有机耕作的方法。

2020年高考英语复习《必修四 Unit 2 Working the land》：the firstlastbest...+n.+to do sth

(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有next，only，last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。
①He is alwaysthe first to bearhardships andthe last to enjoycomforts.
他是一个总是吃苦在前，享乐在后的人。
(ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ)一些特定名词，如ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief后，常跟不定式作定语。
2020年高考英语复习《必修四Unit 2 Working the land》：the first/last/best...＋n.＋to do sth
1
the first/last/best...＋n.＋to do sth.第一个/最后一个/最好的一个……做某事的人/物
在．..the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice...中的to grow...是不定式作后置定语。
②The abilityto express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。

高考英语一轮复习第1部分 Unit 2 Working the land

Unit 2 Working the land[单词拼写应用]核心单词1．decade n．十年；十年期2．occupation n．工作；职业；占领3．summary n．总结；摘要；概要4．regret vt.遗憾；惋惜n．遗憾；懊悔5．comment n．评论；议论vi.& vt.表达意见；作出评论6．focus n．焦点；中心点vt.集中；聚焦7．therefore adv.因此；所以；因而8．reduce vt.减少；减缩9．struggle vi.& n．斗争；拼搏；努力10．expand vt.& vi.使变大；伸展[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1．The number of people suffering from heart disease will be greatly reduced (reduce) if they are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.2．In the last decade，the project has_expanded (expand) its welfare to support 12，000 poor students.3．The old man stood there with his eyes focused (focus) on the picture.4．The reporter commented (comment) that the film Lost and Love was very moving.5．Some farmers have to leave their hometown and go to work in cities，struggling (struggle) to increase their incomes.6．After he considered the problem more carefully，he regretted(regret) having made such a hasty decision.拓展单词1．hunger n．饥饿；欲望vt.& vi.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的；渴望得到的2．export vt.& vi.输出；出口→import vt.& vi.(反义词) 输入；进口3．discover vt.发现；发觉→discovery n．发现；发觉→discoverer n．发现者4．equip vt.& vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备(不可数)5．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n．迷惑；困惑6．nation n．国家；民族→national adj.民族的→nationality n．国籍7．disturb v．打扰；妨碍；使不安→disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.烦恼的；不安的8．free adj.自由的→freedom n．自由；自主[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空。

人教版高中英语必修四 Unit2 Working the land-语法篇(教师版)-精选学习文档

Unit2 Working the land语法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法----动词的-ing形式作主语和宾语并能熟练运用相关语法知识解决相应类型的题。

一、动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+ing形式”构成，它既是现在分词形式，也是动名词形式。

v-ing能在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。

其时态和语态的变化为二、动词v-ing形式作主语v-ing形式作主语时，通常表示一般的或抽象的多次行为。

1.v-ing形式直接作主语。

E.g. Smoking is harmful to your health.吸烟有害健康。

E.g. Being fit helps you to stay focused on your lessons.保持健康有助于你集中精力学习。

2.有时为了避免句子主语过于冗长，通常用it代替v.-ing作形式主语。

E.g.It's no use advising him.劝他没用。

E.g. It's useless taking this kind of medicine吃这种药没用。

It’s fun being an actor.当个演员是有趣的。

三、v.-ing形式作宾语1.能接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词有advise，avoid，appreciate，consider，delay，deny，dislike，enjoy，escape，finish，forget，keep，imagine，stop，mind，miss，mention，practise，begin，start，like，hate，remember，regret，require，resist，suggest等。

高中英语unit 2 working the land知识点剖析新课标人教版必修4

2）与reduction相关的词组：
make a reduction打折扣at a reduction of打……折扣
3）与reduce相关的词组：
reduce to使……变为（更小尺寸或更简单形式）；使成为某种状态；
reduce by（以……的比例、程度）减少。
supply [s pla ]n.补给；供给；供应品vt.补给；供给；提供
2）与struggle相关的词组：
struggle with与……斗争；和……一起战斗
struggle...for为争取……而斗争
struggle...against与……斗争；为反对……而斗争
3）struggle后面除了可以接介词外，还可以接副词与不定式。
struggle+副词，如：
She struggled up the stairs with her heavy bags.
The school supplies the children with books.= The school supplies books to/for the children.学校为孩子们提供书籍。
2）supplyn.作“供给；供应”解时，是不可数名词；作“供应量；供应品”解时，是可数名词。
road路；道路，指通车的宽广平坦的大路；
path小路，只供人行的路，不是开出来的，而是走出来的路；
Unit 2 Working the land (知识点剖析)
单词·巧记·典句·考点
hunger［ h g ］n.饥饿；欲望vt. & vi.（使）饥饿
【巧记提示】hung（hang的过去式）+er（谐音“饿”），饿得上吊而死。
【经典例句】Hunger is the best sauce.饥不择食。

