CATTI指定教材_英语口译实务2级 1
英语笔译综合能力教材二级
英语笔译综合能力教材二级英语笔译综合能力教材二级Title: English Translation Comprehensive Ability Textbook Level 2Introduction:The English Translation Comprehensive Ability Textbook Level 2 is designed to further enhance students' translation skills and provide them with practical exercises to apply their knowledge in real-life scenarios. This textbook is suitable for intermediate learners who already have a basic understanding of English translation principles and are looking to improve their skills in a variety of translation settings.Key Features:1. Progressive Approach: The textbook follows a progressive approach, starting with simpler translation exercises and gradually increasing in complexity. This allows students to build upon their foundational knowledge and gradually improve their translation abilities.2. Real-Life Scenarios: The exercises in this textbook are centered around real-life scenarios, such as translating business documents, news articles, and academic papers. By working with these materials, students can develop the skills needed to handle a wide range of translation assignments.3. Vocabulary Expansion: The textbook includes exercises specifically aimed at expanding students' vocabulary relevant totranslation. This helps students acquire a broader range of vocabulary related to specific subject areas, resulting in more accurate and contextually appropriate translations.4. Cultural Awareness: Recognizing the importance of cultural nuances in translation, this textbook includes exercises that encourage students to consider cultural differences when translating texts. This promotes a deeper understanding of cultural context and helps students produce translations that are culturally sensitive.5. Authentic Texts: The textbook utilizes authentic texts from a variety of sources, including newspapers, websites, and corporate documents. By working with authentic materials, students can practice translating real-world texts, giving them a more realistic understanding of translation challenges.6. Revision Exercises: Regular revision exercises are provided throughout the textbook to reinforce previously learned concepts and ensure students retain their knowledge. These exercises test students' ability to apply translation principles and reinforce important techniques.7. Answer Key: The textbook includes a comprehensive answer key, allowing students to self-assess their work and verify their translations. This promotes independent learning and self-correction, essential skills for professional translators.The English Translation Comprehensive Ability Textbook Level 2 is an invaluable resource for students looking to improve theirtranslation skills and become more confident in handling a wide range of translation tasks. With its practical exercises and focus on real-world scenarios, this textbook prepares students to excel in their future translation careers.。
catti二级笔译备考
catti二级笔译备考如何备考二级CATTI口笔译的?二级笔译备考参考书籍《大学英语语法讲座与测试》第四版，徐广联，华东理工大学出版社《新东方专八词汇正序版》《剑桥雅思真题》(阅读部分)《英语笔译模拟题2级》，新世界出版社(CATTI官方指定教材)考试题型解读二级笔译和三级笔译是一样的，都是分笔译综合能力和笔译实务两科，相较于三笔来说，二笔的综合能力难度会更大，笔译实务的篇幅更长。
综合能力：二笔的综合能力题型分为词汇语法、阅读理解和完形填空三部分，考试时间两个小时，个人感觉对考生来说最难的一部分就是词汇语法了，这一部分主要包括选词填空、同义词替换和语法改错。
其中MTI考试大纲要求考生的词汇量应达到8000-12000，CATTI二笔的词汇量个人认为也不应少于10000，所以考生要不断夯实词汇基础，增大词汇量。
我本人用的是新东方的专八书积累词汇同时用《英语笔译综合能力真题解析2级》和《英语笔译模拟题2级》大量练习考试题型;阅读理解部分使用的是一些MTI考研院校的真题和雅思真题练习;至于语法改错和后面的完形填空考查的是考生的语法功底，我本人倾向于看徐广联老师的《大学英语语法测试与讲座》。
笔译实务：二笔实务的分为英译汉和汉译英两部分，这和三笔是一样的，最大的不同之处在于题量，三笔的实务英译汉和汉译英各一篇，而二笔的题量更大，英译汉2篇、汉译英2篇，一共四篇文章。
在这里，我分享一个观点：曾经有一位一笔老师来我们学校讲座时说过这么一个观点，我们做的英译汉的译文最好的就是把我们的译文拿给另一个人看，如果我们的读者能无压力地看懂的话，说明我们的译文才是合格的。
我认为这位老师的观点我很认同。
结合一下我的实际情况补充一个观点：就是我们在遇到专业性较强的文章时，我们翻译出来的译文要给专业的人给我们当读者。
我平常在英译汉练习时碰到一些专业性较强的英文文章，比如我曾经翻译过的一期《经济学人》里提及过经济学的概念，“二八定律”(80/20rule)，文章后面写到了“80%的收入都来自销售额居前5位的产品”，如果译者对“二八定律”内涵很熟悉的话会马上想到这个经济学名词，否则我们的译文就会花样百出，十分精彩。
catti二级口译实务考试试题及答案解析
模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题！catti 二级口译实务考试试题及答案解析一、English-Chinese Translation （本大题2小题．每题25.0分，共50.0分。
Translate the following passage （s ） into Chinese ）第1题【正确答案】：答案:当前在中国，艾滋病毒和艾滋病被视为正在上升的一大威胁。
据中国官方估计，中国已有约84万人感染了艾滋病毒。
但截止2003年底，仅有62159人经检查确诊为艾滋病毒阳性，其余780000或更多的艾滋病毒阳性人员的情况并不为公共卫生部门所知，当事人自己对此或许也不清楚，这就构成了艾滋病毒进一步传播的重大危险。
中国资深官员和在华国际专家都认为，艾滋病毒在中国正从一些特定群体，如注射吸毒人员和卖淫人员，向普通人群扩散。
不过，中国在观念、政策和资源投入方面已取得了重要的进步。
新就任的领导人对改善社会福利，特别是处理艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题加大了投入。
