英文论文开题报告 无名的裘德
全英文读书报告《无名的裘德》
Reading Report on Jude the ObscureI. Author: Thomas Hardy1. His LifeThomas Hardy, (2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928) is an English poet and regional novelist, whose works depict the county "Wessex", named after the ancient kingdom of Alfred the Great. Hardy's career as writer spanned over fifty years. His earliest books appeared when Anthony Trollope (1815-82) wrote his Palliser series, and he published poetry in the decade of T.S. Eliot's The Waste Land. Hardy's work reflected his stoical pessimism and sense of tragedy in human life.Hardy was born in Upper Bockhampton, a hamlet in the parish of Stinsford to the east of Dorchester in Dorset, England in 1840. His father Thomas worked as a stonemason and local builder. His mother Jemima was well-read. She educated Thomas until he went to his first school at Bockhampton at age eight. For several years he attended Mr. Last's Academy for Young Gentlemen in Dorchester. Here he learned Latin and demonstrated academic potential. However, a family of Hardy's social position lacked the means for a university education, and his formal education ended at the age of sixteen when he became apprenticed to James Hicks, a local architect. Hardy trained as an architect in Dorchester before moving to London in 1862; there he enrolled as a student at King's College, London. He won prizes from the Royal Institute of British Architects and the Architectural Association. Hardy never felt at home in London. He was acutely conscious of class divisions and his social inferiority. However, he was interested in social reform and was familiar with the works of John Stuart Mill. He was also introduced to the works of Charles Fourier and Auguste Comte during this period by his Dorset friend, Horace Moule. Five years later, concerned about his health, he returned to Dorset and decided to dedicate himself to writing.While on an architectural mission to restore the parish church of St Juliot in Cornwall, Hardy met and fell in love with Emma Lavinia Gifford, whom he married in 1874. Although he later became estranged from his son her death in 1912 had a traumatic effect on him. After her death, Hardy made a trip to Cornwall to revisit places linked with their courtship, and his Poems 1912–13 reflect upon her death. In 1914, Hardy married his secretary Florence Emily Dugdale, who was 39 years his junior. However, he remained preoccupied with his first wife's death and tried to overcome his remorse by writing poetry.Hardy became ill with pleurisy in December 1927 and died at Max Gate just after 9 pm on 11 January 1928, having dictated his final poem to his wife on his deathbed; the cause of death was cited, on his death certificate, as "cardiac syncope", with "old age" given as a contributory factor. His funeral was on 16 January at Westminster Abbey, and it proved a controversial occasion because Hardy and his family and friends had wished for his body to be interred at Stinsford in the same grave as his first wife, Emma. However, his executor, Sir Sydney Carlyle Cockerell, insisted that he be placed in the abbey's famous Poets' Corner. A compromise was reached whereby his heart was buried at Stinsford with Emma, and his ashes in Poets' Corner.Shortly after Hardy's death, the executors of his estate burnt his letters and notebooks. Twelve records survived, one of them containing notes and extracts of newspaper stories from the 1820s. Research into these provided insight into how Hardy kept track of them and how he used them in his later work. In the year of his death Mrs. Hardy published The Early Life of Thomas Hardy,1841–1891: compiled largely from contemporary notes, letters, diaries, and biographical memoranda, as well as from oral information in conversations extending over many years.Grave of Thomas Hardy's heart at Stinsford parish churchHardy's work was admired by many writers of a younger generation including D. H. Lawrence and Virginia Woolf. In his autobiography Goodbye to All That, Robert Graves recalls meeting Hardy in Dorset in the early 1920s, and Hardy received him and his new wife warmly, and was encouraging about his work.Hardy's cottage at Bockhampton and Max Gate in Dorchester are owned by the National Trust.Thomas Hardy was bestowed many honors during his lifetime, including being nominated President of the Society of Authors in 1909; the Order of Merit from King George V in 1910; the Gold Medal from the Royal Society of Literature in 1912; an honorary degree from Cambridge University, and an honorary fellowship of Magdalene College, Cambridge.2. His Literary ThemesHardy‟s witness of the change of the Victorian society made his later works seem to be more desperate too. Life after 1870s in England became drastically different with drastic changes in mood and tenor. Science and industrialization went hand in full swing, the nation was heading to the phase of aggressive and barbaric capitalism, and millions of people found themselves struggling for mere existence. Factories straggled across the country; farms went bankrupt; and huge numbers of the poor landed in city slums. The world became increasingly more amoral. Man was no longer a free ethical being in face of the forces out of his control. He was manipulated by fate and destiny and chances, and there was nothing he could do about it. The mood of frustration, despair, and pessimism hanged over the nation, and the age of Emile Zola‟s naturalism had arrived. Although Hardy did not embrace Zola‟s naturalistic aesthetic, he was apparently affected; the spirit of determinism characteristic of the naturalistic works of the period permeated his later novels as well. Hence in this aspect and more, Hardy anticipated the coming of the modern novel in his country.Hardy criticizes certain social constraints that hindered the lives of those living in the 19th century. Considered a Victorian Realist writer, Hardy examines the social constraints that are part of the Victorian status quo, suggesting these rules hinder the lives of all involved and ultimately lead to unhappiness. In Two on a Tower, Hardy seeks to take a stand against these rules and sets up a story against the backdrop of social structure by creating a story of love that crosses the boundaries of class. The reader is forced to consider disposing of the conventions set up for love. Nineteenth-century society enforces these conventions, and societal pressure ensures conformity. Swithin St Cleeve's idealism pits him against contemporary social constraints. He is a self-willed individual set up against the coercive strictures of social rules and mores.Hardy‟s characters often enco unter crossroads, which are symbolic of a point of opportunity and transition. But the hand of fate is an important part of many of Hardy's plots. Far From the Madding Crowd tells a tale of lives that are constructed by chance. “Had Bathsheba not sent the valentine, had Fanny not missed her wedding, for example, the story would have taken an entirely different path.”[9] Hardy's main characters often seem to be in the overwhelming and overpowering grip of fate.3. His WorksNovels of Character and Environment:The Poor Man and the Lady (1867, unpublished and lost)Under the Greenwood Tree (1872)Far from the Madding Crowd (1874)The Return of the Native (1878)The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886)The Woodlanders (1887)Wessex Tales (1888, a collection of short stories)Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891)Life's Little Ironies (1894, a collection of short stories)Jude the Obscure (1895)Romances and Fantasies:A Pair of Blue Eyes (1873)The Trumpet-Major (1880)Two on a Tower (1882)A Group of Noble Dames (1891, a collection of short stories)The Well-Beloved (1897) (first published as a serial from 1892)Novels of IngenuityDesperate Remedies (1871)The Hand of Ethelberta (1876)A Laodicean (1881)Hardy also produced a number of minor tales and a collaborative novel, The Spectre of the Real (1894). An additional short-story collection, beyond the ones mentioned above, is A Changed Man and Other Tales (1913). His works have been collected as the 24-volume Wessex Edition (1912–13) and the 37-volume Mellstock Edition (1919–20). His largely self-written biography appears under his second wife's name in two volumes from 1928–30, as The Early Life of