人教版高中英语必修4Unit2_Working_the_land教案

Unit2 Working the land单元总体教案1.重点难点1. In many ways, he is one of them, and he struggled for the past five decades to help them.In a way; in one way; in some ways 在某种程度上2．However, he cares little about spending the money on himself or leading a comfortable life.care v. 在乎,在意，喜欢，有兴趣spend sth. … on … 在某方面花费spend … (in) doing sth. 花费…做某事3．Wishing for nothing, however, costs nothing.wishing for nothing 动名词短语做主语，谓语动词用单数。

however是插入语，表示语气的一种转折。

4．It also refers to crops growing with natural rather than chemical fertilizers.refer to 与…有关，关系到某人、某事；提到，涉及；参考5．Instead, organic farmers insist on changing crops every two or three years.insist on 坚持要求；insist后面可以跟从句，其中谓语动词常用should + 动词原形构成6．Dr. Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could fees more people.with the hope of 带着某种希望7．He used to walk to his fields twice a day, but now he prefers to ride his motorcycle.used to 过去常常（现在已经不是如此）be used to doing 意思是―习惯于‖prefer to do (rather than do) 相比之下更喜欢做某事8．But whatever they grow they make sure that what is left in the ground after harvesting becomes a natural fertilizer for the next year’s crop.whatever引导让步状语从句，表示―无论怎样‖，相当于no matter what.Eg: Whatever you do, don’t give up.2．功能句型建议（Suggestion & advice）I would rather …I don’t like … because …I’d prefer … because …It’s a great pity that …Should we/I …?It’s better to …If I have a choice I’d choose … because … You need to …May I suggest …? Let me suggest … because …Perhaps we should suggest … because … But what/how about …?3. 重点单词及短语单词① hunger n. 饥饿，食欲；v. 渴望得到某事物，某人hunger for/after sth./sb.② struggle vi.Struggle with sb. 与某人争斗，搏斗struggle (against/with sb./sth.)struggle against/with sb./sth. (for sth.) 争斗，拼搏，奋斗，努力③ expand vi. (使某事物)变大，增强，伸展，张开expand on sth. 阐述或详述expansion n. 扩大，扩展，膨胀④ equip vt.equip sb./sth. (with sth.) 配备，装备equipment n. 设备，装备⑤ export vt. 输出；n. 出口业，出口品import vt. 进口⑥ circulate vi. vt. 使某物循环，流通，传播；vt. 发侧知告知某人circulation n. 循环，流传，传播⑦ confuse vt. 把某人弄糊涂，使为难，打乱confusion n. 混乱，混淆⑧ reduce vt. 缩减，减小，降低reduction n. 减少，缩小⑨ supply vt. 供给，供应，满足；n. 供应，供给之物⑩ exchange vt. 交换，交易；n. 交换，更换，互访，交流exhange sth. with sth.exchangeable adj. 可交换的，可退换的，可兑换的短语rid … of清除，摆脱be satisfied with = be contented 感到满足，满意的would rather do sth. 宁可做某事refer to 与…有关，关系到某人，某事，提到，参考search for 寻找，搜寻thanks to 多亏，由于rather than 而不，宁愿…而不分课时教案Period 1 Warming up and Pre-reading.Step 1. Lead-in.Poem By Li ShenFarmers weeding at noon,Sweat down the field soon.Who knows food on a tray,Due to their toiling day.Then let one student recite the poem in Chinese.Step 2. Warming up by questioningHello, everyone. We shall read about man who works the land today. Have you ever grown any plants? If not, what kind of plant would you like to grow? How will you grow it?(For reference: Mr. Li, I worked with my father in the rice field last year. We grow hybrid rice and use animal wastes to make the soil rich.)Has anyone of you ever been to the countryside? What did you do there?(For reference: I went to Chuankou the day before yesterday. It is a small mountain village 75 li north of Beijing. I went there to visit my uncle’s family. I like that small beautiful village very much. )Who are from a farmer’s family? What do you know about farming?Step 3. Pre-reading and talkingQuestioning and answeringRice is main food in South China. What do you think would happen if tomorrow there was suddenly no rice to eat?(For reference: Then the south people would have to change their eating habit. They could turn to potatoes, wheat flour, cow and sheep cheese, cabbage, onions and garlic for food. They are the bases of the traditional food in North China. )If you had the chance to do one thing to help end hunger in the world, what would you do?(For reference: I would try to end hunger by popularizing the advanced farming techniques. Modern techniques could be introduced to increase the rice output, and expand the area of fields.) Giving background information about Professor Yuan LongpingHave you ever heard of a man called Professor Yuan Longping? Would anyone of you tell the class something about him?(For reference: Professor Y uan Longping is a Chinese agricultural scientist. Professor Yuan's breakthrough scientific achievement led to the world's first successful and widely grown hybrid rice varieties, revolutionizing rice cultivation in China and tripling production over a generation. His approach to rice breeding then spread internationally throughout Asia and to Africa and the Americas, providing food for tens of millions and leading to his becoming known as the "Father of Hybrid Rice."Step 4. ReadingReading aloud to the recordingComprehension—understanding what you are reading—is important. To read in thought groups is an easy, yet effective, way of improving reading comprehension. Now turn to page 9 and read aloud to the recording of the text A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLE. Pay attention to the thought groups in the sentences while listening and reading aloud.A brief introduction:Yuan Longping is known as China’s ―father of hybrid rice‖. It’s said that in China, we eat depending on ―Two Ping‖ ---- Deng Xiaoping, who made the policy of System of Production Responsibility, & Yuan Longping, who invented hybrid rice.Yuan Longping, who was born in September, 1930, graduated from Agriculture Department in Southwest Agricultural Institute. He has been working on agriculture education & the research into hybrid rice since he left the institute.In the 1960s, when China was suffering from serious famine, he came up with the idea of hybrid rice, which has a high yield ( or output). Ten years later, he succeeded in inventing a new species that produced a 20 percent higher yield than common types of rice.Yuan devoted himself to the research into agriculture, & was honored by UNESCO & FAO(联合国教科文组织）. Although he is 74 years old, he is still working on the research into agriculture. Step 5 课后反思：Period 2 ReadingStep 1. Lead-in. Listen to the tape carefully then answer these questions.1）When and who did become the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output?2）What did Yuan Longping invent?Step2. Read the passage once again,then find out these sentences true or false.1）Dr Yuan is more a farmer than a scientist.2）Dr Yuan’s kind of rice is the most suitable for China’s farmland.3）Dr Yuan would rather work than relax.4）Dr Yuan has dreams when he is asleep and also when he is awake.5）Dr Yuan enjoys a simpler life than most rich and famous people.Step3. Find out the topic sentences of each paragraphPara. 1: He became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. Para.2:He has devoted his life to finding ways to grow more and more rice..Para.3:He cares little about spending the money on himself and would rather keep time for his hobbies.Para.4 Dr. Yuan’s dreams.Step4. Write down Y uan Longping’s personal informationIn pairs, read the text, find information to complete the following form.Facts about Yuan Longping Facts abou t Yuan’s super hybridriceage capacityeducation applicationmajor contributionhobby overseasideal futureStep 5 课后反思：Period 3 using languageStep 1. Language points:1. Struggle for…为争取……而斗争Struggle against…为反对……而斗争Struggle wi th… 与……争斗1）The swimmer struggled against the tide.2）We had to struggle with/against all kinds of difficulties.3）The slaves struggled for the freedom2. 