中国对艾滋病问题做出了更加积极的反应，包括了实行全国性的救治计划。
新的方针鼓励“四免一关怀”，即对贫困患者药品免费，检查和治疗免费，防止母婴传染治疗免费，艾滋病孤儿上学免费，以及关怀感染艾滋病毒和艾滋病的家庭等。
中国的高级领导人还承诺执行减轻危害的政策，比如鼓励吸毒者使用安全套，针具以旧换新，以及进行美莎酮替代疗法等。
严峻的挑战还在前面，尽管中国已取得很多积极进展，但要战胜艾滋病，在政治、技术和标准方面还面临着十分艰巨的挑战。
就规划、成本、后勤、人力资源、技术能力以及艾滋病羞耻所引起的普遍问题来看，其规模之大，问题之严重，无论如何强调都不过分。
这里仅举几例：脆弱和不完整的全国性艾滋病毒检查和监测系统，破败而难以发挥作用的公共卫生系统，特别在农村地区，以及在为艾滋病毒和艾滋病感染者提供正常的诊断、咨询、救治、监测和照顾方面严重缺少合格工作人员，必要的设备和技术。
二级笔译翻译参考书
1、百度经验你好，我于今年5月份通过了CATTI二级笔译，我觉得综合能力基本上不是很难，而实务是重中之重。
既然你还没有通过专八，建议你综合能力看一本词汇——《英语备考词汇全攻略2级》，一本语法——《薄冰高级英语语法》。
实务只要看中国石化出版社全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试命题研究组编《笔译实务测试高分突破2级》足矣，这本书比官方指定教材要新一些，错误也要少一些。
自己尝试实务的时候感觉时间很紧，实务考试的时候大概要达到怎样的翻译速度比较好呢？我个人认为，如果你能够在考试时尽可能减少翻词典的次数，再加上平时训练手写的速度，应该能够解决这个问题。
而第一点是需要充分扩大词汇量，即把《英语备考词汇全攻略2级》里面上万个词汇记得很熟练才能做到的。
根据考试大纲，英译汉速度要达到每小时500-600个单词，汉译英速度要达到每小时300-400个汉字。
我想这就是实务考试时大概要达到的翻译速度。
2、个人经验CATTI二级笔译考试主要考察个人双语基础能力，所以只要基础扎实、尽量不犯小错、语言得体流畅，考生们应该是可以通过的，下面说说个人的一些经验：1. 语言基础首先不能将二笔考试和四六级或专业四八级考试相比较。
翻译考试不同于一般的应试考试，翻译考试考查的是平时的积累和语言基础，我认为就CATTI笔译的两门考试科目《综合能力》和《实务》来说，语言基础大体要求如下：难度水平：三笔：综合接近专四或六级；实务难度接近专八翻译；二笔：综合接近专八及GRE；实务难度难于专八，而且篇幅，时间要求远高于专八翻译题。
词汇要求：三笔：扎实掌握5000以上词汇二笔：扎实掌握8000以上词汇（注意：是扎实掌握，而且是以上）知识面：对各中常见领域的基础知识和专业词汇需要有一定的了解。
知识面对于做翻译非常重要，一方面是要积累英语文化知识，多看看英美概况的书籍，多读跨文化交际的文章，对文学、语言学都要有浅显了解；另一方面还要扩充专业知识，多看看各门类的基础书籍（如经济，同学们最起码就应该知道什么叫无形的手）。
英语口译(二级)课件
英语口译（二级）精讲班第1讲讲义001 二级口译实务考试介绍Lecture 11、二级口译实务考试介绍英语口译二级考试分《口译综合能力》和《口译实务》测试两部分，旨在检测应试者的口译实践能力是否达到专业译员水平。
合格的应试者应能熟练运用口译技巧，完整准确地译出原话内容，无错译漏译。
英语口译实务（二级）考试含“英汉交替传译”和“汉英交替传译”。
题量各占50%，含总量约1000单词的英语讲话两篇和总量约1000汉字的汉语讲话两篇，时间约60分钟。
考试内容涉及政治、经济、文化、外交、旅游、信息科技、经融贸易、环境保护、卫生健康等，跟翻译专业所要求掌握的知识和技能相一致，要求应试者知识结构分布合理，专业技能达到一定的水平。
英语口译实务考试一律采取现场录音的方式，考试结果记录在磁带上。
考试的评分标准非常细化，一个考生的磁带要有两个以上的人去听，并且听出来的结果基本一致，最后再由专家组根据考生录音核定成绩。
应该说英语口译实务（二级）考试具有一定的挑战性，要求应试者过语言关、知识关和技术关，同时还要有稳定的心理因素。
按照翻译专业人员的四个等级来划分，即：助理翻译、翻译、副译审和译审，二级就是翻译级，也就是我们所说的中级职称。
因此，二级口译试题的定位基本上是针对大学外语专业比较优秀的毕业生，经过几年的翻译实践应能达到的水平。
二级口译考试模块的设计也是基于这一理念，即要求应试者具备比较全面的知识结构和良好的双语互译能力。
具体说来，应试者应具备良好的语言知识（Linguistic Knowledge）、语言外的知识（Extra-Linguistic Knowledge）以及分析能力（Analysis）。
同时应试者还应具备敏锐的听力、良好的短时记忆、行之有效的笔记、以及准确灵活的双语表达等口译所必须的基本能力。
2、口译学习讲解技巧和语言基本功相结合。
课程讲解同时关注这两点。
3、口译技巧介绍口译技巧( Interpretation Techniques) 根据口译步骤（信息接收—信息储存—信息处理—信息输出）为基础，总结出以下技巧：(2)思维理解1—逻辑分析；(3)思维理解2—信息视觉；(4)思维理解3 —将认知信息纳入理解轨道(5)记忆机制1—瞬时记忆、短时记忆、长时记忆；(6)记忆机制2－记忆训练方法；(7)笔记方法1—记什么?(8)笔记方法2—怎么记?(9)数字口译1—单纯数字口译(10)数字口译2—数字与信息相结合(11)习语的口译；(12)模糊信息处理技巧；(13) 口译中的文化差异；(14) 口译中的句法转换；(15) 语境因素处理技巧；(16) 临场应变技巧。
全国翻译专业二级口译证书(Catti2)备考指南
全国翻译专业二级口译证书（Catti2）备考指南翻译口译专业的学生，最绕不开的考试当属全国翻译专业资格证书（catti）和上海高级口译证书。
2019年，我分别于5月和11月通过了二口和二笔考试，在此分享一下常见备考问题和个人快速备考的经验。
我是翻译专业出身，17年在英国读口译研究生。
回国后的主业虽然和英语相关，但口译实践较少，所以备考以熟悉题型、找到口译临场的状态为主。
本文也比较适合MTI在读生或从事英语相关工作，有一定翻译口译基础的知友们参考。
成绩单如下：一、常见问题1、catti系列考试有啥用？catti考试不仅包括英语，还包括日、韩、法、德等小语种。
catti口、笔译资格证是官方唯一认定的翻译职业资格考试，相比上海高口证书在长三角地区的接受度，这个考试在全国范围内的接受程度更高，也是对考生翻译能力的检验。
在很多翻译类职位的招聘要求中，拥有catti二口及以上的资格证书也是一条硬门槛。
另外，根据人事部相关规定，二级口、笔译证书可以评定企事业单位的中级职称。
2.非英语专业可以报考吗？catti三级和二级报考不限专业，但从19年开始，官网报名需要进行教育部学历认证（学信网），审核时间在24h以内。
我个人不是很清楚其他学历或社会报考的条件。
参加catti一级口笔译考试，需要先获得同类考试的二级证书。
3、通过catti考试是否等于职业译员？catti考试中的实务部分尽可能还原了交替传译的现场，但与实际工作还是有很大差别。
获得catti二级证书只是拿到了一块敲门砖，考生还需要在实践中总结经验，积累人脉，才能成为真正的职业翻译。
4、考试时间和形式？每年两次考试，分别在6月和11月，一般提前2个月左右在官网报名，基本全国的直辖市和省会城市均有考点。
考试前一周打印准考证。
相关信息可以关注微博@ CATTI考试资料与资讯2020年受疫情影响，上半年6月的考试已确定顺延。
从2018年开始，全国范围内的catti考试改革为机考。
英语口译实务二级
英语口译实务二级第一篇：英语口译实务二级Thank you, Lord Hurd , for those kind words.It is an honor and pleasure to be here.When l left Brussels yesterday, it was 12 degrees Celsius and hailing.赫德勋爵，感谢您的美言。
Here, it was 25 degrees and sunny.我很荣幸也很高兴来到这里。
昨天我离开布鲁塞尔时，那里还下着冰雹，气温只有12撮氏度，而这里则阳光明媚，气温高迭25撮氏度。
Speaking of climate change, I don't understand why you British are always complaining about the weather.说到这样的气候差异，我不明白为什么你们英国人还总是抱怨天气不好。
I confess I am a little intimidated, Lord Hurd, at being moderated by a veteran statesman of your distinction.赫德勋爵，说实话，您这样一位声名显赫的资深政治家为我做引见令我有些诚惶诚恐。
When I first accepted the gracious invitation to address this Institute, I was especially excited about the prospect of speaking under the Chatham House Rule.最初接受来贵所演讲的盛情邀请时，一想到将有机会按照英国皇家国际事务研究院规则演讲，我就特剐兴奋。
I understand the rule means the audience is free to use the information received at the meeting, but may not reveal the identity of the speaker, nor his affiliation.我知道，按照这一规则，听众可以自由引用会上所获信息，但不得披露演讲者身份及其所属组织。
CATTI201111二级笔译实务汉译英第1篇原文+答案
原文中国是最大的发展中国家。
