16_CFR_1303法规 - 中文
美国联邦法规第16部分
美国联邦法规第16部分（CPSC 16CFR）要求2007-09-20美国联邦法规与玩具有关的内容如下：1、1303部分：关于含铅油漆和某些含有铅油漆消费品的禁令条款1) 在1303部分，消费品产品安全委员会根据消费品安全条例（CPSA）15U.S.C.2057，2058第8.9章公布，供消费者使用的油漆和类似的涂层材料含铅或铅化合物（以金属铅计）不得超过总的不挥发油漆重量或干漆层重量的0.06%，否则则为危险品，禁止使用。
下列消费品被宣布为禁止使用的危险品。
a) 用于儿童使用的，含有“含铅油漆”的玩具和其它制品；b) 供消费者使用的，含有“含铅油漆”的家俱制品。
2) 本禁令适用于（a）段所述的1978年2月27日后制造的产品，这些产品称为“消费品”，该术语已在SPSA第3（a）（1）中作了定义。
法规包括上文述及的习惯为销售、使用、消费或家庭内外，学校、娱乐场等供消费者观赏的产品和分发的消费品。
摩托车、轮船所用的油漆，不包括在本禁令的范围内，因为它们超出了“消费品”的定义。
除了直接销售给消费者的产品外，本禁令还适用于售后被消费者使用的产品，如用于住宅、学校、医院、公园、运动场、公共建筑或其它消费者可能直接接触油漆表面的区域。
3) 根据（1）发现儿童触及的油漆、涂层含铅量超过0.06%，则有铅中毒的极大的危险。
2、1500部分：对危险物质和危险品管理及执行的法规：2.1 1500.44 鉴别极易燃或易燃固体物质的方法1) 样品制备a) 颗粒、粉未和糊状的样品：把样品放入一个平底的矩形金属舟中，舟的尺寸为152.4mm ×25.4mm，深6.35mm。
b) 硬质或软质固体：测量样品尺寸，用金属环形架，夹子、环或其它装置，将样品固定，使其长轴水平放置，使样品最大表面积自然暴露。
2) 步骤：把制备好的样品置于无气流处，该处能在每次试验后进行通风和清洁。
试验时，样品温度应保持在20℃～30℃之间。
CFR法规中文
PART 1303—BAN OF LEAD-CONTAINING PAINT AND CERTAIN CONSUMER PRODUCTS BEARING LEAD-CONTAINING PAINT1303部分--禁用含铅油漆以及某些使用含铅油漆的消费品1303.1 Scope and application.适用范围1303.2 Definitions.定义1303.3 Exemptions.豁免1303.4 Banned hazardous products.禁止使用的有害产品1303.5 Findings.依据§ 1303.1 Scope and application.1303.1 适用范围(a) In this part 1303, the Consumer Product Safety Commission declares that paintand similar surface-coating materials for consumer use that contain lead or lead compounds and in which the lead content (calculated as lead metal) is in excess of 0.06 percent of the weight of the total nonvolatile content of the paint or the weight of the dried paint film (which paint and similar surface-coating materials are referred to hereafter as ‘‘lead-containing paint’’) are banned hazardous products under sections 8 and 9 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA),A.在该1303部分，消费品安全委员会声明：依照《消费品安全法案》（CPSA）的第八部分和第九部分, 在《消费品安全法案》（CPSA）30（d）中的依据，根据公众利益，所规范的CPSA下的含铅油漆及某些覆盖有该类油漆的消费品），用于消费目的, 含铅或铅化合物的油漆和类似表层材料（以下简称”含铅涂料”），其中铅含量（以金属铅计算）超过油漆的总非挥发物或干油漆膜重量0.06%的，为有害产品, 予以禁用。
巴西法规定稿版--中文版本brazil-rdc-16-2013-gmp-requirements-en-2014-10-27讲解
RDC No.16: 2013年3月28本法规批准医疗器械以及体外诊断产品的良好作业规范的技术法规及其他条款巴西健康监督机构（ANVISA）的董事会执行1999年4月16日Decree 3.029批准的法规Article 11的子部分IV规定的职责，并考虑了Bylaws的Article 54的第1和3段以及Subsection II规定的条款，该法规根据Administrative Rule 354（2006年8月11日发表，并于2006年8月21日在巴西官方公报（DOU）再次发表）Exhibit I的规定批准的，；考虑了Act 6360（1976年9月23日）及其法规，Decree 79094（1977年1月5日）；鉴于需要内在化Resolution MERCOSUL/GMC/RES 20/11，批准的“MERCOSUL Technical Regulation of Good Manufacturing Practices for Medical and in vitro Diagnostic Products医疗和体外诊断产品的良好生产规范的MERCOSUL技术法规（撤销Resolutions GMC 04/95、38/96、65/96和131/96）”；鉴于与医疗和体外诊断产品有关的良好生产规范的法规必须确保在巴西商品化的产品的质量、安全性和有效性；鉴于需要促使完善有关管理和控制医疗和体外诊断产品的国内体系；采纳董事会和执行总裁的以下法规，确定本法规的发表：Article 1：本法规批准“医疗和体外诊断产品的良好生产规范的技术法规”，在此附上的条款是本法规的一部分。
Sole Paragraph：本法规构成国家法律体系法规GMC MERCOSUL 20/2011“MERCOSUL Technical Regulation of Good Manufacturing Practices for Medical and in vitro Diagnostic Products医疗和体外诊断产品的良好生产规范的MERCOSUL技术法规（撤销Resolutions GMC 04/95、38/96、65/96和131/96）”。
16 CFR 1303中文翻译
(b) This ban applies to the products in the categories described in paragraph (a) of this section
that are manufactured after February 27, 1978, and which are ‘‘consumer products’’ as that
美克家具制造业
企划部信息资料Hale Waihona Puke 文件编号：2007082903
(2) Lead-containing paint means paint or other similar surface coating materials containing lead or lead compounds and in which the lead content(calculated as lead metal) is in excess of 0.06 percent by weight of the total nonvolatile content of the paint or the weight of the dried paint film. 含铅涂料是指油漆或其他类似表层涂料含铅或铅化合物,含铅量(按铅金属计算)超过油漆 的总非挥发性物质或干油漆膜重量的 0.06%。
included within the scope of the ban because they are outside the statutory definition of
‘‘consumer product’’. In addition to those products which are sold directly to consumers, the
CPSC16CFR美国联邦法规要求
玩具要求美国联邦法规第16部分（CPSC 16CFR）要求美国联邦法规与玩具有关的内容如下：1、1303部分：关于含铅油漆和某些含有铅油漆消费品的禁令条款1) 在1303部分，消费品产品安全委员会根据消费品安全条例（CPSA）15U.S.C.2057，2058第8.9章公布，供消费者使用的油漆和类似的涂层材料含铅或铅化合物（以金属铅计）不得超过总的不挥发油漆重量或干漆层重量的0.06%，否则则为危险品，禁止使用。
下列消费品被宣布为禁止使用的危险品。
a) 用于儿童使用的，含有“含铅油漆”的玩具和其它制品；b) 供消费者使用的，含有“含铅油漆”的家俱制品。
2) 本禁令适用于（a）段所述的1978后制造的产品，这些产品称为“消费品”，该术语已在SPSA第3（a）（1）中作了定义。
法规包括上文述及的习惯为销售、使用、消费或家庭内外，学校、娱乐场等供消费者观赏的产品和分发的消费品。
摩托车、轮船所用的油漆，不包括在本禁令的范围内，因为它们超出了“消费品”的定义。
除了直接销售给消费者的产品外，本禁令还适用于售后被消费者使用的产品，如用于住宅、学校、医院、公园、运动场、公共建筑或其它消费者可能直接接触油漆表面的区域。
年2月27日3) 根据（1）发现儿童触及的油漆、涂层含铅量超过0.06%，则有铅中毒的极大的危险。
2、1500部分：对危险物质和危险品管理及执行的法规：2.1 1500.44 鉴别极易燃或易燃固体物质的方法1) 样品制备a) 颗粒、粉未和糊状的样品：把样品放入一个平底的矩形金属舟中，舟的尺寸为152.4mm×25.4mm，深6.35mm。
b) 硬质或软质固体：测量样品尺寸，用金属环形架，夹子、环或其它装置，将样品固定，使其长轴水平放置，使样品最大表面积自然暴露。
2) 步骤：把制备好的样品置于无气流处，该处能在每次试验后进行通风和清洁。
试验时，样品温度应保持在20℃～30℃之间。
取一根直径不小于25.4mm的还在燃烧的蜡烛，使火焰与试验样品的长轴方向的端部表面接触5秒，或者一直到燃烧为止，然后移去蜡烛，用秒表测定样品的点燃后的自燃时间。