使做…成为… make +it +adj./n. +to do好天气使游泳成为可能The fine weather makes it possible( for us )to swim.他将每早跑步做为一个规则He makes it a rule to run every morning.其他可用这种结构的词:feel, find, think, consider…3.搜查,搜索search (sb. / sth.) for …He searched all the rooms for the missing person.They searched the man all over for money.4.由于,多亏thanks to 相当于because of5.是从前两倍那么多twice as large as before相当于once larger than before6.对……感到满意be satisfied with…相当于be pleased withadj. satisfactory/satisfyingn. satisfaction7.在乎，在意care about比较care forMy aunt cared for me when my parents were away last week.Dr Yuan never cares about money and fame.8. Indeed, his sunburn face and arms and his slim, strong body are like those of millions of other Chinese farmers.e.g: The streets in Beijing are wider than those in my hometown.The number of students in our school is larger than that in their school.9. Dr Yuan grows what is called super hybrid rice.e.g: He came to what is called America.10. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one -third more of the crop in the same fields.e.g: That made it possible for life to begin to develop.The development of science makes it possible for us to know more about the universe.11. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice (that could feed more people).e.g: He went to the U.S with the hope of finding a better job there.Step 2. Closing down by having a dictationTo end the period you will take a dictation. It is about Yuan Longping, ―Father of Super hybrid rice‖.Yuan Longping, China's Most Famous "Farmer"Yuan came up with the idea of hybridizing rice for the first time in the world in 1960s. Since then, 50 percent of China's total rice cultivation fields have grown such rice, which added some 300 billion kilograms to the country's grain output. Furrows grown on his sunburnt face, aslim figure and coiled-up trousers legs would confuse foreign reporters who came to interview the most famous scientist in China, who would rather be called ―a farmer‖. Indeed, like many Chinese farmers, Yuan in his 70s and has devoted most of his life growing rice in paddy fields, but unlike those farmers, he reaps the seed from experimental fields only for hybridizing rice.Step 3 课后反思：Period 4 Listening, Speaking and WritingLearning Aims：To help students read the passage Organic Farming.To help students to use the language by reading, listening, speaking and writing.Teaching Procedures：Step 1. Warming up by listening and reading aloudLanguage is created to be listened to and spoken first. So open your book to page 13 and read it aloud while listening to the recording. Watch your pauses between the thought groups.Step 2. Guided reading1. Reading and translatingRead the text sentence by sentence, and put it into Chinese. Who will be the first to try. I will only have four of you to do this task.2. Reading and underliningNext you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Copy them to your notebook after class as homework.Collocations from textgain a meaning, refer to…, make the soil fertile, natural waste from animals, put…in the field, make the soil rich, become healthy, develop a healthy soil, reduce diseases, grow strong and healthy, keep…free from…, leave…in the ground, as a result, get exhausted, kill bacteria and pests, insist on…, change crops, be followed by…, put…back into …, need a deeper level of soil, prefer doing sth., plant…between crops, prevent…from…, carry away…, make sure that3. Doing exercisesNow you are going to do exercises No. 1, 2 and 3 on page 14 following the article.4. ListeningFor listening turn to page 14 and then 15 for the listening exercises 1, 2 and 3. Are you ready? 5. Reading, speaking and writingWhen trying to argue people into or out of doing something we may use the following expressions:I would rather…I don’t like…because…I’d prefer…because It’s a great pity that…Should I / we…?It’s better to…This is good value because…If I have a choice I’d choose…becauseWhat is the advantage of…?You need to…In pairs you are to make up a dialogue to argue each other into or out adopting organic farming. I will argue with your monitor, Liang Bochao. Get started.Step 3. Guided writing1. Writing a posterWriting a poster which includes all the information about the uses of computer so that you will encourage more farmers to buy and use. You are asked to base your poster on the overall pattern of the article you learned Organic Farming. Limit your poster to between 200 and 250 words.2. Writing a speechWrite a speech for Professor Yuan Longping. He is to attend an international conference on modern agriculture. You may also make use of the library and network resources for the task. Step 4. Further applying1. Finding informationRead online to find as much information as possible about Professor Yuan Longping and his research group. Share your findings with you partner next time you are here.2. Writing a reportGo back home to interview your parents or your grandparents about China’s agriculture, its past and present situations. Write a report in English in about 500 words as a weekly project.3. Acting a text playTurn either one of the two articles into a text play. Rehearse it and play it in front of the class. The play shall last at least 10 minutes.Step 5. Closing down1.Closing down by filling a formTo end the period, please fill in the form below.What is organic farming?definitioncharacteristicspotentials2. Closing down by imagingImagine and write about what the agriculture will be like 50 years from now in the future. Use your imagination to compete for ―wild thinking prize‖.Step 6 课后反思：Period 5 Grammar and Useful Structures Learning AimsTo help students learn about The –ing form as the Subject & Object.To help students discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions.To help students discover and learn to use some useful structures.Teaching ProceduresStep 1. Warming upWarming up reading aloud the text A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLELanguage is learned in context. So let’s first r eview the text learned yesterday by reading it aloud. Try to force out your English slowly and clearly.Step 2. Discovering useful words and expressionsIn pairs do the exercises 1, 2 and 3 . You must finish them in 5 minutes.Step 3. Learning about grammar1. Read and identifyRead the text about Yuan Longping again, paying attention to the sentences which use the –ing form as the subject and object.In the sentence ―Wishing for things, however, cost nothing. ―the –ing is used as subject.It can be also used as object of the sentence. For example: Yuan Longping likes playing his violin.2. Consolidating by do exercisesTo consolidate your understanding you will be given 10 minutes to go over exercises 1,2,3,4 and 5 on pages 12 and 13. You may just writ e on your text book. I mean the student’s book you are working by.Step 4. Ready used materials for The v–ing form as the Subject & Object)语法学习——动名词1. 动名词作主语1）名词直接放在句首作主语。

