考博专业英语
考博医学英语词汇
医学英语词汇accredited质量合格的, 可信任的ache痤疮acupuncturist针灸医生aerobe需氧微生物aerobic需氧的alimentary tract消化道alveolus 肺泡anaerobic厌氧的alkaline碱性的analgesia©痛觉缺失(的) anorexia厌食anemia贫血症angina(or –pectoris) 心绞痛angioplasty血管造影anoxia缺氧(症) antifebrile退热药, 退热的antioxidant抗氧化剂antiplatelet抗血小板aorta主动脉apnea窒息, 呼吸暂停arrhythmia心律不齐atrium心房atrophy虚脱, 萎缩auscultation听诊autosomal 常染色体的bed-bound卧床的beta-caroteneB胡萝卜素biliary胆汁的biopsy活检bronchitis支气管炎bronchus支气管bronchovascular支气管血管的cadaver(解剖用的)尸体canker口疮, 溃疡capillary毛细血管carcinogen致癌物, 诱癌剂cardiac arrect心搏停止cardiovascular心血管的cartilage软骨catabolism分解代谢catheter导管caustic腐蚀剂, 腐蚀性的celiac腹(腔)的cellulose纤维素cephalic头(部)的cerebellum小脑cerebrum大脑chiropractor按摩师chloride氯化物chlorophyll叶绿素cholecystitis胆囊炎cholesterol胆固醇chromosome染色体cilia 睫, 纤毛circadian生理节奏的cirrhosis肝硬化climacteric更年期, 转折点coagulation凝血colic绞痛, 急腹痛collagen胶原蛋白colloid胶(体)的concomitant伴随(发)的condication(indication) 适应证congenital先天的, 天生的congestion充血contraception避孕(法) contraceptive避孕药(工具), 避孕的contraindication禁忌证contralateral对侧的convalescent恢复的, 渐愈的cornea角膜coronary heart disease冠心病coronary atherosclerosis冠脉粥样硬化corpuscle小体, 细胞, 血球cortex皮层costal肋骨的countenance 脸色, 面部表情cranium颅cutaneous皮的cyanosis青紫, 发绀cyst囊(肿) debilitate使衰弱decompensate代偿失调defecate排便, 澄清defervescence潜伏期dementia痴呆denture一副假牙deodorant除臭剂(的)depilate脱去…毛dermatology皮肤病学dermis(derma)真皮dextral右侧的dialysis透析diaphoresis发汗, 出汗diaphragm隔(膜) diarrhea腹泻diastole(心)舒张(期) disincentive 阻止的, 抑制的disinfect杀菌, 消毒disposable可处理的, 一次性的dispensary药房dissemination传播, 散布distal末梢的, 远侧的dorsum背(部) dropsy水肿病duodenum十二指肠dysentery痢疾dysfunction机能障碍(失调) dyspepsia消化不良dysphagia吞咽困难dysplasia发育异常dyspnea呼吸困难dystrophy营养不良edema 水肿efferent传出的efficacy功效ejaculate射出(液体), 突然喊出electrolyte电解质elongate延伸, 拉长emaciate衰弱, 消瘦emancipate解放embolism栓塞embolus栓子embryology胚胎学emphysema(肺)气肿endemic地方病的endermic皮下的, 经皮的endocrine内分泌的endogenic内源的endoscope内镜endotoxin内毒素epidemiologist流行病学专家exotoxin外毒素epidemic流行病, 流行的epidermis表皮, 外皮epilepsy癫痫esophagus食道etiology病因学exacerbate恶化, 加剧exanimate已死的, 无生命的,无生气的excipient赋形剂excise切除, 删去excrete分泌, 排泄exhalation呼气, 散发expectorate咳出, 吐(血等) exudate渗出物febrifuge解热药febrile发热的fecal粪便的femur大腿fermentation 发酵(作用) fetus胎儿fibrosis纤维化flaccid松弛的flatulence肠胃胀气, 浮夸fluoroscopy X线检查fulminant(疾病) 暴发性的fulminate暴发fuzzy模糊的, 有绒的gape打呵欠, 张口gastric胃的gastritis胃炎gastroenteritis胃肠炎geneticist遗传学家genital 生殖的genitalia生殖器geriatric老年(症) 的geriatrist老年学家gerontology老年医学gestation妊娠globulin球蛋白glossal舌的glucose葡萄糖goiter甲状腺肿gonorrhea淋病graft移植grogginess四肢无力, 头昏眼花gynecology妇科学hallucination幻觉, 幻想hectic肺病的, 发热的hematology血液病hematoma血肿hematuria血尿hemiplegia偏瘫hemorrhage出血hemostasis止血(法) hepatic肝的hepatosis肝病hernia疝histology组织学homeostasis体内平衡hormonal激素的humoral体液的hydration 水合(作用) hydrocarbon碳水化合物hydropic水肿的hyperplasia增生hypnosis催眠药hypnotic催眠药, 催眠的hypotension低血压hypoplasia发育不全hypoxia缺氧症icteric黄疸的idiopathic特发的, 原发的, 先天的immunization免疫接种immunodeficiency免疫缺陷impedement缺陷, 障碍incitant兴奋剂incontience失禁, 无节制incubate潜伏inefficacious疗效不好的infarct梗死infirmary医务室, 医院infiltrate渗入inflammation炎症, 发炎, 激动inflame发炎inflammatory炎症的, 使激动的intensive-care unit 重症监护室ingestion吸收, 摄取innocuous无害(毒)的inoculate 给…接种insinuate使潜入insolation中暑, 日光浴insomnia失眠(症) inspection望诊instillation滴注insulin胰岛素interferon干扰素interm实习医生interview问诊intrapleural胸膜内的intravenously从静脉注射invertebrate无脊椎动物iodine碘ischemia©局部缺血(的) isotope同位素jaundice黄疸, 厌恶, 偏见, 妒忌labium唇lactate喂奶languish失去活力, 变得软弱无力laporotomy剖腹术larynx喉lassitude疲乏, 无精打彩latency潜伏(期) laxative轻泻药lesion损害(伤)leukemia白血病leukocyte白细胞libido性欲litigation诉讼lucid易懂的,神清的luetic梅毒的,传染病的lumbar腰的lymph淋巴(液) lysis消散, 渐退macula斑点malaise欠安, 不适manometer血压计marrow活力, 精华, 骨髓maternity母性, 怀孕, 产科医院matron护士长, 总干事measles 麻疹medicare医疗保险medicolegal法医学的medulla髓(质) membrane膜meningitis脑膜炎menstrual月经的metabolish新陈代谢metastasis转移(瘤) microbiology微生物学midwife助产士, 接生员mind-boggling不可思议的, 莫名其妙的misbirth流产, 堕胎miscarriage失败, 流产mitigate镇静, 缓和, 安慰, 减轻monocyte单核morbid病的, 致病的, 可怕的morbidity发病率mucosa粘膜mumps流行性腮腺炎mutagen诱变剂(因素) mutate 突变, 变异mycology真菌学myocardial infarction心梗myocardium心肌myopia近视naprapathy推拿(矫正) 疗法narcolepsy嗜眠病narcotherapy睡眠疗法, 麻醉疗法narcotic麻醉性的necropsy尸解, 尸检necrosis坏死neonate新生儿nephritis 肾炎neurology神经元, 神经细胞neurologic神经病的nipper镊子, 钳子nocturia夜尿noxious有毒(害)的, 不卫生的nutriology营养学obesity肥胖症oblivious健忘的obstetrics产科学occlude堵塞occlusive堵塞的occult隐(伏) 的, 秘密的ocular眼的, 视觉的officinal现成有售的, 药用的, 成药oncology肿瘤学opiate鸦片制剂opium鸦片, 麻醉剂ophthalmology眼科学orthopedics矫形外科学orthopnea端坐呼吸osmosis渗透(作用) ovary卵巢ovum 卵子oxygenate氧合, 高氧oxygen free radicals氧自由基pallor苍白, 灰白palpation触诊palpitate悸动pancreas胰(腺) pandemic流行病, 流行性的pap软食papula丘疹paralysis麻痹, 瘫痪paralyse 使麻痹paroxysm阵发, 突发patch膏药, 贴剂pathogen病原体pathology病理学pediatrics儿科学peptic(助)消化的percussion叩诊percutaneous经皮的pernicious有害(毒)的, 恶性的pharmacology药理学pharmacy药房pharynx咽phobia恐惧(症) placebo安慰剂plaque血小板, 斑plasma 血浆pleura胸膜plenary完全的, 绝对的plolyp息肉pneumothorax气胸polymer聚合体(物) polypeptide多肽porous有孔的, 能渗透的portal肝门的, 门静脉的potassium钾precancerous癌前期的predispose使易感染, 预先安排premed医学院预科prenatal胎儿期的, 出生前的prodrome先兆prognosis预后prolapse下垂prophylaxis预防(法) prostate前列腺(的) prostrate虚脱mutation突变psychosis精神病psychoprophylactic精神(心理) 预防的puberty青春期pulmonary 肺的purulent化脓的pus脓(液) pyrexia发热quarantine检疫(处), 隔离(区) quiescence休眠, 静止rabies狂犬病radiograph放射片rale罗音ramify分枝, 成网状rampant不可控制的, 蔓延的reagent试验, 反应力(物) recrudesce(病)复发refractory顽固的, 难治疗的regimen生活方式社会制度, 养生法, 服药时间表rehydrate输液relapse复发, 再发renal肾性的resect切除retina 视网膜rheumatism风湿病rheumatoid类风湿病的rhinitis鼻炎ricket佝偻病rigor发冷, 寒颤rubella风疹saline盐水saliva唾液salubrious有益健康的, 有利的salutary有益健康的, 有益的, 有治疗作用的salve药膏, 止痛药sanatorium疗养院sanitary卫生的, 清洁的sanitarian保健的, 公共卫生的, 保健专家scab痂scalpel 手术刀sclerosis硬化(症) screen普查seclude隔离secretory分泌的sedative镇静药, 止痛药senesce开始衰老senile老年的septic腐败性的, 败血病的sequel后发病, 后遗症, 后果serum血清sopor 昏睡, 酣睡somascope超声波检查仪somatic肉体的, 身体的sonograph(y) 超声检查仪(术), 声波(学) spasm痉挛, 抽搐, 一阵发作spell一次发作, 轮班, 发病时的, 招致sperm精子spinal脊椎的sporadic散见的sputum痰, 唾液starch淀粉stenosis(器官)狭窄sterilization消毒, 灭菌stethoscope听诊器stricture狭窄, 责难,批评strut肿起, 支撑, 炫耀stupe热敷stupor昏迷subcutaneous 皮下的subtlety微妙, 细微的差别sudorific发汗剂(的) supervene 伴随产生, 意外发生supine仰卧的suppuration化脓, 生脓suture 缝合, 缝线swab药签, 擦洗syncope晕厥syphilis梅毒syringe注射器systole心脏收缩(期) tabes消瘦, 痨症tachycardia心动过速taint污点, 感染,tampon棉球, 止血塞tenesmus下坠, 里急后重tertian间日(复发)的testis睾丸tetanus破伤风therapeutic治疗(学)的thermotaxis体温调节thorax胸(膛) thrombosis栓塞, 血栓形成thrombi血栓thymus胸腺thyroid甲状腺tonic滋补的(品), 强身的tonsil扁桃体tonsillitis扁桃体炎torpid麻痹的, 麻木的, 迟钝的toxicity毒力(性) trachea气管tracheitis气管炎trance发呆, 恍惚tranfix刺穿, 麻木tranquilizer镇定剂tumefy肿起(大) turgid肿胀的, 浮肿的tympanitis中耳炎ultrasound超声unicellular单细胞的uptick兴旺, 上升uremia尿毒症ureter输尿管urethra尿道uretic 利尿剂urinary(泌)尿的urinate排尿urine尿urology泌尿学uterus子宫vaccinate接种vasoactive血管作用的vasospasm血管痉挛venenous有毒的venereal性交(病)的venous静脉的ventral 腹(侧)的ventricle(心)室vertebra椎骨vesicle泡,囊veterinarian兽医villus绒毛virile男性的,强有力的virility(男)性功能virology病毒学virulence毒力, 毒性viscera内脏viscous粘性的vital signs 生命体征vitiate使污染, 使堕落, 腐败vivisect解剖windpipe气管workup病情的检查(en)zyme酶。
博士研究生专业英语考试
博士研究生专业英语考试
博士研究生专业英语考试（English Proficiency Test for Ph.D. Candidates）是用于评估博士研究生在英语听、说、读、写能力方面的考试。
该考试旨在测试学生对学术领域内英语的理解和运用能力，以确保学生具备进行学术研究和写作的基本英语能力。
博士研究生专业英语考试通常包括以下几个方面的内容：
1. 听力考试（Listening Test）：测验学生对英语听力材料的理解能力，包括听取学术讲座、学术研究报告等。
2. 口语考试（Speaking Test）：测验学生在学术交流中的口头表达能力，包括自我介绍、回答问题、陈述观点等。
3. 阅读考试（Reading Test）：测验学生对英语学术文献的阅读理解能力，包括理解文章主旨、判断作者观点、理解文章结构等。
4. 写作考试（Writing Test）：测验学生的学术写作能力，要求学生根据提供的题目或材料进行学术论述或分析。
博士研究生专业英语考试的成绩经常作为博士研究生入学的重要参考依据，学生需要根据考试要求进行针对性的准备。
通过这个考试，学生能够提高自己的英语水平，为以后的学术研究和职业发展奠定基础。
考博英语
考博英语词组（1）a matter of 几(分钟，里路，块钱等)的事；大约，左右；是个…问题，事关…about of 即将；打算absent from 不在；缺席absorbed in 吸引；专心于…account for 说明(原因)；解释；占…adhere to 粘附在…上；坚持，遵守；依附adjust to 调整以适应after all 还是；终于；毕竟aim of 瞄准；致力于…；旨在all but 几乎，差点；除…之外的全部all the while 一直地；始终all the more 更加越发all the same 尽管如此，仍旧allow for 酌量；考虑到and vice versa 反过来也一样anything/nothing but 一点也不／只是；仅仅是anything but 一点也不，决不是nothing but 只是，只不过是．apart from 除了；且不说appeal to 要求；上诉；引起…注意approve of 赞赏，同意；获准，认可around the corner 在拐角处；即将到来as a matter of course 当然，理所当然的(事)as a result/consequence 结果；因此as fellows 如下as for/to/regards 至于，说到就…而言／关于as it is (was) 实际上；按照原样as it were 似乎；实际上可以这么说；简直是；可谓as opposed to 和…相反；与…相对比as well 也…；和as/so far as 就…而言；至于; 到…程度；在…范围内ask after/for 问候，询问，探问／请求；找某人;要求at a stretch 不休息地，一口气地at a time 一次at all 一点也不，完全不(用于否定句)at (the) best/worst 顶多，充其量也不过／最坏也就是at (all) time 总是；无论何时，一直at a loss 不知所措at all/any cost(s) 不惜一切代价at all events 不管怎样，反正at any moment 随时at any rate 不管怎样；总而言之at first 起初；开始at first sight 乍一看，一见就at intervals (of) 不时，时时；每隔…at large 一般的；普遍的；详尽地；在逃；逍遥自在地at leisure 有空闲，闲着的；从容地，慢慢地at liberty 自由，有权(做某事)；闲着at (the) most/least 至多／至少at stake 关系到…的得失；在危险中at that 就这样；而且at sea 茫然，不知所措at the mercy of 完全受…支配，听命于at the moment 此刻at the risk of 冒…的危险attach to 附上；贴上；使隶属attend to 处理，办理；照看，照料;注意,专心于back up 支持；倒退be bent on (upon) 一心想做(某事)be better of 处境更好；情况转好be bound to 肯定，注定；一定要; 决心be composed of 由…组成be concerned with 关于…，与…有关；参与…be determined to 坚定；坚决；决心be fed up with/about 对…厌烦了；讨厌be fit for 适合be inclined to 倾向于…；想要be obliged to (do) 被迫，不得不be obliged to 感谢be related to 与…相关的，同…有亲戚关系be/get tired/sick of 对…失去兴趣；厌烦be/get used/accustomed to 习惯于bear/keep in mind 记住；牢记bear on/upon 对…施加压力；与…有关；对…有影响before long 很快;不久以后blow out (使火)熄灭；(轮胎)爆裂blow up 炸毁；充气；放大(照片)；勃然大怒boil/narrow down (to) 压缩成；归结为；简化为…break down (机器)发生故障;(计划，谈判等)失败;分析；分解；破除；战胜；(感情)失控，(身体)垮了break in 闯入；打断；训练；使驯服；使习惯于；break into 闯入；打断；突然开始…；突然…起来break out 突然暴发；逃脱break through 