Thomas Hardy, 1840–91 and The Later Years of Thomas Hardy, 1892–1928, now published in a critical one-volume edition as The Life and Work of Thomas Hardy, edited by Michael Millgate (1984).Short Stories (with date of first publication):"How I Built Myself A House" (1865)"Destiny and a Blue Cloak" (1874)"The Thieves Who Couldn't Stop Sneezing" (1877)"The Duchess of Hamptonshire" (1878)"The Distracted Preacher" (1879)"Fellow-Townsmen" (1880)"The Honourable Laura" (1881)"What The Shepherd Saw" (1881)"A Tradition of Eighteen Hundred and Four" (1882)"The Three Strangers" (1883)"The Romantic Adventures Of A Milkmaid" (1883)"Interlopers At The Knap" (1884)"A Mere Interlude" (1885)"A Tryst At An Ancient Earthwork" (1885)"Alicia's Diary" (1887)"The Waiting Supper" (1887–88)"The Withered Arm" (1888)"A Tragedy Of Two Ambitions" (1888)"The First Countess of Wessex" (1889)"Anna, Lady Baxby" (1890)"The Lady Icenway" (1890)"Lady Mottisfont" (1890)"The Lady Penelope" (1890)"The Marchioness of Stonehenge" (1890)"Squire Petrick's Lady" (1890)"Barbara of the House of Grebe" (1890)"The Melancholy Hussar of The German Legion" (1890) "Absent-Mindedness in a Parish Choir" (1891)"The Winters And The Palmleys" (1891)"For Conscience' Sake" (1891)"Incident in Mr. Crookhill's Life"(1891)"The Doctor's Legend" (1891)"Andrey Satchel and the Parson and Clerk" (1891)"The History of the Hardcomes" (1891)"Netty Sargent's Copyhold" (1891)"On The Western Circuit" (1891)"A Few Crusted Characters: Introduction" (1891)"The Superstitious Man's Story" (1891)"Tony Kytes, the Arch-Deceiver" (1891)"To Please His Wife" (1891)"The Son's Veto" (1891)"Old Andrey's Experience as a Musician" (1891)"Our Exploits At West Poley" (1892–93)"Master John Horseleigh, Knight" (1893)"The Fiddler of the Reels" (1893)"An Imaginative Woman" (1894)"The Spectre of the Real" (1894)"A Committee-Man of 'The Terror'" (1896)"The Duke's Reappearance" (1896)"The Grave By The Handpost" (1897)"A Changed Man" (1900)"Enter a Dragoon" (1900)"Blue Jimmy: The Horse Stealer" (1911)"Old Mrs. Chundle" (1929)"The Unconquerable"(1992)Poetry Collections:The Photograph (1890)Wessex Poems and Other Verses (1898)Poems of the Past and Present (1901)The Man He Killed (1902)Time's Laughingstocks and Other Verses (1909)The V oice (1912)Satires of Circumstance (1914)Moments of Vision (1917)Collected Poems (1919)Late Lyrics and Earlier with Many Other Verses (1923)Human Shows, Far Phantasies, Songs and Trifles (1925)Winter Words in Various Moods and Metres (1928)The Complete Poems (Macmillan, 1976)Selected Poems (Edited by Harry Thomas, Penguin, 1993)Hardy: Poems (Everyman's Library Pocket Poets, 1995)Thomas Hardy: Selected Poetry and Nonfictional Prose (St. Martin's Press, 1996)Selected Poems (Edited by Robert Mezey, Penguin, 1998)Thomas Hardy: The Complete Poems (Edited by James Gibson, Palgrave, 2001)[edit] DramaThe Dynasts (verse drama)The Dynasts, Part 1 (1904)The Dynasts, Part 2 (1906)The Dynasts, Part 3 (1908)The Famous Tragedy of the Queen of Cornwall at Tintagel in Lyonnesse (1923) (one-act play)II. The Novel Jude the ObscureJude the Obscure, published in 1895, met with overwhelming negative outcries from the Victorian public for its frank treatment of sex, and was often referred to as "Jude the Obscene". Heavily criticized for its apparent attack on the institution of marriage through the presentation of such concepts as erotolepsy (erotolepsy is a term first used by English author Thomas Hardy in his 1895 novel Jude the Obscure to describe a passionate sensual desire and longing which is more violent and urgently felt than erotomania(色情狂). It has been variously described as "love-seizure" and "sexual recklessness". The term has since made its way into more widespread common parlance, being used by such writers as American poet Susan Mitchell in her 2001 poetry collection Erotikon), the book caused further strain on Hardy's already difficult marriage because Emma Hardy was concerned that Jude the Obscure would be read as autobiographical. Some booksellers sold the novel in brown paper bags, and the Bishop of Wakefield is reputed to have burnt his copy. In his postscript of 1912, Hardy humorously referred to this incident as part of the career of the book: "After these [hostile] verdicts from the press its next misfortune was to be burnt by a bishop – probably in his despair at not being able to burn me".In Jude the Obscure, Thomas Hardy presents the characters Jude Fawley and Sue Bridehead who violate the conventions of the repressive Victorian society while attempting to follow their natural instincts. Their journey of pursuing true love has never been joyful under the pressure from the Victorian society, especially when Jude is a romantic and lower-class man who is ambitious to enter university and Sue is a so educated and wise woman. Just before they got to know clearly the love between each other, both of them had paid their marriage or freedom forpublic pressure----Jude had to marry Arabella for his first curiosity of woman and that resulted in a unhappy marriage; Sue had to promise Phillotson that she would marry him after she finished the teaching work Phillotson introduced to her. However, both of them cannot live such boring life. Finally Jude, being rejected by his dream of entering university, ran away with Sue and could at least live with his love. Though both of them were kind of suffering the pain of escaping or abandoning their former marriage, they had a relatively happy life and had two children of their own and one eldest kid from Arabella and Jude who was very peculiar and nicknamed …Father Time‟. At this time, though the family did everything to get better off, gossips always haunted them, which made Sue grow more and more depressed and doubt whether she made the wrong choice. Unfortunately, her painful words were heard by Father Time, and he thought all these sorrow and pain in life was caused by the three kids. Thus he killed the other two children and committed suicide. The huge grief of losing three kids made Sue so desperate that she turned to be another totally different woman all of sudden. She began to believe in those creeds she ever scorned and started to pray all the time in the church and considered only her former formal marriage in church to be the only accepted sacred marriage. Thus finally she went back to Phillotson as an atonement of her …crime‟, leaving Jude in frustration and hopelessness. Till the end, Jude not only did not realize his university dream, but also failed to make his true love survive in cruel Victorian society.Every reader should recognize that the failure of realizing a dream or having romantic love could never be the only thing Hardy wants to tell them. The themes of the novel consist of enormous issues, such as the struggle of the lower class people, reveal and critique of traditional Victorian values, and the struggle of female consciousness and so on. This reading report is aimed to analyze the three themes mentioned, mainly focused on the last one and taking Sue as the example.Firstly, in this novel, Jude stands for many other lower class people who were born to be poor and had to work hard to make a living. Even though Victorian Age in people eyes seems to be full of gold and luxury, what cannot be ignored is the more and more furious contradiction between the bourgeoisie and the working class. Workers have to work very hard to survive, not to mention realizing dreams. In this case, readers will never think of that in real life an ordinary worker would struggle to seize every opportunity to study on his own, dreaming one day he could go to university just like those noble students. That is what mostly makes Jude so peculiar and lovely in readers‟eyes. His persistent longing to being a university student and all his seemingly silly efforts for that has touched many readers‟ heart. Furthermore, his desperate love also arises much contemplation. When a man meets his true love, should he rushes to catch it disregarding anything else, especially when he was nobody? Actually the reason why readers conclude Jude is so special is that in real life few people pay a little attention to those common and obscure workers around them. Every worker must have their dreams just like Jude, dreams of having better life. Every worker must have their love just like Jude, love