人教版高中英语必修四unit2词汇讲解及练习

人教版高中英语必修四Unit2 Working the land1 struggle [ˈstrʌgl]vi.搏斗；奋斗；努力；争取n.打斗；竞争；奋斗【例句】They had to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties.他们必须和各种各样的困难作斗争。

After 5 years’ of struggle,people in Wenchuan are living a normal life now.经过五年的努力，现在汶川人民的生活步入了正轨。

【搭配】struggle against/with与……斗争struggle for 为争取……而斗争struggle to do 努力去做struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来 a life-and-death struggle生死搏斗【辨析】battle, war, campaign, struggle, fight这些名词均有“战斗，战争”之意。

•battle：侧重指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个人之间的争斗。

•war：是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。

•campaign：通常指在一场大的战争中在某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动。

也可作引申用。

•struggle：指激烈或时间持续长的战斗或奋力斗争。

•fight：最普通用词，含义广，指战斗、斗争或打斗。

2 hunger [ˈhʌŋgə(r)] n.饿，饥饿；欲望vt.& vi.（使）饥饿【例句】His hunger for knowledge drove him to the library.他对知识的强烈愿望驱使他上图书馆。

These students hunger for new knowledge and ideas.这些学生渴望学到新知识，获得新思想。

Unit2Workingtheland(p牛津译林版高中英语选修第一册

*contemplation / ,kɔntem'pleiʃən / n. 深思，沉思；凝视，默默注视（25）【联想拓展】 be lost in contemplation 陷入沉思中 contemplate v. 1. 注视，凝视; 2. 思量，仔细考虑，深思【经典例句】 He sat there deep in contemplation.
去年玉米丰收。 At the party there was food in abundance.
聚会上食品很丰富。 China is abundant with natural resources.
中国自然资源丰富。
*drip / drip / n. 水滴，滴液；滴落，滴水声；（静脉）滴注 vt. & vi. 滴下；滴水（21）【联想拓展】
the pros/ prəuz / and cons / kɔnz / 事物的利与弊（22）【联想拓展】
the advantages and disadvantages strengths and weaknesses 长处和短处【经典例句】
Your idea is interesting, but let’s look carefully at its pros and cons before we take any decisions.
培养高雅情趣是我们的主要目标。 He purposely tried to cultivate good relations with the press.
他特意设法与新闻界搞好关系。
用单词的正确形式填空
iagnosed oasts
ollaboration implified bstacles
abundance onquered

