2013年广东外语外贸大学英语翻译硕士考研真题及其答案解析

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2013年广东外语外贸大学翻译硕士状元笔记

中国古代的鲜卑山即为当今的：大兴安岭山脉以下哪个不属于十二生肖：鸭，牛，羊韦小宝的七个老婆之中，最变态的是：公主古代的死刑在什么季节行刑：秋季《还珠格格》中的皇帝是：乾隆五岳中的中岳是：嵩山武侯祠在什么地方：四川成都“滑铁卢”是失败的代名词，滑铁卢战役与谁有关：拿破仑滦河不流经：山东世界上最大的坐佛位于：中国的四川“刘三姐”是我国哪个少数民族民间传说中的人物：壮族中亚气候的最大特征是：干旱五四运动的导火线是巴黎和会讨论中国青岛的：归属问题被称为“瓷都”的是我国哪一城市：景德镇埃及地处非洲的：东北部被称为太阳王的国王是谁：路易十四火把节在每年农历的什么时间举行：六月二十四日古代的死刑在什么季节行刑：秋季围棋棋盘共有几个交*点正确答案： 361个有关东亚气候的叙述，正确的是：东部属季风气候世界上种植面积最大种植量最广泛的粮食作物是：小麦南北朝时期西南地区有一次大规模移民事件，叫做"僚人入蜀"。

请问他们是从哪里去的：贵州哪里是道教正一派在华北地区最大的道观：北京东岳庙马拉松赛跑中的“马拉松”一词是指：地名第一次登陆月球，登月舱停留月面时间有多长： 21小时多地质学家把地球的历史分成几个“代”，“代”下面还有“纪”，划分的主要依据是：生物的演变正月又名：杨月热带有几个季节： 2个每个帝王陵区只有一个主神道，一般修在谁的陵前：第一个埋葬者蒙哥马利是什么人：英国陆军元帅一年四季中，西藏没有哪一个季节：夏季把办理与银钱有关的大金融机构称为银行,最早见于：《资政新篇》唐代的北方草原上，契丹酋长辗转臣服于唐朝和谁之间：突厥芒种是在阳历的几月： 6月秦始皇时期修筑的唯一直道，从陕西咸阳出发，到达了哪里：九原地面附近的大气中，氧约占： 21%好望角盛行什么风：西风珠穆朗玛峰高海拔多少米： 8848米光速约为： 30万公里每秒下列国家中，核能发电量占本国总发电量比重最大的是：法国世界上落差最大的瀑布是：安赫尔瀑布大气层厚度约为： 3000公里。

2013考研真题英语1

2013考研真题英语1The 2013 Postgraduate English Exam Question 1In recent years, there has been a growing trend of individuals pursuing higher education in China. This can be seen through the increasing number of applicants for the postgraduate entrance examination. It is important to analyze the 2013 English exam question 1 from the perspective of those who took the exam. This article will provide a comprehensive analysis of the question, as well as offer strategies to effectively tackle similar questions in the future.The 2013 English exam question 1 focused on the topic of "social networking sites." Candidates were required to read a passage and then answer four multiple-choice questions based on the passage. The passage discussed the impact of social networking sites on social interactions and the advantages and disadvantages of such platforms.The passage began by stating that social networking sites have revolutionized the way people communicate and interact with each other. It highlighted the convenience and efficiency that these platforms offer in terms of connecting with friends, sharing information, and even finding job opportunities. The passage also mentioned the potential risks and negative effects of social networking sites, such as privacy concerns, addiction, and the spread of false information.The first question asked candidates about the main purpose of social networking sites. The correct answer was "to facilitate communication andconnection." This question aimed to test the candidates' understanding of the passage and their ability to identify the central idea.The second question focused on the advantages of social networking sites. The correct answer was "convenience." This question tested the candidates' ability to comprehend specific details and examples provided in the passage.The third question addressed the potential risks of social networking sites. The correct answer was "privacy concerns." This question tested the candidates' ability to grasp negative consequences mentioned in the passage and understand their implications.The fourth and final question asked candidates about the attitude of the author towards social networking sites. The correct answer was "neutral." This question aimed to test the candidates' ability to infer the author's perspective based on the provided information.To successfully approach such multiple-choice questions, it is crucial to follow some strategies. Firstly, candidates should carefully read the passage, paying attention to the main ideas and supporting details. This will provide a solid foundation for answering the questions correctly. Secondly, candidates should eliminate options that are clearly incorrect, narrowing down the choices to increase the chances of selecting the right answer. Thirdly, candidates should rely on their comprehension of the passage rather than making assumptions or guessing. Finally, time management is key to successfully completing all the questions within the allocated time.In conclusion, the 2013 English exam question 1 assessed candidates' understanding of the impact of social networking sites on social interactions.By carefully reading the passage and applying effective strategies, candidates were able to accurately answer the multiple-choice questions. It is important for future candidates to practice similar question formats and enhance their reading comprehension skills.。

2013翻译硕士MTI各校真题汇总

2013翻译硕士MTI各校真题汇总2013翻译硕士各校真题汇总2013考研已经过去，各种尘埃即将落定。

先把各个学校的真题回忆版本汇总给后来人一个复习方向。

也算给考研生活画上一个圆满的句号。

感谢网友的及时回忆，谢谢给位的奉献。

欢迎补充！愿各位取的好成绩！1、2013复旦大学MTI专业课真题回忆版基础英语。

今年的基础英语稍微有些变化，第一题仍然是无选项完型，20个空，第二题是改错，和第一题是属于一篇文章的，二十行二十个错误，第三题是词汇和语法，词汇题比去年增加了不少，第四题是阅读理解四篇一共15个小题，最后一篇稍微有些深度，上来第一句是boresom 其实是讲现代社会摧毁理性和真理的。

然后作文25分就最后一篇阅读理解发表一下自己的看法。

翻译。

背了一堆翻译词汇今年竟然一个词汇翻译都没有，就一个汉译英70分与一个英译汉80分。

英译汉是一篇医学文章，里面什么胆囊啊肠啊的生词一大堆。

汉译英是文言文啊亲，我旦不学好啊，跟着北大学考文言文额。

原文如下：世有三乐，真乐也。

一曰人伦之乐，二曰心地之乐，三曰讲习之乐。

孟子曰：“父母俱存，兄弟无故，一乐也。

”此人伦之乐也；“仰不愧于天，俯不怍于人，二乐也。

”此心地之乐也；“得天下英才而教育之，三乐也。

”此讲习之乐也。

人伦之乐自父母兄弟之外，妻室欲其同甘苦，子孙欲其师教，宗族欲其和睦，女之适人者欲其得所归结，自人伦而推之，有一败人意则非乐也。

心地之乐岂止俯仰无愧怍而已，其道德必与圣贤合、与天地并，可也；道德未同乎圣贤、未同乎天地，不可以已也。

讲习之乐何止于得英才而教育，凡学问德行之有胜乎吾者，吾方且师之，虽受人之教育亦乐矣。

此三者，天下之真乐。

不此之乐，而以外物为乐，乐未一二，而忧已八九。

世俗以为乐，识者不贵也。

百科知识中国四大发明，欧债危机，金砖四国，莫言，生态难民，莎士比亚，君主立宪制，euro tunnel，thedeclaration of independence，DNA，伦敦奥运会，秦始皇陵兵马俑，论语，大中华文库，Encyclopedia Britannica，a nation on wheels，还有一个masps 还是什么的这个不知道，数了数17个还有8个想不起来了，这个是一个2分，一共五十分。

2013年考研英语试题与答案解析

2013年考研英语（一）试题及答案解析Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised thata judge 5 of apperaring too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.T o 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Granduate Managent Adimssion Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 outof 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2. [A] minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external3. [A] issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share [D]success9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doe sn’t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cli ne’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encouragestyle-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wa steful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year about 64 items per person and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.T owards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably whe n they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题解析Section I Use of English1.【答案】A【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。

2013硕士研究生考试(英语二)真题解析(1)

2013硕士研究生考试(英语二)真题解析(1)Section I Use of English1. 答案 [A]考点本题考察逻辑关系解析空前作者讲到（鉴于电子货币的优势，你也许会认为，我们将快速步入非现金社会，实现完全电子支付。