cfr 贸易术语的版本
cfr 贸易术语的版本CFR（成本加运费，即Cost and Freight）是国际贸易术语中的一种，它是指卖方负责将货物从装货港口运输到目的港口，并负责支付运费，同时卖方也承担了货物交付目的地港口的全部成本和风险。
CFR这个术语是根据国际贸易规则制定的国际商会（ICC）的《国际商用术语解释通则》（Incoterms）中规定的，并且在全球范围内广泛使用。
它通常适用于水路或内河贸易方式，适用于国际海运或内河运输。
在CFR术语下，卖方的责任包括：1.货物交付：卖方必须将货物装货并交付给承运人，并且承担了将货物运输到目的地港口所需的费用和风险。
2.运输合同：卖方有责任与承运人签订合同，并承担与货物运输有关的所有费用，包括装卸费、码头费和保险费等。
3.出口许可证和文件：卖方应准备并提供出口许可证和出口文件，如商业发票、提单和其他必要的文件。
4.在目的地港口解货：卖方应与承运人一起办理出口清关手续，并负责解货事宜。
而买方在CFR术语下的责任包括：1.支付货款：买方需要按照合同约定的时间和方式支付货款，包括货物的成本和运费。
2.进口许可证和文件：买方有责任办理进口许可证和各种进口文件，确保顺利接收货物。
3.清关和进口税：买方需要支付与目的地港口清关有关的费用，并承担进口税、关税和附加费等。
CFR术语的适用范围较广，但也存在一定的局限性。
首先，CFR术语适用于水运方式，对于其他运输方式（如航空运输、铁路运输和公路运输）不适用。
其次，CFR术语仅规定了卖方负责将货物交付目的地港口，没有规定卖方将货物清关、交付至买方指定的目的地，这可能会造成买方在目的地港口之后的费用和风险。
在实际操作中，买卖双方在合同签订之前应明确双方的权利和责任，确保双方都能充分了解CFR术语的条款。
此外，根据实际情况，买卖双方也可以根据需要选择其他适合的贸易术语，以确保交易更加顺利。
总之，CFR（成本加运费）是国际贸易中常用的术语之一，它规定了卖方将货物从装货港口运输到目的地港口的责任和义务。
美国部分法规及标准要求简介
CPSIA, Section 103,104,105,107
CPSIA法规的化学测试要求
—— Sec.101含铅的儿童产品，铅涂料的 规定
CPSIA, Sec.101(a) —— Total lead in substrate materials 儿童产品中的基材铅含量 •从2009年8月14日起，0.03%（300 ppm） •从2011年8月14日起，0.01%（100 ppm）
该法案对儿童产品的安全提出了更高的要 求，并对消费品安全委员会（CPSC）进行 了适当的改革。
美国消费品安全委员会（Consumer Product Safety Committee, CPSC）是为保护 公众免受与消费品有关的不合理伤害风险
儿童产品
根据美国《联邦法规》第16卷1200部分的说明，“儿 童产品”被定义为“主要为不超过12 岁的儿童设计或供其 使用的消费产品。”
化学测试要求：
CPSIA, Section 101
(a) Total lead in substrate materials 基材铅含量 (f) Total lead in Paint and Surface Coatings 涂层 铅含量 (16 CFR 1303测试要求)
CPSIA, Section 108
Section 103. Tracking labels for children’s products 第103条款. 儿童产品上的追溯标签
Section 104. Standards and consumer registration of durable nursery products
美国消费品安全改进法案 The US Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act
美国燃烧标准 16 CFR
U.S. CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSIONOffice of ComplianceChildren’s Sleepwear Regulations 1, 16 C.F.R. Parts 1615 & 16161This document is a simple summary of the children’s sleepwear requirements and does not replace the requirements published in 16 C.F.R. Parts 1615 & 1616. The summary does not include all of the details included in those requirements. For those details,please refer to the regulation or contact the Office of Compliance at the address below.What is the purpose of the children’s sleepwear flammability standards?To protect children from burns, these rules require that children’s sleepwear must be flame resistant and self-extinguish if a flame from a candle, match, lighter or a similar item causes it to catch fire. The rules cover all children’s sleepwear above size 9 months and up to size 14 and require that(1) the fabric and garments must pass certainflammability tests; or(2) be "tight fitting" as defined by specifieddimensions.Where can I find the requirements for children’s sleepwear?The regulations are published in the Code of Federal Regulations in Title 16, Part 1615 for children’ssleepwear sized above 9 months and up to 6X, and in Title 16, Part 1616 for children’s sleepwear sized 7through 14. The two rules contain basically the same requirements, with the main difference being the sizes of the garments covered by each.What is children’s sleepwear?Children’s sleepwear is any article of clothing, such as a nightgown, pajama, robe or loungewear, that is sized above 9 months and up to size 14 and that is intended to be worn primarily for sleeping or activities related to sleeping.To determine whether a garment is sleepwear, the Commission considers:1. The nature of the garment and its suitability forsleeping or activities related to sleeping;2. How the garment is promoted and distributed; and3. The likelihood that the garment will be used bychildren primarily for sleeping or activities related to sleeping in a substantial number of cases.Underwear and diapers are not children’s sleepwear.A garment sized nine months or smaller intended for use by infants is not required to meet the standard if:(1) It is a one-piece garment and is not longer than 25¾ inches, or it is a two-piece garment and has no piece longer than 15 ¾ inches; and(2) It has a label stating in months the age of thechildren for whom it is intended.Even though these types of garments are exempt from the requirements of this rule, they must still meet the flammability requirements for clothing textiles, 16C.F.R. 1610 and vinyl plastic film, 16 C.F.R. 1611.How do I test sleepwear to make sure that it complies with the flammability standards?Because of the detail in the regulation, we have only provided a general overview of the sampling and testing requirements. For more detailed information about the test equipment and procedure, sampling