高中英语必修四第二单元重点

高中英语必修四第二单元重点、难点U n i t T w o W o r k i n g t h e l a n d1、Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.的确,他那被太阳晒得黝黑的脸庞和手臂,以及他那瘦削而又结实的身体就跟过去五十年他一直在帮助的千百万的中国农民一样;完成时态的时间表达：1for + 段时间多长时间以来2before 以前3since + 时间点自从什么时间since +时间段 +ago 自从多长时间以前 since +从句自从… since then 从那以后4recently ; lately; in recent +时间最近；最近多长时间5so far; by far; up till now; by now 到现在为止6by the end of… / by the time… 到…时间结尾7 in / during / for the past / last + 时间段在过去的多长时间里特别提示：1如果句子中有以上时间,句子一般要用完成时;2before后不能跟时间；否则句子用过去时态;3by the end of… / by the time…多用于过去完成时或将来完成时;即时活用：1、________ several years he has been working like this. A. In B. After C. For D. Since2、The heavy rainfall has caused vegetable prices to rise daily ______ the last two months. A. by B. sinceC. forD. with3、–Where does Mr Zhang live --- He has been on the island ________the end of the Long March. A. sinceB. byC. inD. at 4、I have been in London twice ______ 1965. A. in B. sinceC. duringD. when 答案：C C A B2、Dr. Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.袁博士寻找一种在不扩大土地面积的情况下增加收成的办法;search vt. 搜查The guards searched the house carefully. 警卫仔细搜查了整个房子;They searched the woods for the lost boy. 他们搜查整个森林寻找丢失的小孩;联想扩展：1search for寻找 What are you searching for 你在找什么2search one’s heart 扪心自问I often search my heart if I am a competent teacher. 我常扪心自问我是不是一个称职的老师;3in search of 寻找 We started at once in search of something to eat. 我们立刻开始寻找可吃的东西;3、Dr. Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.袁博士寻找一种在不扩大土地面积的情况下增加收成的办法;expand vi. & vt. 用法归纳：1膨胀；扩大 A tyre expands when you pump air into it. 给轮胎充气轮胎会鼓起来的;Xi’an is expanding in all directions. 西安正在向四周扩大;2加大；使膨胀Heat expands metal. 热使金属膨胀; He has expanded his business. 他把生意扩大了;联想扩展：expand on 细说；阐述Let me expand on my idea. 我来阐述一下我的观点;4、Dr. Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their harvest.袁博士正在把他的知识用在像印度、越南这些不发达的国家以便于增加它们水稻的产量;circulate vi. & vt.用法归纳：1循环；流通 Blood circulates in the body. 血液在体内循环;It does good to a country’s economy if money circulates. 钱流动对国家经济有好处;2传播；流传Bad news circulates quickly. 坏消息传播的很快;Some people like to circulate false news. 有些人喜欢传播假消息;联想扩展：circulation n. 循环；传播；发行量5、Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.多亏了他的研究,联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法;thanks to 幸亏；多亏；由于Thanks to the ill ness, I didn’t take that flight. 多亏生病,我没乘坐那次航班;Thanks to the teacher’s help, I’ve made some progress with my English.由于老师帮助,我的英语取得了一些进步;联想扩展：下列词组中的to为介词look forward to 期望 see to 处理；修理 be / get used to 习惯于 pay attention to 注意 get down to 开始认真做 lead to 导致devote…to 贡献 stick to 坚持；遵循 object to 反对prefer doing… to 喜欢…胜过于get around to 找时间做… live up to 不辜负 refer to 指的是；适用于 belong to 属于compare…to…把…比作 turn to 转向；求助于 add to 增加 due to 由于；归功于 be addicted to 沉迷于 adapt to 适应 agree to 同意 be subject to 受…约束 owe to 归功于thanks to 幸亏；由于 lose heart to 喜欢 tend to 倾向于 urge to 促使采取 take to喜欢 be accustomed to 习惯于即时活用：I usually enjoy his film, but the latest one ____.A. didn’t come up to my expectationB. didn’t turn out beyond expectationC. didn’t live up to my hopeD. doesn’t come up to our expectation 答案：C6、Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.用他的杂交水稻种子,农民们种出的粮食比以前多了一倍;倍数表达法1 倍数百分数+ 形容词比较级 + than + 比较对象增加…倍This room is three times bigger than that one. 这个房子比那个房子大三倍;2 倍数+ as +形容词原形 + as + 比较对象是…的几倍This room is three times as big as that one. 这个房子是那个房子的三倍;3 倍数 + up on +比较对象增加…倍The number of students in our school now is 200% up on that of last year.我们学校现在的学生数量比去年增加了两倍;4 倍数 + over +比较对象增加…倍The number of students in our school now is 200% over that of last year.我们学校现在的学生数量比去年增加了两倍;5 倍数 + the + 名词 + of +比较对象是…的几倍This bridge is three times the length of that one. 这座桥的长度是那座桥的三倍;即时活用：1、Some parts in South China have experienced______ this year as they did last year.A. twice as much rainB. rain twice as muchC. as twice much rainD. twice rain as much2、My glasses cost me ______ the lost pair that I bought.A. times threeB. three times more thanC. three times as much asD. as much three times as3、– Do you regret paying fifty dollars for the dog --- No, I would gladly have paid ____ for him.A. as much twiceB. twice so muchC. much twiceD. twice as much4、Now the city is ______ it used to be.A. three times as large asB. three time larger asC. larger as three times asD. as three times largerthan 答案：ACDA7、Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.多亏了他的研究,联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中又多了些方法;rid v. 免除,清除,使...获自由Let's get rid of this moldy old furniture. 咱们把这件发霉的家具扔了;We will be glad to get rid of him. 我们很高兴摆脱了他;联想扩展：1be rid of 摆脱掉She was glad to be rid of him. 摆脱了他她很高兴; Will I ever be rid of this cold 我的感冒还能好吗2get rid of 摆脱掉；戒掉It took me a month to get rid of my cough. 我的咳嗽一个月后才好; You should get rid of smoking. 你应该戒烟;即时活用：What way are you thinking of ______ rid of the flies A. to get B. getting C. being got D. to be getting 答案：A8、He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 他宁愿为自己的爱好留点时间;had / would rather 宁愿I’d rather stay here a couple of days. 我想在这儿再呆几天; I had rather you told the truth. 我宁愿的说实话;特别提示：had / would rather 表示“宁愿”时后面跟动词原形；如果后面跟从句,从句谓语要用虚拟语气,即过去式;联想扩展：would / had rather…than 宁愿…而不愿I’d much rather deal with a man than with a woman. 我愿意和男人打交道,不愿和女人打交道;即时活用：1、I ____ play football than basketball. A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer2、He insisted on staying _________ back home. A. rather than going B. rather than go C. than going D. rather than to go3、–Shall I tell them the news ---No, I would rather they _______ know. A. won’t B. don’t C. wouldn’tD. didn’t4、I’d go to hell _____stay with you. A. than B. rather C. rather than D. better than5、In fact, Mary would rather have left for San Francisco ______ in Los Angeles.A. by stayingB. that stayC. than have stayedD. to stay6、_______ you rather sit by the window. A. Don’t B. Will C. Wouldn’t D. Won’t答案：A ADCCC9、Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people.袁博士从梦中醒来,希望能种植一种可以养活更多人的水稻;with the hope of…抱着…的希望They went to south Pacific with the hope of finding some new plants.他们去南太平洋希望找到一些新植物;With the hope of recovery, she tried to live happily. 抱着康复的希望,她尽量愉快的生活;联想扩展：in the hope of 希望能We got up early in the morning in the hope of catching the first bus.