2015太奇模考-试题-英语-A5

绝密★启用前2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷【A5】1．考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。

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否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。

姓名：_____________ 听课证号：__________________太奇2015年管理类专业学位全国联考英语（二）测试A5Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET . (10points)Humans are unique in the extent to which they can reflect on themselves and others. Humans are able to __1__, to think in abstract terms, to reflect on the future. A meaningless, __2__ world is an insecure world we do not like. When it __3__ to human behavior, we infer meaning and __4__ to make the behavior understandable. __5__ all this means is that people develop “quasi-theories” of human behavior, that is, theories that are not developed in __6__, scientific manner. When doing so, people believe they know __7__ humans do the things they do.Let’s consider an example. In the United States people have been __8__ with the increasing amount of crime for several years. The extent of crime bothers us because we ourselves could be victims. But it __9__ bothers us that people behave in such ways. Why can such things happen? We develop quasi-theories.We __10__ concerned about the high crime rate, but we now believe we __11__ it: our criminal justice system is __12__; people have grown selfish and inconsiderate as our moral values weaken __13__ the influence of liberal ideas; too many people are on drugs.These explanations suggest possible solutions- __14__ the courts and put more people in jail as examples to other law breakers. There is now hope __15__ the problem of crime can be solved if only we __16__ these solutions. Again, the world is no longer meaningless nor __17__ so threatening.These quasi-theories __18__ serve a very important function for us. But how accurate are they? How __19__ will the suggested solutions be? These questions must be answered with __20__ to how people normally go about developing or attaining their quasi-theories of human behavior.1. [A]reason [B]consider [C]deem [D]dwell2. [A]unanimous [B]unimaginable [C]unpredictable [D]unfortunate3. [A]goes [B]comes [C]makes [D]concerns4. [A]explanations [B]motives [C]conclusions [D]consequence5. [A]That [B]Even [C]As [D]What6. [A]an objective [B]a subjective [C]a theoretic [D]a conclusive7. [A]how [B]why [C]whether [D]when8. [A]worried [B]disturbed [C]bewildered [D]concerned9. [A]also [B] even [C]yet [D]still10. [A]retain [B]remain [C]maintain [D]sustain11. [A] master [B]conceive [C]understand [D]acquire12. [A]precautious [B]inadequate [C]deficient [D]destructive13. [A]for [B]as [C]from [D]beyond14. [A]consolidate [B]stiffen [C]confirm [D]strengthen15. [A]which [B]whether [C]that [D]how16. [A]act on [B]work out [C]see to [D]set up17. [A]rather [B]very [C]much [D]quite18. [A]moreover [B]therefore [C]nevertheless [D]otherwise19. [A]effective [B]efficient [C]sufficient [D]capable20. [A]reference [B]relationship [C]result [D]association Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Drought is a slow emergency. It does not swoop down out of the skies like a tornado or pull the earth apart like an earthquake. A drought of the kind the Eastern seaboard in the United States is suffering now, the worst of this century in at least four states, is the product not of one summer’s failed rains but of chronic dryness over several seasons －compounded by routine recklessness in our use of water. It is the result of what we have all been taught to call good weather-hot, it is true, but blue skies day after day, mild winters, little snow .It is also the result of what we have come to call normal water use.The drought of 1999 has become severe enough to bring about a flurry of administrative. On Friday, President Clinton ordered to organize timely drought relief. New Jersey’ s Governor Christine Todd Whitman, and the Governors of Maryland, Delaware and West Virginia have all imposed mandatory restrictions on water use. Secretary of Agriculture Dan Glickman has declared West Virginia and 33 counties in 5 surrounding states a disaster area. Meanwhile, the Senate approved $7.4 billion in aid to farmers, to which a drought and disaster relief package will need to be added.This is all to the good, and it may also reconcentrate for a moment our attention on this nation’s pattern of water usage. Drought is nothing new, and dealing with it does not require radically new ideas. Many organizations have been set up in recent years in order to monitor drought conditions and respond to them as the long-term events they are. According to the National Drought Mitigation Center nearly every encounter with water sacristy leads to a set of recommendations - essentially the ones invoked in a drought emergency - meant to discourage consumption and encourage recycling.But once the rains begin again and controls are lifted, water use tends to rebound to previous levels. Drought dramatizes an epistemological problem that has real, practical effects.There is something almost intangible about the causes of drought, something as abstract and as forceful as fate. It is hard to tie any single drought unequivocally to the solid evidence of global warming, but that too lurks in many people’s minds as the ultimate cause of this summer’s drought.Against such a grand array of forces, it can be hard to imagine how taking a shorter shower or watering the lawn less frequently makes a difference. But individual action-conservingwater-isthe basis for collectively action, the residents of drought-stricken states can make an enormous difference lows, and in the future, both now, when stream levels are at record lows, and in the future, when rain returns.Farmers, of course, are forced to take the weather as it comes. Farms, like many other forms of industry, require water for economic survival, which is exactly what is at risk again this year. The reserves of water in reservoirs have been steadily diminishing. So have the economic reserves of American farmers, who find themselves bringing their products to market, if they survive this dry season at all, at depressed prices. Neither of these problems, drought or farm income can be solved with a sudden flurry of attention.21. In the view of the author, this year’s drought is caused by ______.