garments or fabric, selecting specimens, and other requirements, please refer to the regulation or contact the Office of Compliance.The general test uses a sample of five 3½ inch by 10-inch specimens cut from the fabric or garment seams and trim being tested. Each specimen is testedseparately. Place each specimen in a metal holder and suspend each holder vertically in the test cabinet.Apply the gas flame to the bottom edge of thespecimen for 3 seconds. Measure the char length of each specimen.Testing for flammability involves selecting and testing a specified number of samples of three different items – fabric, prototype seams and trim, and production garment seams. Fabric (or garments) must be tested as produced (or after one laundering) and after 50 launderings.Depending on the results of testing, an item may be accepted, rejected, or require additional sampling and testing. In general, a sample of five specimens cannot have an average char length greater than 7.0 inches or have more than a specified number of individual 10-inch char lengths.Fabric: Finished fabric that is ready to be made into sleepwear must be grouped into Fabric Production Units (FPUs) and tested before you use the fabric to make prototype garments. An FPU may be up to 5,000 linear yards of the fabric. You may include different colors or print patterns of the same fabric in the same FPU if they exhibit similar burn characteristics. Test one sample of five specimens from each end of each FPU (two samples per FPU).The FPU is accepted or rejected based upon the fabric sampling plan criteria. If 15 consecutive FPUs of a fabric are accepted, the number of linear yards of fabric in the FPU may be increased. If an FPU is rejected, subsequent FPUs must be tested with a third sample of five specimens taken from the middle of the FPU.Garment prototypes: Before you actually produce garments that will be sold, you must test prototypes of each garment design characteristic. This testing helps to ensure that you have designed a garment that will comply with the standards when it is mass-produced. Seam types and trim that will actually be used in the garments must be tested. Most sleeve and neckline bindings/rib cuffs do not have to be tested. Test three samples, five specimens each, of the longest seam type, three samples of each different seam type 10 inches or longer, and three samples of each type of trim.Prototype seams and trims are accepted or rejected based upon the prototype sampling plan criteria. Production garments: Finished garments produced for sale must be grouped into Garment Production Units (GPUs) and tested. One GPU may include up to 500 dozen garments. A GPU may include garments with different trim and fasteners, as long as the other characteristics of the garments (e.g. fabric, thread, and seam construction), are identical, except for size, color, and print pattern.From randomly selected garments, test three samples, five specimens each, from the longest type of seam.GPUs are accepted or rejected based upon the production garment sampling plan.What if sleepwear fails the flammability tests? Rejected units may not be retested, used, or promoted for use in children’s sleepwear. Rejected units can be destroyed, exported (only with CPSC approval), or reworked to improve their flammability resistance. You must retest reworked units according to the FPU and GPU testing procedure. Such units must comply with the flammability requirements before the fabric or garments are introduced into commerce as children’s sleepwear.How do I make tight-fitting sleepwear?Tight-fitting sleepwear garments must(1)not exceed the maximum dimensions specified inthe regulations for the chest, waist, seat, upperarm, thigh, wrist, or ankle;(2)have no fabric ornament or trim, such as lace orribbon, which extends more than ¼ inch from thepoint at which it is attached to the garment;(3)have sleeves that taper from the shoulders to theends of the sleeves(4)have pant legs that taper from the thighs to theends of the pant legs;(5)if they are 1-piece, taper from the chest down tothe waist and from the seat up to the waist;(6)if they are 2-piece,(a)have an upper piece that tapers from the chestto the bottom of the piece,(b)if the upper piece has fastenings, have thelowest fastening located within 6 inches of thebottom of the piece, and(c)have a lower piece that tapers from the seat tothe top of the piece;(7)bear a permanent label stating size of garment.