我们早早起床,希望能赶上第一班车;特别提示：“with the hope of…抱着…的希望”一般表示客观希望；而in the hope of一般表示主观希望;即时活用：____ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient soughther doctor’s help to end her life. A. Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cure C. Therebeing hope for cure D. In the hope of cure答案：B10、These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time.经过很长时间,食物中所提供的化学物质会在人的体内聚集;build up1 建设起来；发展起来He has built up a good business over the years. 几年下来他的生意发展的很不错了;We have achieved great successes in the cause of building up our country.在建设我们国家的过程中我们取得了很多成功;2 加强；增强You must build up your strength again. 你应该加强你的力量;Good food builds up the body. 好食品能使身体健康;3 积累；积聚We first have to build up some experience. 首先我们应该积累一些经验;China has built up enough money to cope with the economic crisis.中国已经聚集了足够的经济以对以经济危机;4 逐步增加The clouds are building up. 乌云在聚积;The noise built up ti ll Mary couldn’t stand it any longer. 声音越来越大知道玛丽再也受不了;即时活用：1、Students should play more on the playground to ______ up their bodies.A. hold B. get C. keep D. build 答案：D2、----I felt very bad these days . ------ Oh, you should ______ your body.A. build upB. look atC. thinkD. take care 答案：A11、They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. 他们把注意力集中在保持土壤肥沃且免受病害;focus on 用法归纳：1对准；把光线集中在…Focus the light on the object while I am taking a photo of it.我拍照时把光线集中在物体上;The scientist focused the telescope on the moon. 那个科学家把望远镜对准月球;2把…集中在…上You should focus your attention on your study. 你应该把注意力集中在学习上;All eyes were focused on her. 所有眼睛都集中在她身上;12、They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. 他们把注意力集中在保持土壤肥沃且免受病害;free of 用法归纳：1没有；免受；免交 The old couple are now free of burden. 那对老年人现在没有负担;If your salary is under 1600 Yuan one month, you are free of income tax.如果你每月工资低于1600元,你就可以免交个人所得税;2远离；离开 When I am tired, I can be free of noisy city. 退休后,我就可以远离喧闹的城市;We will be free of school in three months. 三个月后我们就能离开学校了;特别提示: free of还可以作短语动词,表示“使摆脱”;The housewife opened the window to free the room of smoke.主妇打开窗子让房子里的烟跑一跑;13、This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.这还可使空气、土壤、水和作物不受化学物质污染;keep…free f rom / of 使免受…Keep these vegetables free from poison. 使这些蔬菜别受毒物污染;Society should keep children free from bad effects.社会应该使孩子们免受坏的影响;联想扩展：1free… from… 把…从…中解脱出来Teachers should free students from heavy studies. 老师应该把学生从繁重的学习中解脱出来;You should free me from housework. 你应该让我从家务中解脱出来;2be free from…无…的；免予…的This sentence is free from mistake. 这个句子没错误; I am free from disease. 我没病;即时活用：--- What about the protection --- Let’s keep the surface ______ dirty by putting a cover over it .A. far fromB. free fromC. apart fromD. away from 答案：B14、He was lost in thought. 他陷入深思;be lost in用法归纳：1消失在…中 The thief ran away and was lost in the crow. 小偷逃跑了并且消失在人群中;The snowflakes were soon lost in the water. 雪花很快消失在水中;2陷入…；被…所吸引The student was lost in thought. 那个学生陷入深思; The boy was lost in the book. 男孩被书深深的吸引;3迷路 They must be lost in the forest. 他们肯定在森林中迷路了;It is very easy for a stranger to get lost in Shanghai. 陌生人在上海很容易迷路;即时活用：_____ in thought , he almost ran into the car in front of him .A. LosingB. Having lostC. LostD. To lose 答案：C15、He studied ways of keeping seeds and advised farmers to choose seed-heads which had the best color. 他研究保存种子的办法并且建议农民们挑选颜色最好的穗株;advise vt. & vi. 建议；劝告；出主意用法归纳：1跟名词或代词They advised an early start tomorrow. 他们建议明天早点出发;We have to stay here, can I advise it 我们必须呆在这里,我能这样建议吗2advise sb. not to do sth. 建议某人别做某事Can you advise me where to stay when I was in Xi’an 你能建议我在西安时住在哪里吗What would you advise me to do next 你建议我下来做什么3跟动名词He advised staying at home at night. 他建议晚上呆在家里; We advised his studying abroad. 我们建议他去国外学习;4跟从句The teacher advised that he pay more attention to his spelling.老师建议他多注意拼写;They advised that I should give up my idea. 他们建议我放弃我的想法;特别提示：一坚持：insist 二命令：order, command 三建议：advise, suggest, propose 四要求：ask, demand, require, request 后跟宾语从句时,宾语从句的谓语要用should +动词原形,should可以省略;另外,以上词作名词时,其后的表语从句或同位语从句的谓语也要用虚拟语气;规定同上;联想扩展：advise against 劝…不要 advise on 就…出主意advisable adj. 明智的；可取的advisedly adv.有意的；经过考虑的即时活用：1、We are ________ by doctors to eat more natural food and take plenty of physical exercises.A. suggestedB. warned ofC. informedD. advised2、Jack should have taken the doctor’s advice that he ______in bed for a couple of days. A. would lieB. lieC. must lieD. lay3、I advise you at once.A．to do your homework B．do your homeworks C．doing your homework D．did your homeworks4、I advise you water that isn’t boiled any more. A．to drink B．not to drink C．to not drink D．drinking5、I advise the person ______ to ______ put into prison.A. referring; beB. referred; beC. refers; beD. referred; being 答案：DBABB16、The next spring the seeds should be knocked out of their seed-heads and planted.第二年春天把种子从穗株中敲出来;knock + O + OC 用法归纳：1 knock + O +形容词The car knocked him senseless. 车把他撞昏了;His heavy blow knocked me dumbfounded. 他重重的一拳打得我不知所措;2 knock + O + 副词Let me knock the dust off. 我来把灰尘掸掉; Please knock the ball up. 把球打起来;3 knock + O +介词短语He knocked the dish off the table.他把盘子从桌子上撞下来了;I knocked my knee against the chair. 我把膝盖撞到椅子;联想扩展：knock about 旅行 knock back 花费掉；使吃惊 knock off下班；减价 knock out 击败；摧毁knock over 打翻 knock up敲门叫醒；使疲惫不堪易混辨析：strike , hit , beat , knock打,击strike打一下,打若干下；打动,使着迷;hit 打中；对准…打；敲打或打击对方某一点；碰撞;beat连续性的打击；殴打或体罚；在游戏、竞赛、战争中击败对方；心跳；风雨击打; knock撞击；敲；打即时活用：1、Unluckily, his mother was______ by a passing car while crossing the street.A. knocked atB. knocked onC. knocked downD. knocked over2、The old man ______ in the country for many years. A. knocked over B. knocked on C. knocked at D. knockedabout3、She ______ another match and in the light she made her way without making any noise.A. hitB. beatC. knockedD. struck 答案：CDD17、Then he gave advice on turning over the soil. 然后,关于翻地他也给了建议;give advice to sb. on sth. /on how to do sth. = give sb.advice on sth. / on how to do sth. 在某方面/做某事给某人建议Who can give me some advice on the matter 在这个问题上谁能给我一些建议Our English teacher often gives us advice on how to learn English.我们英语老师常常给我们一些怎样学习英语的建议;特别提示：advice为不可数名词;表示“一条建议”用a piece of advice;表示“一些建议”用 some / much advice;即时活用：1、Thank you for giving me ______ advice, but it is difficult______ me to carry it out.A. so good; forB. such a good; ofC. such good; forD. such good; of 答案：C2、– Did you have a good time --- Wonderful. You really gave me some excellent advice _______ the best places to visit.A. inB. onC. aboveD. over 答案：B。