多年来，中国在致力于自身发展的同时，始终坚持向经济困难的其他发展中国家提供力所能及的援助，承担相应国际义务。
中国仍量力而行，尽力开展对外援助，帮助受援国增强自主发展能力，丰富和改善人民生活，促进经济发展和社会进步。
中国的对外援助，发展巩固了与广大发展中国家的友好关系和经贸合作，推动了南南合作，为人类社会共同发展作出了积极贡献。
中国对外援助坚持平等互利，注重实效，与时俱进，不附带任何政治条件，形成了具有自身特色的模式。
中国的对外援助政策具有鲜明的时代特征，符合自身国情和受援国发展需要。
中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口多、底子薄、经济发展不平衡。
发展仍然是中国长期面临的艰巨任务，这决定了中国的对外援助属于南南合作范畴，是发展中国家间的相互帮助。
中国对外援助政策坚持平等互利、共同发展、坚持与时俱进。
当前，全球发展环境依然十分严峻。
国际金融危机影响尚未消退，气候变化、粮食危机、能源资源安全、流行性疾病等全球性问题给发展中国家带来新的挑战，新形势下，中国对外援助事业任重道远。
中国政府将着力优化对外援助结构，提高对外援助质量，进一步增强受援国自主发展能力，提高援助的针对性和实效性。
中国作为国际社会的重要成员，将一如既往地推进南南合作，在经济不断发展的基础上逐步加大对外援助投入，与世界各国一道，推动实现联合国千年发展目标，为建设持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界而不懈努力。
参考译文一/thread-3069169-1-1.htmlChina is a developing country. Over the years, while focusing on its own development, China has been providing aid to the best of its ability to other developing countries with economic difficulties, and fulfilling its due international obligations.China remains a developing country with a low per-capita income and a large poverty-stricken population. In spite of this, China has been doing its best to provide foreign aid, to help recipient countries to strengthen their self-development capacity, enrich and improve their peoples’ livelihood, and p romote their economic growth and social progress. Through foreign aid, China has consolidated friendly relations and economic and trade cooperation with other developing countries, promoted South-South cooperation and contributed to the common development of mankind.Adhering to equality and mutual benefit, stressing substantial results, and keeping pace with the times without imposing any political conditions on recipient countries, China’s foreign aid has emerged as a model with its own characteristics.C hina’s foreign aid policy adheres to equality, mutual benefit and common development, and keeps pace with the times.China’s foreign aid policy has distinct characteristics of the times. It is suited both to China’s actual conditions and the needs of the recipient countries. China has been constantly enriching, improving and developing the Eight Principles for Economic Aid and Technical Assistance to Other Countries —the guiding principles of China’s foreign aid put forward in the 1960s. China is the world’s largest developing country, with a large population, a poor foundation and uneven economic development. As development remains an arduous and long-standing task, China’s foreign aid falls into the category of South-South cooperation and is mutual help between developing countries.Currently, the environment for global development is not favor-able. With the repercussions of the international financial crisis continuing to linger, global concerns such as climate change, food crisis, energy and resource security, and epidemic of diseases have brought new challenges to developing countries.Against this background, China has a long way to go in providing foreign aid. The Chinese government will make efforts to optimize the country’s foreign aid structure, i mprove the quality of foreign aid, further increase recipient countries’ capacity in independent development, and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of foreign aid. As an important member of the international community, China will continue to promote South-South cooperation, as italways has done, gradually increase its foreign aid input on the basis of the continuous development of its economy, promote the realization of the UN Millennium Development Goals, and make unremitting efforts to build, together with other countries, a prosperous and harmonious world with lasting peace.参考译文二Helen翻译China is the largest developing country. For many years, while China is committed to its own development, all the time it has been persisting in its effort to provide as much aid as it can, meanwhile undertaking corresponding international obligations.According to its own abilities, China also has tried to carry out foreign aid program to help strengthen the independent development ability of recipient countries, to enrich and improve their peoples’ lives, and to promote economic development and social advances in these countries. China’s foreign assistance has developed and consolidated the friendly relationship and economy & trade cooperation with a wide range of developing countries, and prompted the South-South