突破；冲破；克服；挤过break up 使粉碎；弄破；解散；结束；解体解散；中断；终止;(学校)放假使苦恼;恳(地)bring down 使垮台；失败；击落，打下；降低(物价，温度等)bring forward 把…提前；提议；建议；(会计)把(账目)结转到(次页)bring in 带来；引进；提出；挣得(报酬等)；生产，产生；收获；(陪审团)下(判决)bring out 出版；上演；显露出；现出；使人有勇气开口bring up 抚养，教育；提出(问题等)；呕吐bring/come/put/carry into effect 开始生效；实行build up 积累；聚集；增进(健康)；增强(体格)；确立(信誉)；吹捧burn down 烧光；把…烧成平地burst out/into 突然发生；突然…起来，怒放but for 除…以外；如果没有by accident/chance (纯粹)偶然地；碰巧；无意by all means 务必，一定，千方百计by no means 决不，一点，也不by and large 大体上；基本上；总的说来by for 更加…得多；尤其；最…by means/way of 用；以；依靠(某种方法，工具，工艺等)/作为;当作;经由by reason of 因为；由于by the way 顺便说一句by virtue of 因；靠；由于；借助于call for 去接人；取(物件)；要求；提倡call off 宣告终止；取消；(使注意力)转移开；放弃call on/upon 指名要(某人)去干(某事)；请求；号召；动用call up 打电话；召集，召唤；征召(服役)；使人回忆起;从计算机中调出(资料)calm/cool down 平静下来；使(人)冷静下来capable of (人)敢于；能…的；易于做出…的;(事)能…的;易…的care for/about 照顾；关照；喜欢；喜爱／关心；在意carry away 使激动得失去控制，使入迷，使倾倒carry back (to) 使回忆起carry forward 发扬；推进；转入下一页下期等carry off 夺走，诱拐；夺去…生命；获得(奖品等)carry on 继续；喧闹，起哄；从事；处理；经营；开展carry out 完成；落实；贯彻；实现；执行carry through 贯彻到底；度过难关；支持到底cast doubt (on) 使人怀疑change for the better/worse 改进；改善；好转／恶化；每况愈下change/speak one's mind 改变决定或主意／直抒己见charge (sb.) with 使负…罪名；托付，使负担check in/out 签到；报到；办理(住宿，乘机等)手续；退房登记;办清手续后离开；检查，核对check up 体格检查；核对，检查clean up 扫除，清洗干净；收拾干净；搬空；肃清;扫除;clear away 消除；收拾clear up 整理；解决，澄清，说明白；转晴；变好close up 关闭；阻塞；(人)互相靠紧；(伤口)愈合come about 发生，(风等)改变方向come across (无意中)碰到，找到，想到come along/on 来呀；赶快；一道来；赞成；进步／赶快；登台;(病,痛苦)加重，加深；来临；接着开始come back 回到原来的(地方，话题等)；突然想起；重新流行;恢复，复原，复苏；复辟come down 下降，跌价come down to 归根结底；实质上是；实际意味着come in 到来，出现；进入；兴起；到成熟期;上台执政;其作用come/get/keep in (to) contact/touch 与…联系，接触；交往come off 松开；脱落；剥落；(如期)发生；实现；奉行；应验come out 现出，露出；出版；发行；结果是…；取得(第…名)；罢工；解答出来；消失褪去；源于；来自；发表，讲出come (a)round 来访；转而同意某看法；恢复知觉；苏醒come to (a standstill/an end/light/no harm/the rescue of) 苏醒过来；恢复知觉(停止／结束／发现；显露／无害；无碍／营救；救援)come up with/to 提出；赶上；达到…标准；到达；不辜负(众望)compete with/against 同…竞争；与…相匹敌；竞赛；竞争complain about/of 抱怨；叫屈；申诉；投诉/自诉有…病痛concern about 关心；担心count on 指望；期待(某人)相助critical of 对…持批评态度的；对…苛求的cross out 删除；划掉cut down 削减；减少；砍伐cut off 切断；截止；中断供应(疾病等)使(人)死亡；叫(人)闭口无言cut out 割掉；删去；戒掉；省掉cut short 剪短；削短；(突然)中止；打断；缩短；从简deal/cope with 办理；处理；对付；论述；与…打交道，做买卖，妥善;处理；对应付devote to 献身于…；致力于die away 消逝；减弱；渐息die down 平息；平静下来；熄灭die from/of 由于…而死／因(患)…而死,…死于die for 迫切想要(某物)；渴望die off 相继死亡；绝种die out 熄灭，绝种，不复存在考博英语词汇（2）do away with 除去；废除；干掉；杀死do/try one's best/utmost 努力；尽力而为do/go without 没有也行do wrong/justice (to) 对待(某人)不公平;冤枉某人／逼真；出色；处置公道；公正对待draw back 退回，往后退；不履行draw in 拉入，吸人; (火车，汽车)进站，到达;吸收参加;(日子)逐渐变短；收(网)；紧缩开支draw on 接近；靠近；临近；利用；依赖；凭借；(紧身衣物)穿，戴draw out 取出；拔出；(火车，汽车)缓缓开出；(白天)逐渐变长；拉长，延长；拟订draw up 起草；拟订；(使车、马)停下dress up 化装；装饰；打扮drop in (over) 顺访；串门drop off 睡着；(客人)一个个地散去；(兴趣等)减弱drop out 逃(学)；离队出走dry up 干瘪；干涸；(思路等)枯竭engage in 从事；进行equal to 相等；相同；敌得过；担得起;胜任even if/though 即使；甚至every other 每隔…一(天、周等)；所有其他except for/that 除…之外；只是fall back (on) 撤退；退缩(求助于；投靠；转而依靠)fall behind 落后；被甩在后面，拖欠fall on/upon 碰到，看到；降临；落到；袭击；适逢(日期)fall out (头发，牙齿)脱落；掉；掉下来；掉队；(队伍)原地解散；不和；吵翻了fall through 落空；失败famous for 以…著称，闻名；驰名far from 远离，远非；根本谈不上；决不是；差得远feel like 想做(某事)；感到像是…的样子fill in 填写；填充；填满；对…提供最新情况；fill out/up 填写；长丰满，长胖；变粗装满；填写；充满；占掉(地方或时间)find fault (with) 找…岔子；挑剔find out 发现；找出；弄清楚；认识到；查明follow up 继而进行…；追踪，跟踪fond of 爱好；喜欢for all (that) 尽管；如此, 还是for ever/good 永久；永远for/in fear (of) 唯恐；以免为…而担心for the sake of 为了；为了…的好处，利益free of/from 不受…影响的；摆脱了…的from time (door/side) to time (door/side) 时时；不定期地(挨家挨户／左右摇摆;晃动)get across (使人)了解；讲清楚get/go ahead 赶过；胜过；有进展／开始；进行中；继续下去；走在前面，先走get around/round (to) 克服(困难)；避开；(消息)传开；(终于有时间)做某事get at 够得着；拿得到；弄清，了解；意指，暗示get away (with) 逃脱；逃跑get/learn by heart 牢记，熟记；背得出get down (to) (使人)不快；沮丧；写下；咽下(to)开始认真做…get even (with) 报复，和…算账get/take/catch hold of 弄到手；掌握；了解；知道(去向)get in the way 妨碍，阻碍get off (with) 下车；出发；离去；不涉足，避开；脱下(衣服等)；使免遭处罚get on (with) 相处；继续做；进行下去；顺利发展；上车；穿(衣)；上年纪get out/into 离去；逃走；退出；出去；取出；拿出；拨出；出版；谈话吃力；(消息)走漏；泄露／进入；穿上；成癖；陷于；研究；从事于；变成get over 越过；恢复；完成，结束；克服(困难)；解决难题get rid of 除去；丢弃；扔掉；摆脱；消灭get the better 胜过，超过；占上风；左右；支配get through 完成；到达；渡过；用光；(使人)明白；通过；接通(电话)get together 集会；聚会get up 起床；站起;举欤话才牛换埃淮虬?/BR> get up to 到达；赶上give away 背弃；出卖;泄露;散掉,给掉(钱财)give in/way (to) 屈服；让步;递交;交上;让位于，转变为；听任支配give out 分发;分配;失灵；报废；用尽；耗光give rise to 引发；导致；产生given that 只要是，考虑到；假定，已知go after 寻找；追求go by 通过；经过；依照…行事；根据…的说法go down 去某地；下去；跪下；咽下；(日)落；(船)沉;病倒；垮台；(计算机)停机(故障) go down with 为…所接受，为…所相信，为…所心服go for 去(做某事)；去请，去找，去拿；想要，愿做，喜欢；可应用于；赞成；被认为go in for 从事；参加(考试；竞赛)；喜欢上(业余爱好)go into 调查；研究加入；从事；投入；进人…状态；撞车go off 离开；消失；昏过去；睡着；爆炸；爆发出；开始；(食品)变质；进行go out 出去；熄灭；公布，发表；过时，不再流行go over 越，渡，转向；仔细检查；仔细推敲go through 遭遇；经历；熬过；用光(钱)；获准，通过go up 升高；提高；涨高；增长；盖起；建造起；被烧(炸)毁；(舞台幕布)拉起go with 连带；带有；伴随；与…匹配；同…协调grow away from 与…疏远起来grow from 由…长大，由…发展起来grow in 在…方面成长;增加(力量等)grow into 成长为,发展为grow on 使越来越感兴趣，渐渐成为习惯；加深对…的影响grow out of 由…产生；长高大了(衣服等)穿不上；抛弃;戒除(恶习)grow up 长大成人；成长；发展hand down (财产，技术或知识)往下传,传给(后人)hand in 交进来(去)；交上去；递交;面呈hand out 派送；分发；(乱)给(批评，处分，忠告等)hand over/on to 捐赠；移交；让与；将…移交给；交出；将…送交，依次传递hang about/around 闲逛；转悠；观望／闲逛；缠(人)；与…泡在一起hang back 畏缩不前；迟疑(不肯做某事)hang behind 迟迟不离开，落在后面hang on/to 稍等；坚持住；赖着不走；抱(推，抓)住不放hang out 晾衣服；居住，呆(在某处)；停留hang together 团结合作，互相支持；一致，不矛盾hang up 挂起来；挂上话筒；耽搁，搁置have/give access to 得以进入；可以接近have/give an/the advantage over 比…占上风；有利／优于…have to do with 与…有关系hit on/upon 无意中找到；偶然想出hold back 犹豫(该不该做某事)；阻止；阻碍；隐瞒；忍住hold in 抑制(情绪等)，控制住hold on (to) 坚持下去；等一等；别挂电话hold on to 抓住不放hold out 坚持要求；坚持到底；守住；提出；伸出；主张;坚持；维持hold out for 坚持(得到…)而不肯妥协hold together (合在)一起；团结在一起hold up 举起；托住；支撑；使停滞;耽搁；提出；阻挡；列举，推举；(理论等)经得住hunt for 搜索;探求hurry up 赶快;快点if only 只要；哪怕；要是…就好了；真希望in a sense/way 在某种意义上；有一点儿／在某些方面；有几分；稍微in a word 总而言之；一言以蔽之in accordance with 照；根据；与…一致；合乎in addition (to) 加之；另外；除…之外又in advance (of) 比…先进；提前；提早；预先;事先;在…之前in any case/event 而且；总之；无论如何；好歹in case (of) 如果；万一；倘；以便；以防;以备;如有in charge of 主持；领导；主管…的；照看…的in common (with) 共同；相通；与…同样in conclusion 最后；总之in confidence 私下里；秘密地；暗中in conflict (with) 和…矛盾；和…发生冲突;与…相抵触in connection with 关于…；与…有关；有联系in consequence (of) 因此；结果；…结果；因为…的缘故in/by contrast/comparison to/with 与…对比；对照；和…大不相同／和…比起来；与相比in debt 负债；欠钱in defense 保卫；保护in detail 详细；详尽in disguise 伪装;乔装;假装；隐瞒；掩饰；假象；貌似in exchange for 交换;调换in favor (of) 支持；赞成；对…有利；偏向in force/effect 有效；生效；在实施中在有效期中／实际上；事实上有效；生效；在实施中in front of 在…的正对面；在…前边；对面；当…的面in general/particular 总之；大体上；一般；普遍／尤其；特别in honor of 向…表示尊敬；为祝贺…in (the) light of 考虑到；依照；根据in line 排队；排列；同意；准备就绪；按顺序; 受约束in control 由…控制；管理in office 执政；在位in/within sight 看得见；在眼前；在望；不远了in a way 有点；稍微；在某种意义上in a big/small way 大/小规模地in memory of 为纪念…in need/want of 需要；急需in order (that/to) 以便；为了in other words 换句话说；换言之in place of 代替；而不是；更换; 顶替in progress 在进行中；尚未完工in proportion (to/with) 和…成比例；和…相关；和…相比考博英语词汇（3）in question 讨论中的；谈及的；争论中的in/with respect of/to 关于in return 回报；付给in search of 寻找；搜寻；查究in secret/private/public 私下；暗地／不公开; 私下；秘密地／当众；公开地in short/brief/sum 简言之；总之in spite of 虽然；不管；不顾；纵使in support of 维护…；支持…；证实…in that 因为in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下；考虑到这种情况in the course of 在…期间；在…的过程中in the end 最后；最终；结果；终归in the face of 面临；不顾(反对等)in the first place 起初；首先；早先(not) in the least/the least bit 一点(也不)；丝毫(不); (常用于强调否定)in the long/short run 结果；最后／暂时：目前in the name of 在…的名下；以…的名义；为…的缘故in no/good time 立刻；马上，一转眼工夫；迅速地；恰好in vain 徒劳；无益in view of 鉴于；考虑到independent of 独立于…之外；不依赖…的；不受…支配的inform of 告诉；报告；通知insist (on/upon) 坚决主张；坚决要求；坚持认为；定要；坚持要instead of 代替；而不是interfere with 干涉；干预；妨碍；干扰；影响involve in 涉及；卷入；陷入；使进入；使连累join in 参加;加入jump to a conclusion 草率决定;贸然断定keep down 控制，限制，；低下；蹲下;躺下;压住;压制;镇压；忍住了呕吐；缩减keep from 隐瞒，瞒住；避开；使免于keep off 驱散；避开；防止，挡住；不接近keep on 继续…；不停地…keep to 恪守；遵守；遵循；按…办；坚持(做)keep to the (a) minimum 控制到最低限度；尽可能短(少)keep under control 控制(监视等)keep up (with) 跟上；赶上；保持；不落在后面；及时了解(情况)knock down 拆除；拆卸；打倒，撞倒；使减价knock off 下班，停止工作；减低，扣掉；匆忙做完(写完)knock out 敲出；击倒；击昏；使失效；匆匆做好；(药物)使入睡knock over 打翻know of/about 知道；听说lack of 不够；不足；没有laugh off 一笑置之；把…当儿戏lay down 放下；放弃(想法态度等)；拟订(计划等)；兴建;规定；制定lay off 暂时解雇；休息；休养lay out 展开；铺开；摆开；说明，表达(想法等)；设计；布置；准备人殓lead the way 向导；领路；引路lead to 领；带；导向；通向；通往；导致；造成leak out 走漏(消息等)；(水，煤气等)泄露lean on 对…施加压力；讹诈；逼迫；倚靠；依靠leave behind 抛弃；忘记带；把…拉下；落后leave out 遗漏；省去；删去；不考虑lead to 把…借给；把钱贷给；使…增添了…,使…有了let alone 更不用说；更别提let down 使(人)失望；放下；放(长)衣服；不支持let off 免除；放过；放掉(气)；放(枪)；引爆(炸弹)；准许…暂时停止工作let out 释放；放走；放(水，气)；出租(房屋)；把(衣服)放大level off/out 稳定；持平；整平；弄平；水平飞行line up 排队；列队；整顿；排列整齐；排成行；安排妥当；与…站在一起live on/by 继续活着；靠…生活；以食…为生／按照或遵循…(准则)而生活；靠…过活live through 渡过；熬过live up to 配得上。
考博英语高频词汇