(8)bear a hang tag alerting buyers that the garmentsare not flame-resistant and should be worn snugfitting because loose-fitting garments are morelikely to catch fire(9)comply with all of the flammability requirementsfor clothing textiles and vinyl plastic film.Figure 3 - Text of HangtagWhat are the marketing responsibilities of retailers, distributors and wholesalers who sell children’s sleepwear?Retailers, distributors and wholesalers of children’s sleepwear (including infant sleepwear (sized 9 months and under) and tight fitting sleepwear) should(1)not advertise, promote, or sell as children’ssleepwear, any garment which another party hasindicated does not meet the requirements of thechildren’s sleepwear flammability standards and/or are not intended or suitable for use as sleepwear;(2)place or advertise fabrics and garments covered bythe children’s sleepwear standards in differentparts of a department, store, catalog, or web site,from those in which fabrics and garments whichmay resemble but are not children’s sleepwear are sold or marketed;(3)use store display signs, and/or catalog or web sitenotations that point out the difference betweendifferent types of fabrics and garments, forexample, by indicating which are sleepwear items and which are not; and(4)avoid advertising or promoting garments or fabricsthat do not comply with the children’s sleepwearstandards in a manner that may cause consumers to view those items as children’s sleepwear or asbeing suitable for making such sleepwear.Are there any requirements for labeling and keeping records?Yes, for sleepwear garments that meet the flammability performance requirements there are additional requirements. Please refer to the regulation for more detailed information. In general:(1)each article of children's sleepwear must have apermanent label with instructions on how to takecare of the garment to protect it from chemicals or other treatments that can reduce its flameresistance;(2)children's sleepwear must have a permanent labelwith a unit identification (number, letter, date, orcombination thereof) so manufacturers can trackthe garment's associated fabric and garmentproduction lots in the event of a recall;(3)manufacturers and importers must maintain writtenrecords as specified in the regulations.Are there any other requirements for children’s sleepwear?Yes. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has labeling laws that apply to clothing. Contact the FTC at for more information. In addition, even though functional attachments to clothing, such as buttons and zipper pulls, are exempt from the “Small Parts” regulation, we recommend that you voluntarily test such attachments on garments up to and including size 2 to ensure that those children cannot choke, aspirate, or swallow those attachments. (See the “use and abuse” tests described at 16 C.F.R.§§ 1500.50 through 1500.52, and the small parts requirements at 16 C.F.R. Part 1501.)Where can I find additional information?You can obtain the Standards for the Flammability of Children’s Sleepwear, 16 C.F.R. Parts 1615 & 1616, from the CPSC web site at: . For more information on the requirements for children’s sleepwear contact the Consumer Product Safety Commission, Office of Compliance, Washington, D.C. 20207, telephone: (301) 504-7913, e-mail:sect15@.。
美国联邦法规第16部分(CPSC16CFR)要求(2
美国联邦法规第16部分（CPSC 16 CFR）要求（2007-09-20）美国联邦法规与玩具有关的内容如下：1、1303部分：关于含铅油漆和某些含有铅油漆消费品的禁令条款1) 在1303部分，消费品产品安全委员会根据消费品安全条例（CPSA）15U.S.C.2057，2058第8.9章公布，供消费者使用的油漆和类似的涂层材料含铅或铅化合物（以金属铅计）不得超过总的不挥发油漆重量或干漆层重量的0.06%，否则则为危险品，禁止使用。
下列消费品被宣布为禁止使用的危险品。
a) 用于儿童使用的，含有“含铅油漆”的玩具和其它制品；b) 供消费者使用的，含有“含铅油漆”的家俱制品。
2) 本禁令适用于（a）段所述的1978年2月27日后制造的产品，这些产品称为“消费品”，该术语已在SPSA第3（a）（1）中作了定义。
法规包括上文述及的习惯为销售、使用、消费或家庭内外，学校、娱乐场等供消费者观赏的产品和分发的消费品。
摩托车、轮船所用的油漆，不包括在本禁令的范围内，因为它们超出了“消费品”的定义。
除了直接销售给消费者的产品外，本禁令还适用于售后被消费者使用的产品，如用于住宅、学校、医院、公园、运动场、公共建筑或其它消费者可能直接接触油漆表面的区域。
3) 根据（1）发现儿童触及的油漆、涂层含铅量超过0.06%，则有铅中毒的极大的危险。
2、1500部分：对危险物质和危险品管理及执行的法规：2.1 1500.44 鉴别极易燃或易燃固体物质的方法1) 样品制备a) 颗粒、粉未和糊状的样品：把样品放入一个平底的矩形金属舟中，舟的尺寸为152.4mm×25.4mm，深6.35mm。
b) 硬质或软质固体：测量样品尺寸，用金属环形架，夹子、环或其它装置，将样品固定，使其长轴水平放置，使样品最大表面积自然暴露。
2) 步骤：把制备好的样品置于无气流处，该处能在每次试验后进行通风和清洁。
试验时，样品温度应保持在20℃～30℃之间。
cfr 法规 中文
PART 1303—BAN OF LEAD-CONTAINING PAINT AND CERTAIN CONSUMER PRODUCTS BEARING LEAD-CONTAINING PAINT1303部分--禁用含铅油漆以及某些使用含铅油漆的消费品1303.1 Scope and application.适用范围1303.2 Definitions.定义1303.3 Exemptions.豁免1303.4 Banned hazardous products.禁止使用的有害产品1303.5 Findings.依据§ 1303.1 Scope and application.1303.1 适用范围(a) In this part 1303, the Consumer Product Safety Commission declares that paint and similar surface-coating materials for consumer use that contain lead or lead compounds and in which the lead content (calculated as lead metal) is in excess of 0.06 percent of the weight of the total nonvolatile content of the paint or the weight of the dried paint film (which paint and similar surface-coating materials are referred to hereafter as ‘‘lead-containing paint’’) are banned hazardous products under sections 8 and 9 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA),A.在该1303部分，消费品安全委员会声明：依照《消费品安全法案》（CPSA）的第八部分和第九部分, 在《消费品安全法案》（CPSA）30（d）中的依据，根据公众利益，所规范的CPSA 下的含铅油漆及某些覆盖有该类油漆的消费品），用于消费目的, 含铅或铅化合物的油漆和类似表层材料（以下简称”含铅涂料”），其中铅含量（以金属铅计算）超过油漆的总非挥发物或干油漆膜重量0.06%的，为有害产品, 予以禁用。