they think they could never leave behind. Both these workers and Jude live their life as every other higher class people do, only harder and tougher. But Jude in the novel Hardy depicts to readers still has something special----Jude seeks for knowledge, and entering university is a good approach. This kind of dream makes readers more surprised and more sensitive about Jude‟s experience. Thus Jude‟s similarity with other workers and his peculiarity as a seeker of education form a tension and exaggeration which lead readers to penetrate workers‟ both life and mind problems. As a result,it is a little one-sided to consider the novel as a song of failure of one man, instead taking Jude in a background where though workers have been exhausted to make a living in a very tough environment, they still have dreams and also exert all their energies to try to finish it. However, Jude does not realize his dream. Though his dream itself seems to be romantic and unpractical, the workers‟ struggle will not end for some time.Secondly, readers could easily find many Victorian values broken in this novel in not only the character‟s behaviors and words but also Hardy‟s description of sex. Generally speaking, the whole Victorian Age is a period when light and darkness, grace and dirty, saint and evil coexist with each other. What people and the society accept and praise at that time is always the good side, even if all the people are doing bad things simultaneously. Reason, moral integrity and self-restrainment become people‟s creed and at the same time the suppression of human and freedom. What is most emphasized is that marriage is sacred and couples should not have sex before they get married. However, in this background, Hardy tells readers a fresh story. The hero and heroine should abandon their respective lawful marriage and live together unmarried in church and have two children. No doubt that more and more gossips appear and linger on. And over once Hardy describes the sex boldly (in Victorian Age women should not be seen any piece of skin from head to toe). Thus it is imaginable that Jude the Obscure must be an atomic bomb at that time. However, modern readers should believe that what Jude and Sue do is not wrong and they just want to pursue the true love. What stop them are the society and the traditional value system. Even only the heroine, Sue, is a rather educated woman with wisdom. Her bold contact with a college man, her scorn toward those traditional creed and her bravery to run away with Jude, show that her mind goes far more advanced than other people, even than Jude. Nevertheless, in the end Jude and Sue‟s marriage gets broken like a bubble, Jude loses his ambition and his love and dies lonely and desperately, and Sue go away from her love and suffers the spiritual pain. At the ultimate moment, the particular couple cannot go through the pressure of the traditional values and morality.Thirdly, compared to Jude, Sue, as an smart enough woman, shows more spiritual conflict and arouses more controversy and readers‟ rethinking about women at that time. Just as what is mentioned in last paragraph, women in Victorian Age are both respected and despised. In life they should cover themselves up to teeth for protection but one man could buy any thirteen-year-old girl by 3 pounds. Women have no right to make big decisions at home and are considered by men to be the attachment to men. Women from higher class are treated like a vase, and those from lower should go out to work. Even the greatest politician at that time thinks that the vote right can destroy women‟s purity. Patriarchy is the dominant force. All these lead to many unsatisfied responses from women. Women's suffrage movement began in 1872in the United Kingdom unquestionably. As a tide-chasing writer, Hardy is deeply influenced by it. Not only in Jude the Obscure, but in his many other works can readers find his attention toward and remarkable description of women. Sue, a fresh female figure Hardy depicts, not only reads many books but also has wise brain. She looks down on those religion creeds, believes that marriage is just used to be shown to others to prove love and she never thinks that man is superior to woman so that she ever makes friends with a university student for a long time but when the schoolboy show his love to her, she thinks that is not actually what she wants and leaves him. Even when she finally lives together with Jude, she still refuses Jude‟s suggestion that they get married in church. Her passion and honesty in love, in her opinion, does not need to be proved withmarriage, or the cage of marriage could only make her love fade. Such a new female in Hardy‟s novel indeed reflects the females‟ situation at late nineteenth century: women were no longer the embodiment of innocence and obedience but became a new knowledgeable force against the patriarch society. They began to know the world and fought for themselves for freedom and rights. Sue is an example of them. She is undoubtedly learned, which astonishes Jude, and her words and behaviors show her reversal of the established rules at that time. However, she pays a lot for these so that she falls into endless guilty and identity crisis. Her faith changes and she turns to be a devout believer. She not only abandons her love, her passion but also her all definition of her life. Equality, freedom and true love have been cast away and are replaced by religion, atonement, obedience, self-restrainment dominating her later life. From here, it can be considered that Hardy could not offer a right way for women to fight a way out or he also cannot totally put women on the equal position with men. Thus Sue, and Arabella who manages to get everything she wants by any means, the two women, do not achieve real freedom and become the sacrifice of abnormal society under the pressure of traditional values in the end.。
无名的裘德读书报告(英文版)
The Book Report of Jude the ObscureJude the Obscure is one of the most famous novels in Victorian age written by Tomas Hardy, which has withstood the test of time. It is also the last of Tomas Hardy's tragic novels. When I first read this book, I was deeply touched by the anfractuous characters, plots and space-time structure of this masterpiece.This is a story full of tragedies. Jude Fawley is a young Wessex villager who has intellectual aspirations but had no chance to be admitted to a university all through his life. Heroine Sue is a beautiful woman with independent personality and thoughts. She looked down upon the secular and rigid religions. They fall in love with each other for their similar interests. But under the double pressure of poverty and social disapproval, their relationship deteriorates and tragedy overtakes them. Jude has no way to support his family and trapped into a dilemma. At the same time, Jude's eldest child by Arabella hangs Jude and Sue's two children. Sue was distressed by this reality, eventually succumbed to the fate and the church, left Jude and returned to Phillotson. After that, Jude begins to drink heavily and dies miserably soon after under the age of thirty. This is the main plot of the novel. When I finished reading this book, hardly can I believe in such pure love between Jude and Sue.What caused the tragedy of Jude at that period? Of course, it was because of his poverty, low status that led him no way to escape from the lowest depths of the actual social world. Jude failed in his career as well as his marriage. So Jude suffered a double blow. The novel devotes too much space to discuss the relationship between love and marriage. Generally speaking, if one has deep feelings to his spouse, they will have a perfect marriage undoubtedly. However, in Victorian age, it is not a truth in real life. It also involved with the limitation and affection of the social customs and values. Jude first lived with Arabella and then lived with Sue, while the two women has distinct personalities. Arabella is a practical woman with strong desire. In terms of personality, she is not suitable for Jude and the gap between them is enormous. While for the lack of possessiveness, Jude had sex with Arabella, and later, Arabella cheats him that she was pregnant, Jude had no choice but to got married with her. Thereupon, they started their tragic marriage with no love. Arabella doesn't