考博英语高频词汇The journey towards graduate school often requires meticulous preparation and mastery of a wide range of skills including proficiency in the English language. One of the key components of this linguistic prowess is the command over frequently used words that are commonly encountered in graduate school entrance exams. These high-frequency words not only demonstrate a candidate's vocabulary depth but also play a crucial role in effectively communicating complex ideas and concepts during the examination process.Firstly it is important to understand the significance of these high-frequency words in the context of graduate school admissions. Admission committees often use standardized tests such as the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) to assess an applicant's overall academic readiness. These exams place a strong emphasis on the candidate's ability to comprehend and articulate ideas using a sophisticated vocabulary. By familiarizing oneself with the most commonly used words in these tests applicants can enhance their chances ofachieving higher scores and ultimately securing a spot in their desired graduate programOne of the primary reasons why mastering high-frequency words is so crucial is that they serve as the building blocks of academic discourse. These words are frequently employed in scholarly articles research papers and even classroom discussions enabling clear and concise communication of complex ideas. For instance words like analyze evaluate synthesize and elucidate are essential for effectively conveying one's critical thinking abilities during the admission process. Similarly terms such as hypothesize correlate and extrapolate are pivotal in demonstrating a candidate's research aptitude and analytical skillsFurthermore these high-frequency words are not limited to the realm of academic writing alone. They also play a significant role in various other aspects of the graduate school experience. During interviews for instance applicants are often required to articulate their research interests career goals and personal motivations using a sophisticated vocabulary. Words like endeavor aspire and cultivate can help candidates present themselves in a more compelling and articulate manner ultimately leaving a lasting impression on the admission committeeMoreover the importance of high-frequency words extends beyondthe admission stage. Once enrolled in a graduate program students are expected to engage in rigorous discussions with faculty members and peers. The ability to comprehend and utilize these words fluently can greatly enhance one's participation in seminars presentations and research collaborations. This proficiency not only facilitates effective communication but also signals to professors and mentors a candidate's intellectual maturity and dedication to academic excellenceIn addition to the obvious benefits in the academic sphere mastering high-frequency words can also have a profound impact on an individual's personal and professional development. The consistent use of these words can help cultivate a more refined and articulate communication style which can be advantageous in various social and professional settings. Words like eloquent erudite and discerning for instance can elevate one's personal brand and leave a lasting impression on colleagues and potential employersTo effectively prepare for the challenge of mastering high-frequency words aspiring graduate students should adopt a multifaceted approach. This may include but is not limited to regularly reading academic journals and books to immerse oneself in scholarly discourse expanding one's vocabulary through systematic study and practice and engaging in activities that challenge one's linguistic abilities such as writing essays or participating in debates.Furthermore seeking guidance from language instructors or tutors can provide valuable insights and personalized feedback to help refine one's skillsIn conclusion the mastery of high-frequency words is a crucial component of the graduate school admissions process and beyond. These words serve as the foundation for clear and effective communication of complex ideas enabling candidates to showcase their intellectual prowess and academic readiness. By dedicating time and effort to the systematic study and application of these words aspiring graduate students can significantly enhance their chances of success not only in the admission stage but also throughout their academic and professional journeys. Ultimately the investment in developing a robust vocabulary can pay dividends in the long run by opening doors to new opportunities and fostering personal and professional growth。
医学博士英语试题及答案
医学博士英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is the most common cause of death in patients with heart failure?A. Heart attackB. Kidney failureC. Respiratory failureD. Sepsis答案：C2. The primary function of the liver is to:A. Produce bileB. Regulate blood sugar levelsC. Filter bloodD. Produce hormones答案：A3. In medical terminology, "icterus" refers to:A. JaundiceB. HematuriaC. DyspneaD. Edema答案：A4. The term "neuropathy" is most closely associated withwhich system of the body?A. Musculoskeletal systemB. Nervous systemC. Cardiovascular systemD. Respiratory system答案：B5. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing diabetes?A. High blood pressureB. Family history of diabetesC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B答案：C6. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for:A. Magnetic Resonance ImagingB. Myocardial Reperfusion ImagingC. Metabolic Rate ImagingD. Mitochondrial Respiratory Index答案：A7. A patient with a diagnosis of "pneumonia" is most likely to exhibit which symptom?A. CoughB. DiarrheaC. RashD. Headache答案：A8. The "HIV" in medical terminology stands for:A. Human Immunodeficiency VirusB. Hepatitis Infection VirusC. Hemophiliac Infection VirusD. Hypertension Infection Virus答案：A9. Which of the following is a type of cancer that originates in the blood?A. LeukemiaB. MelanomaC. Lung cancerD. Breast cancer答案：A10. The "ICU" in a hospital setting refers to:A. Intensive Care UnitB. Inpatient Care UnitC. Imaging Control UnitD. Infection Control Unit答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The medical term for inflammation of the heart muscle is ________.答案：cardiomyopathy2. A(n) ________ is a medical professional who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ear, nose, and throat.答案：otolaryngologist3. The process of removing waste products from the body is known as ________.答案：excretion4. A(n) ________ is a type of cancer that originates in the prostate gland.答案：prostate cancer5. The abbreviation "CT" stands for ________.答案：computed tomography6. A patient with a diagnosis of ________ is experiencing difficulty in breathing.答案：asthma7. The medical term for the surgical removal of the appendix is ________.答案：appendectomy8. A(n) ________ is a medical condition characterized by high blood pressure.答案：hypertension9. The abbreviation "MRI" stands for ________.答案：magnetic resonance imaging10. The term "diabetes" refers to a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood ________ levels.答案：glucose三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. Explain the difference between a "benign" tumor and a "malignant" tumor.答案：A benign tumor is a growth that does not invade nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. It is generally not life-threatening and can often be removed surgically. In contrast, a malignant tumor is cancerous, meaning it can invade and destroy surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body through the blood and lymph systems, posing a significant health risk.2. What is the role of the spleen in the human body?答案：The spleen is an important organ in the immune system, primarily responsible for filtering blood and removing damaged cells and bacteria. It also plays a role in the production of white blood cells and the storage of platelets and red blood cells. Additionally, the spleen helps in the recycling of iron from old red blood cells.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. Discuss the importance of a balanced diet in maintaining good health.答案：A balanced diet is crucial for maintaining good health as it provides the body with the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals required for optimal functioning. Ithelps in maintaining a healthy weight, supports the immune system, promotes proper growth and development, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. A balanced diet typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, while。
考博英语词汇大全完全版
精选资料考博英大全（完整免版）adore vt．崇敬 ,advantageous a．有益的，有助的aerial adj．空中的 ,航空的 ,幻想的 , 空气的aerospace n．航空和宇宙航行空agitation n．鼓，焦badge n．徽章，baffle vt ．疑惑 , 阻挡 ,bait n．；引物v. 使生气，欺balcony n．露台；楼，楼座bald adj．的bandit n ．匪贼，盗匪，歹徒bank v．(或机 )斜n. 岸banker n．专家bankrupt adj ．破的banquet n．盛宴丰盛、豪的筵席barometer n．气 ,晴雨表baron n．大主 ,大老板barren adj．不生育的 , 不孕的 , 瘠的 , 没有果的 , 无益的 , 的 , 无聊的 , 空洞的bazaar n．市集 ,商铺集中区beetle n．甲虫；近眼的人beforehand ad.先；提早地bestow v．予，bewilder vt ．诱惑，把⋯弄糊涂bid v ．①致谢，嘱咐②出价bishop n．(基督教的 )主教bleach vt．漂白blond n ．白肤金碧眼的人blunder v ．趔趔趄趄地走, 犯大 , 做 n．愚笨之bourgeois n．中 , 商人 ,;adj. 中的 , 平凡bridegroom n ．新郎bridle v ．限制 ,阻挡bronze n．青；青制品n．青色brood n．一幼v．孵蛋，想buffalo n ．水牛；水坦克bug n．臭虫，窃听器bugle n．号；喇叭，军号bump n．撞 ,;v. 碰 ( ), 撞(破), 簸bureaucracy n．官僚政治burglar n ．夜盗，窃burner n．灯，煤气buzz vi ．(蜂等 )叫C、D 字母的cable n．缆，索；电缆；电报n．海底电报catalyst n．催化剂，促进事情发展的要素cater vi．逢迎，逢迎 , 备办食品 , 知足 (需要 )cavity n ．（牙齿等的）洞、腔cement n．水泥 ;胶粘剂censor vt．检查 ,审察 ,修改charcoal n．炭，木炭；生物炭charter n．（企业）执照，宪章chatter vi． &n. 滔滔不绝chestnut n．栗子；栗树；栗色chop n． (用斧优等 ) 砍， (风 )忽然改变方向chord n．弦 , 和音 , 情绪cigar n．雪茄烟，叶卷烟circus n．马戏；马戏团clamp n．螺丝钳clash v．矛盾，撞击clasp n．扣子 ,钩 ,紧握clatter n．得得声，卡嗒声cloak n．斗篷；覆盖 (物 ) vt. 掩饰，覆盖，掩饰clown n ．小丑 , 鲁莽愚笨的人clutch vt ．抓住 vi. 掌握，攫cock n．公鸡；雄禽；旋塞n．旋塞，开关，龙头coffin n ．棺材，柩coke n．焦炭 vt.&vi. 炼焦combustion n ．焚烧comedy n．喜剧commence v．开始，倡议commend vt．拜托给 ,介绍 , 奖励commission n ．任命状；委员会n．拜托，任命；拜托状complement n．补足物 ;(数) 余数 ;血清中的补体vt. 增补 ,补足compliment vt ．夸赞 ,表扬 ,奉承conceit n．自负，自傲concentrate v．集中 , 专心 ,浓缩concession n．退步，特许权console vt．宽慰 , 藉慰consolidate vt ．