）而空后说（真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来）这两句话语义是转折的，因此答案A。

B. moreover表递进 C. therefore 表结果 D. Otherwise表对比2. 答案 [D]考点上下文语义解析根据该句的 but 可知，其前后句子是转折关系。

后一句是说这种形式的社会并没有真正有成果出来，所以前一句应该为这样的预测已经进行了二十年。

其它选项不符合题意。

3. 答案 [B]考点上下文语义及名词辨析解析空格所在的句子意思为例如， 1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将（彻底改变货币本身的…）将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念（定义），而A（力量），C（历史），D（角色），语义都不恰当，并且如果选择 role的话，应该是复数roles，因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。

4. 答案 [D]考点上下文语义及动词词义辨析解析根据 only 知道，空格处所填单词词义应与前一句的） revolutionize ）（变革）发生同义替换，因此 ABCD 四个选项中只有 D. reverse （颠覆）符合。

A. reward 奖赏 B. resist 抵抗 C. resume 重新开始，继续。

5. 答案 [C]考点上下文语义及形容词词义辨析解析根据前面的句意得知，早在1975年就预测了无现金社会将到来，而实际上作者讲到（真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来），因此也得出这种变革是一个缓慢的过程，故答案选择C。

A. silent沉寂的，B. sudden突然的，D. steady稳定不变的。

6 ．答案 [ B ]考点上下文语义及介词词义辨析解析填空所在段开头although 表明对上一段的让步关系，上一段的观点为人们进入无现金时代的速度变缓慢的原因。

2013年对外经贸大学翻译硕士英语笔译考研真题

育明教育孙老师整理，来育明教于赠送资料，更多真题可咨询孙老师。

对外经济贸易大学2013年翻译硕士MTI真题及答案I.Phrase TranslationSection ONE1.litigation&arbitration：诉讼和仲裁2.managing director:总经理；总裁3.glocolization:全球本土化，由globalization和localization组合而成4.Securities law：证券法5.promotion：促进；提升；促销6.expropriation：征收；没收；剥夺7.counter trade：对销贸易；抵偿贸易8.negotiable instrument：可转让票据；[金融]流通票据9.state of the art：最先进技术水平；尖端科技10.survival of the fittest：适者生存；优胜劣汰Section Two1.合资经营:joint venture2.贬值:devalue;depreciate;devaluate3.边际效应:marginal effect4.股东:shareholder;stockholder5.专利:patent6.绩效评估:performance evaluation;performance appraisal7.消费者物价指数:CPI;Consumer Price Index8.董事:Member of the Board；DirectorSection Three1.ASEAN：东盟(Association of South East Asian Nations)2.CIF：到岸价（Cost Insurance and Freight）3.FDA:美国食品药物管理局(Food and Drug Administration)4.ITC:美国国际贸易委员会(International Trade Commission)5.ISO:国际标准化组织(International Standard Organization)6.GSP:普惠制(generalized system of preferences)7.GATT关税与贸易总协定(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)8.NAFTA北美自由贸易协定(North American Free Trade Agreement)9.MERCOSUR：南美南方共同市场10.UNITC：联合国国际贸易中心（United Nations International Trade CenterII.Passage translationSection A Chinese to English以推进经济结构战略性调整作为加快转变经济发展方式的主攻方向。

2013年考研英语真题答案解析

2013年考研英语真题答案解析Section Ⅰ Use of English1. 【答案】 [A]【考点分析】上下文语义和词汇辨析【解析】本题考查动词。

根据上下文意思，首先可以排除[B]和[D]。

这句话中 that 引导一个定语从句，主要是说这一优势赋予了一种特定的能力。

[C]中transmit 为传播，不符合上下文意思。

2. 【答案】 [D]【考点分析】上下文语义【解析】 which are unbiased 这个定语从句做插入语修饰 judgment。

这句话的意思是“通过XXX因素作出公正判决的能力”，由此可以排除[A] 和 [B]。

做这一题时，我们需要理解第一句话，给我们提供了一个大的背景和条件。

第一句话说“人们不擅长利用背景信息作决定”，所以可以推出这儿并不是“通过关键信息”来做出公正的判决，而是通过其它一些信息，如外部的信息，作出判决。

根据上下文意思，可以推出 [D] 为正确答案。

3.【答案】 [C]【考点分析】上下文语义和固定搭配【解析】 big picture 是一个固定搭配，指(事情的)主要部分;重点，故选[A]。

其它词语与big 搭配，均没有这层意思。

4. 【答案】 [A]【考点分析】逻辑衔接题【解析】根据上下文的逻辑关系判断，在提出一个观点之后，接下来就是进行例证。

选项中只有[A] 表示“例如”，符合这一逻辑关系，故选[A]。

[B]表示“平均”的意思;[C]为“大体上，原则上”;[D] 为“首先”，均不符合。

5. 【答案】 [B]【考点分析】上下文语义和词汇辨析【解析】这四个选项均可以与介词 of 搭配，[A] 表示“喜欢”， [B] 表示“害怕，恐怕”， [C] 表示“能够，具有…能力”， [D] 表示“轻率的，考虑不周的”。

of 后面的短语作 judge 的定语，这句话意思是“XXX地显得对犯罪太过软弱的法官可能更倾向于给被告作出判刑的判决”。

根据上下文的意思，可以排除 [A] 和 [D]。

2013年考研英语真题及解析

2013年硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题（完整版）Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day. To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 . He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 . 1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers　2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external 3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment 4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all 5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless 6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for 7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless 8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test 9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success 10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise 12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured 13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged 14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took 15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather 16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced 17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below 18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate 19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard 20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment. This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals. Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off. Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.　21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her [A] poor bargaining skill. [B] insensitivity to fashion. [C] obsession with high fashion. [D]lack of imagination.　22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to [A] combat unnecessary waste. [B] shut out the feverish fashion world. [C] resist the influence of advertisements. [D] shop for their garments more frequently.　23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to [A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm. [C] indifference. [D] tolerance.　24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph? [A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists. [B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability. [C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments. [D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.　25. What is the subject of the text? [A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. [B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth. [C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. [D] Exposure of a mass-market secret. Text 2 An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy. In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests. On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default. It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?　26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to: [A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs [C] avoid complaints from consumers [D]provide better online services　27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to: [A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors [C] digital information analysis [D]internet browser developers　28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default [A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry [C] will not benefit consumers [D]goes against human nature　29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6? [A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose [B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers [D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads　30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of: [A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciaction [D] skepticism Text 3 Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all. Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to. But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline." So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence . Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future. But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.　31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by [A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology [C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity　32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are [A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment [C] the world’s dominant power [D] a misplaced race　33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? [A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies. [B] Technology offers solutions to social problem. [C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise. [D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.　34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to [A] explore our planet’s abundant resources [B] adopt an optimistic view of the world [C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history　35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? [A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species [C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science, Technology and Humanity Text 4 On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states. In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.　Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers. However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues. Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts. The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with . Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. 36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they [A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers. [B] disturbed the power balance between different states. [C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law. [D] contradicted both the federal and state policies. 37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4? [A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law. [C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement. [D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement. 38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts [A] violated the Constitution. [B] undermined the states’ interests. [C] supported the federal statute. [D] stood in favor of the states. 39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement [A] outweighs that held by the states. [B] is dependent on the states’ support. [C] is established by federal statutes. [D] rarely goes against state laws. 40. What can be learned from the last paragraph? [A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress. [B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion. [C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress. [D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues. Part B Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000. Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .　Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____ When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful. The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate. The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems. [A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishingelsewhere,such as policy briefs. [B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of theseKeywords. [C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies. [D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones. [E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development . [G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%. Part B: (10 points) Section III Translation 46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points) Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression. One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand. Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basiclevel, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.　Section III Writing Party A 51 Directions: Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points) Part B: (20 points) Part B 52 Directions: Write an essay of about 160 – 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should (1) describe the drawing briefly, (2) interpret its intended meaning, and(3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2013年考研英语一真题答案解析1.【答案】A【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。