care that they have love or not, what she cares is that whether it is useful for her. Once she knows that one cannot bring benefits to her, she can leave at any time. It is no wonder that she left Jude and went abroad to marry another man later. And at last, she went out of her way to let remarried with her. This is the image of Arabella.However, Sue is utterly different from Arabella, but her personality has changed a lot by suffering a lot of hard times. Previously, Sue is a well-educated, intelligent and independent girl. She has brave rebellion to the old traditional customs. For instance, she brings that little statue to her room which is not accepted by the social life then. In addition, she interacts with Jude openly regardless of the objections of school. She is so unique that Jude praised her a progressive female with V oltaire spirits. And it's a good summary for her. Nevertheless, she is not strong and powerful enough as well as Jude to struggle against the traditional Victorian values. She suffered blows one by one. Firstly, she was confined to prison by the school becauseshe escaped from her room to make appointments Jude. Then she left Phillotson and eloped with Jude to pursue her own happiness. However, she still cannot live happily with Jude ever after. She believed that all the tragedies were the punishments by God, they cannot get rid of the shackles and obstacles of fates. Both of them become the victims of the old traditions.Although in this novel, a lot of space is devoted to describing the matter of love and marriage. What is the true essence of the two notions? How to deal with the relationship between them? Is there true love in the world? These are all the matters discussed by people in all ages. While in the Victorian age, the true love between Jude and Sue is defeated by the conventions of the repressive society. At that time, people believed that it is illegal to live together before one get married with another, so Jude and Sue have trouble in finding jobs and renting house. They were so severely judged by the secular society. But now, without any trouble, we can pursue our own happiness and life patterns. And I am firmly believed that all of us can lead a happy life with the true love for that love is a rare and precious thing which can help us overcome any difficulties. Despite that we may come across some practical matters, we can get through all the obstacles by strong convictions.Although the novel use a large amount of word to describe love and marriage. The true essence is to reveal the tragedies of the lower class like Jude, whom is too powerless to struggle against the unfair society and inhumane bourgeoisie. In addition, the themes of the novel consist of enormous issues, such as the struggle of the lower class people, reveal and criticize the traditional Victorian values, and the struggle of female consciousness and so on. From Hardy's point ot view, it seems like a conflict between individuals and society. As a matter of fact, it's a clash between workers and bourgeoisie. Only when we have had solved this contradiction, can our society make big advancements in the future.The book becomes a world classic not only because of the rich connotations, but also the deep thoughts and profound themes. The author exquisitely detailed portrays the characters. A masterpiece will succeed not in plots but the implied meaning of the work though it reflected a lot of intricate relationships. So when we read a famous work, we must use patience to appreciate every line and every word carefully to understand the true essence. Just as Jude the Obscure, it needs your careful reading and tasting. Not like the popular fiction, we just enjoy the interesting plots only and do not need to consider the language structures. The more famous works you read, the more knowledge you will get. You will find it deserves all the efforts you spared sooner or later.。
jude the obscure无名的裘德
Jude the Obscure, the last completed of Thomas Hardy's novels, began as a magazine serial and was first published in book form in 1895. Jude is a working-class young man who dreams of becoming a scholar. The other main character is his cousin, Sue, The themes in the novel revolve around issues of class, education, religion and marriage. .when it published, the novel and hardy had been criticized, because of the criticism of Jude the Obscure, he gave up writing novels.Writing [edit]Around 1887, Hardy began making notes for a story about a working-man's frustrated attempts to attend the university, perhaps inspired in part by the scholastic failure and suicide of his friend Horace Moule. originally under the title The Simpletons, then Hearts Insurgent. In 1895, the book was published in London under its present title, Jude the Obscure(dated 1896). In the Preface to the first edition, Hardy provides details of the conception and writing history of the novel, claiming that certain details were inspired by the death of a woman (most likely his cousin, Tryphena Sparks) in 1890.Plot summary[edit]The novel tells the story of Jude Fawley, Jude dreams of studying at the university in Christminster, but his background as an orphan raised by his working-class aunt leads himinstead into a career as a stonemason in the southern English region of Wessex As a youth, Jude teaches himself Greek and Latin in his spare time while working in his aunt's bakery. Before he can try to enter the university, Jude has slept with a young woman named Arabella, and then they get married, and cannot leave his home village. Before long their marriage goes sour and Arabella moves to Australia, Jude resolves to go to Christminster at last.In Christminster, Jude meets his cousin Sue Bridehead and tries not to fall in love with her. Jude hopes her in Christminster, so shortly introduces Sue to his former schoolteacher, Mr. Phillotson, whom she later marries Sue. Once they marry, Jude finds that Sue is not happy with her situation. She can no longer tolerate the relationship and leaves her husband to live with Jude.Both Jude and Sue get divorced, but Sue doesn’t want to marry Jude. Arabella reveals to Jude that they have a son in Australia after she leaves Jude 8 mouths. And Jude asks to take him in. After that they remove to another place where nobody knows them. Jude serve as parents to the little boy and have two children of their own.Jude falls ill, and when he recovers, he decides to return to Christminster with his family. They have trouble finding lodging because they are not married, and Jude stays in an inn separate from Sue and the children. At night Sue takes Jude's son out to look for a room and the little boy decides that they would be better off without so many children.In the morning, Sue goes to Jude's room and eats breakfast with him. They return to the lodging house to find that Jude's son has hanged the other two children and himself with a simply reads, "Done because we are too menny.” Feeling she has been punished byGod for her relationship with Jude, Sue goes back to live with Phillotson, and Jude is tricked into living with Arabella again. Jude dies soon after.CharactersThemes[edit]The novel explores several themes of social unrest, especially concerning the institutions of marriage, Christianity, and the university. These themes are developed through Hardy's use of contrasting foils. For example, at the beginning of their relationship, Jude's Christian faith contrasts with Sue's religious scepticism, a contrast which is heightened even further by their later role-reversal. Although the central characters represent both perspectives, the novel as a whole is firmly critical of Christianity and social institutions in general.Although Hardy claimed that "no book he had ever written contained less of his own life", contemporary reviewers found several similarities between the themes of the novel and Hardy's life as a working-class man of letters.[3] The unhappy marriages, the religious and philosophical questioning, and the social unrest of Jude the Obscure appear in many other Hardy novels and in Hardy's life. The struggle against fixed class boundaries is an especially important link between the novel and Hardy's life, especially concerning higher education and the working class. Although Jude wishes to attend the university at Christminster, he cannot afford to pay for a degree, Hardy since he, like Jude, was not able to afford a degree at Oxford or Cambridge.。