牢固 ,使结合 ,一致constituent n．成份，选区内的选民constitute vt ．构成 ,构成 ,任命constitution n ．章程 , 宪法constraint n．逼迫 ,压迫 , 拘束，紧张状态consul n．领事contend vt．宣称，主张，以为controversy n．争辩，争辩conviction 1. n ．确信，服气，坚信 2. n．定罪corrosion n ．腐化，侵害；锈corrupt vt ．行贿 a.腐败的couch n．长沙发，睡椅v.表达，措辞counsel n．商讨；忠告；律师courageous a．英勇的，无畏的courteous a．有礼貌的，谦和的courtesy n．礼貌 ,谦和 ,同意crab n．蟹，蟹肉vi. 捕蟹cradle n．摇篮，起源地crank n．曲柄，怪异的人crisp a．脆的；卷曲的crooked a．弯的，歪的；畸形的curly a．卷曲的；有卷毛的cutter n．用于切割的器材cylinder n ．圆筒；柱 (面 )；汽缸damn v．斥责datum n．资料；数据；已知数dazzle v．( 使)眼花 , 眩耀 ;n. 刺眼deafen vt．使聋；使隔音dealer n．商人，商贩；发牌者dean n．系主任decisive a．决定性的；坚决的decompose v．（使）腐化decorative a．装修的decree n．命令，法律， v ．公布命令，通告deem v．以为，视为deepen vt．加深 vt．加浓deficiency n ．缺乏 ,不足delegate n．代表deliberately ad.谨慎地，成心地denote vt．指示，意味着denounce v．谴责，告发desert vt．放弃 ,遗弃 ,逃跑dessert n．甜点心detach vt．分别 ,分遣detain v．拘禁 , 留住 , 阻挡deviate v．越轨，离开deviation n ．背叛devour v．吞食，（一口气）读完dictator n ．专制者diesel n．柴油发动机，内燃机dignity n ．尊严 ,尊贵dioxide n ．二氧化物disastrous adj．灾害性的discern v．（），看出discourse n．演 ;文disillusion n ．醒 vt.使醒dismay n．慌张，沮，气馁dispatch v．差遣，一下做完、吃完n. 快速disperse vi．分别dissipate vt．消散 ,散 ,浪dissolve vt ．vi ．溶解 , 解散distort vt ．扭曲 ,扭曲divert vt ．使向 vi. 移dizzy vt ．使昏眼花dock v ．剪短，扣除⋯的一部份dome n．屋domestic a． (物的 )非野生的，养的drain vt ．排出沟外 ,喝光 , 耗尽drainage n．排水，水dreadful a．可怕的；令人敬畏的duke n．公爵dwarf n ．侏儒，矮小的植物v ．阻挡⋯的正常育dynamo n．机echo n．回声，反应vt. 反射 (声音等 )eclipse n．（日，月），名望缺落，失vt. 惹起日 ,惹起月 ,使相形见拙editorial n ．社会；重要Egyptian a ．埃及的 n.埃及人eject v．出、逐出elbow n．肘，肘部；弯管vt. 用肘，electrode n．极；条embroidery n ．刺 ( 品),色empirical adj ．的、的enchant v．使迷醉 ,施魔法于endeavor n．努力 ,事 ,vi. ；努力endow vt．助；予，授与energize vt．使活 , 予精力 , 加 , 与 ...;vi. 使劲 ,engage vt．发挥；吸引；占用(，精力等 )entitle v．使有 ( 做某事 )entreat v．求episode n．一段情 , [音] 插曲 , 插 , 风趣的事件epoch n．元 ,划代的大事equivalent adj ．相等的 ,等的errand n．差使 ,差事escort v．送 n．送者essential a．必需的，本的a．特的；自的estate n．等 ,地evil n ．险恶；祸患n．险恶，罪恶；祸患exclamation n ．惊呼 ,惊讶词exclusive adj． (人 )古怪的， (物) 专用的exert vt．发挥 ,运用 , 施以影响expedition n ．远征 ,探险队 , 快速expel v．排出 ,开除explicit adj ．外在的 , 清楚的 , 坦直的exposition n ．阐释 ,展览会extraction n ．抽出；提取法；纲要extravagant adj．豪侈的无克制的fabrication n ．制作，构成；假造facilitate vt ．帮助 ,使简单 ,促进feminine a．女性的；女子气的fence n．栅栏 n．击剑 (术) vi. 击剑ferrous adj ．含铁的ferry n ．渡船，渡口，v．运送fertile adj ．多产的，肥饶的filament n ．灯丝，细丝filter vt ．过滤 n.滤纸filth n ．肮脏，粗语firmness n．牢固，坚定，牢固first-rate a．第一流的，优异的fission n ．裂开；分裂生殖fitness n．适应性flake n ．片，薄片；肌膈flannel n ．法兰绒；法兰绒衣服flap vt ． &n. 拍打 vi. 拍动float vi ．飘荡flock n ．群 ,一群人 ,大批 v.聚结flutter n ．摇动 , 鼓翼 , 搅扰 ;vi. 鼓翼 , 漂浮 , 悸动 , 乱跳 , 烦flux n ．变迁，不停的变化foam n．泡沫；泡沫塑料forge n．铁匠铺， v．磨炼，假造v ．（迎着困难）稳步行进forsake v．遗弃，放弃fortress n．碉堡，防守工事forum n ．争辩的场所，讲坛foul adj ．恶臭的，险恶的，v．弄脏 n．（体育等）犯规fowl n ．家禽；禽肉fragrant a．香的，芳香的frail adj ．柔弱的，不坚固的fret v． (使 )烦忧 , (使 )焦虑 , ( 使)腐化 , (使 )磨损fringe n ．（窗帘等）须边，边沿frock n ．上衣 , 外套 , 工装 , 僧衣garage n．车库；加油站n．汽车维修站；飞机库garment n．衣服；服饰，穿着generosity n．大方、大方geology n．地质学； (某地 ) 地质gigantic a．巨大的；巨人似的ginger n．姜 , 精力 ,淡赤黄色 vt. 使开朗 ,使有生气gleam n．亮光，闪光，v ．发闪光glider n 滑翔机pamphlet n．小册子panic n．惊慌，惊惶pant n．气喘；心跳vi. 气喘panther n．豹，黑豹；美洲狮pantry n．食品柜，餐具室pants n．裤子；男用短衬裤parachute n．下降伞；风散种子parade n．游行；检阅vt.炫耀 (才能等 )paralyse vt．使麻木，使瘫痪parameter n．参数 , 参量 , <口 >起限制作用的要素participant n ．参加者 a.有份的passport n．护照 n．达到目的的手段pasture n．牧场；牲口饲养patent adj．专利的 ,明显的 , 奇特的pathetic adj．惹起同情的，令人悲伤的peacock n．孔雀peak v．憔倅，消瘦peck n．啄痕 ,啄食 ,很多 ,轻吻peculiarity n ．特征；特质pedal n．踏板peddler n. 小贩，流传者pedestrian adj．徒步的，缺乏想像的古板的n．行人pedlar n．( 挨户兜销的 )小贩peel vt．剥 (皮 )，削 ( 皮) n.果皮，蔬菜皮penalty n．刑罚 ,罚款 ,报应pendulum n．摆，钟摆．penetration n．穿透，洞察力perch v．（鸟）栖息n．鲈鱼perfection n ．尽如人意；非常精准peril n ．危险perimeter n．周长 ,周界periodic n ．周期的；一准期间的perpetual adj．永远的 ,不停的perplex vt ．诱惑，疑惑，难住persevere vi．坚韧不拔；不卑不亢persistence n．坚持；连续，存留personnel n．全体人员，全体职员n．人事部门persuasion n．，服；主pertinent adj ．有关的 ,中肯的 ,切的petty adj．小的 , 不重要的 , 小模的 , 小型的 , 微的 , 小器的 , 鄙俗的photoelectric a．光的photography n．影pickle n ．腌制食品，泡菜pier n ．墩，pierce v．刺透，穿pineapple n．梨，波pirate n．海盗，抄袭者v ．盗印 ,掠piston n．活塞pitch n ．青 ,柏油 n．音 (音符之高低 )plague n．瘟疫 ,的人或物v．pluck 1. n ．猛拉 ,物内 , 奏 2. n．勇气，胆子在困眼前足智多的勇气和胆子；精子 plump adj ．丰的；鼓起的 ,坦直的 vt. 忽然放下 , 使丰 , 使鼓起plunder v ．劫 ,掠pneumatic a．空气的；气的poke v．刺 ,戳 ,嘲弄polarity n ．极端性 ,二极分化polymer n ．聚合物，多聚物porcelain n ．瓷，瓷器pore n．毛孔，气孔，孔vi. 熟 , 凝 , 想 , 深思postal a．政的，局的poultry n ．家禽prairie n ．大草原 ,牧precede v．在⋯从前 ,早于predecessor n．前任 ,先 ,从前的西predominant adj ．有力的 ,著的pregnant adj．孕的 ,充的 ,委婉的preset vt．先装置prestige n．名誉 , 声威 , 威望presumably ad.推起来，大体prevalent adj．流行的，广泛的prey n．被捕食的物,牲者prick n ．小刺 ,刺痛 v ．刺 ,拆穿prism n．棱柱 (体 )；棱prohibition n ．严禁；禁令，禁律projector n ．投影；探照灯promotion n ．促；提高；立promptly ad. 立刻propaganda n．宣；宣机构propagate vt．生殖；播，普及propagation n．生殖；播；延伸prophecy n．言，言能力prophet n．言家，先知propulsion n ．推力proverb n．，格言，箴言provision n ．供 ,（法律等）条款provoke vt ．激怒 , 惹起 ,使psychology n ．心理学 ,心理状pumpkin n ．南瓜，南瓜藤punch n．，画龙点睛, (故事 ,, 笑等中的 )妙puppy n．小狗，幼犬qualitative a ．定性的quantify vt ．确立⋯的数目quarterly a．季度的 a．季度的 ad.季度地quartz n．石英quench vt．熄 ,束 , 冷浸 ,淬火quest v． n．搜，探究radius n．( 复数 radii radiuses)范；半径raise vt．养殖；培养raisin n．葡萄干rally v ． n．招集，集合ramble vi ．闲步 ,漫 ,遨游 , 延伸ranch n．牧， v. 放牧rap v．指rapture n．狂喜，极高rascal n．流氓，棍，无rash adj．率的；莽的rattle n．浪鼓rebuke v．指，recipe n．菜，烹法；方reciprocal adj ．互相的，互惠的recognition n ．承；可reconcile vt ．使和解 ,停 ,使和 , 使遵从 ,使从 ,使一致reef n．礁，礁石，暗礁reel n．卷 , 一卷 ,跚 ,旋 ,referee n．裁判，仲裁者refinery n ．精厂，提厂refrain v ．克制，防止n．歌曲的频频句，叠句regime n．政体 , 政 , 政制度regiment n ．（）v．格控制reign n．政 ,君主治 ,治 ,支配religion n ．宗教 ,崇奉remainder n．节余物reptile n ．爬虫物 , 鄙俗的人requisite n adj．必需物，必需的reservation n．保存；定，residual adj．节余的，节余的respectable a．可敬的；人品崇高的restrain vt．克制，遏止，截止resultant a．因此发生的retail v ． n．零售retard vt ．阻碍 ,延缓 ,缓慢retort vi ．辩驳 , 回嘴 ,还击revive vi ．清醒 ,复生 ,中兴 ,恢复精神revolve vt ．&vi.( 使 )旋转ridicule n .v ．嘲讽 ,捉弄 ,笑柄rim n．边；边沿， ( 眼镜 )框rinse v．以清水冲刷，漂洗riot vi ．参加暴乱 ,尽情 ,放纵 ,挥霍ripple n ．涟漪，细浪，涟漪roam vi ．遨游；漂泊roundabout adj．绕远道的，转弯抹角的ruby n．红宝石ruthless adj．无情的 , 残忍的S字母的safeguard n．保护举措；护照salmon n．大麻哈鱼 ,鲜肉色salute n．招呼，行礼vt. 迎接，欢迎sardine n．沙丁鱼satellite n．人造卫星satisfaction n．满意；快事；补偿n．快事，乐事；快乐saturation n．饱和 (状态 ) ；浸透Saturn n．农神；土星scandal n．丑闻，歹意诋毁scar vt．使有疤痕scarcity n．缺乏，不足，冷清scarlet n．猩红色 a.猩红的scheme n．阴谋，（作品等）系统，构造scoff v ．嘲讽，风卷残云scorch v．烧焦 , 枯败scramble v．登攀，抢夺scratch vt．划破；擦伤scrub n．矮树丛，身体矮小的人v ．使劲擦洗sculpture n．雕琢seam n．缝、接缝seaport n．海港，港市n．海港，港口，港市senator n．参议员；评论员sensation n．感觉，知觉；惊动senseless a．愚笨的，无心义的sensor n．传感器，敏捷元件sequence n．次序，系列；序次sermon n．说教 ,训斥 ,布道serpent n．蛇 (尤指大蛇或毒蛇)severe adj．严格的 ,凶狠的 ,严肃的 ,朴实的shabby adj．褴褛的，鄙俗的shadowy a．有影的；阴暗的shaft n．轴 ,箭杆 ,矛, 杆状物sham v．佯装 n.伪品 adj. 虚假的shark n．鲨鱼；贪心狡猾的人shatter vt．粉碎，破裂；破坏sheriff n ．县治安官shipbuilder n. 造船专家shipwreck n ．船罹难 (出事 )shortage n．缺乏；不足shovel n．铲子、铁锨v．铲shrill adj ．尖利的、剌耳的shrimp n． (复数 shrimp(s)( 小) 虾shrine n．神龛，圣地shrub n．灌木shrug vt． vi ．耸肩siege n．包围，围攻sift v ．筛、过滤simplicity n ．简单；简略simultaneous adj．同时发生的sincerity n ．真挚，诚心；真切skeleton n．骨骼skyscraper n．摩天大楼slack n．废弛 , 静止 , 淡季 , 闲散 , 家常裤 ;adj. 废弛的 , 不流利的 , 懒散的slander v．诋毁 ,中伤slang n．俚语；行话，黑话slim a．修长的；细小的slit v ．扯破 n．裂口，裂痕slumber n． v．睡眠 ,熟睡状态smash vt．打坏，打破，粉碎smuggle v．走私，私运sneer n．冷笑，嘲讽vt. 轻视sneeze vi．打喷嚏sniff vi ．用鼻子吸vt.嗅snob n．势利的人 ,假专家snobbish adj．势利眼的snore vi．打鼾，打呼噜sociology n ．社会学sodium n．钠solidify v ．(使) 凝结 , (使) 团结 , 牢固solo adj．独自的， n．独唱souvenir n．纪念物，纪念品sovereign n．最高统治者，元者soy n．酱油；大豆，黄豆spectrum n．光 , 光谱 , 型谱spice n．香料，调味品；香气spill vt ．使溢出 n.(人) 摔下，跌下split v ． n．分裂，裂开squash v．压碎，挤压，n．南瓜squat v．蹲下， adj．矮胖的stability n ．稳固，稳固性，牢固n．坚定stagger v．踉跄，摇摆stainless a．贞洁的；不锈的stalk v．暗中追踪stammer v．口吃，结巴standardize vt．使与标准比较steak n．大块牛肉；牛排stem n（植物的）茎，叶柄，v．阻挡，截止（水流等）stereo n．立体声 a.立体声的stern n．船尾stew vt．炖 vi. 炖着 n.炖肉stitch n．（缝纫时的）一针，一钩v．缝合storage n．储藏；库房strait n．海峡，窘境streamline a．流线型的strip v ．脱衣，剥夺n.条带stroll v ．闲步，闲逛stubborn adj．固执的 ,不听话的 ,固执的 ,棘手的subsidiary adj ．补贴的 ,次要的 ,津贴的subtle adj．奇妙的；精良的successor n．继承人，继任者suffice v ．足够，（食品）知足sullen adj．愠怒的 , 沉沉不乐的 , (天气等 )阴森的summon vt ．招集 ,呼吁；鼓起 (勇气 );( 法律 )传唤出庭supersonic a．超声的，超声速的superstition n ．迷信，盲目惧怕supplement n．增补物 ,增刊 ,增补sweeten vt．使变甜 vi. 变甜sweetness n．甜蜜；新鲜；平和tabulate vt．制表；列表显示tack n．大头钉，图钉tact n．机智，圆滑tactics n．策略；战术，兵法tease vt．逗乐，捉弄，强求telex n．电传，用户电报tempt vt ．诱惑，吸引terrace n．一层梯田，露台terrorism n. 恐惧主义theater n.剧场，阶梯教室theorem n．定理；原理，原则thermal adj ．热的 , 热量的thigh n ．大腿thorough a．完整的thrash v．鞭打，乱蹦乱跳tickle n ．搔 , 胳肢 , 发痒 ;vt. 胳肢 , 逗笑 , 使快乐 , 使发痒 ;v tighten vt ． &vi.( 使 )变紧tile n ．瓦片 , 瓷砖tilt v ．（使）倾斜n．倾斜，斜坡toad n．蟾蜍，癞哈蟆torment n．悲伤 vt. 摧残torpedo n．鱼雷 , 油井爆破筒 ;v. 用鱼雷攻击 , 损坏torque n．转矩，项圈track n．轨道；路径；进度，一片土地；地带，vt. 追踪 (察看 ) tragic a．惨剧性的，凄惨的tramp v．重步走，长途跋涉tranquil adj ．寂静的，寂静的tread n．步伐，轮胎纹trench n．沟，壕沟tribute n ．贡物；颂词trolley n ．手推车；无轨电车troop vi ．成群而行tropic n ．热带地域；回归线trot vi ． &n.( 马) 小跑，慢跑tug vi ．使劲拖 n.猛拉，拖tulip n ．郁金香tuna n．金枪鱼turtle n．海龟，玳瑁；甲鱼肉twist vi ．旋转tyranny n ．暴政 , 苛政 , 专治tyrant n．暴君，残暴之人U/V/W/X/Y/Zultrasonic a．超声的 n.超声波ultraviolet a ．紫外的 n.紫外线辐射unanimous adj．全体建议一致的unpaid a．未付的；不支薪资的untie vt ．解开，松开；解放uproar n．喧哗 ,骚乱uranium n．铀utensil n ．工具，（厨房）器具vaccinate vt． vi ．预防接种valve n．活门，阀门vault n ．窖 ,地下室 ,撑竿跳 ,圆顶vengeance n．报仇，报复ventilate vt ．使空气流通 ,使通风 ,宣布 ,公然verge v．濒临 ;n. 边沿versatile adj．多才多艺的 ,万用的 ,万向的vicinity n ．邻近，靠近vicious adj ．险恶的 ,堕落的 ,品性不端的viscous adj．粘滞的，粘性的vision n ．视力；视觉volunteer n ．志愿者 vt.志愿vow vt ．起誓要做；郑重地宣布vulgar adj ．俗气的 ,俗气的 ,本地的 ,平常的 ,一般的wag n．摇摆 ,小丑walnut n ．胡桃，核桃树wardrobe n．衣橱 ,衣室 ,所有衣服warrant vt ．保证 , 辩白 ,使有正当原因 ,同意wasp n．黄蜂，蚂蜂watertight a ．不漏水的，防水的watery a．水的；湿的；无聊的weaver n．织布工，编织者wharf n ．码头wield v ．支配，掌权willow n ．柳树windmill n ．风车witty a ．机智的；幽默的woe n．沉痛，磨难woodpecker n．啄木鸟wrath n．愤慨，震怒wrench v．扭，拧， n．板钳，板手yacht n．风帆，游艇yearn v．期望，期望yeast n．酵母，喜悦yolk n ．蛋黄。