2013年考研英语真题及解析

2013年硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题（完整版）Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text。

Choose the best word(s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points)People are, on the whole，poor at considering background information when making individual decisions。

At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day。

To 8 this idea，he turned to the university-admissions process。

2013广外MTI真题回忆

2013广外MTI真题回忆下面说一下2013年各科考试的具体内容吧，政治就不说了，现在应该到处有真题和标准答案看。

1. （211）翻译硕士英语（满分100）第一部分: 单选30个，共30分；考察词汇和语法。

词汇语法差不多各占一半。

（个人感觉难度不及专四，比较重基础，口语好的可以一边默读一边写，感觉对了的应该是对的.题目考得比较细，比如我记得第一个题考了so far，只要你认识，就是选这个啦。

有个题考了dispite（=in spite of ）其中会给出dispite,in spite ,despite of之类的选项。

还有一个题目就要求理解句子意思才能做对，利用语法排除后选项剩下surprisingly和not surprisingly，所以句意还是要明白的。

个人觉得单项30个，其中好几个连起来看很像一篇完型填空，因为有一两个不认识的词老是出现，记忆中出现过黑奴这样的字眼。

第二部分: 阅读Section A: 两篇文章，每篇文章5个选择题，共10题，20分。

（第一篇文章关于恐龙化石，这个文章前三问都能在原文明确找到，第四问就是选下面哪个是错误的，我选了D，因为D选项把原文的likely说成了will，说得太绝对了，另外三个在文中也能找到，只是需要点时间把文章全看完。

第五问问了这篇文章的主题，好像也不是很难，每个选项都很短，而且ABCD意思差别挺大的。

第二篇文章关于英国Stratford的文化旅游，就是莎士比亚的住址，大意是：在那里有两类人，一类通过戏剧表演啊什么的努力维持莎翁的文学艺术之类的，另一类通过带游客去一些地点赚钱，两类人意见不一样，然后还讲了前一类人可能得到当地的什么钱支柱事业发展，但是第二类人不同意或者是认为不应该给前一类人这个钱，第二类人给出的理由是戏剧表演的门票上涨了，因此第一类人的收入上升了等等原因，这个地方出了个题，说第二类人不同意第一类人得到这个钱的原因是？另外考的题目还有这两类人的分歧是因为？作者这句话（文中的某句话）的意思是？总之这篇文章也不难，都在文章中明明白白地看得到）个人认为这两篇文章和笔译三级中的阅读题目难度相似，答案出法也类似。

历年英语考研真题及答案（2013）

历年英语考研真题及答案（2013）2013年研究生入学考试英语一试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samles of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of apperaring too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day。