论《无名的裘德》中裘德人生悲剧的形成原因
本科生毕业设计（论文）封面（ 2017 届）论文（设计）题目作者学院、专业班级指导教师（职称）论文字数论文完成时间大学教务处制英语原创毕业论文参考选题一、论文说明本写作团队致力于英语毕业论文写作与辅导服务，精通前沿理论研究、仿真编程、数据图表制作，专业英语本科论文5000起，具体可以找扣扣958035 640 ，下列所写题目均可写作。
部分题目已经写好原创。
二、原创论文参考题目2 On the Translation of Chinese Classical Poetry from Aesthetic Perspective—Based on the different English versions of “Tian Jing ShaQiu Si”3 探究傲慢与偏见的独特魅力4 弗吉尼亚伍尔夫《到灯塔去》中艺术家莉丽的女性意识5 On building-up a welcoming ESL classroom atmosphere in Junior High School under the New Curriculum Standards6 Ethic Values about Marriage and Sex in the Bible7 论英语课堂教学中的非语言交际8 超验主义思想和美国总统的就职演说910 《诗经》中修饰性叠词的比较研究11 论《飘》中斯嘉丽的进步女性主义思想12 Women and Art: A Historical Review of Women’s Role in Western Art13 浅论《儿子与情人》中劳伦斯的心里分析技巧14 中英婚礼习俗中的红和白颜色文化的研究15 从语用学角度看广告英语中的模糊表达16 英汉恭维语及其应答的对比分析17 约翰斯坦贝克《人鼠之间》的种族主义分析18 从家庭伦理关系视角解读《儿子与情人》的女性主义19 从礼貌原则看《威尔与格蕾丝》的对话20 边缘人的挣扎——浅析《断背山》之恩尼斯21 浅析《野性的呼唤》中的“野性”与“人性”22 跨文化视角下中西方礼貌用语的差异23 《乞力马扎罗山上的雪》中的生与死24 A Study of Humour And Satire in Mark Twain’s Two Famous Adventures25 An Analysis of the Symbolic Meanings of the Letter “A” in The Scarlet Letter26 从好莱坞电影中的中国元素看美国对中国意识观念的转变27 从莱辛的人生经历看《青草在歌唱》28 从中美送礼习俗分析两国文化价值观的差异29 从英汉颜色词的内涵看其翻译30 论交际法在中学英语语法教学中的应用31 (英语系经贸英语)成本领先战略与英国易捷航空32 政论文英译的翻译策略研究33 理想与现实的冲突—霍桑对美国形象的思考34 论企业对员工过度压力的管理35 西方文化视域中《简爱》刍议36 从《芒果街上的小屋》透视女性自我意识的觉醒37 An Analysis of the Development and Future of Gothic Novel38 人民币升值对我国进出口贸易的影响研究39 The Religious Thoughts in The Pilgrim’s Progress40 商务合同中的语篇衔接分析41 两代文学家的“优胜劣汰”－－论《洪堡的礼物》中的反讽寓意42 [毕业论文](日语系毕业论文)从《菊与刀》看日本人的情义43 透过《丛林》看美国梦的破灭44 The Symbols and Their Symbolic Meanings in The Scarlet Letter45 论英语谚语的翻译46 The Study of the Positive Effects of Native Language on Junior School English Teaching47 广告翻译策略初探48 道德与归属地的一致性－－《曼斯菲尔德庄园》空间维度分析49 英语外贸信函的特点及翻译50 基于关联理论的英式幽默研究－－以《哈利波特》为例51 歇斯底里的舞台自语者——《寻找格林先生》主题解读52 解析《拉帕西尼之女》中贝雅特丽丝53 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读54 《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义解读55 圣诞节对大学生的影响的调查研究56 英语广告的语言特点57 杰克伦敦《野性的呼唤》中的生态主义58 中国英语与中式英语之比较59 论《双城记》中的批判现实主义60 翻译中的字词选择61 论《兔子, 跑吧》中哈利的逃避主义62 《双城记》中的人道主义63 适者生存—解读《野性的呼唤》中的“生命的法则”64 动物词在中英文化中的喻义及其翻译65 圣经文化视域下的埃米瑞•巴拉卡《荷兰人》主题解读66 《泰坦尼克号》中美国式爱情观解析67 从功能主义理论看莫言《酒国》中脏话的翻译68 女性哥特视角下的《蝴蝶梦》研究69 浅析跟单信用证软条款及其防范措施70 从异化和归化角度对《爱玛》两个中文译本的比较研究71 语境对法律英语翻译的影响72 关联理论视角下的英语新闻标题研究73 试析海明威《丧钟为谁而鸣》中的人物形象74 由《呼啸山庄》的爱与恨讨论艾米丽勃朗特的写作心理75 An Analysis of Grotesque Featu res in Sherwood Anderson’s Winesburg, Ohio76 浅析隐藏在“面纱”之后的伯莎梅森77 《远大前程》中乔的人道主义精神78 An Analysis of Huckleberry Finn’s Personality79 诗歌《飞鸟集》的意象评析80 论《霍华德庄园》中的象征主义81 英文谚语的文化场景在中译文中的缺失与弥合82 英语语言中的性别歧视83 查尔斯狄更斯《雾都孤儿》的成长主题84 关于方言对英语语音学习影响的研究85 《野性的呼唤》的自然主义解读86 对比研究《珊瑚岛》和《蝇王》主题的冲突性87 英汉恭维语与恭维回应的跨文化分析88 On the Effects of Reading Aloud in English Learning in Senior High School89 广告折射出的中西文化差异及广告翻译策略90 浅析英语新闻标题的语言特征91 从情景喜剧《生活大爆炸》看违反合作原则的言语幽默92 从美学角度浅谈英文电影片名的翻译93 浅析哥特意象在爱伦坡小说《丽姬娅》中的体现94 A Study o f AP’s News Reports from the Angle of Cooperative Principle95 英汉颜色词的文化差异及其翻译96 商务合同英语的语言特征97 论中西文化的差异对习语翻译的影响98 女性主义解读《傲慢与偏见》中的柯林斯99 试析厄内斯特.海明威的悲观主义倾向的成因及其在《丧钟为谁而鸣》中的体现100 A Comparison of the English Color Terms。
美国作文之美国英雄主义开题报告
美国英雄主义开题报告【篇一：从影视作品看中西方英雄主义的变迁】最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作1 从功能理论角度分析电影《点球成金》字幕翻译2 接受美学指导下的电影字幕翻译——以《冰河世纪ii》为例3 论疯女人形象对小说简爱所作贡献4 人性的救赎——从电影《辛德勒的名单》看美国英雄主义的新侧面5 从生态批评的视角看《远离尘嚣》的生态悖论6 从十字军东征看中世纪宗教冲突7 浅析《了不起的盖茨比》中的象征8 《了不起的盖茨比》的叙事技巧分析9 a comparison of the english color terms10 imagery translation in classical chinese poetry11 从跨文化传播角度论中国饮食文化资料的英译12 从商业性角度论电影名称的翻译13 解读《金色笔记》中的女性主义14 文档所公布均英语专业全英原创毕业论文。
原创q 799 75 79 3815 会话原则在国际商务谈判中的运用16 比较中西方身势语在沟通中的应用17 拟象性对后现代消费文化的影响18 a comparison of the english color terms19 分析《永别了，武器》中hey的硬汉形象20 naturalism in sister carrie21 矛盾修辞法的认知语用分析22 语言迁移对第二语言习得的影响的试探性分析研究23 从目的论角度分析产品说明书的翻译24 论《芒果街上的小屋》的“简单”25 英语中易混的修辞手法之区别26 a comparative study on the two chinese versions of anne of green gables from the perspective of receptional aesthetics27 《名利场》中蓓基夏普的女性主义28 暗夜中的精灵——论《寻欢作乐》中的罗西29 “it be adj of sb to do sth”中形容词语义的构式语法研究30 奥斯卡.王尔德的美学观点及其在《道连格雷的画像》中的体现31 a study on developing autonomous learning ability ofjunior high school students 32 on the functions of metaphor in obama’s inaugural address33 中美居民不同储蓄态度对比分析34 从《热爱生命》看杰克?伦敦的生命观35 analyzing holdens character in the catcher in the rye36 古诗词英译关于夸张的翻译策略研究37 归化与异化在文学翻译中的融合应用——评《红楼梦》两英译本中的习语38 the study of strategies on cosmetic marketing based on female consumption psychology 39 解读海明威小说《老人与海》中的生态意识40 on integrity management in modern enterprises41 女性的自我迷失与回归—从女性主义视角解读《蒂凡尼的早餐》(开题报告+论文 )42 双重文化下的文化选择——解析电影《刮痧》中中国移民的文化身份危机43 从引进好莱坞大片看中国意识形态转型: 从集体主义到个人主义44 毛泽东诗词中典故翻译的对比研究45 ezra pound’s attempt to find a savior in his poetry writing46 从自然主义角度解读《苔丝》的悲观主义47 论营销道德与社会责任的履行48 《野性的呼唤》中的人性和野性49 中美家庭价值观差异浅析50 从会话含义理论看《家有儿女》51 欧?亨利短篇小说中的美式幽默风格的翻译52 德伯家的苔丝中人类的欲望——悲剧的根源53 战争对美国文学的影响55 论《围城》中的语码转换56 欧亨利小说中的批判现实主义57 the comparison of the two main characters in danieldefoe’s roxana and emily zola’s nana58 美国广告语中的会话含义研究59 从校园流行语看中美学生思维方式的差异60 从思维方式看中英科普文章的差异61 从叶芝的作品分析其精神世界的转变62 浅析英文爱情诗的特点与翻译方法63 法律英语的特点64 浅议模糊语在商务英语中的运用65 an interpretation of a tale of two cities from the perspective of symbolism66 从《雾都孤儿》看查尔斯?狄更斯的善恶观67 vocabulary teaching based on pragmatic approach68 a comparison of the english color terms69 浅谈商标的特点及其翻译70 论“韩流”在中国71 有关小学双语教学现状及实施问题分析72 网络环境下英语专业学生学习策略研究73 试谈母语对外语学习的影响74 水文化对中西方文化影响的比较研究75 浅谈来自《圣经》的英语习语76 浅析《阿拉比》中男孩的心理成长历程77 女性主义视角下《小妇人》中四姐妹的人物分析78 女性主义翻译理论在文学作品中的体现——以《傲慢与偏见》两个中译本为例79 “欧亨利风格”在其短篇小说中的分析80 浅谈英语习语中动物名称及翻译81 解析《永别了，武器》中亨利的人物形象82 论新历史主义视角下的《在美国》83 an analysis of the cultural identity in amy tan’s the joy luck club84 论简奥斯丁在《傲慢与偏见》中的女性意识和婚姻观85 用交际翻译理论看英语文学书名汉译86 《太阳照常升起》中的“女性化”研究87 浅析《恋爱中的女人》中劳伦斯的爱情观88 a study of hawthorne’s notion of science as shown in “rappaccinis daughter”89 general principles and features of legal english translation90 《咏水仙》两个翻译版本的文体分析91 中英女性爱情观比较——以林黛玉与简爱为例92 凯特肖邦作品中女性自我意识觉醒的主题研究93 叶芝：无望的爱情，多变的风格94 从文化翻译观看异化与归化的相对性95 爱与孤独的互生——舍伍德安德森《曾经沧海》与戴维劳伦斯《马贩子的女儿》对比研究96 论《荆棘鸟》中的女性意识97 an analysis on the tree image on sethe’s back in beloved98 论《亚瑟王之死》中的骑士精神99 外贸合同中介词的用法与翻译100 symbolism in the old man and the sea101 《安尼尔的鬼魂》中“鬼魂”的象征意义探究102 论法律翻译中译者的主体性103 论《兔子归来》中黑人民权意识的觉醒104 从目的论角度分析中医药药品说明书的英译105 论《无名的裘德》中主人公裘德福雷人生悲剧的原因106 浅析哈代笔下经典女性苔丝和苏的人物形象107 化妆品说明书特征及其汉译技巧108 英语演讲语篇中的parallelism及其汉译策略—以奥巴马就职演说稿为例109 张谷若《德伯家的苔丝》译本中的归化与异化110 a study of nonverbal communication111 英汉恭维语的对比研究112 an analysis of space in in the heart of the country113 浅析《洛丽塔》中亨伯特的分裂人格114 《支那崽》的后殖民主义解读115 《老人与海》中的和谐关系116 从《人性的枷锁》分析毛姆的写作手法117 中美礼貌用语的跨文化对比分析118 应酬语的中英文比较119 语法翻译法与交际法的对比研究120 企业资料的翻译原则121 从合作原则分析《老友记》中的人物性格刻画122 《乱世佳人》中的清教主义思想解析123 从《劝导》看简?奥斯汀创作思想的发展124 网络环境下小组合作学习模式研究125 从约翰邓恩的“奇思妙喻”中透视他矛盾的情感观126 塞林格《麦田里的守望者》的逃离与守望127 浅谈电影台词的翻译技巧－－以《追求幸福》为例128 二元对立模型在伍尔夫《达洛卫夫人》中的应用129 浅析《儿子与情人》中的象征意蕴130 初中英语教学中的角色扮演131 harmony is everything: an ecological analysis of thegrapes of wrath132 《德伯家的苔丝》简写本与原著的语篇比较——基于倒装句的分析视角133 a comparison of the english color terms134 翻译中的文化差异135 海明威笔下的另类反英雄——评《艾略特夫妇》和《雨中的猫》中的男性形象 136 the transcultural differences in the translation of commercial advertisements137 无脸之殇——《英国病人》的后殖民指控分析138 movie lines imitation and language learning139 从后殖民女性主义角度解读《藻海茫茫》140 英汉人称指示语的对比研究141 《麦田里的守望者》中的象征主义分析142 美国总统面面观143 功能对等理论在科技论文摘要翻译中的运用144 《绝望主妇》人物语言个性化翻译浅析145 《都柏林人》——一座城市的精神瘫痪146 浪漫主义天性和实用主义个性之间的冲突——评《呼啸山庄》中凯瑟琳人性的矛盾 147 《哈克贝利?费恩历险记》中阶级面面观148 a comparison of the english color terms149 an analysis on cultural differences in translation150 从现代性角度浅议商标名的改写技巧151 浅析小说《傲慢与偏见》中爱情和婚姻的关系152 “庸人”自扰——《普鲁弗洛克情歌》主题探究153 中英社交禁忌习俗异同之比较分析154 中西方社交礼仪差异研究——以商务礼仪为例155 英语歧义初探及其排除方法156 战争隐喻在体育新闻报道中的运用157 浅谈进口商品商标的翻译158 robert frost’s man and nature159 the analysis of surreal symbolism in shelley’s poetry160 论《傲慢与偏见》中婚姻选择的经济动因161 从《简爱》看夏洛蒂?勃朗特的女性意识162 试论中学英语教育中师生关系模式的构建163 a comparison of the english color terms164 从生态女性主义视角解读《喜福会》165 浅析合作原则和礼貌原则在商务信函中的运用166 浅析中学英语口语教学现状及对策167 从死亡委婉语中透视中西方文化差异168 课堂管理对高中英语课堂互动的影响169 中英报刊新闻标题语言特色探讨170 中餐菜名英译中的文化亏损现象探析171 简爱的双重性格分析173 浅论创造性叛逆—以《一朵红红的玫瑰》三个译本为例174 社交活动中肢体语言的研究175 the loss and gain in classical chinese poetry translation176 论中英思维方式差异对主语翻译的影响177 britain needs a monarch—cause analysis of the existence of the monarch in britain 178 经贸英语中的缩略语现象及其应用 179 从《夜莺与玫瑰》看王尔德唯美主义的道德观180 从道德角度分析简?奥斯丁《劝导》中的女主人公安妮?艾略特 181 大学生上网调查182 小学英语课堂教学氛围调查研究183 译者主体性观照下的中文菜名英译184 论《了不起的盖茨比》中的道德观185 文化差异对中美商务谈判的影响和应对策略186 a contrastive analysis of chinese and american nonverbal privacy187 英汉同义词对比及翻译188 浅析《德伯维尔家的苔丝》中造成苔丝悲剧的因素189 从影视作品看中西方英雄主义的变迁190 gulliver’s alienation: from an economic being to a political being191 商务英语信函文体分析192 论《飘》中斯嘉丽的进步女性主义思想193 在文化教学中提高英语学习者的跨文化交际能力194 英语习语的认知分析195 论英语课堂有效提问的策略196 从玛氏公司看英美文化对广告的影响197 on the translation of culture-loaded words in the light of chinese brand names translation 198 sino-us cultural differences——through comparison between apple and oppo 199 从广告语看中西文化观200 译员主体性在歌曲《我有个梦》歌词翻译中的体现【篇二：余帆的开题报告】长沙学院本科毕业设计（论文）开题报告（ 2013 届）2013年 1 月 8 日的呼唤》分析其所包含的深刻的哲学思想、复杂的主题、生动活泼的语言、扣人心弦的情节和自然清新的艺术风格,而引起众多读者和评论家的注意。
