翻译 社会工作 中英文对照

作为一个自我标榜的“价值为基础的职业”，社会工作将它的地位建立在科学原则和规范性判断相结合之上。在实践中，努力推广社会变革、人权、人身自由，这是通过把数据主导的研究分析与“人权和社会正义的原则和人类解放”整合营造来实现的。（2000国际社会工作者联合会）。当社会工作者使用社会科学来实现这些目标——解释诸如贫困等社会问题的原因和程度以及促使机构和不情愿的公众将有关民主的花言巧语付诸实践时，他们已经取得了很大的成功。（Stern和阿克辛，2012）。尽管一直很低调，这些方法已在过去的一个世纪对西方社会产生显著的影响。尽管很少被认可，但依靠公认的职业道德，专家们追求社会公正，并将这一原则应用到实践和宣传中，清楚地体现了基于不同的观念和权力应用之上的政治地位。（Abrams，莫约，2009；温伯格，2010；奥尔蒂斯和贾尼2010）。
It is important to note at the outset that we do not define ‘politics’ in the narrow sense of participation in electoral campaigns or social movements, but in terms that reflect a synthesis of modern and postmodern ideas. A modernist conception analyses how power determines viable alternatives, defines the relationship between government and the economy, and thereby influences all aspects of practice. In this perspective, politics signifies ‘not only the desire to achieve predefined ends but the struggle to re-define the ends by exposing injustices and by posing alternatives’ (Parenti, 2002, p. 4). A postmodern perspective defines politics in terms of how institutions, relationships, language and activities, as social constructions, reflect and perpetuate power differences in material, cultural and psychological ways through a processFoucault (1995)termed ‘governmen-tality’. Through this lens, social services embody societal efforts to create and sustain power arrangements affecting both clients and workers (Margolin, 1997).
Introduction
引言
As a self-proclaimed ‘value based profession’, social work bases its status on a combination of scientific principles and normative judgements. In its prac-tice, it strives to promote social change,nd human liber-ation byintegratingdata-driven research and analysis with ‘principles of human rights and social justice’ (International Federation of SocialWorkers, 2000). Social workers have been most successful in achieving these goals when they have used social science toilluminatetheextentand causes of social problems like poverty and challenged institutions and a reluctant public to translate democratic rhetoric into practice. However modest, these approaches have had a significant impact on Western societies during the past century (Stern and Axinn, 2012). Al-though rarely acknowledged, the profession’s ethical imperative to pursue social justice and the application of this principle to practice and advocacy reflect clear political positions based upon different conceptions and appli-cations of power (Abrams and Moio, 2009;Weinberg, 2010;Ortiz and Jani2010).
在过去的几十年里，在美国和发达国家的社会工作实践已日渐政治化，这是经济、思想民主和文化改变的后果。这种新的政治环境体现在社会工作实践的各个方面，包括其基本假设、理论基础、研究方法和教育基础。它影响了所有参与者在服务过程中定义的需求、实施帮助性的替代战略和评估其有效性。然而，对政治和专业实践的关系意义的持续误解成为目前有效回应这一戏剧性的转变的发展存在的主要障碍。在组织和社会水平，这些误解阻碍对机构地位的挑战。在微观层面上，他们合理地存在于社会服务机构和用户以及工人和客户的等级制之间。
然而，最近，社会工作者已经越来越不愿意面对的政治层面的实践或者去挑战那些价值观和目标与他们所宣扬的的使命背道而驰的的强大的势力（麦克纳特，2008；芬和雅各布森，2009）。在今天的显着不同的政治、经济和思想背景下，这种去政治化的社会工作对服务对象和从业人员具有重要的后果，“因为没有专业的实践可以不问政治”（Lewis，2003，p. 143）。本文探讨了在过去的三几十年来的政治实践的力量，随着对美国发展的重视提出了社会工作者可以在教育领域、实践理论和研究领域产生有效回应的建议。我们相信这个行业需要将政治维度的花言巧语进行更新，创新的形式来抵消这些力产生更大的不平等和社会边缘化的力量。
However, social workers have been increasingly reluctant to confront the politicaldimensionsof practice or challenge those forces whose values and goalsrun counter totheir expressed mission (McNutt,2008;Finn and Jacobson, 2009). In today’s dramatically different political-economic andideological context, this depoliticisation of social work has significant consequences for service users and practitioners alike because ‘no professional practice can be apolitical’ (Lewis, 2003, p. 143). This article examines the forces transforming the politics of practice during the past three decades, with an emphasis on US developments, and suggests ways social workers can create effective responses in the areas of education, practice theory and research. We believe the profession needs to translate the political dimensions of its rhetoric into new, innovative forms to counteract those forces that are producing greater inequality and social marginalisation.
The New Politics of Social Work Practice:
Understanding Context to Promote Change
社会工作实践的新政治：理解语境促进变革
Accepted: April 2012
收稿于2014年4月
Abstract
摘要
During the past several decades, social work practice in the USA and the industrialised world has become increasingly politicised—a consequence of political-economic, ideo-logical, demographic and cultural changes. This new political environment is reflected in all aspects of social work practice, including its underlying assumptions, theoretical bases, research methods and educational foundation. It influences how all participants in the service process define needs, implement alternative strategies of helping and evaluate their effectiveness.Persistent misunderstandings about the meaning of politics and its relationship to professional practice, however, present major obstacles to the de-velopment of effective responses to this dramatic transformation. At the organisational and societal levels, these misunderstandings discourage challenges to the institutional status . At the micro level, they rationalise existing hierarchies between social service agencies and service users, and between workers and clients.