cooperation, which makes active contributes to common development of the whole human society.China’s foreign aid abides by equality and mutual benefits, meanwhile stressing actual effect, progressing with time, and without any political conditions, thus forms a pattern with its own characteristics. China’s foreign aid possesses obvious features of times, conforming to China’s own conditions as well as the needs of countries aided. China is the largest developing country, with a huge population, weak economic foundation, and unbalanced economic development in different regions. Development is still the arduous task facing China in the long run, which determines that the South-South nature of its foreign aid, a kind of help among developing countries.The policy of China’s foreign aid sticks to equality and mutual benefits, mutual development, persisting in progressing with time.Currently, the environment of global development is still very severe, with such global problems as unabated impact of international financial crisis, climate change, food crisis, energy source safety and epidemic diseases posing new challenges to developing countries. Under new circumstances, the course of China’s foreign aid has a far distance to go. Chinese government will focus on optimizing the structure of its foreign assistance, improving its quality, strengthening the independent development of recipient countries, and enhancing the pertinence and efficiency. As an important member within international community, China will promote South-South cooperation, and gradually enlarge foreign-aid input based on its continually economic development. China will also, together with other countries, promote the actualization of UN millenary development target, and make unswerving effort for the construction of a harmonious world with lasting peace and mutual prosperity.。
英语笔译实务二级教材第一单元
英语笔试二级指定教材第一单元英译汉Benjamin Franklin-”the first American”How does one characterize Benjamin Franklin?characterize英/ˈkærəktəraɪz/ vt. 描绘…的特性；具有…的特征vi. 塑造人物我们如何来描述富兰克林呢？Journalist,scientist,educator,politician,writer,administrator,philosopher-he truly seemed to be able to do almost everything.1.journalist英/ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/ n. 新闻工作者；报人；记日志者2.politician英/ˌpɒləˈtɪʃn/ n. 政治家，政客3.administrator英/ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtə(r)/ n. 管理人；行政官4.philosopher英/fəˈlɒsəfə(r)/ n. 哲学家；哲人记者、科学家、教育家、政治家、作家、管理者、哲学家-他似乎真的无所不能。
His accomplishments and the talents and interests which he displayed during the course of his long life-1706 to 1790-have caused him to called both“the first American”and “the last universal man”.1.accomplishment英/əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt/ n. 成就；完成；技艺，技能2.universal英/ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl/ adj. 普遍的；通用的；宇宙的；全世界的；全体的n. 一般概念；普通性在他漫长的生命历程中（1706-1790），他取得的成就和展现出的非凡才能和广泛兴趣，使他赢得了“美国第一人”和“最后一个通人”的称号。
CATTI二级笔译实务最全
2003年12月英语二级笔译实务试题Section 1: English – Chinese Translation (英译汉)Part ANowhere to GoFor the latest on the pursuit of the American Dream in Silicon Valley, all you have to do is to talk to someone like “Nagaraj” (who didn’t want to reveal his real name). He’s an Indian immigrant who, like many other Indian engineers, came to America recently on an H-1B visa, which allows skilled workers to be employed by one company for as many as six years. But one morning last month, Nagaraj and a half dozen other Indian workers with H-1Bs were called into a conference room in their San Francisco technology-consulting firm and told they were being laid off. The reason: weakening economic conditions in Silicon Valley, “It was the shock of my lifetime,” says Nagaraj.This is not a normal bear-market sob story. According to federal regulation, Nagaraj and his colleagues have two choices. They must either return to India, or find another job in a tight labor market and hope that the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) allow them to transfer their visa to the new company. And the law doesn’t allow them to earn a pay-check until all the paperwork winds its way through the INS bureaucracy. “How am I going to survive without any job and without any income?” Nagaraj wonders.Until recently, H-1B visas were championed by Silicon Valley companies as the solution to the region’s shortage of programmers and