论《无名的裘德》中裘德的悲剧根源
论《无名的裘德》中裘德的悲剧根源作者简介：袁顺红女（1988-），汉，重庆巴南，重庆师范大学外国语学院2011级硕士研究生，专业：英语语言文学，研究方向：英美文学。
（重庆师范大学重庆401331）摘要：托马斯.哈代是十九世纪英国伟大的作家，他的小说以悲剧为主。
《无名的裘德》是哈代最后一部小说，但也被看作是其最优秀的一部。
该小说主要反映中下层社会人裘德的生存和精神追求，然而裘德的一生短暂又悲剧。
本论文主要从社会背景，裘德的个人原由两个方面来分析造成裘德悲剧的根源。
关键词：裘德，悲剧，根源中图分类号：i106.4 文献标识码：a 文章编号：1006-026x （2012）12-0000-011.引言托马斯.哈代是英国跨越19世纪和20世纪（维多利亚后期）最富盛名的小说家诗人，他的小说继承了维多利亚小说的现实主义风格。
《无名的裘德》的出版，遭到当时维多利亚旧秩序的维护者的指责，抨击其内容伤风败俗、亵渎神圣。
《无名的裘德》讲述了主人公社会下层人士裘德为理想而奋斗，最终却悲剧的一生。
主人公裘德是个孤儿，过着寄人篱下的生活，他内心敏感却又非常的勤奋好学，一边帮工的同时一边自学，梦想有一天可以进入高等学府—基督寺。
然而裘德的人生计划却被一个女人的出现打破了，这个女人就是美貌而粗俗的屠夫之女艾拉贝拉，裘德受她的诱惑并同她结了婚，但不久艾拉贝拉就抛弃裘德另觅新欢。
裘德移居基督寺，与表妹淑相遇，两人一见倾心。
同时，裘德申请进入基督寺学习，却遭到了拒绝，纵使他满腹经纶。
虽然裘德与淑都互生爱意，但淑出于一时的自虐心理，突然宣布嫁给久已对她有意的费劳孙（裘德儿时的恩师）。
虽然费劳孙对淑尊重体贴，但淑发现自己爱的还是裘德，所以离开了他投向裘德的怀抱。
两人并没正式结婚，只是自由同居并育有子女。
处处都是流言蜚语，受到社会的排斥，所以一家人无处栖身，过得十分困苦。
绝望中，长子“小时光老人”（father time，裘德与艾拉贝拉所生）吊死了弟妹，随后自杀。
Judetheobscure_无名的裘德英语读后感500字
Judetheobscure_无名的裘德英语读后感500字"Jude the obscure" is a British writer Thomas. Hardy wrote a book, because "Jude the obscure" tells the story of a love story of cousins, so the author of this book has been public attacks.The book is about a young man named Jude who is studious, ambitious and eager to go to college, but is shut out of college. And his beloved cousin looks smart, open mind, but she and Jude love is not worldly accepted, so she left Jude, and Jude were caused by the disease, early death.Jude has always been a studious person, hoping to become a priest, so he worked very hard, but in his time, a dark time, everything is to serve the rich and powerful people, born poor cold, no money no forces Jude is destined to go to university, his family like an invisible wall to prevent him from entering the University gate. It was such a sad thing that a knowledgeable and talented man was buried. Some have questioned whether the college entrance examination should be cancelled because it puts too much pressure on students. But if there is no entrance, it will not appear more Jude, because of the existence of college entrance examination, many ordinary students can have their own future, is leading to the way of my dreams, there will not be such a tragedy of Jude.While the heroine in the book Sook, began as a warm and cheerful person, disdain to abide by the tradition, bold and love Jude, it has been by the people, the old forces strong social pressure suffocatively in social forces of oppression, she became a traditional conservative man, she became numb, no longer enthusiastic, optimistic, a tragedy is caused by the old custom of the.Just like in ancient China, the feudal forces also make women imprisoned in the traditional thought of the three obediences and the four virtues ", and poor, but never sway at the time it seems the etiquette is more important than life, Pu Songling wrote" Ning Ying "is like a lady, began to warm and cheerful, in the little finger, she also from a person not to stick at trifles into the rules, abide by the traditional people, these traditional old ideas that women suffer oppression, caused many tragedies.This book fully questioned the dark social environment and the denial of traditional marriage.。
无名的裘德 读书报告
Book ReportClass：11Name:王少慧The Book Report of Jude the Obscure Introduction:Thomas Hardy (1840-1928), a Victorian writer, is born in Dorse. He gave up architecture and made literature his profession. He is a transitional writer between 19th and 20th century. In him, we see the influence both from the past and the modern: an apparent nostalgic touch in the primitive rural life and sympathetic attitude toward those traditional characters.Thomas Hardy was bestowed many honors during his lifetime, including being nominated President of the Society of Authors in 1909; the Order of Merit from King George V in 1910; the Gold Medal from the Royal Society of Literature in 1912; an honorary degree from Cambridge University, and an honorary fellowship of Magdalene College, Cambridge.Hardy‟s characters in the novels often encounter crossroads, which are symbolic of a point of opportunity and transition. But the hand of fate is an important part of many of Hardy's plots. Far From the Madding Crowd tells a tale o f lives that are constructed by chance. “Had Bathshebanot sent the valentine, had Fanny not missed her wedding, for example, the story would have taken an entirely different path.”[9] Hardy's main characters often seem to be in the overwhelming and overpowering grip of fate. Jude the Obscure is the last of Thomas Hardy's novels. In the book, its hero, Jude Fawley, is a working-class young man who dreams of becoming a scholar. The other main character is his cousin, Sue Bridehead, who is also his central love interest. The themes in the novel revolve around issues of class, education, religion, and marriage. Hardy began making notes for the story in 1887.BodyHardy‟s novel shows the forces of nature outside and inside. In his novel, man are not the masters of their fates, they are at the mercy of indifferent forces, which control their behaviors and their relations with others. Hardy likes to give up a vivid description of the change of society.The life of Jude is a tragedy. He fails in his career and love. He is diligent when he is a boy. He dreams of going to the Christ Minster and spare no effort to do for his dream. Because of this, he ever does a stupid thing. He wants to get some Latin and Greek grammars form a phycian and the phycian promise him to sell his books to him if Jude can get some orders for him, but at last, the phycian breaks his promise. Luckily, he gets the book from his teacher. During the three or four successive years, we can see a strange vehicle from the book. Jude educates himself byprivate study. The way is quite funny. As soon as the horse has learnt the road and houses at which he is to pause a while, the boy, seated in front, would slip the reins over his arms, ingeniously fix open, by means of a strap attached to the tilt. He does his best to learn, he can understands the meaning more or less by himself. He is in an enthusiastic mood and seems to see his way to living comfortably in Christ Minster in the course of a year or two. …I have acquired an average student‟s power to re ad the common ancient classic Latin in particular.‟ He promises, …I‟ll DD before I have done.‟Jude has a unhappy marriage. Jude marries Arabella become of her temptation, but Jude does not know. Jude doesn‟t love her, but he marries her because of his reputation, he knows well, in the secret centre of his brain, that Arabella is not worth a great deal as a specimen of womankind. The life after Jude marries is unhappy. Gradually Jude knows the reason why Arabella marries him. Because of this, Arabella and he lose their temper and their marriage breaks up.Jude also has a unhappy love. After Jude devoices, he meets his lover, Sue, fall in love with each other. But Sue marries others. Sue also has a unhappy marriage. After she devoices, she and Jude live together. But they soon find it impossible to enjoy a real happiness in life, because they fail to get married legally. Jude, a promising and ambitious youth, doesn‟t has a change to become a priest and find a job. They are prejudicedeverywhere even have not a house to live in. because the tragic death of their children and the unexpected difficulties in life, Sue returns to her husband to bear with her earlier suffering. Jude also goes back to his wife though they never love each other. Jude died for love at last.Maybe that is the life which is full of difficulties and sorrows and also have unexpected thing. Jude loses his career because of his love, even dies for it. Although he gets nothing, he seeks for it. I appreciate him just for his courage. Jude is only a