To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was 11 。

广东外语外贸大学翻译硕士考研真题

广东外语外贸大学翻译硕士考研真题广东外语外贸大学（原题）翻译硕士英语Part I.Vocabulary and Grammar(30points,1point for each)Directions:After each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.Write your answers on your answer sheet.1.Although she gives badly_______titles to her musical compositions,they_______ unusual combinations of materials including classical music patterns and rhythms, electronic sounds,and bird songs.A.conventional…incorporateB.eccentric…deployC.traditional…excludeD.imaginative…disguise2.Even though the folktales Perroult collected and retold were not solely Frenchin origin,his versions of them were so decidedly French in style that lateranthologies of French folktales have never_______them.A.excludedB.admiredC.collectedprehended3.In arguing against assertions that environmental catastrophe is imminent,her book does not ridicule all predictions of doom but rather claims that the risks of harm have in many cases been_________.A.exaggeratedB.ignoredC.scrutinizedD.derided4.There seems to be no________the reading public’s thirst for books about the 1960’s:indeed,the normal level of interest has______recently because of a spate of popular television documentaries.A.quenching…moderatedB.whetting…mushroomedC.slaking…increasedD.ignoring…transformed5.Despite a tendency to be overtly_______,the poetry of the Middle Ages often sparks the imagination and provides lively entertainment,as well as pious sentiments.A.divertingB.emotionalC.didacticD.romantic6.One of the first______of reduced burning in Amazon rain forests was the chestnut industry:smoke tends to drive out the insect that,by pollinating chestnut tree, allow chestnuts to develop.A.reformersB.discoveriesC.casualtiesD.beneficiaries7.The research committee urged the archaeologist to_______her claim that the tomb she has discovered was that of Alexander the Great,since her initial report has been based only on______.A.disseminate…suppositionB.withdraw…evidenceC.undercut…capriceD.document…conjecture8.Although Heron is well known for the broad comedy in the movies she has directed previously,her new film is less inclined to__________:the gags are fewer and subtler.A.understatementB.preciosityC.symbolismD.melodrama9.Bebop’s legacy is______one:bebop may have won jazz the right to be taken seriously as an art form,but it_______jazz’s mass audience,which turned to other forms of music such as rock and pop.A.a mixed……alienatedB.a troubled……seducedC.an ambiguous……aggrandizedD.a valuable……refined10.The exhibition’s importance lies in its___________:curators have gathered a diverse array of significant works from many different museums.A.homogeneityB.sophistryC.scopeD.farsightedness11.Despite the fact that the commission’s report treats a vitally important topic, the report will be______read because its prose is so_________that understanding it requires an enormous effort.A.seldom…….transparentB.carefully……..pellucidC.little……….turgidD.eagerly……..digressive12.Carleton would still rank among the great________of nineteenth century American art even if the circumstance of her life and career were less_____than they are.A.celebrities……….obscureB.failures……..illustriousC.charlatans……impeccableD.enigmas……mysterious13.Although based on an actual event,the film lacks______________:the director shuffles events,simplifies the tangle of relationships,and _____________documentary truth for dramatic power.A.conviction……..embracesB.expressiveness…..exaggeratesC.verisimilitude…….sacrificesD.realism……….substitutes14.When Adolph Ochs became the publisher of The New York Times,he endowed the paper with a uniquely_________tone,avoiding the________editorials that characterized other major papers of the time.A.abstruse….scholarlyB.dispassionate…shrillC.argumentative…tendentiousD.cosmopolitan…timely15.There are as good fish in the sea_____ever came out of it.A.thanB.likeC.asD.so16.All the President’s Men______one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.A.remainB.remainsC.remainedD.is remaining17.“You______borrow my notes provided you take care of them”,I told my friend.A.couldB.shouldC.mustD.can18.If only the patient______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A.had receivedB.receivedC.should receiveD.were receiving19.Linda was_____the experiment a month ago,but she changed her mind at the last minute.A.to startB.to have startedC.to be startingD.to have been starting20.She_____fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A.must beB.had beenC.could beD.must have been21.It is not______much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.A.thatB.asC.soD.very22.The committee has anticipated the problems that________in the road construction project.A.ariseB.will ariseC.aroseD.have arisen23.The student said there were a few points in the essay he_______impossible to comprehend.A.had foundB.findsC.has foundD.would find24.He would have finished his college education,but he_______to quit and finda job to support his family.A.had hadB.hasC.hadD.would have25.The research requires more money than________.A.have been put inB.has been put inC.being put inD.to be put in26.Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race.Yet it is probably ________a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.A.no moreB.not moreC.even moreD.much more27.It is not uncommon for there_______problems of communication between the old and the young.A.beingB.would beC.beD.to be28.________at in his way,the situation does not seem so desperate.A.LookingB.LookedC.Being lookedD.To look29.It is absolutely essential that William______his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A.will continueB.continuedC.continueD.continues30.The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a_____forgery.A.man-madeB.naturalC.crudeD.realPart II.Reading Comprehension(40points)Section1Multiple choice questions(20points,2points for each)Directions:In this section there are reading passages followed by multiple-choice questions.Read the passages and then write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage1On New Year’s Day,50,000inmates in Kenyan jails went without lunch.This was not some mass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions.It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture:the money that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated3.5million Kenyans who,because of a severe drought,are threatened with starvation.The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn.If you are reading this in thewest,however,you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought,you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately:the pastoralists.There are20million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region,and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent.Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.How so?It comes down to the reluctance of governments,aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’traditional way of life.Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists,even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments,and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changes makes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands.Furthermore,African pastoralist systems are often more productive,in terms of protein and cash per hectare,than Australian,American and other African ranches in similar climatic conditions.They make a substantial contribution to their countries’national economies.In Kenya,for example,the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth$800million per year.In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia,hides from pastoralists’herds make up over10per cent of export earnings.Despite this productivity,pastoralists still starve and their animals perish when drought hits.One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goes to the herders themselves;the lion’s share is pocketed by traders.This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine,when they need the cash to buy food,and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour.Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas.Funding bodies such as the World Bank and-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the1960s,investing millions of dollars in commercial beef and dairy production.It didn’t work.Firstly,no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted.Secondly,rearing livestock took precedence over human progress.The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.They were based on two false assumptions: that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient,which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models;and that Africa’s drylands can support commercial ranching.They cannot.Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching. What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle.Over the past few years,funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message.One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought,so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and their families alive(the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it).Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that has helped avert livestock deaths. This is all promising,but more needs to be done.Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle.They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding.Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products:there will likely be an additional2billion consumers worldwide by2020,the vast majority in developing countries.To ensure that pastoralists benefit,it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies.Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women,who play critical roles in livestock production.The rich world should pay proper attention to the plight of the pastoralists.Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment,conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition.It is in the rich world’s intereststo help out.31.Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?(A)Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.(B)The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.(C)The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.(D)Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.32.The word“encapsulates”in the sentence“Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.”(para.l)can be replaced by________.(A)concludes.(B)involves.(C)represents.(D)aggravates.33.What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and traditional lifestyle of pastoralism?(A)Neutral and indifferent.(B)Sympathetic and understanding.(C)Critical and vehement.(D)Subjective and fatalistic.34.When the author writes“the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonialpredecessors.”(para.4),he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not__________.(A)have an objective view of the situation in Africa(B)understand the unpredictable weather systems there(C)feel themselves superior in decision making(D)care about the development of the local people35.The author’s main purpose in writing this article is_________.(A)to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralists(B)to give suggestions on the support of the traditional pastoralism in Africa(C)to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralism(D)to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agenciesPassage2Civil-Liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week:the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google,AOL,Yahoo and Microsoft.As part of a long-running court case,the government has asked those companies to turn over information on its users’search behavior.All but Google have handed over data,and now the Department of Justice(DOJ)has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods. What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related to national security,but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography.In1998,Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act (COPA),but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal,the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore.In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search termsfrom the different search engines.It would then use those terms to do its own searches,employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers,in an attempt to quantify how often“material that is harmful to minors”might appear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case,the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test.“We intend to resist their motion vigorously,”said Google attorney Nicole Wong.DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms,and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them.(The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched.)Originally,the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July2005; the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries.One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites,the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net.“We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content,”says Ramez Naam,group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test,it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps,subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching.“What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities?”Says the DOJ’s Miller,“I’m assuming that if something raised alarms,we would hand it over to the proper authorities.”Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld,it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior.One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information,but the company hopes to eventually use the personal informationof consenting customers to improve search performance.“Search is a window into people’s personalities,”says Kurt Opsahl,an Electronic Frontier Foundation attorney.“They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”36.When the American government asked Google,AOL,Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’search behavior,the major intention is_________.(A)to protect national security(B)to help protect personal freedom(C)to monitor Internet pornography(D)to implement the Child Online Protection Act37.Google refused to turn over“its proprietary information”(para.2)required by DOJ as it believes that________.(A)it is not involved in the court case(B)users’privacy is most important(C)the government has violated the First Amendment(D)search terms is the company’s business secret38.The phrase“scaled back to”in the sentence“the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries”(para.3)can be replaced by_________.(A)maximized to(B)minimized to(C)returned to(D)reduced to39.In the sentence“One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”(para.4),the expression“sink its own case”most probably means that_________.(A)counterattack the opposition(B)lead to blocking of porn sites(C)provide evidence to disprove the case(D)give full ground to support the case40.When Kurt Opsahl says that“They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”(para.5),the expression“Big Brother”is used to refer to_________.(A)a friend or relative showing much concern(B)a colleague who is much more experienced(C)a dominating and all-powerful ruling power(D)a benevolent and democratic organizationSection2Answering questions(20points,4points for each)Directions:Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions following each e only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER SHEET.Passage3Millions of elderly Germans received a notice from the Health&Social Security Ministry earlier this month that struck a damaging blow to the welfare state.The statement informed them that their pensions were being cut.The reductions come as a stop-gap measure to control Germany’s ballooning pension crisis.Not surprisingly, it was an unwelcome change for senior citizens such as Sabine Wetzel,a67-year-old retired bank teller,who was told her state pension would be cut by$12.30,or1% to$1,156.20a month.“It was a real shock,”she says.“My pension had alwaysgone up in the past.”There’s more bad news on the way.On Mar.11,Germany’s lower house of Parliament passed a bill gradually cutting state pensions--which have been rising steadily since World War II--from53%of average wages now to46%by2020.And Germany is not ernments across Western Europe are racing to curb pension benefits. In Italy,the government plans to raise the minimum retirement age from57to60, while France will require that civil servants put in40years rather than37.5to qualify for a full pension.The reforms are coming despite tough opposition from unions,leftist politicians,and pensioners’groups.The explanation is simple:Europeans are living longer and having fewer children. By2030there will only be two workers per pensioner,compared with four in2000. With fewer young workers paying into the system,cuts are being made to cover a growing shortfall.The gap between money coming in and payments going out could top $10billion this year in Germany alone.“In the future,a state pension alone will no longer be enough to maintain the living standards employees had before they retired,”says German Health&Social Security Minister Ulla Schmidt.Says Italian Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti:“The welfare state is producing too few cradles and too few graves.”Of course,those population trends have been forecast for years.Some countries, such as Britain and the Netherlands,have responded by making individuals and their employers assume more of the responsibility for pensions.But many Continental governments dragged their feet.Now,the rapid runup in costs is finally forcing them to act.State-funded pension payments make up around12%of gross domestic product in Germany and France and15%in Italy——two percentage points more than 20years ago.Pensions account for an average21%of government spending across the European Union.The U.S.Social Security system,by contrast,consumes just4.8% of GDP.The rising cost is having serious repercussions on key European nations’commitments to fiscal restraint.“Governments have no choice but to make pensionreform a priority,”says Antonio Cabral,deputy director of the European Commission’s Directorate General for Economic&Financial Affairs.Just as worrisome is the toll being exacted on the private sector.Corporate contributions to state pension systems--which make up19.5%of total gross pay in Germany--add to Europe’s already bloated labor costs.That,in turn,blunts manufacturers’competitiveness and keeps unemployment rates high.According to the Institute of German Economics in Cologne,benefit costs reached a record41.7%of gross wages in Germany last year,compared with37.4%a decade before.French cement manufacturer Lafarge says pension cost of$121million contributed to a9%fall in operating profits last year.To cope,Germany and most of its EU partners are using tax breaks to encourage employees to put money into private pensions schemes.But even if private pensions become more popular,European governments will have to increase minimum retirement ages and reduce public pensions.While today’s seniors complain about reduced benefits,the next generation of retirees may look back on their parents’pension checks with envy.41.Paraphrase Italian Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti’s statement“The welfare state is producing too few cradles and too few graves.”(para.3)42.What is implied by the last sentence of the passage“While today’s seniors complain about reduced benefits,the next generation of retirees may look back on their parents’pension checks with envy.”?Passage4In the old days,it was all done with cakes.For Marcel Proust,it was a visit to Mother’s for tea and madeleines that provided the access to“the vast structure of recollection”that was to become his masterpiece on memory and nostalgia,“Remembrance of Past Things.”These days,it’s not necessary to evoke the past: you can’t move without tripping over it.In an age zooming forward technologically,why all the backward glances?The Oxford English Dictionary’s first definition of nostalgia reads:“acute longing for familiar surroundings;severe homesickness.”With the speed of computers doubling every18months,and the net doubling in size in about half that,no wonder we’re aching for familiar surroundings.Since the cornerstone of the Information Age is change,anything enduring becomes precious.“People are looking for something authentic,”says McLaren.Trouble is,nostalgia has succumbed to trends in marketing,demographics and technology.“Nostalgia ain’t what it used to be,”says Michael J.Wolf,senior partner at Booz-Allen&Hamilton in New York.“These are the new good old days.”Baby boomers form the core of the nostalgia market.The boomers,defined by American demographers as those born between1946and1964,are living long and prosperous lives.In both Europe and America,they remain the Holy Grail for admen,and their past has become everyone’s present.In a study on“entertainment imprinting,”two American marketing professors,Robert Schindler and Morris Holbrook,asked people ranging in age from16to86which popular music from the past they liked best.People’s favorite songs,they found,tended to be those that were popular when they were about24,with their affection for pop songs diminishing on either side of that age.Doubtless Microsoft knows about entertainment imprinting,or at least nostalgia.The company hawks its latest Explorer to the strains of Simon and Garfunkel’s“Homeward Bound,”just as it launched Windows98to the tune of “Start Me up”by the Rolling Stones.Boomers remember both tunes from their20s. If boomers are one market that values memories,exiles are another.According to the International Organization of Migration,more than150million people live today in a country other than the one where they were born—double the number that did so in1965.This mass movement has sources as dire as tyranny and as luxurious asthe freedoms of an EU passport.But exiles and refugees share one thing:homes left behind.Type in“nostalgia”on the search engine Google,and one of the first sites that pop up is the nostalgia page of The Iranian,an online site for Iran’s exiles, most of whom fled after1978’s Islamic revolution.Perhaps the savviest exploitation of nostalgia has been the secondhand-book site ,which features stories of clients’rediscovering long-lost books on it.One John Mason Mings writes of the glories of finding a book with information on“Kickapoo Joy Juice,”ad dreaded medicine of his youth.A Pennsylvanian waxes over alibris’s recovery of his first-grade primer”Down cherry Street.”The Net doesn’t merely facilitate nostalgia—it promotes it.Web-based auction houses have helped jump-start markets for vintage items,form marbles to Apple Macintoshes.Cutting-edge technology,designed to be transient,has even bred its own st year a$666Apple I went for$18,000to a British collector at a San Francisco auction.“Historic!Microsoft Multiplan for Macintosh”crows one item on eBay’s vintage Apple section.Surf to The Net Nostalgia Quiz to puzzle over questions like“In the old days,Altavista used to have which one of these URLs?”Those who don’t remember their history are condemned to repeat it.Or so entertainment moguls hope,as they market‘70s TV hits like“Charlie’s Angels”and“Scooby Doo,”out next year,to a generation that can’t remember them the first time round.If you’ve missed a Puff Daddy track or a“Sopranos”episode, panic not.The megahits of today are destined to be the golden oldies of2020,says Christopher Nurko of the branding consultant FutureBrand.“I guarantee you, Madonna’s music will be used to sell everything,”he says.“God help me,I hope it’s not selling insurance.”It could be.When we traffic in the past,nothing’s sacred.43.Explain the beginning sentence“In the old days,it was all done with cakes.”44.What is the other big group besides baby boomers which values memories?What do these people share?45.What is“nostalgia market”?What do they sell in the nostalgia market? Part III.Writing(30points)46.Please reflect on the following opinion and write an essay of about400words elaborating your view with a well-defined title.Some people believe the key of the reform in the education system is a well-shared awareness that educations is there,instead of simply offering the knowledge important to the students,to improve the students in an all-round way,and especially to guide them to a careful pondering over such fundamental issues as life itself and social responsibility.An undue emphasis on knowledge-education and the resultant ignorance over the guidance to the students to a proper understanding of life will bring us nothing but a large number of“memorizing machines”.We can never expect a group of young people well prepared for the real social life.英语翻译基础Part I.Phrase Translation(30points,1point for each)Section1Directions:Translate the following phrases into Chinese:。