engineers. First issued by the INS in 1992, they attract skilled workers from other countries, many of whom bring families with them, lay down roots and apply for the more permanent green cards. Through February 2000, more than 81,000 worker held such visas —but with the dot-com crash, many have been getting laid off. That’s causing mass consternation in U.S. immigrant communities. The INS considers a worker “out of status” when he loses a job, which technically means that he must pack up and go home. But because of the scope of this year’s layoffs, the U.S. government has recently backpedaled, issuing a confusing series of statements that suggest workers might be able to stay if they qualify for some exceptions and can find a new company to sponsor their visa. But even those loopholes remain nebulous. The result is thousands of immigrants now face dimming career prospects in America, and the possibilities that they will be sent home. “They are in limbo. It is the greatest form of torture,” says Amar Veda of the Silicon Valley-based Immigrants Support Network.The crisis looks especially bad in light of all the heated visa rhetoric by Silicon Valley companies in the past few years. Last fall the industry won a big victory by getting Congress to approve an increase in the annual number of H-1B visas. Now, with technology firms retrenching, demand for such workers is slowing. Valley heavyweights like Intel, Cisco and Hewlett-Packard have all announced thousands of layoffs this year, which include many H-1B workers. The INS reported last month that only 16,000 new H-1B workers came to the United States in February —down from 32,000 in February of last year.Last month, acknowledging the scope of the problem, the INS told H-1B holders “not to panic,” and that there would be a grace period for laid-off workers before they had to leave the United States. INS spokeswomen Eyleen Schmidt promises that more specific guidance will come this month. “We are aware of the cutbacks,” she says. “We’re trying to be as generous as we can be within the confines of the existing law.”Part BTopic 1 (选题一)What Is the Force of Gravity?If you throw a ball up, it will come down again. What makes it come down? The ball comes down because it is pulled or attracted towards the Earth. The Earth exerts a force of attraction on all objects. Objects that are nearer to the Earth are attracted to it with a greater force than those that are further away. This force of attraction is known as the force of gravity. The gravitational force acting on an object at the Earth’s surface is called the weight of the object.All the heavenly bodies in space like the moon, the planets and the stars also exert an attractive force on objects.The bigger and heavier a body is, the greater is its force of gravity. Thus, since the moon is a smaller body than Earth, the force it exerts on an object at its surface is less than that exerted by the Earth on the same object on the Earth’s surface. In fact, the moon’s gravitational force is only one-sixth that of the Earth. This means that an object weighing 120 kilograms on Earth will only weigh 20 kilograms on the moon. Therefore on the moon you could lift weights which are six times heavier than the heaviest weight that you can lift on Earth.The Earth’s gravitational force or pull keeps us and everything else on Earth from floating away to space. To get out into space and travel to the moon or other planets we have to overcome the Earth’s gravitational pull.Entry into SpaceHow can we overcome the Earth’s gravitational pull? Scientists have been working on this for a long time. It is only recently that they have been able to build machines powerful enough to get out of the Earth’s gravitational pull. Such machines are called space rockets. Their great speed and power help them to escape from the Earth’s gravitational pull and go into space.RocketsThe powerful space rocket works along the same lines as a simple firework rocket. The firework rocket has a cylindrical body and a conical head. The body is packed with gunpowder which is the fuel. It is a mixture of chemicals that will burn rapidly to form hot gases.At the base or foot of the rocket there is an opening or nozzle. A fuse hangs out like a tail from the nozzle. A long stick attached along the body serves to direct the rocket before the fuse is