16CFR part1610服用纺织品可燃性测试标准原版标准双语对照
1610部分—衣用纺织品易燃性标准STANDARD FOR THE PART 1610—FLAMMABILITY OF CLOTHINGTEXTILES子部分The StandardA ——标准Subpart A—节.Sec.§1610.1 目的、范围与适用性。
1610.1 Purpose, scope and applicability.§1610.2 定义1610.2 Definitions.§1610.3 测试方法概要1610.3 Summary of test method.§1610.4 纺织品分级的要求1610.4 Requirements for classifying textiles.§1610.5 测试设备与材料1610.5 Test apparatus and materials.§1610.6 测试步骤1610.6 Test procedure.§1610.7 测试程序与分级标准1610.7 Test sequence and classification criteria.§1610.8 结果报告1610.8 Reporting results.Subpart B—Subpart B—Rules and RegulationsRules and Regulations1610.31 Definitions.1610.31 Definitions.1610.32 General requirements.1610.32 General requirements.1610.33 Test procedures for textile fabrics and film.1610.33 Test procedures for textile fabrics and film.1610.34 Only uncovered or exposed parts of wearing apparel to be 1610.34 Only uncovered or exposed parts of wearing apparel to betested.tested.1610.35 Procedures for testing special types of textile fabrics under 1610.35 Procedures for testing special types of textile fabrics underthe standard.the standard.1610.36 Application of Act to particular types of products. 1610.36 Application of Act to particular types of products.1610.37 Reasonable and representative tests to support guaranties. 1610.37 Reasonable and representative tests to support guaranties.1610.38 Maintenance of records by those furnishing guaranties. 1610.38 Maintenance of records by those furnishing guaranties.1610.39 Shipments under section 11(c) of the Act.1610.39 Shipments under section 11(c) of the Act.1610.40 Use of alternative apparatus, procedures, or criteria for tests 1610.40 Use of alternative apparatus, procedures, or criteria for testsfor guaranty purposes.for guaranty purposes.Subpart C Subpart C—Interpretations and Policies—Interpretations and Policies1610.61 Reasonable and representative testing to assure compliance 1610.61 Reasonable and representative testing to assure compliancewith the standard for the clothing textiles.with the standard for the clothing textiles.F1 P AF1610—SFA SF1 P1610—PPARA TUS LAMMABILITY PPARA TUS KETCH OF ART KETCH OF IGURE LAMMABILITY IGURE TO TO ARTF2 P A16102 FP—FV1610—FA V IEWSIGURE TO PPARA TUS ART IGURE ART LAMMABILITY PPARA TUS TO IEWSLAMMABILITYF3 P1610SSSPF3 1610—H—SHSS PECIMEN TO TO ART PECIMEN ART PECIMEN IGURE OLDER UPPORTED IN PECIMEN UPPORTED IN IGURE OLDERR R ACK ACKF4 F4 P1610—A TEAP1610—I ETI NDICA TOR ART XAMPLE OF A TO IGURE TO ART YPICAL IGURE N XAMPLE OF A YPICAL NDICA TOR NF F INGERINGERF5 P1610—A SGTEA1610P5 F—ETGS HIELD N IGURE YPICAL N XAMPLE OF A YPICAL AS HIELD TO ART XAMPLE OF A AS IGURE TO ARTF6 P6 F P I—1610—I1610GNITERIGURE TO GNITERART IGURE ART TOF1610P—7 F7 P1610—BD DB EVICE IGURE ART EVICE RUSHING TO RUSHING TO IGURE ARTF F8 P B—1610P16108 —B RUSHRUSHIGURE ART TO TO IGURE ARTF9 P1610—TD B B—1610D P9 T F EMPLA TE EVICE IGURE EMPLA TE RUSHING ART IGURE TO EVICE TO RUSHING ARTS: 73 FR 15640, Mar. 25, 2008, unless otherwise noted. S: 73 FR 15640, Mar. 25, 2008, unless otherwise noted. OURCE OURCE A–: 15 U.S.C. 1191A: 15 U.S.C. 1191–1204.1204UTHORITY UTHORITY）Subpart A（修订2011.02 | ）Subpart A（初稿2010.12Consumer Product Safety Commission 16 CFR Ch. II (1–1–10 Edition)子部分A ——标准The Standard—Subpart A§1610.1 1610.1 Purpose, scope and applicability.目的、范围与适用性。
CPSC美国玩具安全标准与规定
警告：
窒息危险——玩具含有小球
不适用于3岁以下儿童使用
（4）弹子
*)三岁或以上儿童使用的弹子，标识应写明：
警告：
窒息危险——此玩具是弹子，不适用于三岁以下儿童使用。
**)至少三岁但小于8岁儿童使用并含有弹子的玩具或游戏机，标识应写明：
警告：
窒息危险——玩具含有弹子
不适用于3岁以下儿童使用
（c）以上标签要用英语写而且要清晰易读在以下地方：
5、脉冲
在距玩具表面25厘米的任何位置测量时，玩具不能产生瞬间声级超过138分贝的脉冲噪音。
电池驱动玩具的基本要求
在ASTM F963-96a中总共有十一条来说明使用电池驱动玩具时潜在的危险如遇热过度，渗漏和爆炸等。
1、包装
电池盖或电池盖附近要标有永久性清晰易懂的电池极性和电压标志。
2、最高可允许额定电压
童车
16CFRPart 1512
电动玩具
16CFRPart 1505
没有通过测试的产品严禁出售，在美国销售此类产品属于违法行为。如禁售产品在装运准备入关，则CPSC美国海关扣压货物或禁止该货物入关。如果进品商仍在销售以前的没有通过测试的产品，则要求进口商停止销售。如果玩具具有严重的造成意外事故的危险，或经CPSC判定为不符合安全规定的玩具，则要求进口商从零售商和顾客中收回这些玩具。
—在产品包装的主要展示面；
国际贸易术语解释通则之CFR（中英对照）