考博英语-553
考博英语-553(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Ⅱ Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could ______.（分数：1.00）A.hear somebody mournB.hear somebody mourning √C.hear somebody mournedD.hear somebody had been mourning解析：hear somebody doing something听见……正在做……。
2.Please ______ if you ever come to Sydney.（分数：1.00）A.look at meB.look me up √C.look me outD.look to me解析：look up 意思是“看望”，符合题意。
look at看着；look out留神，照料；look to照看，指望。
3.The cargo box has a label ______ on it. Please handle it with care.（分数：1.00）A.A . "flexible"B."break"C."fragile" √D."stiff"解析：“fragile”易碎的，脆的；A．“flexible”灵活的，柔软的；B．“break”暂停，打破；D．“stiff”僵硬的，呆板的。
4.The index of industrial production ______ last year.（分数：1.00）A.raised up by 4 per centB.rose up with 4 per centC.arose up with 4 per centD.went up by 4 per cent √解析：go up上升，增长；表示增加的百分数用介词“by”。
考博英语词汇大全完全版
考博英语词汇大全完全版XXX in the air。
such as XXX is the term for space XXX is a platform outside of a building。
Bald means having no hair on the head。
A XXX。
and a XXX insect。
and someone who is nearsightedXXX means to give or grant。
To bewilder means to confuse or perplex。
To bid can mean to offer a price or to give a command。
A bishop is a XXX to the middle class。
and a bridegroom XXX is a metal alloy。
and a brood can refer to a group of XXX is a type of animal。
and a bug can be an XXX is a type of horn。
and to bump means to collide or hit。
Bureaucracy refers to a system of government with many rules and XXX cooking。
and to buzz means to make a humming sound。
Cable can XXX。
XXX is a building material。
and to censor means to review and edit。
Charcoal is a type of fuel made from wood or other organic materials.Curly refers to something that is curled or has curls。
武汉大学考博英语-9
武汉大学考博英语-9(总分：86.50，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Reading Comprehension(总题数：4，分数：31.50)The geology of the Earth"s surface is dominated by the particular properties of water. Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transports, and precipitates many chemical compounds and is constantly modifying the face of the Earth.Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported by wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the water trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting what is called the hydrographic network. This immense polarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy by running from high altitudes toward the reference point that is sea level.The rate at which a molecule of water passes through the cycle is not random but is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the average time for a water molecule to pass through one of the three reservoirs--atmosphere, continent, and ocean--we see that the times are very different. A water molecule stays, on an average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water transport on the continents.A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the continents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimes soils are destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.（分数：8.00）(1).According to the passage, clouds are primarily formed by water ______.（分数：2.00）A.precipitating onto the groundB.changing from a solid to a liquid stateC.evaporating from the oceans √D.being carried by wind解析：根据短文，云层主要是靠海洋中的水蒸发而成的。
考博英语高频词汇解析wf
考博英语高频词汇解析01career [ka 'ria(r)] n./adj./v.n.生涯；职业；事业；速度，全速adj.作为毕生职业的v.全速前进，猛冲一.常用搭配career advancement 职业晋升Professional career 职业生涯二.例句Getting a job in marketing was a good career move.找份市场营销的工作是一个不错的职业选择。
The runaway car careered into a bench, hitting an elderly couple 那辆失控的车猛冲到一条长椅上，撞伤了一对老夫妇。
It is our client's contention that the fire was an accident..我们当事人的看法是这场火灾属于意外。
拓展：同:consumer, customer, user派：clientele客户；诉讼委托人cliff [klif] n.n.悬崖，峭壁例句：They made their way in single file along thecliff path.他们一个接着一个沿悬崖小径前进。
They lowered him down the cliff on a rope.他们用绳索把他放下悬崖。
拓展：同：precipice, escarpment派：cliffy陡峭的;多悬崖的climax ['klaimaeks] n./v.n.高潮，极点，顶点v.达成（或形成）极点常用搭配:climax with/in sth.达成（或形成）极点例句:The business in hand was approaching some kind of climax.手头的生意似乎快到紧要关头了。
The festival will climax on Sunday with a gala concert.星期天的音乐盛会将把这次会演推向高潮。
全国医学考博英语试题
2014MD全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答题须知1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。
2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。
3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。
书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。
4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。
5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。
国家医学考试中心PAPER ONEPart 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%）Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers,At the end of each conversation, you willhear a question about what is said, Thequestion will be read only once, After youhear the question, read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose thebest answers and mark the letter of yourchoice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following exampleYou will hearWoman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.Question: What’s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B C DNow let’s begin with question Number 1.1.A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pintsC. About 4 pintsD. About 7 pints2.A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work.C. Take some sleeping pills.D. Work harder to forget all her troubles.3.A. He has no complaints about the doctor.B. He won’t complain anything.C. He is in good condition.D. He couldn’t be worse.4.A. She is kidding.B. She will get a raise.C. The man will get a raise.D. The man will get a promotion.5.A. Her daughter likes ball games.B. Her daughter is an exciting child.C. She and her daughter are good friends.D. She and her daughter don’t always understand each other.6.A. She hurt her uncle.B. She hurt her ankle.C. She has a swollen toe.D. She needs a minor surgery.7.A. John likes gambling.B. John is very fond of his new boss.C. John has ups and downs in the new company.D. John has a promising future in the new company.8.A. She will get some advice from the front desk.B. She will undergo some lab tests.C. She will arrange an appointment.D. She will get the test results.9.A. She’s an odd character.B. She is very picky.C. She is easy-going.D. She likes fashions.10.A. At a street corner.B. In a local shop.C. In a ward.D. In a clinic.11.A. Sea food. B. Dairy products.C. Vegetables and fruits.D. Heavyfoods.12.A. He is having a good time.B. He very much likes his old bicycle.C. He will buy a new bicycle right away.D. He would rather buy a new bicycle later.13.A. It is only a cough.B. It’s a minor illness.C. It started two weeks ago.D. It’s extremely serious.14.A. The woman is too optimistic about the stock market.B. The woman will even lose more money at the stock market.C. The stock market bubble will continue to grow.D. The stock market bubble will soon meet its demise.15.A. The small pills should be taken once a day before sleep.B. The yellow pills should be taken once a day before supper.C. The white pills should be taken once a day before breakfast.D. The large round pills should be taken three times a day after meals.Section BDirection: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after eachof which, you will hear five questions.After each question, read the fourpossible answers marked A, B, C and D,Choose the best answer and mark the letterof your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Dialogue16.A. Because he had difficulty swallowing it.B. Because it was upsetting his stomach.C. Because he was allergic to it.D. Because it was too expensive.17.A. He can’t play soccer any more.B. He has a serious foot problem.C. He needs an operation.D. He has cancer.18.A. A blood transfusion.B. An allergy test.C. A urine test.D. A biopsy.19.A. To see if he has cancer. B. To see if he has depression.C. To see if he requires surgery.D. To see if he has a food allergy problem.20.A. Relieved.B. Anxious.C. Angry.D. Depressed.Passage One21.A. The cause of COPD.B. Harmful effects of smoking.C. Men more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.D. Women more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.22.A. 954.B. 955.C. 1909.D. 1955.23.A. On May 18 in San Diego. B. On May 25 in San Diego.C. On May 18 in San Francisco.D. On May 25 in San Francisco.24.A. When smoking exposure is high.B. When smoking exposure is low.C. When the subjects received medication.D. When the subjects stopped smoking.25.A. Hormone differences in men and women.B. Genetic differences between men and women.C. Women’s active metabolic rate.D. Women’s smaller airways.Passage Two26.A. About 90,000.B. About 100,000.C. Several hundreds.D. About 5,000.27.A. Warning from Goddard Space Flight Center.B. Warning from the Kenyan health ministry.C. Experience gained from the 1997 outbreak.D. Proper and prompt Aid from NASA.28.A. Distributing mosquito nets.B. Persuading people not to slaughter animals.C. Urging people not to eat animals.D. Dispatching doctors