lighted.When the gunpowder burns, hot gases rush out of the nozzle. The hot gases continue to rush out as long as the gunpowder burns. When these gases shoot downwards through the nozzle the rocket is pushed upwards. This is called jet propulsion. The simple experiment, shown in the picture, will help you to understand jet propulsion.Topic 2 （选题二）Basketball DiplomacyCHINA”S TALLEST SOLDIER never really expected to live the American Dream. But Wang Zhizhi, a 7-foot-1 basketball star from the People’s Liberation Army, is making history as the first Chinese player in the NBA. In his first three weeks in America the 23-year-old rookie has already cashed his first big NBA check, preside over “Wang Zhizhi Day” in San Francisco and become immortalized on his very own trading cards. He’s even played in five games with his new team, the Dallas Mavericks, scoring 24 points in just 38 minutes. Now the affable Lieutenant Wang is joining the Mavericks on their ride into the NBA playoffs —and he is intent on enjoying every minute. One recent evening Wang slipped into the hot tub behind the house of Mavericks assistant coach Donn Nelson. He leaned back, stretched out and pointed at a plane moving across the star-filled sky. In broken English, he started singing his favorite tune: “I believe I can fly. I believe I can touch the sky.”Back in China, the nation’s other basketball phenom, Yao Ming , can only dream of taking flight. Yao thought he was going to be the first Chinese player in the NBA. The 7-foot-5 Shanghai sensation is more highly touted than Wang: the 20-year-old could be the No.1 overall pick in the June NBA draft. But as the May 13 deadline to enter the draft draws near, Yao is still waiting for a horde of business people and apparatchiks to decide his fate. Last week, as Wang scored 13 points in the Dallas season finale, Yao was wading through a stream of bicycles on a dusty Beijing street.Yao and Wang are more than just freaks of nature in basketball shorts. The twin towers are national treasures, symbols of China’s growing stature in the world. They’re also emblematic of the NBA’s outsize dreams for conquering China. The NBA, struggling at home, sees salvation in the land of 1.3 billion potential hoop fans. China, determined to win the 2008 Olympics and join the World Trade Organization, is eager to make its mark on the world —on its own terms. The two-year struggle to get these young players into the NBA has been a cultural collision —this one far removed from U.S.-China bickering over spy planes and trade liberalization. If it works out, it could be —in basketball parlance —the ultimate give-and-go. “This is just like Ping-Pong diplomacy,”says Xia Song, a sport-marketingexecutive who represents Wang. “Only with a much bigger ball.”Two years ago it looked more like a ball and chain. Wang’s Army bosses were miffed when the Mavericks had the nerve to draft their star back in 1999. Nelson remembers flying to Beijing with the then owner Ross Perot Jr. —son of the eccentric billionaire —to hammer out a deal with the stone-faced communists of the PLA. “You could hear them thinking: ‘What is this NBA team doing, trying to lay claim to our property?’” Nelson recalls. “We tried to explain that this was an honor for Wang and for China.” There was no deal. Wang grew despondent and lost his edge on court.This year Yao became the anointed one. He eclipsed Wang in scoring and rebounding, and even stole away his coveted MVP award in the Chinese Basketball Association league. It looked as if his Shanghai team —a dynamic semicapitalist club in China’s most open city —would get its star to the NBA first.Then came the March madness. Wang broke out of his slump to lead the Army team to its sixth consecutive CBA title —scoring 40 in the final game. A day later the PLA scored some points of its own by announcing that Wang was free to go West. What inspired the change of heart? No doubt the Mavericks worked to build trust with Chinese officials (even inviting national- team coach Wang Fei to spend the 1999-2000 season in Dallas). There was also the small matter of Chinese pride. The national team stumbled to a 10th-place finish at the 2000 Olympics, after placing eighth in 1996. Even the most intransigent cadre could see that the team would improve only if it sent its stars overseas to learn from the world’s best players.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation （汉译英）Part A Compulsory Translation（必译题）（20 points）中华民族历来尊重人的尊严和价值。