国际贸易术语解释通则之CFR（中英对照）COST AND FREIGHT 成本加运费CFR (insert named port of destination) Incoterms 2010 成本加运费（…指定⽬的港）GUIDANCE NOTE 序⾔This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. “Cost and Freight” means that the seller delivers the goods on board the vessel or procures the goods already so delivered. The risk of loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are on board the vessel.该术语仅适⽤于海运或内河运输。
“Cost and Freight”是指当卖⽅将货物运⾄船上或取得已按此送交的货物，即完成交货。
当货物已运⾄船上时，货物灭失或损坏的风险发⽣转移。
The seller must contract for and pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination.卖⽅还必须订⽴货物运⾄指定⽬的港的合同并⽀付成本和运费。
When CPT, CIP, CFR or CIF are used, the seller fulfils its obligation to deliver when it hands the goods over to the carrier in the manner specified in the chosen rule and not when the goods reach the place of destination.当使⽤CPT, CIP, CFR 或CIF等术语时，卖⽅承担其将货物按照所选规则指定的⽅式交付承运⼈前所有风险和费⽤，⽽当货物运⾄指定⽬的地后，由买⽅承担⼀切风险和费⽤。
美国部分法规及标准要求简介
Section 104. Standards and consumer registration of
美国消费品安全改进法案 The US Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act
② 产品外部的油漆、涂层和电镀层等都视为无效的保护措施，因为这 些措施在产品正常使用、可预见用途和误用时无法阻止产品中的铅 与人体接触。
&l料
(1) 贵重宝石：钻石、红宝石、蓝宝石、绿宝石；
(2) 某些准宝石，只要矿物或材料不是基于铅或铅化合物，并且在性质上与基于铅或铅化合 物的矿物无关（含铅或在性质上与含铅矿物有关的矿物包括但不限于：文石、钒酸铅矿、 银铜氯铅矿、白铅矿、赤铅矿、方铅矿、青铅矿、砷铅矿、角铅矿、钒铅矿和钼铅矿）；
CPSIA, Sec.101(f) —— Total lead in Paint and Surface Coatings 涂层铅含量 (16 CFR 1303测试要求) •从2009年8月14日起，0.009%（90 ppm） •该条款是对16 CFR 1303的修订。
CPSIA法规的化学测试要求
Mandatory toy safety standards 强制性玩具安全标准 ASTM F963
• Third-Party Testing of Children's Products某些 儿童产品的第三方检测 • General Certification一般符合性证书
CPSIA, Section 103,104,105,107
“……任何能够放入儿童嘴里的儿童玩具或者儿童保 育用品……”
16 CFR Part 1200 中文翻译
16 CFR Part 1200 中文翻译DEFINITION OF CHILDREN'S PRODUCT UNDER THE CONSUM ER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT第1200部分--在消费品安全法案下对儿童产品的定义Sec.1200.1 Purpose. 目的1200.2 Definition of children's product. 儿童产品的定义---------------------------------------------------------------------------Sec. 1200.1 Purpose. 目的This part provides guidance on the definition of children's product an d the factors the Commission will consider when making determinations r egarding children's products as set forth under 15 U.S.C. 2052(2).这一部分对在儿童产品的定义和当委员会按照15 U.S.C. 2052(2).的要求关于判定儿童产品时将考虑的因素提供指导。
Sec. 1200.2 Definition of children's product. 儿童产品的定义。
(a) Definition of “Children's Product”—(a)儿童产品的定义(1) Under section 3(a)(2) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA), a children's product means a consumer product designed or intended primarily for children 12 years of age or younger. The term “designed or intended primarily”applies to those consumer products mainly for childr en 12 years old or younger. Whether a product is primarily intended for children 12 years of age or younger is determined by considering the fou r specified statutory factors. These factors are:窗体顶端(1)在消费品安全法案(CPSA)第3部分(a) (2)，“儿童产品”指要紧为不超过12岁的儿童使用而设计的消费产品。
CFR_1303法规 - 中文
PART 1303—BAN OF LEAD-CONTAINING PAINT AND CERTAIN CONSUMER PRODUCTS BEARING LEAD-CONTAINING PAINT1303部分--禁用含铅油漆以及某些使用含铅油漆的消费品Scope and application.适用范围Definitions.定义Exemptions.豁免Banned hazardous products.禁止使用的有害产品Findings.依据§Scope and application.适用范围(a) In this part 1303, the Consumer Product Safety Commission declares that paint and similar surface-coating materials for consumer use that contain lead or lead compounds and in which the lead content (calculated as lead metal) is in excess of percent of the weight of the total nonvolatile content of the paint or the weight of the dried paint film (which paint and similar surface-coating materials are referred to hereafter as ‘‘lead-containing paint’’) are banned hazardous products under sections 8 and 9 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA), 15 2057, 2058. (See parts and for the Commission’s finding under section 30(d) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA) that it is in the public interest to regulate lead-containing paint and certain consumer products bearing such paint under the CPSA.) The following consumer products are also declared to be banned hazardous products:A.在该1303部分，消费品安全委员会声明：依照《消费品安全法案》（CPSA）的第八部分和第九部分, 15 2057, 2058.（参考和委员会在《消费品安全法案》（CPSA）30（d）中的依据，根据公众利益，所规范的CPSA下的含铅油漆及某些覆盖有该类油漆的消费品），用于消费目的, 含铅或铅化合物的油漆和类似表层材料（以下简称”含铅涂料”），其中铅含量（以金属铅计算）超过油漆的总非挥发物或干油漆膜重量%的，为有害产品, 予以禁用。
消费品安全改进法案CPSIA
《消费品安全改进法案》（CPSIA）常见问题与解答1 第101(f)(3)节关于含铅油漆测试以及小面积部分是否可以免测?答:新法律并未对涂漆的小面积部分就适用的含铅限制标准给予豁免。
对于油漆或表层涂料总重量不超过10毫克或油漆或表层涂料面积不超过1平方厘米的产品，法律的确允许委员会采用X射线荧光技术（XRF）或其他替代方法进行筛选检验。
使用这种替代检验方法时，油漆或表层涂料总重量不超过10毫克或面积不超过1平方厘米的产品中的含铅量不得超过2微克。
2 根据美国联邦法规16 CFR § 1303.2，对含铅油漆和类似表层涂料的禁令并未包括电镀，新法案是否也如此规定？经电镀的底层是否可被视为“不可能被接触”？答:对于含铅的儿童产品，CPSIA具体规定油漆、涂层或电镀不得被视为可使底层中的铅不会被孩子接触的隔离层。
因此，电镀过的底层并不构成可受某儿童产品对CPSIA中有关含铅量限制标准豁免的基础。