[A] the lack of rainfalls[B] excessive water use[C] little snow in winters[D] a political emergency22. Which is NOT among the measures taken to combat the drought?[A] Declaring some states a disaster area.[B] Releasing funds to support farmers.[C] Imposing limits on water consumption.[D] Ordering to restrict drought relief23. According to the paragraph 3, another good thing about the drought may ______.[A] bring about public concerns on the situation.[B] discourage water pollution globally[C] call for actions to be taken by federal government[D] permit water consumption temporarily24. Which of the following is true about paragraph 4?[A] Water use tends to rebound after the drought.[B] The causes of drought are predetermined by our fate.[C] Global warming is the single cause to the drought.[D] Drought is a destined fate of human kind.25. Farmers take the weather as it comes mainly because ______.[A] water in reservoirs has been shrinking.[B] they can survive this dry season depressively.[C] water is essential for farming to make profits[D] they like many other forms of industriesText 2That title always had grandeur to it. “Miss America.” Ah, the simple, arrogant brilliance! It suggests a prom queen who wants to become the Statue of Liberty. Now she’s 75 and darned if she isn’t fresh as a Hard Copy headline.When the Atlantic City pageant (选美表演) airs this Saturday in the U.S. on the NBC network, some ambitious young woman--one of the 50,000 who try out each year--will realize the gossamer dream that last year enveloped Heatber Whitestone, the first deaf Miss America. But in the months leading to that night, the pageant has been slapped with unseemly controversy.A Miss Maryland contestant charges that she was denied her state title because of vote rigging. Other state contestants are vexed because a woman who had lost the Miss New Jersey competition four times decamped to Delaware and won the title there. And throughout America the anguished debate roils on. Should the swimsuit competition be dropped?Scandal is the coin of contemporary celebrity; it keeps the public interested. Funny how people have really cared about the pageant’s politic: in 1945 the naming of the first Jewish Miss America, Bess Myerson; in 1979 the dumping of Bert Parks, the show’s emcee for 25 years; in 1984 the dethroning of Vanessa Williams, the first winner of color, after sexually provocative photos surfaced. Race, belief and age, all have clouded the show. But like the winner at the moment of coronation--brandishing a mile-wide smile as she sobs on the edge of both the runway and hysteria--the pageant proves that pretty can be messy. It serves as a microcosm of a conflicted country. Miss America is America.This year Americans can be a part of the pageant, and not just by guessing the winner and trashing the losers.In a plebiscite, the I-can’t-believe-it’s-a-beauty-pageant, pageant is letting viewers decide whether the swimsuit competition will be retained. Before every commercial during the first half of the three-hour show, two phone numbers will appear-one for yes votes, one for no. The tally will be up-dated throughout the program. Normally the swimsuit competition is the first event of the evening; this year it will be the last - unless it is eliminated, which it won’t be. Straw polls indicate wide support, and 42 of the 50 contestants ate for it. Says Emily Orton, Miss Oregon: “The media can make you feel a lot more naked than a swimsuit. So if you can’t be comfortable competing in this, you won’t feel comfortable being Miss America.”26. The Miss Maryland contestant was denied her state title because ______.[A] she got quite a few of votes[B] somebody manipulates voting procedure[C] she had lost the competition many times[D] people held a controversial point of view of her27. According to the first sentence of Paragraph 3, the public ______.[A] are very casual about anecdotes[B] are interested in outstanding people[C] are willing to share gossips[D] show great concerns on scandals28. From the Paragraph 3, we learn that the pageant ______.[A] is supported by most politicians[B] is determined by race, belief and age[C] proves the blessing nature of prettiness[D] symbolizes national clashes29. It can be inferred from the text that the swimsuit competition ______.[A] has lost its appeal[B] has gained public preferences[C] tend to continue to exist[D] can be abolished soon30. In the view of Miss Oregon, ______.[A] the media can reveal more of oneself than the swimsuit does[B] we have reasons to retain this competition[C] the media is sometimes less annoying than the swimsuit competition[D] the swimsuit competition is much more hideous than the mediaText 3The traditional products that satisfy needs and those that satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products. In today’s prosperous societies the distinction has become blurred because so many wants have been turned into needs. A writer, for instance, can work with a word processor. Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want.In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased. The two main categories are convenience goods and sopping goods. Two lesser types ate specialty goods and unsought goods .It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France (wine, for example) may be a specialty good in the United States.People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, razor blades, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought on impulse: someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items. Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices, quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision. Buying an automobile is often done this way.Shopping goods fall into two classes: those that are perceived as basically the same and those that are regarded as different Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as inherently different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style, and fashion will either take precedence over price, or they will not matter at all.Specialty goods have characteristics that impel customers to make special efforts to find them. Price may be no consideration at all. Specialty goods can include almost any kind of product. Normally, specialty goods have a brand name or other distinguishing characteristics.Unsought goods are items a consumer does not necessarily want or need or may not even know about. Promotion or advertising brings such goods to the consumer’s attention. The product could be something new on the market as the Sony Walkman once was or it may be fairly standard service, such as life insurance, for which most people will usually not bother shopping.31. A writer’s example in paragraph 1 is used to illustrate that______.[A] traditional products can satisfy our wants[B] modern society convert wants into needs[C] legitimate needs can be met quickly[D] word processor is viewed as an efficient tool32. “Staples” (para.3) refers to commodities that ______.[A] people are in routine need of[B] people spend much time on[C] people can buy conveniently[D] people want but don’t need33. When buying items regarded basically the same, customers ______.[A] keep interests in deciding the model[B] tend to do purchase at a reasonable price[C] are keen on their favorite items[D] can even afford to offer a high price34. According to the last paragraph, we can learn that unsought goods are_____.[A] poor in quality[B] new on the market[C] highly standard service[D] necessary to boost35. The text is mainly about ______.[A] the definition of goods[B] the explanation of products[C] the classification of goods[D] the promotion of productsText 4The emergence of public policy research organization – “think-tank” – has occurred relative relatively recently. More than 90% of all think-tanks were created in 1951 and 58% in just the last 20 years.For most of the 20th century, think-tanks were an organizational phenomenon found primarily in the United States, Canada, Western Europe and Japan. Today, there are more than 3,000 think-tanks worldwide in almost every country that has more than a few million inhabitants and at least a modicum of intellectual freedom.To fulfill their mission of improving public policy, think-tanks must compete in two distinct markets: one to obtain funding and one to sell policy advice.Sometimes these markets overlap, for example, when a government agency responsible for a policy sector hires a think-tank to advise it on a specific problem. But more often those funding advice and those receiving it are different, for example, when an international development agency funds a study to help a national government make more-informed decisions.Even with an expanding market for ideas, think-tanks still require money to operate. Many of them do so on a shoestring, with minuscule staffs who derive most of their income from other employment (most often as university teacher). But if a think-tank is to obtain more than minimal size and visibility, increased funding is required.Much of the impetus for the growth in think-tanks in less-developed countries has been the flow of money from the industrialized countries. This assistance has come from several sources in the industrialized world. Foundations like Soros, Ford, and Tinker give much support, as do national and international development organization such as the US Agency for International Development, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund.One problem with foreign funding, however, is that it can raise questions about the credibility of a think-tank’s research and policy recommendations: if foreign donors are providing money for a think-tank, might they not also be dictating its conclusion? But for many think-tanks in poor countries the shortcomings of foreign financing are out-weighted by its benefits. International funding has dramatically increased the resources available to think-tanks in the developing and transitional economies.The global flow of funds to think-tank has also provoked controversy in the older industrialized countries. Some critics have expressed concerns that the flow of foreign money to support research at US think-tanks may have come with strings attached, or at a minimum cause institutions that accept money from foreign corporation and foundations to mute any criticism of the donor countries’ foreign or domestic policies.36. According to the text, think-tanks _____.