全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试指定教材教辅
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catti二级口译实务考试试题(一)
catti二级口译实务考试试题(一)一、English-Chinese Translation （本大题2小题．每题25.0分，共50.0分。
Translate the following passage（s） into Chinese ）第1题【正确答案】：今天，我想谈一谈在贫穷国家发展机遇这个背景下减轻债务问题。
我要谈的关键问题是我们要重新看待债务减轻的目的，要从消除债务到消除贫穷。
我认为减轻债务是消除贫困的强大武器，但它必须是更广泛的发展策略的组成部分。
我们必须在关注外部可持续性发展的同时注意内部可持续性发展。
一些国家的国内债务问题仍然很严重，一些非洲国家的债务甚至超过了国内收入的10%。
这使我们再度关注政府预算。
我们不应该仅从外部可持续性发展的角度，还应该从贯彻《国际发展战略》所需要的开支这个角度考虑工作。
也就是说，我们需要研究各国的国内扶贫政策，以及国内需求和条件限制。
现在是我们转变思路的时候了，我们的任务十分紧迫。
世界上有四分之一的人还生活在赤贫中，沙漠在扩大，森林在缩小，海洋正被过度捕捞。
随着世界自然资源面临的压力越来越大，由此更可能导致激烈的冲突和灾害，因此，帮助全球的贫穷者摆脱贫困，不仅仅是我们的道义责任，也是我们的利益所在。
不建立一个更公正的世界，我们的子孙后代就没有安全的未来。
因此，我们倡议调整目标，从免除债务到消除贫困。
从现在开始，债务减轻必须与国际发展战略联系起来。
欠债本身并无好坏。
为了高质量的投资而借债显然是有益的且可以理解的。
但是，国家应该寻求可持续发展，谨慎借债，投资优先项目。
这需要有明确的债务管理战略。
为了取得真正的进展，各国政府和人民必须制定出明确的方案，以应对目前复杂的挑战。
很明显，关键是政府预算中的优先项目。
首先要知道实现消除贫困目标需要多大开支，然后决定怎样通过削减债务来达到这一目的。
切记，消除债务只是手段而非目的。
消除债务对有关国家有几大好处。
首先，政府不必使用自己的资源资助发展。
catti二级英语口译大纲词汇
catti二级英语口译大纲词汇一、政治类。
1. diplomacy [dɪˈpləʊməsi] - n. 外交；外交手腕；交际手段。
- 例句：China's diplomacy has played an important role in international affairs.（中国的外交在国际事务中发挥了重要作用。
）2. negotiation [nɪˌɡəʊʃiˈeɪʃn] - n. 谈判；协商；转让。
- 例句：The negotiation between the two countries lasted for several months.（两国之间的谈判持续了几个月。
）3. treaty [ˈtriːti] - n. 条约；协议；谈判。
- 例句：The two sides signed a treaty to promote economic cooperation.（双方签署了一项促进经济合作的条约。
）4. alliance [əˈlaɪəns] - n. 联盟；联合；联姻。
- 例句：The two countries formed an alliance to resist external threats.（两国结成联盟以抵御外部威胁。
）5. sovereignty [ˈsɒvrənti] - n. 主权；主权国家；君主。
- 例句：Respecting a country's sovereignty is a basic principle in international relations.（尊重一个国家的主权是国际关系中的一项基本原则。
）二、经济类。
1. economy [ɪˈkɒnəmi] - n. 经济；节约；理财。
- 例句：The global economy has been facing some challenges in recent years.（近年来，全球经济一直面临一些挑战。
catti英语 口译实务 二级
在探讨catti英语口译实务二级这一主题时，首先需要对catti的含义和意义进行简要介绍。
catti是我国翻译协会翻译资格考试的简称，是我国翻译界的最高权威机构之一。
catti考试分为笔译和口译两大类，而catti英语口译实务二级是其中非常重要的一个级别。
根据这一主题，接下来将分别从考试内容、备考方法、实用价值等方面来深入探讨。
一、catti英语口译实务二级的考试内容catti英语口译实务二级考试主要包括听力、口译和笔记三个部分。
在听力部分，考生需要听取英语材料并做出相应的回答。
口译部分则需要考生在规定的时间内口译听到的中文材料。
笔记部分则考察考生对于所听到的内容的理解和记录能力。
这三个部分既考察了考生的语言素养，也考察了考生的应变能力和观察力。
二、catti英语口译实务二级的备考方法为了通过catti英语口译实务二级考试，考生需要系统地进行备考。
首先是对于各项考试内容的深入了解，包括对于听力的训练、口译的练习以及笔记的记录。
其次是对于相关背景知识的积累，因为口译实务的内容往往涉及各个领域的知识，包括政治、经济、文化等方面。
最后是对于实际应用的模拟练习，例如参与模拟考试、听取外语广播等。
三、catti英语口译实务二级的实用价值通过catti英语口译实务二级考试，考生不仅能够提高自身的英文水平和口译能力，还能够获得更多的职业机会和发展空间。
特别是在当前全球化的背景下，翻译和口译人才的需求更加迫切。
通过catti口译考试，考生可以更好地适应社会的需求，为自己的职业生涯打下坚实的基础。
总结回顾：catti英语口译实务二级考试作为我国翻译协会翻译资格考试的一部分，具有非常重要的意义。
通过对于catti口译二级的考试内容、备考方法以及实用价值的深入探讨，可以更好地理解该考试的重要性和必要性。
在现实生活中，我们也经常会遇到需要口译的场景，通过catti口译考试的学习和实践，不仅可以为个人职业发展增光添彩，也可以为社会生活增添更多的便利和温暖。
catti二级口译实务考试试题及答案解析
模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题！catti 二级口译实务考试试题及答案解析一、English-Chinese Translation （本大题2小题．每题25.0分，共50.0分。
Translate the following passage （s ） into Chinese ）第1题【正确答案】：答案:当前在中国，艾滋病毒和艾滋病被视为正在上升的一大威胁。
据中国官方估计，中国已有约84万人感染了艾滋病毒。
但截止2003年底，仅有62159人经检查确诊为艾滋病毒阳性，其余780000或更多的艾滋病毒阳性人员的情况并不为公共卫生部门所知，当事人自己对此或许也不清楚，这就构成了艾滋病毒进一步传播的重大危险。
中国资深官员和在华国际专家都认为，艾滋病毒在中国正从一些特定群体，如注射吸毒人员和卖淫人员，向普通人群扩散。
不过，中国在观念、政策和资源投入方面已取得了重要的进步。
新就任的领导人对改善社会福利，特别是处理艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题加大了投入。
中国对艾滋病问题做出了更加积极的反应，包括了实行全国性的救治计划。
新的方针鼓励“四免一关怀”，即对贫困患者药品免费，检查和治疗免费，防止母婴传染治疗免费，艾滋病孤儿上学免费，以及关怀感染艾滋病毒和艾滋病的家庭等。
中国的高级领导人还承诺执行减轻危害的政策，比如鼓励吸毒者使用安全套，针具以旧换新，以及进行美莎酮替代疗法等。
严峻的挑战还在前面，尽管中国已取得很多积极进展，但要战胜艾滋病，在政治、技术和标准方面还面临着十分艰巨的挑战。
就规划、成本、后勤、人力资源、技术能力以及艾滋病羞耻所引起的普遍问题来看，其规模之大，问题之严重，无论如何强调都不过分。
这里仅举几例：脆弱和不完整的全国性艾滋病毒检查和监测系统，破败而难以发挥作用的公共卫生系统，特别在农村地区，以及在为艾滋病毒和艾滋病感染者提供正常的诊断、咨询、救治、监测和照顾方面严重缺少合格工作人员，必要的设备和技术。
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Bilateral trade has grown 26 times 双边贸易增长了 26 了倍 Important trade partners of each other 彼此间非常重要的贸易伙伴 Pople-to-people exchange 人员交流 On our part 就我们而言 Shared desired of the two people 两国人民共同愿望 Unique favorable condition 得天独厚的条件 Huge potential 巨大的潜力 Geographical proximity 地理相邻 Convenient traffic links 交通便捷 With sb’s strength in technology and managerial experience and sb’s abundant labor resource and large market. Chinese and ROK economies have much to offer each other. 韩国有技术和管理经验上等方面的优势，中国有丰富的劳动力资源，广阔的市场， 中国和韩国的经济互补性很强。 Expand the scale, broaden the scope and enhance the level of our trade ties 扩大合作规模，拓宽合作领域，提高合作水平。 Destabilizing factors 不稳定因素 Regional cooperation Vigorous effort Uphold peace and stability Issues left from the past 历史遗留问题 Address each other’s concerns in a proper way Build a new and harmonious Northeast Asia 和谐的东北亚格局 Committed to the path of peaceful development 坚持走和平发展道路 Underdeveloped production force