大学翻译硕士MTI历年考研真题-2013外交学院翻译硕士MTI考研真题(回忆版)(1)

2013外交学院翻译硕士MTI考研试题（回忆版）政治就不多说了，说说外交的三门：英语基础，英语翻译和百科吧。

英语基础：20道选择题，一篇改错10分，5篇阅读30分，一篇问答10分，作文30分。

个人感觉比较有难度的是20道选择题，其他的话按英语八级的标准来复习。

PS：没看过2笔的书，看到网上有人说选择题是2笔的水平。

英语翻译：词汇互译无力吐槽，英汉个人感觉挺难的有ADB,EAEA,Amex，还有Affirmative Action ，absent without leave，还有几个记不清了，么借壳上市啊或政治类的重复建设。

篇章翻译的话有一定难度，英汉是关于美国佬deny climate change 的一篇文章，比较地道，里面有些单词要靠猜的。

汉英的话是说中国出了一本书《中国人可以说不》引起了很大反响，美国人怀疑其作者的意图，文章讽刺了美国人推行的所谓的言论自由。

这两篇都有一点难度，而且汉英的接近600字，时间挺紧的。

字写的也挺丑，没底。

百科：考了歼十五，罗阳，辽宁舰，莎士比亚，英伦三岛，歌德，林纾，朱生豪，田汉，曹禺，阴历，阳历，阴阳历，东盟峰会，金边，东盟宪章，欧债危机，两个百年，两个翻一番。

应用文写作题目就满满两面纸了，奇葩！！！是一个场景的对话，几个人在谈有关商务上的事，涉及到各方的基本意见，然后就其中一个人的基本意见向另外一个人写封商务信函，其实那个基本意见就那两三句话，完全是要靠自己各种编，发挥无限想象力。

作文题目是译事的不宜，给了一段材料说译者不能死忠原文，要提升自身功底，不能喧宾夺主，扯了好长一段话，然后让你根据受到的启发，写800字。

扯了好多，超过八百字了。

再详细补充一下：选择题几乎全是考词汇的，（考前买了那个考研手册和真题，有10,11年10多间高校的真题，但选择题的话外交今年算是挺那个的了）就连为数不多的一两道考which ，that 句子也是两三行那么长，绝对木有那么简单。

2013考研英语（二）真题及答案解析

2013考研英语（⼆）真题及答案解析2013考研英语（⼆）真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in comingAlthough electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime.13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,”a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,”In the 10 years ending in 2009, [.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the . revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the . revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,”birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another. With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage”refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___[A] fiancial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30 选出最适合⽂章的标题[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced”long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘‘thin sliced ’’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male.indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family “Personally, I don’t like quotas,”Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.”Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,”according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ”is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massiveattention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is evervthing[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has 60 a week to spend, 40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning 130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them,there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a littlegreengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350gof shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in thesupermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's notgood enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planningahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do avegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers,delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soonyou'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often thannot, Theyil let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every fewmonths treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - a week for threemonths gives you 21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch atMichelin-starred Arbutus. It's there - or for a large pizza fromDomino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was , what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acture or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hosptibal the day before. I also remember that the musical paly Hamopened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way. Section IV Writing47. Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and encourage them to participate .2) Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming”instead. Don’t write your address.(10 points)48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET .试题解析Section I Use of English1.【答案】A(However)【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电⼦货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步⼊⾮现⾦社会,实现完全电⼦⽀付。