根据16 CFR part 1303实施监管的物品，包括油漆和某些油漆过的物品，油漆和其他类似表层涂料的定义与过去相同，仍然不包括电镀。
3 关于儿童产品中总含铅量的新规定是否也适用于儿童书籍、磁带和CD、印刷的游戏板、招贴以及用于儿童教育的其他印刷品？答: 是的。
CPSIA对儿童产品的定义是主要为不超过12岁的儿童使用的产品。
因此这些产品必须符合美国联邦法规16 CFR part 1303关于油漆和表层涂料的含铅限制标准,以及于2009年8月14日生效的90ppm含铅量标准，另外还须符合关于儿童产品含铅量的新标准,如果儿童产品使用的印刷油墨或材料实际上成了底层的一部分，（例如塑料颗粒中的颜色）或是通过电镀或瓷釉与底层粘合的材料，就毋需执行含铅油漆限制标准。
但是，无论是否被排除在含铅限制标准之外，这些产品仍将被视作含铅产品，因此仍须符合儿童产品含铅量限制标准。
对于含铅儿童产品CPSIA有具体规定，油漆、涂层或电镀层不得被视为防止孩子接触到的底层中的铅的隔离层。
美国联邦资料法规第16部分(CPSC16CFR)要求(2
美国联邦法规第16部分（CPSC 16 CFR）要求（2007-09-20）美国联邦法规与玩具有关的内容如下：1、1303部分：关于含铅油漆和某些含有铅油漆消费品的禁令条款1) 在1303部分，消费品产品安全委员会根据消费品安全条例（CPSA）15U.S.C.2057，2058第8.9章公布，供消费者使用的油漆和类似的涂层材料含铅或铅化合物（以金属铅计）不得超过总的不挥发油漆重量或干漆层重量的0.06%，否则则为危险品，禁止使用。
下列消费品被宣布为禁止使用的危险品。
a) 用于儿童使用的，含有“含铅油漆”的玩具和其它制品；b) 供消费者使用的，含有“含铅油漆”的家俱制品。
2) 本禁令适用于（a）段所述的1978年2月27日后制造的产品，这些产品称为“消费品”，该术语已在SPSA第3（a）（1）中作了定义。
法规包括上文述及的习惯为销售、使用、消费或家庭内外，学校、娱乐场等供消费者观赏的产品和分发的消费品。
摩托车、轮船所用的油漆，不包括在本禁令的范围内，因为它们超出了“消费品”的定义。
除了直接销售给消费者的产品外，本禁令还适用于售后被消费者使用的产品，如用于住宅、学校、医院、公园、运动场、公共建筑或其它消费者可能直接接触油漆表面的区域。
3) 根据（1）发现儿童触及的油漆、涂层含铅量超过0.06%，则有铅中毒的极大的危险。
2、1500部分：对危险物质和危险品管理及执行的法规：2.1 1500.44 鉴别极易燃或易燃固体物质的方法1) 样品制备a) 颗粒、粉未和糊状的样品：把样品放入一个平底的矩形金属舟中，舟的尺寸为152.4mm×25.4mm，深6.35mm。
b) 硬质或软质固体：测量样品尺寸，用金属环形架，夹子、环或其它装置，将样品固定，使其长轴水平放置，使样品最大表面积自然暴露。
2) 步骤：把制备好的样品置于无气流处，该处能在每次试验后进行通风和清洁。
试验时，样品温度应保持在20℃～30℃之间。
16cfrpart1610服用纺织品可燃性测试标准(原版标准双语对照)
Reporting resuIts. PART 1610—STANDARD FOR THEFLAMMABILITY OF CLOTH I NG TEXTILESSubpart A—The StandardSec.Purpose, scope and appIicabiIity.Def in it ions.Summary of test method.Requ i rements for cI ass i fy i ng text i I es.Tes t appara tus and mater i a Is・Test procedure.Test sequenee and Subpart B——Rules and ReguI ationsDef i n i t i ons.Genera I requ i rements.Test procedures for textile fabr ics and fi Im・Only uncovered or exposed parts of wear i ng appare I to be test ed.Procedures for testing spec i a I types of text iIe fabr ics under the standard.AppIi cat i on of Act to particuI ar types of products.Reasonab Ie representativetests toc I ass i f i cation cr i teria.support guaranties.andMa i ntenance of records by those furnishing guaranties. Shipments under section 11 (c) of the Act.Use of alternative apparatus, procedures, or cr iteria fortests for guaranty purposes・Subpart C—I nterpretat i ons and PoliciesReasonab Ie and representat i ve test i ng to assure comp Iianee with the standard for the clothi ng text i I es.FIGURE 1 TO PART 1610—SKETCH OF FLAMMABILITY APPARATUSFIGURE 2 TO PART 1610—FLAMMABILITY APPARATUSFIGURE 3 TO PART 1610—SPECIMENHOLDER SUPPORTED IN SPECIMEN RACK FIGURE 4 TO PART 1610—AN EXAMPLE OF A TYPI CAL I ND ICATOR FINGERFIGURE 5 TO PART 1610—AN EXAMPLE OF A TYPICAL GAS SHIELDFIGURE 6 TO PART 1610—IGNITER FIGURE 7 TO PART 1610—BRUSHING DEVICEFIGURE 8 TO PART 1610—BRUSHFIGURE 9 TO PART 1610—BRUSHING DEVICE TEMPLATE2008, uni ess otherwi se noted.VIEWSSOURCE: 73 FR 15640, Mar. 25,AUTHORITY: 15 1191 - 1204. ReguI at i ons1610部分一衣用纺织品易燃性标准子部分A——标准节.§ 目的、范围与适用性。
16-CFR-1303法规---中文
PART 1303—BAN OF LEAD-CONTAINING PAINT AND CERTAIN CONSUMER PRODUCTS BEARING LEAD-CONTAINING PAINT1303部分--禁用含铅油漆以及某些使用含铅油漆的消费品1303.1 Scope and application.适用范围1303.2 Definitions.定义1303.3 Exemptions.豁免1303.4 Banned hazardous products.禁止使用的有害产品1303.5 Findings.依据§ 1303.1 Scope and application.1303.1 适用范围(a) In this part 1303, the Consumer Product Safety Commission declares that paint and similar surface-coating materials for consumer use that contain lead or lead compounds and in which the lead content (calculated as lead metal) is in excess of 0.06 percent of the weight of the total nonvolatile content of the paint or the weight of the dried paint film (which paint and similar surface-coating materials are referred to hereafter as ‘‘lead-containing paint’’) are banned hazardous products under sections 8 and 9 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA), 15 U.S.C. 2057, 2058. (See parts 1145.1 and 1145.2 for the Commission’s finding under section 30(d) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA) that it is in the public interest to regulate lead-containing paint and certain consumer products bearing such paint under the CPSA.) The following consumer products are also declared to be banned hazardous products:A.在该1303部分，消费品安全委员会声明：依照《消费品安全法案》（CPSA）的第八部分和第九部分, 15 U.S.C. 2057, 2058.（参考1145.1和1145.2 委员会在《消费品安全法案》（CPSA）30（d）中的依据，根据公众利益，所规范的CPSA下的含铅油漆及某些覆盖有该类油漆的消费品），用于消费目的, 含铅或铅化合物的油漆和类似表层材料（以下简称”含铅涂料”），其中铅含量（以金属铅计算）超过油漆的总非挥发物或干油漆膜重量0.06%的，为有害产品, 予以禁用。