to the epidemic-strickenarea.29.A. The higher surface temperatures in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean.B. The short-lived mosquitoes that were the hosts of the viruses.C. The warm and dry weather in the Horn of Africa.D. The heavy but intermittent rains.30.A. Warning from NASA.B. How to treat Rift Valley fever.C. The disastrous effects of Rift Valley fever.D. Satellites and global health –remote diagnosis.Part II Vocabulary (10%)Section ADirection: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases,marked A B C and D .are given beneatheach of them. You are to choose theword or phrase that best completes thesentence. Then mark your answer on theANSWER SHEET.31.A good night’s sleep is believed to help slow the stomach’s emptying, produce a smoother, less abrupt absorption of sugar, and will better __________ brain metabolism.A. regulateB. activateC. retainD. consolidate32.The explosion and the oil spill below the surface of the Gulf of Mexico left my mind in such a ________ that I couldn’t get to sleep.A. catastropheB. boycottC. turmoilD. mentality33.Coronary heart attacks occur more commonly in those with high blood pressure, in the obese, in cigarette smokers, and in those _________ to prolonged emotional and mental strain.A. sympatheticB. ascribedC. preferableD. subjected34.Most colds are acquired by children in school and then ___________ to adults.A. conveyedB. transmittedC. attributedD. relayed35.Several of the most populous nations in the world ________ at the lower end of the table of real GDP per capita last year.A. fluctuatedB. languishedC. retardedD. vibrated36.Presently this kind of anti-depressant is still in clinical _______, even though the concept has been around since 1900s.A. trialsB. applicationsC. implicationsD. endeavors37.Studies revealed that exposure to low-level radiation for a long time may weaken the immune system, ________ aging, and cause cancer.A. haltB. postponeC. retardD. accelerate38.The mayor candidate’s personality traits, being modest and generous, _______ people in his favor before the election.A. predisposedB. presumedC. presidedD. pressured39.With its graceful movements and salubrious effects on health, Tai Chi has a strong ________ to a vast multitude of people.A. flavorB. thrillC. appealD. implication40.If you are catching a train, it is always better to be _______ early than even a fraction of a minute too late.A. infinitelyB. temporarilyC. comfortablyD. favorablySection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There arefour words or phrases beneath eachsentence, Choose the word or phrase whichcan best keep the meaning of the originalsentence if it is substituted for theunderlined part, Mark your answer on theANSWER SHEET.41.All Nobel Prize winners’ success is a process of long-term accumulation, in which lasting efforts are indispensable.A. irresistibleB. cherishedC. inseparableD. requisite42.The Queen’s presence imparted an air of elegance to the drinks reception at Buckingham Palace in London.A. bestowedB. exhibitedC. imposedD. emitted43.Physicians are clear that thyroid dysfunction ismanifest in growing children in the form of mental and physical retardation.A. intensifiedB. apparentC. representativeD. insidious44.The mechanism that the eye can accommodate itself to different distances has been applied to automatic camera, which marks a revolutionary technique advance.A. yieldB. amplifyC. adaptD. cast45.Differences among believers are common; however, it was the pressure of religious persecution that exacerbated their conflicts and created the split of the union.A. eradicatedB. deterioratedC. vanquishedD. averted46.When Picasso was particularly poor, he might have tried to obliterate the original composition by painting over it on canvases. A. duplicate B. eliminate C. substitute D. compile47.For the sake of animal protection, environmentalists deplored the construction program of a nuclear power station.A. disapprovedB. despisedC. demolishedD. decomposed48.Political figures in particular are held to very strict standards of marital fidelity.A. loyaltyB. moralityC. qualityD. stability49.The patient complained that his doctor had beennegligent in not giving him a full examination.A. prudentB. ardentC. carelessD. brutal50.She has been handling all the complaints without wrath for a whole morning.A. furyB. chaosC. despairD. agonyPart III Cloze (10%)Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank,there are four choices marked A, B, C, andD on the right side. Choose the best answerand mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.For years, scientists have been warning us that the radiation from mobile phones is detrimental to our health, without actually having any evidence to back these __51__ up.However, research now suggests that mobile phone radiation has at least one positive side effect: it can help prevent Alzheimer’s, __52__ in the mice that acted as test subjects.It’s been suspected, though never proven, that heavy use of mobile phones is bad for your health. It’s thought that walking around witha cellphone permanently attached to the sideof your head is almost sure to be __53__ your brain. And that may well be true, but I’d rather wait until it’s proven before giving up that part of my daily life.But what has now been proven, in a veryperfunctory manner, is that mobile phone radiation can have an effect on your brain. __54__ in this case it was a positive rather than negative effect.According to BBC news, the Florida Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center conducted a study on 96 mice to see if the radiation given off by mobile phones could affect the onset of Alzheimer’s.Some of the mice were “genetically altered to develop beta-amyloid plaques in their brains” __55__ they aged. These are a marker of Alzheimer’s. all 96 mice were then “exposed to the electro-magnetic __56__ generated by a standard phone for two one-hour periods each day for seven to nine months.”The lucky things.__57__ the experiment showed that the mice altered to be predisposed to dementia were protected from the disease if exposed before the onset of the illness. Their cognitive abilities were so unimpaired as to be virtually __58__ to the mice not genetically altered in any way.Unfortunately, although the results are positive, the scientists don’t actually know why exposure to mobile phone radiation has this effect. But it’s hoped that further study and testing could result in a non-invasive __59__ for preventing and treating Alzheimer’s disease.Autopsies carried out on the mice also concluded no ill-effects of their exposure to the radiation. However, the fact that the radiation prevented Alzheimer’s means mobile phones __60__ our brains and bodies in ways not yet explored. And it’s sure there are negative as well as this one positive.51. A. devicesB. risksC. phenomenaD. claims52. A. at leastB. at mostC. as ifD. as well53. A. blockingB. cookingC. exhaustingD. cooling54. A. ExceptB. EvenC. DespiteD. Besides55. A. untilB. whenC. asD. unless56. A. rangeB. continuumC. spectrumD. field57. A. ReasonablyB. ConsequentlyC. AmazinglyD. Undoubtedly58. A. identicalB. beneficialC. preferableD. susceptible59. A. effortB. methodC. huntD. account60. A. do affectB. did affectC. is affectingD. could have affectedPart IV Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions:In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed byfive questions. For each question thereare four possible answers marked A, B, C,and D. Choose the best answer and mark theletter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage oneI have just returned from Mexico, where I visited a factory making medical masks. Faced with fierce competition, the owner has cut his costs by outsourcing some of his production. Scores of people work for him in their homes, threading elastic into masks by hand. They are paid below the minimum wage, with no job security and nohealthcare provision.Users of medical masks and other laboratory gear probably give little thought to where their equipment comes from. That needs to change. A significant proportion of these products are made in the developing world by low-paid people with inadequate labor rights. This leads to human misery on a tremendous scale.Take lab coats. Many are made in India, where most cotton farmers are paid an unfair price for their crops and factory employees work illegal hours for poor pay.One-fifth of the world’s surgical instruments are made in northern Pakistan. When I visited the area a couple of years ago I found most workers toiling 12 hours a day, seven days a week, for less than a dollar a day, exposed to noise, metal dust and toxic chemicals. Thousands of children, some as young as 7, work in the industry.To win international contracts, factory owners must offer rock-bottom prices, and consequently drive down wages and labor conditions as far as they can. We laboratory scientists in the developed world may unwittingly be encouraging this: we ask how much our equipment will cost, but which of us asks who made it and how much they were paid?This is no small matter. Science is supposed to benefit humanity, but because of the