[A] were created just in the last 20 years.[B] are found only in developed countries[C] primarily engage in public research[D] have spread to every country in the world37. It can be inferred from the text that _____.[A] think-tanks are basically non-profit organizations.[B] think-tanks obtain funding by selling policy advice[C] think-tanks’ funding mainly comes from the staffs, contribution.[D] intellectual freedom is a necessary condition to build up think-tanks.38. In Paragraph 6, “this assistance” refers to _____.[A] impetus for the growth in developing countries.[B] financial support from industrialized world[C] the flow of money in industrialized countries[D] investment made by big corporations to think-tanks39. In the last paragraph, the phrase “come with strings attached” most probably means_____.[A] foreign funding is conditional[B] foreign funding is insufficient[C] foreign funding brings controversy[D] foreign funding is limited to some projects40. The main idea of the text is that _____.[A] think-tanks have spread worldwide[B] think-tanks are going on globalization[C] think-tanks are faced with funding problems.[D] foreign funding puts think-tanks in troublePart BDirections: You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45).there are two extra subtitleswhich you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Physical Changes[B] Low Self-Esteem[C] Emerging Independence and Search for Identity[D] Emotional Turbulence[E] Interest in the Opposite Sex[F] Peer Pressure and Conformity[G] Dangerous ConflictsThe transition to adulthood is difficult. Rapid physical growth begins in early adolescence — typically between the ages of 9 and 13 — and thought processes start to take on adult characteristics. Many youngsters find these changes distressing because they do not fully understand what is happening to them. Fears and anxieties can be put to rest by simply keeping an open line of communication and preparing for change before it occurs. The main issues that arise during adolescence are:41. __________A child’s self-worth is particularly fragile during adolescence. Teenagers often struggle with an overwhelming sense that nobody likes them, that they’re not as good as other people, that they are failures, losers, ugly or unintelligent.42. __________Some form of bodily dissatisfaction is common among pre-teens. If dissatisfaction is great, it may cause them to become shy or very easily embarrassed. In other cases, teens may act the opposite---loud and angry --- in an effort to compensate for feelings of self-consciousness and inferiority. As alarming as these bodily changes can be, adolescents may find it equally distressing to not experience the changes at the same time as their peers. Late maturation can cause feelings of inferiority and awkwardness.43. __________Young people feel more strongly about everything during adolescence. Fears become more frightening, pleasures become more exciting, irritations become more distressing and frustrations become more intolerable. Every experience appears king-sized during adolescence. Youngsters having a difficult adolescence may become seriously depressed and/or engage in self-destructive behavior. Often, the first clue that a teenager needs professional help is a deep-rooted shift in attitude and behavior. Parents should be alert to the warning signs of personality change indicating that a teenager needs help. They include repeated school absences, slumping grades, use of alcohol or illegal substances, hostile or dangerous behavior and extreme withdrawal and reclusiveness.44. __________There is tremendous pressure on adolescents to conform to the standards of their peers. This pressure toward conformity can be dangerous in that it applies not only to clothing and hairstyles; it may lead them to do things that they know are wrong.45. __________Adolescence marks a period of increasing independence that often leads to conflict between teenagers and parents. This tension is a normal part of growing up — and for parents, a normal part of the letting-go process. Another normal part of adolescence is confusion over values and beliefs. This time of questioning is important as young people examine the values they have been taught and begin to embrace their own beliefs. Though they may adopt the same beliefs as their parents, discovering them on their own enables the young person to develop a sense of integrity.Although adolescence will present challenges for young people and their parents, awareness and communication can help pave the way for a smooth transition into this exciting phase of life. Section III Translation46. Directions:In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the following passage intoChinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET . (15points) Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage.For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:There is an advertisement below, and you’re asked to read it carefully and then write a reply of application to the company.职位：英语教师招聘人数：若干职位要求：1、英语专业本科以上学历；2、二年以上英语教学经验；3、热爱教育事业，具有积极的人生态度，充满激情与活力；You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the followingtable. In your writing, you should1) interpret the table and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET . (15 points)备注：网络个性化服务（Personalized Online Services）是通过Internet, 顾客把求购商品的信息，如大小，颜色，样式等通过网络发送给生产厂家，由生产厂家根据顾客要求生产出产品，然后通过邮局邮寄给顾客。