2010-2013 广外MTI真题回忆整理打印版

广东外贸2010年MTI硕士入学考试第1卷：基础英语Part 1: Grammar and V ocabulary. （30 P）01. Although she gives badly ____ titles to her musical compositions, they ____ unusual combinations of materials including classical music patterns and rhythms, electronic sounds, and bird songs.A. conventional / incorporateB. eccentric / deployC. traditional / excludeD. imaginative / disguise02. Even though the folktales Perroult collected and retold were not solely French in origin, his versions of them were so decidedly French in style that later anthologies of French folktales have never ____ them.A. excludedB. admiredC. collectedD. comprehended03. In arguing against assertions that environmental catastrophe is imminent, her book does not ridicule all predictions of doom but rather claims that the risks of harm have in many cases been ____.A. exaggeratedB. ignoredC. scrutinizedD. derided04. There seems to be no ____ the reading public’s thirst for books about the 1960’s: indeed, the normal level of interest has ____ recently because of a spate of popular television documentaries.A. quenching / moderatedB. whetting / mushroomedC. slaking / increasedD. ignoring / transformed05. Despite a tendency to be overtly ____, the poetry of the Middle Ages often sparks the imagination and provides lively entertainment, as well as pious sentiments.A. divertingB. emotionalC. didacticD. romantic06. One of the first ____ of reduced burning in Amazon rain forests was the chestnut industry: smoke tends to drive out the insect that, by pollinating chestnut tree, allow chestnuts to develop.A. reformersB. discoveriesC. casualtiesD. beneficiaries07. The research committee urged the archaeologist to ____ her claim that the tomb she has discovered was that of Alexander the Great, since her initial report has been based only on ____.A. disseminate / suppositionB. withdraw / evidenceC. undercut / capriceD. document / conjecture08. Although Heron is well known for the broad comedy in the movies she has directed previously, her new film is less inclined to ____: the gags are fewer and subtler.A. understatementB. preciosityC. symbolismD. melodrama09. Bebop’s legacy is ____ one: bebop may have won jazz the right to be taken seriously as an art form, but it ____ jazz’s mass audience, which turned to other forms of music such as rock and pop.A. a mixed / alienatedB. a troubled / seducedC. an ambiguous / aggrandizedD. a valuable / refined10. The exhibition’s importance lies in its ____: curators have g athered a diverse array of significant works from many different museums.A. homogeneityB. sophistryC. scopeD. farsightedness11. Despite the fact that the commission’s report treats a vitally important topic, the report will be____ read because its prose is so ____ that understanding it requires an enormous effort.A. seldom / transparentB. carefully / pellucidC. little / turgidD. eagerly / digressive12. Carleton would still rank among the great ____ of nineteenth century American art even if the circumstance of her life and career were less ____ than they are.A. celebrities / obscureB. failures / illustriousC. charlatans / impeccableD. enigmas / mysterious13. Although based on an actual event, the film lacks ____: the director shuffles events, simplifies the tangle of relationships, and ____ documentary truth for dramatic power.A. conviction / embracesB. expressiveness / exaggeratesC. verisimilitude / sacrificesD. realism / substitutes14. When Adolph Ochs became the publisher of The New York Times, he endowed the paper witha uniquely ____ tone, avoiding the ____ editorials that characterized other major papers of the time.A. abstruse / scholarlyB. dispassionate / shrillC. argumentative / tendentiousD. cosmopolitan / timely15. There are as good fish in the sea ____ ever came out of it.A. thanB. likeC. asD. so16. All the President’s Men ____ one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.A. remainB. remainsC. remainedD. is remaining17. “You ____ borrow my notes provided you take care of them”, I told my friend.A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. can18. If only the patient ____ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A. had receivedB. receivedC. should receiveD. were receiving19. Linda was ____ the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.A. to startB. to have startedC. to be startingD. to have been starting20. She ____ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A. must beB. had beenC. could beD. must have been21. It is not ____ much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.A. thatB. asC. soD. very22. The committee has anticipated the problems that ____ in the road construction project.A. ariseB. will ariseC. aroseD. have arisen23. The student said there were a few points in the essay he ____ impossible to comprehend.A. had foundB. findsC. has foundD. would find24. He would have finished his college education, but he ____ to quit and find a job to support his family.A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have25. The research requires more money than ____.A. have been put inB. has been put inC. being put inD. to be put in26. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably ____ a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.A. no moreB. not moreC. even moreD. much more27. It is not uncommon for there ____ problems of communication between the old and the young.A. beingB. would beC. beD. to be28. ____ at in his way, the situation does not seem so desperate.A. LookingB. LookedC. Being lookedD. To look29. It is absolutely essential that William ____ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A. will continueB. continuedC. continueD. continues30. The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a _____ forgery.A. man-madeB. naturalC. crudeD. realPart 2: Reading Comprehension. （40 P）Passage AOn New Year’s Day, 50,000 inmates in Kenyan jails went without lunch. This was not some mass hunger strike to highlight poor living conditions. It was an extraordinary humanitarian gesture: the money that would have been spent on their lunches went to the charity Food Aid to help feed an estimated 3. 5 million Kenyans who, because of a severe drought, are threatened with starvation. The drought is big news in Africa, affecting huge areas of east Africa and the Horn. If you are reading this in the west, however, you may not be aware of it—the media is not interested in old stories. Even if you do know about the drought, you may not be aware that it is devastating one group of people disproportionately: the pastoralists. There are 20 million nomadic or semi-nomadic herders in this region, and they are fast becoming some of the poorest people in the continent. Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.How so? It comes down to the reluctance of governments, aid agencies and foreign lenders to support the herders’ traditional way of life. Instead they have tended to try to turn them into commercial ranchers or agriculturalists, even though it has been demonstrated time and again that pastoralists are well adapted to their harsh environments, and that moving livestock according to the seasons or climatic changes makes their methods far more viable than agriculture in sub-Saharan drylands.Furthermore, African pastoralist systems are often more productive, in terms of protein and cash per hectare, than Australian, American and other African ranches in similar climatic conditions. They make a substantial contribution to their countries’ national economies. In Kenya, for example, the turnover of the pastoralist sector is worth $800 million per year. In countries such as Burkina Faso, Eritrea and Ethiopia, hides from pastoralists’ herds make up over 10 per cent of export earnings. Despite this productivity, pastoralists still starve and their animals perish when drought hits. One reason is that only a trickle of the profits goes to the herders themselves; thelion’s share is pocketed by traders. This is partly because the herders only sell much of their stock during times of drought and famine, when they need the cash to buy food, and the terms of trade in this situation never work in their favour. Another reason is the lack of investment in herding areas.Funding bodies such as the World Bank and-USAID tried to address some of the problems in the 1960s, investing millions o f dollars in commercial beef and dairy production. It didn’t work. Firstly, no one bothered to consult the pastoralists about what they wanted. Secondly, rearing livestock took precedence over human progress. The policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors. They were based on two false assumptions: that pastoralism is primitive and inefficient, which led to numerous failed schemes aimed at converting herders to modern ranching models; and that Africa’s drylands can support commercial ranching. They cannot. Most of Africa’s herders live in areas with unpredictable weather systems that are totally unsuited to commercial ranching.What the pastoralists need is support for their traditional lifestyle. Over the past few years, funders and policy-makers have been starting to get the message. One example is intervention by governments to ensure that pastoralists get fair prices for their cattle when they sell them in times of drought, so that they can afford to buy fodder for their remaining livestock and cereals to keep themselves and their families alive（the problem in African famines is not so much a lack of food as a lack of money to buy it）. Another example is a drought early-warning system run by the Kenyan government and the World Bank that has helped avert livestock deaths.This is all promising, but more needs to be done. Some African governments still favour forcing pastoralists to settle. They should heed the latest scientific research demonstrating the productivity of traditional cattle-herding. Ultimately, sustainable rural development in pastoralist areas will depend on increasing trade, so one thing going for them is the growing demand for livestock products: there will likely be an additional 2 billion consumers worldwide by 2020, the vast majority in developing countries. To ensure that pastoralists benefit, it will be crucial to give them a greater say in local policies. Other key tasks include giving a greater say to women, who play critical roles in livestock production. The rich world should pay proper attention to the plight of the pastoralists. Leaving them dependent on foreign food aid is unsustainable and will lead to more resentment, conflict, environmental degradation and malnutrition. It is in the rich world’s interests to help out.01. Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A. Forcing Africa’s nomadic herders to become ranchers will save them from drought.B. The difference between pastoralist and agriculturalist is vital to the African people.C. The rich world should give more support to the African people to overcome drought.D. Environmental degradation should be the major concern in developing Africa’s pastoralism.02. The word “encapsulates”in the sentence “Their plight encapsulates Africa’s perennial problem with drought and famine.”（para. l）can be replaced by ____.A. concludes.B. involves.C. represents.D. aggravates.03. What is the author’s attitude toward African drought and traditional lifestyle of pastoralism?A. Neutral and indifferent.B. Sympathetic and understanding.C. Critical and vehement.D. Subjective and fatalistic.04. When the author writes “the policies and strategies of international development agencies more or less mirrored the thinking of their colonial predecessors.”