conditions under which their tools are made, may scientists may actually be causing harm.What can be done? A knee-jerk boycott of unethical goods is not the answer; it would just make things worse for workers in those manufacturing zones. What we need is to start asking suppliers to be transparent about where and how their products are manufactured and urge them to improve their manufacturing practices.It can be done. Many universities are committed to fair trade in the form of ethically sourced tea, coffee or bananas. That model should be extended to laboratory goods.There are signs that things are moving. Over the past few years I have worked with health services in the UK and in Sweden. Both have recently instituted ethical procurement practices. If science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit.61. From the medical masks to lab coats, the author is trying to tell us ________.A. the practice of occupational protection in the developing worldB. the developing countries plagued by poverty and disease.C. the cheapest labor in the developing countries.D. the human misery behind them.62. The concerning phenomenon the author hasobserved, according to the passage, ________.A. is nothing but the repetition of the miserable history.B. could have been even exaggerated.C. is unfamiliar to the wealthy west.D. is prevailing across the world.63. The author argues that when researchers in thewealthy west buy the tools of their trade, they should ___________.A. have the same concern with the developing countries.B. be blind to their sources for the sake of humanityC. pursue good bargains in the international market.D. spare a thought for how they were made.64. A proper course of action suggested by theauthor is ___________.A. to refuse to import the unethical goods from the developing world.B. to ask scientists to tell the truth as the prime value of their work.C. to urge the manufacturers to address the immoral issues.D. to improve the transparency of international contracts.65. By saying at the end of the passage that if science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit, the author means that ___________.A. the scientific community should stand up for all humanityB. the prime value of scientists’ work is to tell the truth.C. laboratory goods also need to be ethically sourced.D. because of science, there is hope for humanity.Passage twoA little information is a dangerous thing. A lot of information, if it’s inaccurate or confusing, even more so. This is a problem for anyone trying to spend or invest in an environmentally sustainable way. Investors are barraged with indexes purporting to describe companies’eco-credentials, some of dubious quality. Green labels on consumer products are ubiquitous, but their claims are hard to verify.The confusion is evident form New Scientist’s analysis of whether public perceptions of companies’green credentials reflect reality. It shows that many companies considered “green”have done little to earn that reputation, while others do not get sufficient credit for their efforts to reduce their environmental impact. Obtaining better information is crucial, because decisions by consumers and big investors will help propel us towards a green economy.At present, it is too easy to make unverified claims. Take disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions, for example. There are voluntary schemes such as the Carbon Disclosure Project, but little scrutiny of the figures companies submit, which means investors may be misled.Measurements can be difficult to interpret, too, like those for water sue. In this case, context is crucial: a little from rain-soakedIreland is not the same as a little drawn from the Arizona desert.Similar problems bedevil “green”labels attached to individual products. Here, the computer equipment rating system developed by the Green Electronics Council shows the way forward. Its criteria come from the IEEE, the world’s leading professional association for technology/ Other schemes, such as the “sustainability index” planned by US retail giant Walmart, are broader. Developing rigorous standards for a large number of different types of product will be tough, placing a huge burden on the academic-led consortium that is doing the underlying scientific work.Our investigation also reveals that many companies choose not to disclose data. Some will want to keep it that way. This is why we need legal requirements for full disclosure of environmental information, with the clear message that the polluter will eventually be required to pay. Then market forces will drive companies to clean up their acts.Let’s hope we can rise to this challenge. Before we can have a green economy we need a green information economy – and it’s the quality of information, as well as its quantity, that will count.66. “The confusion” at the beginning of the 2nd paragraph refers to ________.A. where to spend or invest in a sustainable wayB. an array of consumer products to chooseC. a fog of unreliable green informationD. little information on eco-credibility67. From the New Scientist’s analysis it can be inferred that in many cases ________.A. eco-credibility is abusedB. a green economy is crucialC. an environmental impact is lessenedD. green credentials promote green economy68. From unverified claims to difficult measurements and then to individual products, the author argues that ________.A. eco-credibility is a game between scientists and manufacturesB. neither scientists nor manufactures are honestC. it is vital to build a green economyD. better information is critical69. To address the issue, the author is crying for ________.A. transparent corporate managementB. establishing sustainability indexesC. tough academic-led surveillanceD. strict legal weapons70. Which of the following can be the best inference from the last paragraph?A. The toughest challenge is the best opportunity.B. It is time for another green revolution.C. Information should be free for all.D. No quantity, no quality.Passage ThreePeople are extraordinarily skilled at spotting cheats –much better than they are detecting rule-breaking that does not involve cheating. A study showing just how good we are at this adds weight to the theory that our exceptional brainpower arose through evolutionary pressures to acquire specific cognitive skills.The still-controversial idea that humans have specialized decision-making systems in addition to generalized reasoning has been around for decades. Its advocates point out that the ability to identify untrustworthy people should be favored evolutionarily, since cheats risk undermining the social interactions in which people trade goods or services for mutual benefit.The test whether we have a special ability to reason about cheating, Leda Cosmides, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and her colleagues used a standard psychological test called the Wason selection task, which tests volunteers’ ability to reason about “if/then” statements.The researchers set up scenarios in which they asked undergraduate volunteers to imagine they were supervising workers sorting appliances for admission to two schools; a good one in a district where school taxes are high, and a poor one in an equally wealthy, but lightly taxed district. The hypothetical workers were supposed to follow a rule that specified “if a student is admitted tothe good school”, they must live in the highly taxed district.Half the time, the test subjects were told that the workers had children of their own applying to the schools, thus having a motive to cheat; the rest of the time they were told the workers were merely absent-minded and sometimes made innocent errors. Then the test subjects were asked how they would verify that the workers were not breaking the rule.Cosmides found that when the “supervisors”thought they were checking for innocent errors, just 9 of 33, or 27 percent, got the right answer –looking for a student admitted to the good school who did not live in the highly taxed district. In contrast, when the supervisors thought they were watching for cheats, they did much better, with 23 of 34, or 68 percent, getting the right answer.This suggests that people are, indeed, more adept at spotting cheat than at detecting mere rule-breaking, Cosmides said. “Any cues that it’s just an innocent mistake actually inactivate the detection mechanism.”Other psychologists remain skeptical of this conclusion. “If you want to conclude that therefore there’s a module in the mind for detecting cheaters, I see zero evidence for that,”says Steven Sloman, a cognitive scientists at Brown University in Province, Rhode Island. “It’s certainly possible that it’s something welearned through experience. There’s no evident that it’s anything innate.”71. The findings of the study were in favor of ____________.A. the highly developed skills of cheating at schoolB. the relation between intelligence and evolutionC. the phenomenon of cheating at schoolD. the human innate ability to cheat72. The test “supervisors” appeared to be more adept at ________.A. spotting cheats than detecting mere rule-breakingB. detecting mere rule-breaking than spotting cheatsC. spotting