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PART 1303—BAN OF LEAD-CONTAINING PAINT AND CERTAIN CONSUMER PRODUCTS BEARING LEAD-CONTAINING PAINT1303部分--禁用含铅油漆以及某些使用含铅油漆的消费品1303.1 Scope and application.适用范围1303.2 Definitions.定义1303.3 Exemptions.豁免1303.4 Banned hazardous products.禁止使用的有害产品1303.5 Findings.依据§ 1303.1 Scope and application.1303.1 适用范围(a) In this part 1303, the Consumer Product Safety Commission declares that paint and similar surface-coating materials for consumer use that contain lead or lead compounds and in which the lead content (calculated as lead metal) is in excess of 0.06 percent of the weight of the total nonvolatile content of the paint or the weight of the dried paint film (which paint and similar surface-coating materials are referred to hereafter as ‘‘lead-containing paint’’) are banned hazardous products under sections 8 and 9 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA), 15 U.S.C. 2057, 2058. (See parts 1145.1 and 1145.2 for the Commission’s finding under section 30(d) of the Consumer Product Safety Act (CPSA) that it is in the public interest to regulate lead-containing paint and certain consumer products bearing such paint under the CPSA.) The following consumer products are also declared to be banned hazardous products:A.在该1303部分，消费品安全委员会声明：依照《消费品安全法案》（CPSA）的第八部分和第九部分, 15 U.S.C. 2057, 2058.（参考1145.1和1145.2 委员会在《消费品安全法案》（CPSA）30（d）中的依据，根据公众利益，所规范的CPSA下的含铅油漆及某些覆盖有该类油漆的消费品），用于消费目的, 含铅或铅化合物的油漆和类似表层材料（以下简称”含铅涂料”），其中铅含量（以金属铅计算）超过油漆的总非挥发物或干油漆膜重量0.06%的，为有害产品, 予以禁用。
以下消费品也被声明作为禁用的危险产品：(1) Toys and other articles intended for use by children that bear ‘‘lead-containing paint’’.1. 带有“含铅涂料”的儿童玩具和其他儿童用品。
(2) Furniture articles for consumer use that bear ‘‘lead-containing paint’’.2. 带有“含铅涂料”的消费品家具。
(b) This ban applies to the products in the categories described in paragraph (a) of this section that are manufactured after February 27, 1978, and which are ‘‘consumer products’’ as that term is defined in section 3(a)(1) of the Consumer Product Safety Act. Accordingly, those of the products described above that are customarily produced or distributed for sale to or for use, consumption, or enjoyment of consumers in or around a household, in schools, in recreation, or otherwise are covered by the regulation. Paints and coatings for motor vehicles and boats are not included within the scope of the ban because they are outside the statutory definition of ‘‘consumer product’’. In addition to those products which are sold directly to consumers, the ban applies to products which are used or enjoyed by consumers after sale,such as paints used in residences, schools, hospitals, parks, playgrounds, and public buildings or other areas where consumers will have direct access to the painted surface.B.该禁令适用于1978年2月27日以后制造的，在该部分(a)段中提到的产品，以及在《消费品安全法案》第三部分(a)(1)中定义的消费品. 相应地, 为用于家庭、学校或者娱乐场所使用、消费、享用的产品. 另外，该禁令对于直接卖给消费者的产品，适用于那些消费者在购买后使用或享用的物件，比如用在住房，学校，医院，公园，操场和公共场所的建筑物或其他场合, 消费者可能直接接触其涂层的油漆。
用于机动车辆和船的油漆以及涂层不在该禁令的范围之内，因为这些不在“消费品”的范畴。
(c) The Commission has issued the ban because it has found (1) that there is an unreasonable risk of lead poisoning in children associated with lead content of over 0.06 percent in paints and coatings to which children have access and (2) that no feasibleconsumer product safety standard under the CPSA would adequately protect the public from this risk.C.委员会发布该法令, 是因为已经发现（1）儿童相当高的铅中毒风险与儿童接触到的,超过0.06％铅含量的油漆和涂料有关，（2）在CPSA下, 无可执行的消费品安全标准, 用于充分保护公众免于铅中毒的危险。
§1303.2Definitions.13.03.2 定义The definitions in section 3 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15U.S.C. 2052) shall apply to this part 1303.A. 《消费品安全法案》第三节的定义(15U.S.C. 2052)亦适用于该1303部分(B)For purposes of this part:B. 此部分的含义:(1) Paint and other similar surface-coating materials means a fluid, semi-fluid, or other material, with or without a suspension of finely divided coloring matter, which changes to a solid film when a thin layer is applied to a metal, wood, stone, paper, leather, cloth, plastic, or other surface. This term does not include printing inks or those materials which actually become a part of the substrate, such as the pigment in a plastic article, or those materials which are actually bonded to the substrate, such as by electroplating or ceramic glazing.1. 油漆和其他类似表面涂层原料是指含有或不含悬浮状态的色素颗粒的, 涂布于诸如金属、木材、石头、纸、皮革、布料，塑料或其他表面的时候，会变成固态薄膜的流体、半流体,及其他材料。
该术语不包括印刷墨水或那些实际上已经变成基质一部分的材料，例如塑料制品中的颜料，或者那些事实上与底层结合到一起的材料，例如电镀或上瓷器釉。
(2) Lead-containing paint means paint or other similar surface coating materials containing lead or lead compounds and in which the lead content(calculated as lead metal) is in excess of 0.06 percent by weight of the total nonvolatile content of the paint or the weight of the dried paint film.2. 含铅涂料是指含铅或铅化合物, 含铅量(按铅金属计算)超过油漆的总非挥发物或干油漆膜重量的0.06%的油漆或其他类似表层涂料。