simple people, but I like him. ConclusionHardy's work reflects the rural town of capitalism after the British invasion caused by socio-economic, political, moral, customs and other aspects of the profound changes and people (especially women) of the tragic fate of the bourgeoisie revealed the ethical, legal and religious hypocrisy of. Connecting link between his work, while carrying on the fine British tradition of critical realism, but also for the 20th century English literature opened up the road.I believe that, in addition to the above other than the hero and heroine of their religion seems to better reflect the evolution and dislocation creation of the author's intent: to reflect individual circumstances at the time of struggle and social difficulties, is still suffering after the failure of the unfortunate fate. In this paper, Jude and Shu point of the respective religious conversion, re-examine "Jude the Obscure", pointed out that thecause of the tragedy of life for many reasons, the influence of religion is undoubtedly very important, especially in the religious hero and heroine the dislocation, exacerbated by the formation of the tragedy. First, Jude is a spiritual world Qiude Fan endowment established excellent, honest and kind-hearted, ambitious young people in rural areas. Parents died, he came from Mailer's Village Glen and old regardless of his wife Mary live together. Cost of labor in the rural teacher Richard Sun guidance, hard work, there。
论《无名的裘德》中的雌雄同体现象
论《无名的裘德》中的雌雄同体现象作者：闫平来源：《校园英语·下旬》2018年第02期【摘要】托马斯·哈代是横跨两个世纪的英国作家，一生中创作了无数脍炙人口的作品，《无名的裘德》是其最后一部小说。
这部作品一定程度上也是哈代的自传。
它以悲怆的语调描述了年轻人裘德的悲剧一生。
对于这部作品，多数研究集中于其中蕴含的现代主义因素、现实主义特色或悲剧主题上，虽然也有人试图从女性主义的角度予以研究，但很少有从雌性同体的角度进行的研究。
本论文旨在分析《无名的裘德》中所体现的雌雄同体现象，并探究其最终走向失败的原因。
【关键词】无名的裘德；雌雄同体；父权制；主体【作者简介】闫平（1992- ），女，山西长治人，辽宁师范大学外国语学院，研究生，研究方向：英语语言文学。
一、引言托马斯·哈代是一位跨越两个世纪的英国作家。
在他一生中，他创作了丰富的作品。
他把他的作品分为三类：性格和环境小说，传奇和幻想作品以及机巧和实验小说。
在这三类作品中，他尤以性格和环境小说著名。
他的代表作品有《远离尘嚣》、《卡斯桥市长》、《德伯家的苔丝》和《无名的裘德》。
《无名的裘德》是哈代最后一部小说。
一定程度上，这部作品也是哈代的自传。
它以空间顺序描写了乡村青年裘德悲剧的一生。
对于这部作品，国内外学者褒贬不一并从不同角度进行了研究。
美国评论家W Phelps 在他的《论托马斯.哈代》中说：“无论从道德还是艺术的角度来看，《无名的裘德》都是哈代最糟糕的作品。
”英国学者F Chapman 认为“裘德的基督寺梦是不切实际的，除了无节制地炫耀才能与学识。
”尽管哈代因不堪忍受批评而转向诗歌创作，也有学者赞成并支持哈代在《无名的裘德》中的观点。
J.B.Allen指出“这部小说是有力量的。
”国内外学者主要从女性主义、性格分析、艺术手法、现代主义因素等方面对《无名的裘德》进行了研究。
但很少有学者从雌雄同体的角度对作品进行研究。
雌雄同体是由弗吉尼亚.吴尔芙首次引入文学创作和批评，它是女性主义的一个分支。
英文论文开题报告 无名的裘德
本科毕业论文开题报告
（人文社科类适用）
论文（设计）题目
从达尔文主义浅析《无名的裘德》中的向善思想
学生姓名
专业
英语
指导教师
选题目的和意义：
《无名的裘德》是哈代小说中最受争议的一部作品，哈代的悲观主义命运观是与他的哲学理念息息相关的，而这一理念又源于19世纪中期的达尔文主义。然而这部小说的悲观主义色彩并不是哈代真正的意图所在，本研究的真实意图是要通过作品中人物的悲观主义来映衬出哈代对社会改良的希望,以及对积极乐观向善的渴求,即进化向善论。
注：1.此表前五项由学生填写后交指导教师签署意见，否则不得开题；此表作为毕业论文（设计）评分的依据。
2.学生填写部分可以用电脑输入，教师填写部分必须手填。本表要求双面打印。
完成论文的条件、方法及措施：
研究本课题过程中的难点在于如何将达尔文主义、积极向善论与主人公生活的背景和环境相结合，进入深入的探讨。想要解决这个问题，在对环境背景、人物性格和情节的研究基础上，更需要对理论知识有深刻的了解，具体方法如下：
1.引证法
2.文献综述法
3.整理法
指导教师意见及建议：
签字：
年月日
然而，在这方面的研究主要集中于对《无名的裘德》中的向善思想，具体到从达尔文主义对其研究却少之又少。所以本研究选取从达尔文主义浅析《无名的裘德》中的向善思想这一角度进行研究分析，在了解达尔文主义的相关知识的前提下对《无名的裘德》中的向善思想进行分析，为日后的学习和工作提供帮助。
《无名的裘德》中的人物悲剧命运研究 英语、 -回复
《无名的裘德》中的人物悲剧命运研究英语、-回复题目：A Study on the Tragic Fate of the Characters in "The Unknown Jude"Introduction:In "The Unknown Jude," the characters' tragic destinies play a crucial role in shaping the narrative. This study aims to delve into the reasons behind their unfortunate fates. By examining the socio-economic background, personal struggles, and societal norms, we can gain a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to their tragic outcomes.Body:1. Socio-economic background:In the novel, one of the primary factors leading to the characters' tragic fates is their socio-economic background. For instance, the protagonist, Jude, is born into a lower-class family, which limits his access to education and opportunities. This restriction shapes his outlook on life and prevents him from escaping poverty. Similarly, Sue Bridehead, another significant character, is also affected byher lack of economic privilege. These characters' relentless pursuit of self-improvement in a society that discriminates against them ultimately leads to their tragic ends.2. Personal struggles:The personal struggles faced by the characters in "The Unknown Jude" also contribute to their tragic destinies. Jude possesses an intense desire to gain acceptance from the upper-class society, which perpetually torments him. This internal struggle influences his decisions and often leads him down a path of self-destruction. Furthermore, Sue's internal conflict between societal expectations and her unconventional beliefs leads to her tragic fate. Her inability to conform to societal norms prevents her from finding happiness and fulfillment, ultimately resulting in tragedy.3. Societal norms:The restrictive societal norms prevalent during the time period of "The Unknown Jude" greatly impact the characters' tragic fates. The strict moral codes and religious doctrines place unnecessary burdens on the characters, limiting their personal freedoms and happiness. This tragedy is exemplified through Arabella's character, who is a victim of societal expectations regardingmarriage and fidelity. Her actions to conform to these societal norms result in suffering for both herself and Jude. Society's harsh judgment and disapproval ultimately shape the tragic outcomes depicted in the novel.4. Relationships and Love:Love and relationships in "The Unknown Jude" contribute significantly to the characters' tragedy. The inability to find and maintain meaningful connections with others creates a sense of isolation and despair. Jude's relationships with both Arabella and Sue are marked by hardship and unfulfilled desires, leading to immense emotional turmoil. Their tragic love stories depict the destructive consequences of unrequited love, societal pressures, and personal insecurities.Conclusion:"The Unknown Jude" masterfully portrays the tragic fates of its characters through socio-economic backgrounds, personal struggles, societal norms, and failed relationships. The novel's exploration of these factors provides valuable insights into the complexities of human existence and highlights the profoundimpact of external circumstances on individual destinies. By analyzing and understanding these elements, readers can gain a deeper appreciation for the tragic beauty and social commentary presented in the novel.。
无名的裘德英文金典句子
【一】:英文论文开题报告无名的裘德本科毕业论文开题报告（人文社科类适用）注此表前五项由学生填写后交指导教师签署意见，否则不得开题；此表作为毕业论文（设计）评分的依据。
学生填写部分可以用电脑输入，教师填写部分必须手填。
本表要求双面打印。
【二】:《无名的裘德》主人公人物形象浅析最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142 战后美国对伊拉克娱乐文化的影响内地与港台海外电影片名翻译的比较关于英语谚语翻译的一些意见论《双城记》中的现实主义风格《嘉莉妹妹》中赫斯特伍德人生悲剧美国电视剧中双关语的研究－重点关注双关语的汉语翻译中英姓名的文化内涵浅析合作原则在外贸英文电函中的应用用会话含义理论分析《傲慢与偏见》中的人物对白汉英翻译中的中国式英语产生的原因及对策英语歌曲在英语教学中的应用培养中学生认识并有意识的使用词汇记忆策略 Research on the Re-creation in the Translation of the Trademarks in Different Cultures 论《少奶奶的扇子》中的扇子宋词英译中的模因传播分析女性哥特视角下的《蝴蝶梦》苔丝悲剧中乌托邦情结的探析论教师的非语言行为在课堂教学中的作用《理智与情感》的现实主义特征爱米丽与祥林嫂悲剧的比较研究仿拟在商业广告中的应用Maintaining and Revitalizing the Native American Languages 通过阅读提高大学生的英语写作能力 On Promotion of Rural Middle School Students’ Oral English (英语系经贸英语)浅析企业如何通过市场定位打开销售渠道浅析马拉默德小说《店员》中的“犹太性”论《一个温和的建议》中的黑色幽默《飘》的成长主题解读从合作原则违反角度分析《破产姐妹》中的幽默话语中英习语文化异同及其翻译克里斯加德纳的成功之路——电影《当幸福来敲门》评析查尔斯达尔内——《双城记》中一个内心充满矛盾的人物《远大前程》的叙事技巧从《红色英勇勋章》看社会突变对人的成长的影响 Analysis on the Withdrawal of Feminism in The Great Gatsby 美国俚语中所折射出的美国亚文化现象卢梭的浪漫主义思想在《远大前程》中的反映汉英颜色词语的内涵语义浅析《麦田里的守望者》中反叛精神分析跨文化交际中社交语用失误及应对策略论《绯闻女孩》中的美国社会文化特征词汇教学中词汇的深层认知处理研究43 托尼莫里森小说的家庭关系无名的裘德英文金典句子。
哈代《无名的裘德》与中国文学文化