Sectary-General Charming autumn scenery in a most fresh air and clean weather 天高气爽，秋色宜人 General Assembly Session 全体大会 Extend welcome and express congratulation Represent Be on the rise 不断增加 Scale of the tourism industry 旅游产业规模 Be on constant expansion 范围继续扩大 Serve gradually as an important bridge 逐渐成为重要渠道 Exert more and more extensive influence on the human life and social progress 越来越广泛的影响 From ancient till now
战略机遇 Achieve all-round construction of a better-off society 全面建设小康社会 Speed up its socialist modernization 加快推进社会主义现代化 Utilize Extensive cooperation For many years Active and effective effort 积极且富有成效的努力 A specialized agency of UN 联合国的特别专门机构 Full success 圆满成功
Chamber of Commerce and Industry 工商会 Promotion of International Trade 贸易促进会 Luncheon 午餐会 Richly-endowed country 美丽富饶的国家 Thriving development 蓬勃发展 Hardworking and enterprising people 勤奋进取的人民 Neighbor with similar culture and a long history of friendly exchanges 比邻相居，文化相通 15th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations 建交 15 周年 Year of Exchange 交流年 Guided by the principle of mutual respect, equality, mutual trust, mutual benefit and win-win cooperation 相互尊重，平等互信，互惠互利，合作共赢 In all fields 所有领域
Байду номын сангаас
从古至今 Demonstrate Raise the idea Appreciating the landscape through sightseeing 观国之光 Enrich themselves mentally and physically through traveling over famous mountains and rivers 游历名山大川，承天地之灵气，接山水之精华 A newly emerging dynamic and potentially strong industry It ranks among the top destinations in term of both tourist arrivals and foreign currency receipts 旅游人数和旅游外汇收入都居世界前列 Outbound tourist 出境旅游者 Not only boast a long history of civilization but also demonstrates a great deal of modern vitality 历史悠久的文明古国，也是充满生机的东方大国 Endow Unique, rich and varied tourism resources 得天独厚的旅游资源 The different folk customs of 56 nationalities 56 个民族风情浓郁 Has been listed… 列为… Thanks to the further push by the opening up and reform 改革开放的推动下 Surging ahead Experience daily changes The ancient glory of China and its modern boom add radiance and charm to each other 古代中国的风采神韵与现代中国的蓬勃英姿交相辉映 A most favorable condition 最为有利的条件 Domestic and international tourism 优越的条件 First 20 years of the 21st century 头 20 年 Strategic period
Lord 勋爵 I confess I am a little intimated at being moderated by a veteran statesman of your distinction. 您这样一位声名显赫的资深政治家为我引见令我有些诚惶诚恐。 Reveal the identity I thought to myself Conversely Those interested in grand-standing would have one less opportunity to do 那些喜欢抛头露面的人则少了一个炫耀的机会 On the record Wait for another occasion to experience at first hand 另外寻找机会亲身感受 Truly a privilege to join such a distinguished group 与..汇聚一堂，深感荣幸 Opinion-makers 舆论制造者 Shape both policy and practice UN has a way of getting caught in the crossfire between its uncritical lovers and unloving critics 联合国总是夹在从不批评的爱国者和从不爱护的批评者之间左右为难。 Unwavering but by no means unquestioning supporters 坚定不移但绝非毫无原则的支持 The UN first saw light of day as a working Organization 次年在伦敦作为一个组织开始工作 Came into being Rising from ravages Was none other than… By then UK Ambassador to the UN One extreme of the cartoon spectrum 一个极端情形是 The idealism and unity that inspired the conference and the signing 推动…的理想主义和团结精神 Join and shape Courageous pioneers in its fledgling year 初创时期 a steadfast sense of faith
Launch of this Globe Forum Harness the power of one to advance the other 互促共进的里程碑 A speedy recovery 早日康复 Honor the event with his presence Gracious support 鼎力相助 Not as tortuous, nor as solitary 没那么坎坷也没有那么孤独 In its own way, ours was a road full of detours and obstacles 我们的道路充满着坎坷和障碍 Hearten Reach the stage Member States of UN International arena Even then Skeptic The position would be too entrenched 立场将过于僵硬 Become hopelessly embattled 不可救药的变得势不两立 Prove sth(N) sth(adj) Grasp migration’s powerful potential for good 可能带来极大的好处 Old stereotypes have crumbled 各种成见随之土崩瓦解 New opportunity have captured our imagination 各种新的机遇令人神往 Driven by the age-old pursuit of a better life, as well as by increasingly understood