必修4-Unit 2 课文重点句式及语法填空

rice farmers are now producing harvests twice as large as before by using his hybrid rice.
Now more than 60% of the rice 5. produced （produce）in China each year is from this hybrid strain.
◆教材原句
Have you ever grown any plants? If so，what did you do to grow them?
你曾种植过植物吗？如果种过not 如果不是这样的话（与if so 意义相反）
if necessary 如果有必要
and aroused my interest in foreign culture. （4）［2019·北京卷］ What students do at college seems to matter much more than where they
go. （5）［词汇复现］This is what he intends to do.
if any 如果有的话
if possible 如果可能的话
if ever 如果曾经有的话
高中英语必修4 Unit 2 Working the land
◆单句写作（1） It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. __I_f_s_o___（如果这样的话），we’d better take it to the garage. （2） If possible （如果可能的话），we’d better sit in the shade of a tall tree. （3） Correct the errors in the following sentences， if any （如果有的话）. （4）［词汇复现］Are you tired? If not （如果不累的话），let’s carry on our work.

必修4 Unit 2 Working the land 动词-ing形式作主语和宾语

【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容It is / was useless / no use / no good doing …做……是无用/无益的It is/was worth/worthwhile doing …做……是值得的It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。

It’s worth making the effort. 这事值得去做。

It’s a waste of time arguing about it. 争辩此事是在浪费时间。

(3) 在there is no 结构中通常用动词-ing形式作主语常见的句型有：There is/was no doing…无法在……；不允许……There is/was no sense (in) doing…做……没有道理/意义There is/was no use/ point (in ) doing…干……无意义There is no joking about such matter.这种事开不得玩笑。

You don’t take advice so there is no point in asking for it.你不听劝说，因此征求别人的意见也就没有什么意义了。

注意：There is no need to do sth. 干……没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing。

There is no need to tell her. 没有必要告诉她。

2.动词-ing 形式作主语与不定式作主语的区别：动词-ing 形式作主语通常表示一种抽象的动作概念，即泛指某种行为或动作；不定式作主语通常表示具体动作或具体意义。