（para. 4）, he implies all the following EXCEPT that the aid agencies did not ____.A. have an objective view of the situation in AfricaB. understand the unpredictable weather systems thereC. feel themselves superior in decision makingD. care about the development of the local people05. The author’s main purpose in writing this article is ____.A. to evaluate the living conditions of Kenyan pastoralistsB. to give suggestions on the support of the traditional pastoralism in AfricaC. to illustrate the difference between commercial ranching and pastoralismD. to criticize the colonial thinking of western aid agenciesPassage BCivil-Liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over information on its users’search behavior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice（DOJ）has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods.What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related to national security, but the government’s continuing attempt to police Internet pornography. In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act（COPA）, but courts have blocked its implementation due to First Amendment concerns. In its appeal, the DOJ wants to prove how easy it is to inadvertently stumble upon pore. In order to conduct a controlled experiment—to be performed by a UC Berkeley professor of statistics—the DOJ wants to use a large sample of actual search terms from the different search engines. It would then use those terms to do its own searches, employing the different kinds of filters each search engine offers, in an attempt to quantify how often “material that is harmful to minors” might appear. Google contends that since it is not a party to the case, the government has not right to demand its proprietary information to perform its test. “We intend to resist their motion vigorously,” said Google attorney Nicole Wong. DOJ spokesperson Charles Miller says that the government is requesting only the actual search terms, and not anything that would link the queries to those who made them. （The DOJ is also demanding a list of a million Web sites that Google indexes to determine the degree to which objectionable sites are searched. ）Originally, the government asked for a treasure trove of all searches made in June and July 2005; the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth ofsearch queries.One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case. If the built-in filters that each search engine provides are effective in blocking porn sites, the government will have wound up proving what the opposition has said all along—you don’t need to suppress speech to protect minors on the Net. “We think that our filtering technology does a good job protecting minors from inadvertently seeing adult content,”says Ramez Naam, group program manager of MSN Search.Though the government intends to use these data specifically for its COPA-related test, it’s possible that the information could lead to further investigations and, perhaps, subpoenas to find out who was doing the searching. “What if certain search terms indicated that people were contemplating terrorist actions or other criminal activities?” Says the DOJ’s Miller, “I’m assuming that if something raised alarms, we would hand it over to the proper autho rities.” Privacy advocates fear that if the government request is upheld, it will open the door to further government examination of search behavior. One solution would be for Google to stop storing the information, but the company hopes to eventually use the personal information of consenting customers to improve search performance. “Search is a window into people’s personalities,” says Kurt Opsahl, an Electronic Frontier Foundation attorney. “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without w orrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”01. When the American government asked Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft to turn over information on its users’ search behavior, the major intention is ____.A. to protect national securityB. to help protect personal freedomC. to monitor Internet pornographyD. to implement the Child Online Protection Act02. Google refused to turn over “its proprietary information”（para. 2）required by DOJ as it believes that ____.A. it is not involved in the court caseB. users’ privacy is most importantC. the government has violated the First AmendmentD. search terms is the company’s business secret03. The phrase “scaled back to”in the sentence “the request has been scaled back to one week’s worth of search queries”（para. 3）can be replaced by ____.A. maximized toB. minimized toC. returned toD. reduced to04. In the sentence “One oddity about the DOJ’s strategy is that the experiment could conceivably sink its own case.”（para. 4）, the expression “sink its own case”most probably means that ____.A. counterattack the oppositionB. lead to blocking of porn sitesC. provide evidence to disprove the caseD. give full ground to support the case05. When Kurt Opsahl says that “They should be able to take advantage of the Internet without worrying about Big Brother looking over their shoulders.”（para. 5）, the expression “Big Brother”is used to refer to ____.A. a friend or relative showing much concernB. a colleague who is much more experiencedC. a dominating and all-powerful ruling powerD. a benevolent and democratic organizationPart 3: Answering Questions. （20 P）Passage AMillions of elderly Germans received a notice from the Health & Social Security Ministry earlier this month that struck a damaging blow to the welfare state. The statement informed them that their pensions were being cut. The reductions come as a stop-gap measure to control Germany’s ballooning pension crisis. Not surprisingly, it was an unwelcome change for senior citizens such as Sabine Wetzel, a 67-year-old retired bank teller, who was told her state pension would be cut by $12. 30, or 1% to $1,156. 20 a month. “It was a real shock,” she says. “My pension had always gone up in the past.”There’s more bad news on the way. On Mar. 11, Germany’s lower house of Parliament passed a bill gradually cutting state pensions—which have been rising steadily since World War II—from 53% of average wages now to 46% by 2020. And Germany is not alone. Governments across Western Europe are racing to curb pension benefits. In Italy, the government plans to raise the minimum retirement age from 57 to 60, while France will require that civil servants put in 40 years rather than 37. 5 to qualify for a full pension. The reforms are coming despite tough opposition from unions, leftist politicians, and pensioners’ groups.The explanation is simple: Europeans are living longer and having fewer children. By 2030 there will only be two workers per pensioner, compared with four in 2000. With fewer young workers paying into the system, cuts are being made to cover a growing shortfall. The gap between money coming in and payments going out could top $10 billion this year in Ger many alone. “In the future, a state pension alone will no longer be enough to maintain the living standards employees had before they retired,” says German Health & Social Security Minister Ulla Schmidt. Says Italian Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti: “The welfare state is producing too few cradles and too few graves.”Of course, those population trends have been forecast for years. Some countries, such as Britain and the Netherlands, have responded by making individuals and their employers assume more of the responsibility for pensions. But many Continental governments dragged their feet. Now, the rapid runup in costs is finally forcing them to act. State-funded pension payments make up around 12% of gross domestic product in Germany and France and 15% in Italy—two percentage points more than 20 years ago. Pensions account for an average 21% of government spending across the European Union. The U. S. Social Security system, by contrast, consumes just 4.8% of GDP. Therising cost is having serious repercussio ns on key European nations’ commitments to fiscal restraint. “Governments have no choice but to make pension reform a priority,” says Antonio Cabral, deputy director of the European Commission’s Directorate General for Economic & Financial Affairs.Just as worrisome is the toll being exacted on the private sector, corporate contributions to state pension systems—which make up 19. 5% of total gross pay in Germany—add to Europe’s already bloated labor costs. That, in turn, blunts manufacturers’ competitivene ss and keeps unemployment rates high. According to the Institute of German Economics in Cologne, benefit costs reached a record 41. 7% of gross wages in Germany last year, compared with 37.4% a decade before. French cement manufacturer Lafarge says pension cost of $121 million contributed to a 9% fall in operating profits last year.To cope, Germany and most of its EU partners are using tax breaks to encourage employees to put money into private pension schemes. But even if private pensions become more popular, European governments will have to increase minimum retirement ages and reduce public pensions. While today’s seniors complain about reduced benefits, the next generation of retirees may look back on their parents’ pension checks with envy.QuestionsParaphrase Italian Finance Minister Giulio Tremonti’s statement “The welfare state is producing too few cradles and too few graves”? What is implied by the last sentence of the passage “While today’s seniors complain about reduced benefits, the next gene ration of retirees may look back on their parents’ pension checks with envy”?Passage BIn the old days, it was all done with cakes. For Marcel Proust, it was a visit to Mother’s for tea and madeleines that provided the access to “the vast structure of recollection” that was to become his masterpiece on memory and nostalgia, “Remembrance of Past Things.” These days, it’s not necessary to evoke the past: you can’t move without tripping over it.In an age zooming forward technologically, why are all the backward glances? The Oxford English Dictionary’s first definition of nostalgia reads: “acute longing for familiar surroundings; severe homesickness.” With the speed of computers doubling every 18 months, and the net doubling in size in about half that, no w onder we’re aching for familiar surroundings. Since the cornerstone of the Information Age is change, anything enduring becomes precious. “People are looking for something authentic,” says McLaren. Trouble is, nostalgia has succumbed to trends in marketing, demographics and technology. “Nostalgia ain’t what it used to be,” says Michael J. Wolf, senior partner at Booz-Allen & Hamilton in New York. “These are the new good old days.” Baby boomers form the core of the nostalgia market. The boomers, defined by American demographers as those born between 1946 and 1964, are living long and prosperous lives. In both Europe and America, they remain the Holy Grail for admen, and their past has become everyone’s present. In a study on “entertainment imprinting,” two A merican marketing professors, Robert Schindler and Morris Holbrook, asked people ranging in age from 16 to 86 which popular music from the past they liked best. People’s favorite songs, they found, tended to be those that were popular when they were about 24, with their affection for pop songs diminishing on either side of that age. Doubtless Microsoft knows about entertainment imprinting, or at least nostalgia. Thecompany hawks its latest Explorer to the strains of Simon and Garfunkel’s “Homeward Bound,” just as it launched Windows 98 to the tune of “Start Me up” by the Rolling Stones. Boomers remember both tunes from their 20s.If boomers are one market that values memories, exiles are another. According to the International Organization of Migration, more than 150 million people live today in a country other than the one where they were born—double the number that did so in 1965. This mass movement has sources as dire as tyranny and as luxurious as the freedoms of an EU passport. But exiles and refugees share one thing: homes left behind. Type in “nostalgia” on the search engine Google, and one of the first sites that pop up is the nostalgia page of The Iranian, an online site for Iran’s exiles, most of whom fled after 1978’s Islamic revolution. Perhaps t he savviest exploitation of nostalgia has been the secondhand-book site alibris. com, which features stories of clients’ rediscovering long-lost books on it. One John Mason Mings writes of the glories of finding a book with information on “Kickapoo Joy Juice,” ad dreaded medicine of his youth. A Pennsylvanian waxes over alibris’s recovery of his first-grade primer” Down cherry Street.” The Net doesn’t merely facilitate nostalgia—it promotes it. Web-based auction houses have helped jump-start markets for vintage items, form marbles to Apple Macintoshes.Cutting-edge technology, designed to be transient, has even bred its own instanostalgia. Last year a $666 Apple I went for $18,000 to a British collector at a San Francisco auction. “Historic! Microsoft Multi plan for Macintosh” crows one item on eBay’s vintage Apple section. Surf to The Net Nostalgia Quiz to puzzle over questions like “In the old days, Altavista used to have which one of these URLs?”Those who don’t remember their history are condemned to rep eat it. Or so entertainment moguls hope, as they market “70s TV hits like “Charlie’s Angels” and “Scooby Doo,” out next year, to a generation that can’t remember them the first time round. If you’ve missed a Puff Daddy track or a “Sopranos” episode, panic not. The megahits of today are destined to be the golden oldies of 2020, says Christopher Nurko of the branding consultant FutureBrand. “I guarantee you, Madonna’s music will be used to sell everything,” he says. “God help me, I hope it’s not selling insurance.” It could be. When we traffic in the past, nothing’s sacred.QuestionsExplain the beginning sentence “In the old days, it was all done with cakes.” What is the other big group besides baby boomers which values memories? What do these people share? What is “nostalgia market”? What do they sell in the nostalgia market?Part 4: Writing. （30 P）Please reflect on the following opinion and write an essay of about 400 words elaborating your view with a well-defined title.Some people believe the key of the reform in the education system is a well-shared awareness that educations is there, instead of simply offering the knowledge important to the students, to improve the students in an all-round way, and especially to guide them to a careful pondering over such fundamental issues as life itself and social responsibility. An undue emphasis on knowledge-education and the resultant ignorance over the guidance to the students to a proper understanding of life will bring us nothing but a large number of “memorizing machines”. We can never expect a group of young people well prepared for the real social life.。