International Comparative Literature VOL.3 NO.2 (2020): 335–DOI: 10.19857/ki.ICL.2020328Copyright © Shanghai Normal University354哈代《无名的裘德》与中国文学文化*On the Relatedness of Thomas Hardy’s Jude the Obscure to Chinese Literature and Culture费小平 重庆师范大学FEI Xiaoping Chongqing Normal University****************** 投稿日期 Submitted Date: Feb. 28, 2019；接受刊登日期 Accepted Date: Apr. 10, 2020.Abstract: Thomas Hardy ’s last novel Jude the Obscure is one of his mostmature works, and together with Tess of the d ’Urbervilles and The Return ofthe Nativ e, is considered as an “intellectual novel.” In terms of theme, plot andculture, the novel bears some similarities to Chinese literature and film. However,these similarities are not due to direct influences between them, but are ratherrelated to the quintessence of poetry and the spirit of literature synchronicallytranscending space and time. Yet, similarities are also accompanied bydissimilarities. We can depend on a large quantity of textual material, andtherefore summarize the quintessence of poetry and the spirit of literatureconcerned. Likewise, the aesthetic value of literary works may be excavated, andthe mechanics of literary development explored, which tends to make a down-to-earth contribution to the textualization of parallel study for comparative literature.With this premise, Goethe ’s “age of world literature ” can be more effectivelyfurthered.Keywords: Jude the Obscure ; theme, plot, and culture; Chinese literature andculture; the quintessence of poem and the mind of literature; parallel study forcomparative literature; “the age of world literature ”Notes on Author: FEI Xiaoping is a PhD in Comparative Literature andWorld Literature, and a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow in English Language andLiterature. Currently he serves as Professor of English Language and Literature atthe School of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Chongqing Normal University,as well as Academic-Technological Vanguard for Chongqing Municipality. Hismajor research areas are English literature, comparative literature, and translationstudies.19世纪后期英国小说家托马斯·哈代生前推出的最后一部小说《无名的裘德》 （Jude the Obscure ，1895），是作者思想上、336国际比较文学INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE LITERATURE2020 年第 3 卷第 2 期艺术上最为成熟的作品之一，也是与《苔丝》 《还乡》并驾齐驱的所谓“知识分子小说”之一。
《无名的裘德》——日神精神酒神精神的协奏曲的开题报告
《无名的裘德》——日神精神酒神精神的协奏曲的
开题报告
《无名的裘德》是一部由法国作家安德烈·纪德创作的小说。
该小说以主人公裘德的形象，研究了日神精神和酒神精神之间的关系，并通过裘德的经历，探讨了文化、信仰和理性与超自然、虚构和追求的关系。
该小说以裘德为主线，描写了他在20世纪初的生活和思想。
裘德是一个法国情感派的诗人、小说家和学者，他对日神精神和酒神精神这两种对比鲜明的哲学思想有着强烈的追求和研究。
日神精神代表了现代文明中理性的一面，以科学、道德和人文精神为核心。
酒神精神则代表了古希腊哲学中的无限追求和超自然幻想，包括爱、美、欲望和艺术等。
裘德在追求酒神精神的过程中，陷入了无尽的迷茫和挣扎，尤其在面临危机时更是无助和沮丧。
不断的挣扎和失败使得裘德从追求酒神精神转向日神精神，从而恢复了自己的理性和信仰。
他将其思考和研究的成果写成了一部哲学著作《酒神和雅典娜的协奏曲》，成为了文化和哲学前沿的领袖。
通过裘德的形象和经历，《无名的裘德》表现了酒神精神与日神精神之间的相互作用，揭示了理性与信仰、文化与自然、现实与超自然之间的关系。
同时，它也表现了作者对理性和自由的探求和对超自然的追寻和渴望。
这部小说不仅是对法国情感主义文学的一次重要贡献，也是对哲学思想和文化信仰的一次深刻探究。
《无名的裘德》中裘德的幻想研究开题报告
《无名的裘德》中裘德的幻想研究开题报告一、选题背景小说《无名的裘德》是美国作家理查德·耶茨的代表作之一，讲述了年近中年的杂货商裘德·弗蒂格宁在经历人生的重大变故后，陷入心理崩溃，并在幻想中试图逃避现实的故事。
这本小说是对人类心理和生存状态的深刻探讨，也是对幻想与现实之间关系的探索。
因此，从裘德的旅程中分析他的幻想，可以揭示人类内心的秘密和幻想在人类心理中的重要地位，具有极高的研究价值。
二、研究目的本文旨在通过对《无名的裘德》中裘德的幻想进行深入分析，探索幻想对于个体心理及其与现实世界的互动关系的影响，同时了解现代人幻想的心理机制和对于现实世界的反响，以期为进一步探究人类内心世界提供思路与参考。
三、研究内容本文重点研究以下几个方面：1.裘德的幻想及其内涵通过对小说《无名的裘德》的梳理，逐步揭示裘德的幻想世界，并分析幻想世界与现实生活之间的联系，揭示幻想的重要心理功能。
2.心理学角度剖析幻想的形成机制在探讨幻想的同时，分析幻想的心理机制和现代人幻想的类型，并探究幻想与人类内心世界之间的关系。
3.现实与幻想的互动关系分析现实与幻想的互动关系，并从中找到现代人的精神归属和对于生活的反响，揭示现代人的幻想生活与现实生活之间的联系。
四、研究方法本文采用文本分析法和心理学研究法相结合的方法进行分析。
文本分析法主要是通过对小说的细致解读，找到幻想与现实生活之间的联系，以及裘德的心理变化。
心理学研究法主要是分析幻想的心理机制和现代人的幻想类型，从专业角度揭示幻想在人类心理中的作用。
五、预期成果本研究旨在探讨人类内心世界和幻想与现实的关系，为了揭示现代人的心理状态和对于现实的认知，预期实现以下目标：1.深入剖析《无名的裘德》中幻想的内涵，展现现代人的心理世界和幻想的多重形态。
2.通过分析幻想的心理机制，揭示幻想对于现代人心理及认知状态的影响。
3.分析现实与幻想的互动关系，从而揭示现代人的幻想生活与现实生活之间的联系。
工作报告之无名的裘德开题报告
无名的裘德开题报告【篇一：英文论文开题报告无名的裘德】本科毕业论文开题报告（人文社科类适用）注：1. 此表前五项由学生填写后交指导教师签署意见，否则不得开题；此表作为毕业论文（设计）评分的依据。
2. 学生填写部分可以用电脑输入，教师填写部分必须手填。
本表要求双面打印。
【篇二：论文写作的开题报告】浅析《无名的裘德》中裘德的悲剧产生的原因一、研究背景本文主要通过从社会原因和裘德周边的人对裘德的影响、裘德自身的原因三个方面对《无名的裘德》的悲剧原因进行解析，并且在此基础上揭示托马斯哈代小说中蕴涵的悲剧感。
二研究问题三研究方法和理论框架本文采用文献资料进行研究，文献资料是了解《无名的裘德》内容和相关资料的一个重要途径，对《无名的裘德》的主题、人物形象、意象等方面都有详细的研究。
本文主要从社会原因和从周边人物的影响，还有从主人公自身的原因来分析裘德为什么勤奋好学，却求职无门，遭受爱情和事业双重打击的原因。
再总结全文并分析了研究的现实意义。
四文献综述国内研究综述：近几年（2001-2007）国内的研究者都从不同的角度研究《无名的裘德》。
总共有十九篇文章直接研究《无名的裘德》。
1994年浙江文艺出版社出版《哈代研究》，评论了《无名的裘德》中的悲剧意识。
2003年河北师范大学王平在（《无名的裘德》悲剧魅力）中则从裘德学业和事业追求的失败研究这部小说的悲剧主题。
国外研究综述：从1995年到2006年，有60篇文章研究《无名的裘德》。
比如说，美国学者altick richard d. dale kramer.五主要要点和结论本文研究中有以下的要点：第一部分简单介绍哈代的生平及他的作品的梗概。
第二部分是从社会角度和周边人物的影响来分析其悲剧的原因。
第三部分是从主人公自身原因来探究其悲剧的原因。
基于上述分析本文得出的结论：裘德悲剧的原因在于个人条件的限制，基本、普遍的社会原因，现实与理想之间的矛盾。
六参考文献(1)出版社，2004.(3) 荆兴梅，用生态批评理论分析哈代的《德伯家的苔丝》和《无名的裘德》[ma],北京：外国语学院，2005.(4) 罗云霞，解读《无名的裘德》中裘德的悲剧形象，《延边党校学报》第5期，2009：98-99.（5）吴宝康，裘德悲剧的社会原因初探，《上海海关高等专科学校学报》第2 期，1999：53-56.（6）李迎丰.无名的裘德一个分裂文本[j].外国文学，2000（3）.（7）聂珍钊.哈代的小说创作与达尔主义[j].外国文学评论，2002（2）.（8）陈文婷.从《无名的裘德》看哈代的宗教观[j].福建师大福清分校学报，2010，（03）.（9）刘建辉.希望的呐喊者—析哈代式悲观主义[j]内蒙古名族大学学报（社会科学报），2006，（02）.(10) 王化学，西方文学经典导论，2004,1月第一版.(11) howe, irving thomas hardy(引自jude the obscure ed .by norman page 第348页)(12)cecil, david .hardy the novelist. london: constable, 1946.（13）carpenter, richard, thomas hardy. new york:st.martin’s press.1964（14） hardy, t.jude the obscure [m]. london: penguin classics, 2（15） mallett,p. sexual ideology and narrative form in judetheobscure[j]. english, 1989(38):211-224.七大纲和论文观点论文观点：浅析《无名的裘德》中裘德的悲剧性的原因。
《无名的裘德》与《儒林外史》：东西方教育的悲剧
《无名的裘德》与《儒林外史》：东西方教育的悲剧硕士学位论文THESIS OF MASTER DEGREE论文题目: 《无名的裘德》与《儒林外史》:东西方教育的悲剧(英文):Jude the Obscure and The Scholars:Educational Tragedies in Orientaland Occidental Worlds作者: 冯凯指导教师: 孙宏教授2007 年 5 月 30 日论文题目:中文《无名的裘德》与《儒林外史》 :东西方教育的悲剧外文 Jude the Obscure and The Scholars: Educational Tragedies in Oriental andOccidental Worlds 所在院、系、所 : 外国语学院专专业、名、称 : 英语语言文学指专导专教专师姓专名、职专称 : 孙宏教授论文主题词:科举制度;悲剧; 高等教育; 独占性学专习专期专限 : 2005 年 09 月至 2007 年 07 月论文提交时间: 2007年 05 月独创性声明本人郑重声明:所呈交的论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。
尽我所知,除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外,论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写的研究成果,也不包含为获得中国人民大学或其他教育机构的学位或证书所使用过的材料。
与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。
签名:冯凯日期: 2007-5-30关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解中国人民大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定,即:学校有权保留送交论文的复印件,允许论文被查阅和借阅;学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容,可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文。
签名:冯凯导师签名: 孙宏日期: 2007-5-30JUDE THE OBSCURE AND THE SCHOLARS: EDUCATIONAL TRAGEDIES IN ORIENTAL AND OCCIDENTAL WORLDS_______________________________________________________A Master’s ThesisPresented toThe School of Foreign LanguagesRenmin University of China_______________________________________________________In Partial FulfillmentOf the Requirements for theMaster of Arts Degree_______________________________________________________byFeng KaiMay 2007论文摘要托马斯?哈代是英国著名的现实主义小说家。
_无名的裘德_中主人公的悲剧探析_任雪丽
第30卷第3期Vol 130 No 13长春师范学院学报(人文社会科学版)Journal of Changchun Normal Universi ty(Humanities and Social Sciences)2011年5月May 120115无名的裘德6中主人公的悲剧探析任雪丽(曲阜师范大学外国语学院,山东曲阜 273165)[摘 要]5无名的裘德6是托马斯#哈代的最后一部小说,在序言中作者指出这是一部/壮志不遂的悲剧0。
本书主人公裘德是个无名小人物,却空怀崇高的理想。
他努力了一生却又回到原点,最终孤独凄惨地死去。
他的悲剧是维多利亚时代的产物,当时各种社会条件如阶级划分、婚姻制度和教育体制等无一不阻止着裘德对理想的追求。
但是根本原因却要归结到裘德的悲剧性性格缺陷,他性格中致命的缺陷就是摇摆不定和耽于幻想。
[关键词]5无名的裘德6;悲剧;维多利亚时代;性格缺陷[中图分类号]I106 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1008-178X(2011)03-0144-03[收稿日期]2010-11-21[作者简介]任雪丽(1982-),女,山东聊城人,曲阜师范大学外国语学院讲师,硕士,从事英美文学研究。
在其最后一部小说5无名的裘德6的序言中,托马斯#哈代指出这是一部/壮志不遂的悲剧0。
主人公裘德不过是一个无名小人物,却有着崇高的愿望。
他追求了一生最后却回到原点。
裘德的一生就是一场悲剧,这是维多利亚时代的产物,但根本原因却要归结到其悲剧性性格缺陷。
裘德是一个悲剧性英雄,他性格中致命的缺陷就是摇摆不定和耽于幻想。
他短暂的一生都在灵与肉之间进行着殊死的斗争。
通过深入分析导致他悲剧的内外因素,我们可以得出关于生活本身的一些普遍的启示意义,从而避免悲剧的重演。
首先,裘德从小就是一个寄人篱下的孤儿,父母婚姻生活不幸,很早就去世了。
他只好跟好心的老姑太太一起生活,住在玛利格伦这个死气沉沉的小村子里面。
裘德酷爱读书,然而贫穷的老姑太太根本没有能力供他上学,就给他找了个为庄稼赶鸟儿的活儿,但因为他同情小鸟而让鸟儿饱餐了一顿被解雇了。
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然而，在这方面的研究主要集中于对《无名的裘德》中的向善思想，具体到从达尔文主义对其研究却少之又少。所以本研究选取从达尔文主义浅析《无名的裘德》中的向善思想这一角度进行研究分析，在了解达尔文主义的相关知识的前提下对《无名的裘德》中的向善思想进行分析，为日后的学习和工作提供帮助。
主要研究内容：
本研究主要针对哈代的经典著作《无名的裘德》中的向善思想进行研究，并且结合达尔文主义，帮助我们进一步了解哈代的创作特点，论文主要的研究内容如下：
国内方面，张红从空间的角度切入,运用空间批评理论对《无名的裘德》进行深入细致的挖掘和探讨，分别对这部作品中所展现的空间所承载的历史、文化和政治等意义给予特别关注，综述托马斯·哈代的思想和创作并介绍长篇小说《无名的裘德》以及当今国内、国外对托马斯·哈代和他的作品的研究状况，同时明确本论文的出发点及其价值,提出对本论文研究的创新性。肖剑从存在主义视角分析了《无名的裘德》中苏.爱得娜从独立到沉沦，放弃成为真正的自己，她的人生悲剧不是个人原因，而是生存环境的原因，从而完成了文学的社会批判功能。朱虹从达尔文的适者生存法则的角度，分析当时的时代背景，从而得出结论：裘德是因为不适应当时社会从而走向衰落。胡凡从自然角度分析《无名的裘德》反映穷人生活与理想的奋斗和对自然精神的渴求，小说的创作目的是为了揭示此种冲突，批判当时社会的虚伪和冷酷，希望人们能重新审视自然，从而达到改造社会的目的。
注：1.此表前五项由学生填写后交指导教师签署意见，否则不得开题；此表作为毕业论文（设计）评分的依据。
2.学生填写部分可以用电脑输入，教师填写部分必须手填。本表要求双面打印。
本科毕业论文开题报告
（人文社科类适用）
论文（设计）题目
从达尔文主义浅析《无名的裘德》中的向善思想
学生姓名
专业
英语
指导教师
选题目的和意义：
《无名的裘德》是哈代小说中最受争议的一部作品，哈代的悲观主义命运观是与他的哲学理念息息相关的，而这一理念又源于19世纪中期的达尔文主义。然而这部小说的悲观主义色彩并不是哈代真正的意图所在，本研究的真实意图是要通过作品中人物的悲观主义来映衬出哈代对社会改良的希望,以及对积极乐观向善的渴求,即进化向善论。
通过从达尔文主义浅析《无名的裘德》中的向善精神，本研究不仅对当时的社会改良有着积极的作用，更促进当今社会的人们形成积极乐观的心态，对人们的身心健康发展具有良好的教育意义和积极的引导作用。
与本课题相关的研究文献和理论观点综述：
对于《无名的裘德》这部小说的研究，国内外有许多专家学者从不同的角度纷纷对这部小说进行深入细致的挖掘和探讨。
完成论文的条件、方法及措施：
研究本课题过程中的难点在于如何将达尔文主义、积极向善论与主人公生活的背景和环境相结合，进入深入的探讨。想要解决这个问题，在对环境背景、人物性格和情节的研究基础上，更需要对理论知识有深刻的了解，具体方法如下：
1.引证法
2.文献综述法
3.整理法
指导教师意见及建议：
签字：
年月日
第一部分：主要呈现哈代创作与达尔文主 Nhomakorabea的关联。
第二部分：借助达尔文主义的观点来分析小说中由裘德悲剧映射出的生存问题，即通过主人公裘德同他人之间在教育、信仰、事业和家庭的冲突来揭示主人公面临的生存问题。
第三部分：从裘德悲剧人生所展示的生存问题中，让读者了解哈代并非仅仅展示裘德生存的残酷事实，而是从进化论角度进一步揭示哈代的社会向善论思想。