第三章 非谓语动词相同句法功能的比较

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英语教学中的几点体会

一.非谓语动词相同句法功能的比较

三种非谓语动词在充当句中各种成份时,均有相同的句法功能。我就非谓语动词在相同句法功能的情况下的用法上的异同谈谈我的教学体会。

(一)作主语用的非谓语动词比较

能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。

1、一般说来,不定式表示具体的某一动作,动名词表一般的状况。如:

1.To read this English book is very interesting. (读这本

..英语书十分有趣。)

2.To solve this problem is out of the question. (解决这个

..问题可办不到。)

3.To see this film is to waste time. (看这部

..电影等于浪费时间。)

4.To accept such terms is to give up our stand. (接受这些

..条件就等于放弃我们的立场。)

5.Reading good books makes him happy. (读有益的书使他高兴。)

6.Swimming is an interesting sport. (游泳是一种有趣的运动。)

7.Moving an object doesn’t always mean doing work. (移动一个物体并不总是意味着做功。)

从以上例句我们可以看出:动词不定式作主语所表达的意思决非一般地“读读英语书”,“解决一下问

题”,“看看电影”,“接受一下条件”,而是具体到“读这本

..电影”,“接

..问题”,“看这部

..英语书”,“解决这个

受这些

..条件”上。

2、在There + be + no ( + n) 和It + be + no + use ( good, help …) 之后,通常用动名词作主语,而不是不定式。如:

1.There is no denying this. (这个无可否认。)

2.There is no telling what will happen. (未来的事不可预料。)

3.There is no getting along with him. (跟他是无法相处的。)

4.There is no need informing him of it. (没有必要把此事告诉他。)

5.It is no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水难收。)

6.It is no good talking of his domestic matters. (不要谈论他的家事。)

注意:

(1)在疑问句中,多用动名词的复合结构作主语,而不是不定式的复合结构作主语。如:

Does our saying that mean anything to him? (正)

Does for us to say that mean anything to him? (误)

(2)有时不定式表尚未完成的动作,动名词表动作已经完成。试比较:

A. It is unnecessary to put another lock on the door.(不必在门上再加装一把锁。)

B. It is unnecessary putting another lock on the door.(门上加装了一把锁,这是不必要的。)

(3)不定式作主语通常需以it为形式主语,将作真正主语的不定式放到句子后面,而动名词作主语则通常直接放到句首。如:

1.A. Throwing rice and confetti at the married couple is a custom in England.(正)

B. To throw rice and confetti at the married couple is a custom in England.(误)

向新郎新娘撒米和撒五彩杂纸是英国的习俗。

2.A. Driving to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic.(正)

B. To drive to the office was very slow this morning, because of the traffic.(误)

因为交通拥挤今早开车上班非常慢。

3.A. To drive a car safely, it is essential to have good brakes.(正)

B. To drive a car safely, it is essential having good brake.(误)

汽车要安全行驶,最根本的是刹车要好。

(二)作表语用的非谓语动词比较

非谓语动词都可以作be动词的表语。

1、不定式,动名词作表语,表示主语是什么。如:

1.Her job now is to take care of the children. (她现在

..孩子。)

..的工作是照料这些

2.Our task at present is to teach the second year students grammer.

(我们现在

......语法。)

..的任务是教二年级学生的

3.His purpose is to learn 3000 English words in this term. (他的目的是在本期

...单词。)

...学会3000

....个英语

4.Our aim is studying well in the shortest time. (我们的目的是尽快搞好学习。)

5.Your bad habit is reading without thorough understanding. (你的坏习惯是读书不求甚解。)

6.Her job is taking care of children. (她的工作是照料孩子。)

动词不定式作表语与作主语一样表具体的行为动作,动名词作表语也与作主语一样表一般的、泛指的、

抽象的概念。以上1~3句中,不定式分别表示“现在”、“目前”、“本学期”的具体任务:“照看这些

..孩子”、

“教二年级学生的

...单词”。而4~6句中则泛指“尽快搞好学习”、“读书不求甚解”、......语法”、“学会3000

....个英语

“照料孩子”等此类事情。

但若表一般泛指的概念,不定式和动名词作表语也可互换使用。如:

Our purpose is training (or to train) the students to read books in English. (我们的目的是培养学生用英语读书。)

但在表具体的行为和动作时,一般不能用动名词替换不定式作表语。如:

Her job now is to take care of the children.

2,分词作表语、表示主语所具有的特征,状态:

1.The day is so charming. (天气真好。)

2.His report is quite convincing. (他的报告很有说服力。)

3.The story is very interesting. (这个故事十分有趣。)

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