大学翻译硕士MTI历年考研真题-2013广东外语外贸大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题(回忆版)(1)

2013广东外语外贸大学翻译硕士MTI考研试题（回忆版）缩略语1、United Nations Development Program（UNDP）2、Eurobond Market3、The Guardian4、Reuters5、Christian Science Monitor6、zero-sum game7、savings portfolio8、CSR9、intentional homicide10、criminal jurisprudence11、bring an indictment12、global sourcing13、the first-mover advantage14、healthcare interpreting15、the Sound and the Fury16、民政部17、水利部18、对外贸易仲裁委员会19、国务院办公厅20、中华全国工商联21、广外高级翻译学院22、开场白23、企业并购24、农民工25、产学合作26、居安思危27、生产销售假冒伪劣产品罪28、公诉人29、《楚辞》30、字幕翻译名词解释1、国际贸易2、储蓄率3、经济结构4、出口导向5、货币政策6、创业板市场7、退市机制8、借壳9、垃圾股10、“寻租”行为11、西方中心论12、斯宾格勒13、汤因比14、玛雅人15、中央集权16、封建社会17、成文法典18、判例法19、主观能动性20、董仲舒中译英中国烹饪艺术世界中有一种食品，兼具牛肉、家禽和鱼类三种风味，它不仅价廉，而且营养，在代复一代的中国烹饪占有重要的一席。

它为中国帝王和农民所共享，如今又在西方国家中获得某种程度的人缘。

它就是凝乳状豆制品，俗称豆腐。

豆腐之为食品，可以有各种形状、各种硬度或稠度（consistency），制豆腐的副产品是豆浆，是全中国很普遍的饮料。

豆腐较硬的变种，称为豆腐干的，常常加上香料，供作点心。

豆腐经过发酵而成为另一种点心，通常使西方人掩鼻的，称为“臭豆腐”。

2013年对外经济贸易大学英语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2013年对外经济贸易大学英语学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Part I Vocabulary and Grammar (30%)Section OneChoose from A, B, C or D the ONE that best completes the sentence, and mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET (20 points, 1 point each).1. And that’s not the case with the program _____ now.A. As it standB. As it standsC. so it standsD. As standing【答案】B【解析】目前的这个计划并非如此。

as it stands now 是一个常用词组，表示目前现在的情况。

当然此题还可以根据句子的语法结构分析出正确的答案，首先可以肯定的排除A 项as it stand 肯定是错误的，这里单数第三人称不可能用动词原形，D项也不对，这里没有表示进行时的意思，C项so 也不合适，因为这里not…. as…有比较的意思在里面。

2. I wonder if you could _____ me a discount of 8% on orders for 1000 units or above.A. provideB. effectC. allowD. make【答案】C【解析】对于一次1000套或者更多的订单，你能给我8%的优惠吗？discount 有“打折，优惠”的意思，常用的搭配有make a discount of, offer sb. a discount, allow sb. a discount. 注意这里a discount 前面有宾语me, 所以不能用make a discount of，只能用allow me a discount 或者offer me a discount.3. _____ we would like to close the business with you, we find your bid unacceptable.A. As muchB. Much asC. Like muchD. Much like【答案】B【解析】虽然我们很想和您合作，但是贵方的报价超出了我们的承受范围。

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财教创办北大、人大、中、北外授训营对视频集、一一保分、、小班
2013年广东外语外贸大学
英语翻译硕士
考研真题及答案解析
育明教育梁老师提醒广大考生:
历年考研真题资料是十分珍贵的,研究真题有利于咱们从中分析出题人的思路和心态,因为每年专业课考试不管在题型还是在内容上都有很高的相似度，考研学子们一定要重视.
有什么疑问可以随时联系育明教育梁老师,我会为根据各位考生的具体情况提供更加有针对性的指导。

英语翻译基础
1、United NationsDevelopment Program （UNDP ）联合国开发计划署
2、EurobondMarket 欧洲债券市场
3、TheGuardian 卫报
4、Reuters 路透社
5、Christian Science Monitor 《基督教科学箴言报》
6、zero-sumgame 零和游戏
7、savingsportfolio 储蓄组合
8、CSR 企业社会责任
9、intentionalhomicide 故意杀人
10、criminal jurisprudence 刑法学
11、bring an indictment 提起上诉
12、global sourcing 全球采购
13、the first-mover advantage 先行优势
14、healthcare interpreting 医疗口译
15、the Sound and theFury 《喧嚣与骚动》
16、民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs
17、水利部Ministryof Water Resources。