Talking mends no holes. 空谈于事无补。

It’s an honor for me to be invited to the party.我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。

3. 当动词-ing 形式用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词或名词所有格构成。

高中英语必修四unit_2_working_the_land_Reading_language_points知识点讲解

President.
4. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。 (make, think, regard，believe，find， consider…)+it +adj+ to do+sth e.g. We think it important to learn English well. we think it a surprise to go out. Ann thinks it no pleasure looking through windo We think it a pity that you lost your book.
graduation n. 毕业(大学毕业之后，他去当工程师)
6.at that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.

hunger n. 饥饿，欲望v.渴望渴求 die of hunger hunger to do sth 渴望做某事 have a hunger for/after sth 渴望得到某物 hunger for/ after sth 渴望得到某物
7. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the
world of hunger. 1) thanks to: 幸亏/由于 Thanks to your help, I passed the exam. because of, thanks to, as a result of on account of, owning to , due to

高中英语人教版必修四精品讲义：Unit 2 Working the land重点短语 Word版含答案

1. 学习短语的基本含义和用法。

2. 灵活运用所学的短语，学会用短语造句。

1. 重点：短语reduce…to, be satisfied with…, lead to, build up的用法。

2. 难点：lead有关的短语和build up相关的用法。

【短语学习】1. reduce...to...把……减少到……reduce…to…表示“把……减少到……”，to后所跟的是减少后的结果。

be reduced to… 为被动语态，表示“被减少到……”。

The job losses will reduce the total workforce to 7,000.职位减少后，在职工人总数将减至7,000人。

reduce...by... 减少了……，侧重于减少的量或者幅度。

be reduced to 沦落为……;陷入某种状态;被降职到……Eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40%.每天吃一根胡萝卜可以将患这种病的几率减少40%。

All the buildings in the town have been reduced to ruins after the earthquake.地震后城里所有的建筑都成了废墟。

The number of students in our school has been reduced to 2,000.我们学校学生的数目减少到了2000。

The government is trying to __________ pollution to an even lower level so that we can have a better environment.A. reduceB. removeC. collectD. warn答案：A思路分析：句意：政府正在努力把污染减少到一个更低的水平,以便我们能够有一个更好的环境。

Unit2 知识点总结人教高中英语必修四

Unit 2 Working the land知识点总结要点梳理1. If so句式if so如果这样if not如果不是这样if necessary.如果必要的话if any如果有的话或即使有的话if ever如果曾经有过或即使有过的话if possible如果可能的话2.struggle (vi.)& (n.)struggle with/against与……斗争struggle for努力争取……；为……而斗争struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来struggle to do sth.努力做某事3.hunger(n.)饥饿；欲望；渴望&(v.)（使）饥饿；渴望hungry adjbe hungry for…渴望得到……go hungry吃不饱；挨饿hunger to do sth.渴望做某事disturbing adj 令人不安的disturb v disturbed adj4. expand (vt.&vi.)使变大；伸展e xpand… into…把……扩展/发展成……5. rid… of …使……摆脱/除去……cure sb. of sth.医好某人的病be/get rid of…摆脱rid oneself of…从……解脱rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事4.be satisfied with对……满意=be pleased/content with to one’s satisfaction使某人满意的是With satisfaction满意地satisfying(adj.)令人满意的satisfaction(n.)满意；满足satisfactory(adj.)令人满意的freedom n 自由free adj 自由的v 释放freely adv6. would rather宁愿；宁可would rather(not) do sth.宁愿（不）做某事would do sth. rather than do sth.=would rather do sth. than do宁愿做某事（而）不愿做某事would rather+从句（句子需用虚拟语气）7. Therefore(adv.)因此；所以；因而用在句首，其后要有逗号Therefore, we must learn English well.用在两个分句之间，即一个句子的一部分表示原因因而另一部分表示结果时，一般其前要用分号；若第二个分句前是逗号或无符号，则要注意前加andE.g. I had a headache; therefore I could not go to your party.I was ill, and therefore could not go therefore.8.equip (vt.&vi.)配备；装备e quip…with…用……装备……be equipped with装备；配备equipment(n.) U设备；装备 a piece of equipment一件设备office equipment办公室设备export v 出口import v 进口nationality n国籍nation n 国家，民族national adj 国家的，民族的Occupation n 职业occupy v 占据9. die from死于……die of/from死于……die away逐渐消失die down逐渐转弱die off相继死去die out灭绝，消失die for为……牺牲10.in need of in( great)need of （非常）需要（后常跟名词）in need 需要in memory of为了纪念……,in praise of为了表扬……in case of如果，即使in favor of赞成in honor of为纪念/庆祝……in face of面对11. confuse(vt.)使迷惑；使为难confused adj confusing adjconfuse A with/and B把A与B混淆be confused about sth.对……感到困惑be/get confused by sth.被……搞糊涂12.regret(vt.)遗憾；惋惜&(n.)遗憾；懊悔regretful(adj.)遗憾的；后悔的regret doing sth.后悔做了某事regret to say/inform that…遗憾地说/告知……regret that从句遗憾……with great/deep regret很遗憾to one’s regret=to the regret of sb.让某人感到遗憾的是13. build up逐渐增加；建立；开发build up a fame建立名声build up one’s health/body增进健康build up one’s strength（增强体力）14.lead to导致；造成（后果）；通向lead sb.to a place引导某人去某个地方lead a …life过……的生活Lead sb to do= lead to sb’s doing 导致某人做。