their own children cheating than others doing itD. detecting cheats in the highly taxed district than in the lightly taxed one73. When she says that …that can’t be the only thing going on in the mind, Cosmides most probably implies that ________.A. cheating is highly motivated in the social interactionsB. our specific cognitive skills can serve an evolutionary purposeC. there is no such a mental thing as a specialized decision-making systemD. the ability to identify untrustworthy people should be favored evolutionary74. In response to Cosmides’claim, Sloman would say that ________.A. it was of great possibilityB. it could be misleadingC. it was unbelievableD. it’s acquired75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A. Cheating at SchoolB. Cheating as the Human NatureC. Imaginary Intelligence and CheatingD. Intelligence Evolved to Root Out Cheats Passage FourFor many environmentalists, all human influence on the planet is bad. Many natural scientists implicitly share this outlook. This is not unscientific, but it can create the impression that greens and environmental scientists are authoritarian tree-huggers who value nature above people. That doesn’t play well with mainstream society, as the apparent backlash against climate science reveals.Environmentalists need to find a new story to tell. Like it or not, we now live in the anthropocene (人类世) –an age in which humans are perturbing many of the planet’s natural systems, from the water cycle to the acidity of the oceans. We cannot wish that away; we must recognize it and manage our impacts.Johan Rockstrom, head of the Stockholm Environment Institute in Sweden, and colleagueshave distilled recent research on how Earth systems work into a list of nine “planetary boundaries”that we must stay within to live sustainably. It is preliminary work, and many will disagree with where the boundaries are set. But the point is to offer a new way of thinking about our relationship with the environment – a science-based picture that accepts a certain level of human impact and even allows us some room to expand. The result is a breath of fresh air: though we are already well past three of the boundaries, we haven’t trashed the place yet.It is in the same spirit that we also probe the basis for key claims in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s 2007 report on climate impacts. This report has been much discussed since our revelations about its unsubstantiated statement on melting Himalayan glaciers. Why return to the topic? Because there is a sense that the IPCC shares the same anti-human agenda and, as a result, is too credulous of unverified numbers. While the majority of the report is assuredly rigorous, there is no escaping the fact that parts of it make claims that go beyond the science.For example, the chapter on Africa exaggerates a claim about crashes in farm yields, and also highlights projections of increased water stress in some regions while ignoring projections in the same study that point to reduced water stress in other regions. There errors are not trifling. They are among the report’s headline conclusions.。
上海交通大学考博英语：考博英语词汇复习之基础部分
上海交通大学考博英语：考博英语词汇复习之基础部分Uultimate最后的，最终的The war ended for us in～victoryunanimous全体一致的，一致同意的They are～in asking for a rise in pay uncover揭开，揭露～a dish of foodunderestimate低估～the difficulties of the taskundergo经历，遭受，忍受～much sufferingunderline在……下划线，强调Please translate the～d sentences in the passageunderlie位于……之下Many facts～my decisionundermine在……下挖;暗中破坏～a wallundertake着手做，从事～an attackundesirable不合意的，不受欢迎的The drug has～side effectsuneasy心神不宁的，不安宁的be～uneasy about the futureunfold展开，打开～a newspaperuniform不变的，相同的，均匀，统一的a～temperatureunify使成一体，统一become a unified nationupdate更新，使现代化～a textbookupgrade提高，使升级，改善～products and servicesuphold举起，高举He upheld his clenched handupright挺直的，垂直的an～seatuproar骚乱，骚动The public～over unclear-radiation hazards continues to mountupset弄翻，打翻I’ve～a tin of paint on the carpetup-to-date时新的，新式的，现代化的They are～on recent developments inthe world computer industryurge推进，鼓励The president,～d on by his staff,has decided to attend the talksurgent紧迫的，紧要的He left the country on～businessutilize利用～solar energyutter发出（声音等），说，吐露～the truthVvacant未被占用的a～seat in a busvague含糊的，不明确的，模糊的a～answer examdavain徒劳的，无效的～effortsvalid有根据的a～excusevalue价值I was offered50pounds for my old car but its～is much higher vanish突然消失，逐渐消散With a wave of his hand,the magician made the rabbitveil面纱，面罩Jewish women wore～s in token of reverence and submission ventilate使通风，使空气流通～a roomventure冒险，冒险行动，投机行动take a～in oilverge边，边缘，边沿the～of a streamverify证明，证实Subsequent events verified my suspicionsversatile多才多艺的a～manversus诉讼，竞赛等中以……为对手The match tonight is China～Japan vertical垂直的，立式的a～engineveto否决，否决权，否决权的行使The rest of the committee could not accept the～vibrate使震动，使摆动His heavy footsteps upstairs made the old house～vicious邪恶的，恶毒的，凶残的lead a～lifevigor体力，精力，活力in the～of manhoodviolate违反，违背～the traffic regulationsvirtual实际上的，事实上的the～manager of the businessvirtue美德，德行Among her many～s are loyalty,courage,and truthfulness visible看得见的，可见的a ship barely～on the horizonvision视力，视觉～carevital有生命力的The heart is a～organvivid鲜艳的the～green of leaves in springvoid空的a～spacevolunteer志愿者，自愿参加者Are there any～s for a swim?vote投票，表决bring sth to a voteWwage工资，报酬What is your weekly～?wake醒来，醒着，唤醒He spends all his waking hours workingwaken醒来，睡醒He wakened when the alarm soundedwander漫步，徘徊He～ed homeward病房a4-bed～warrant授权，批准，正当理由，根据He had no～for his action waterproof不透水的，防水的～materialway方法，方式Do it your own waywear穿，戴～diamondsweary疲倦的，疲劳的a～lookweave织，编，编制～clothwedge楔子，三角木Please put a～in the door so that it will stay open weed杂草，野草My garden is running to～sweep哭泣，流泪～for one’s failureweigh称……重量，称～oneself on the scalesweld焊接，煅接It takes speed to～steel at this heatwhirl旋转，急转The couples～ed round the dance floor examda whisper低语，耳语，轻声说～to sbwhistle吹口哨，鸣笛The train～dwhitewash粉饰wholesome有益于健康的～surroundingswicked坏的，邪恶的，淘气的，恶作剧的～habitswind绕，缠The snake wound around a branchwire金属丝，金属线steel～withdraw抽回，收回，提取She withdrew her eyes from the terrible sight withhold使停止，阻挡be obliged to～one’s penwithstand经受，承受～hardshipswitness目击者，见证人a～of the accidentwonder奇迹the Seven Wonders of the World in ancient timesworship崇拜，崇敬the～of the dollarworth值……钱a house～50,000poundswrap包，裹～oneself in a blanketwreck失事，遇难a train～wrench扳手He is a～.wrinkle皱，皱纹He will wore the～s of anxiety on his forehead.write写，写字，写信，写作She～s to me every other week.Xerox静电复印（法），静电复印件，静电复印机Make me a～of this report本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
2023年考博英语真题及答案
2023考博英语真题及答案PART 1 TRANSLATION (Chinese to English )1.为了减缓交通，提高空气质量，北京公布了新的交通规章。
To relieve the traffic and improve the air quality, new traffic regulations have been issued in Beijing.考点一：减缓交通(relieve the traffic)考点二：公布(issue)2.有牢靠的证据说明，日光暴晒与皮肤癌之间有联系。
(evidence) There is convincing evidence of a link between exposure to sunlight and skin cancer.考点一：日光曝晒(exposure to sunlight)考点二：“皮肤癌”一词的翻译3.虽然他深知吸烟有害安康，但他对我们要他戒烟的忠告却置若罔闻。
(aware)Tough he is aware that smoking is harmful to health, he is always turning a deaf ear to our advice that he give up smoking.考点一：be aware of 的用法考点二：be harmful to 的用法考点三：对置若罔闻(turn a deaf ear to)4.科学家们不负众望，胜利放射了一枚人造卫星。
(live)The scientists successfully launched a man-made satellite, living up to peoples expectation.考点一：不负众望(live up to peoples expectation)考点二：放射卫星(launch a satellite)5.那场大雾直到11点钟才散去，延误了好几十个航班。
中国矿业大学考博英语真题及其精解
中国矿业⼤学考博英语真题及其精解中国矿业⼤学考博英语真题及其精解Directions:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order forQuestions41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs intoa coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in eachnumbered box.The first and the last paragraphs have been placed foryou in Boxes.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)[A]“I just don’t know how to motivate them to do a better job.We’re in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewardsat my disposal.In fact,we’ll probably have to lay some people offin the near future.It’s hard for me to make the job interesting andchallenging because it isn’t—it’s boring,routine paperwork,andthere isn’t much you can do about it.[B]“Finally,I can’t say to them that their promotions willhinge on the excellence of their paperwork.First of all,they knowit’s not true.If their performance is adequate,most are more likelyto get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of yearsthan for some specific outstanding act.Second,they were trained todo the job they do out in the streets,not to fill out forms.Allthrough their career it is the arrests and interventions that getnoticed.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jiexi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liuliu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu sanqi.[C]“I’ve got a real problem with my officers.They come on theforce as young,inexperienced men,and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a heat.They seem to like the contact they have with the public,the action involved in crime prevention,and the apprehension of criminals.They also like helping people out at fires, accidents,and other emergencies.[D]“Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion.However,we know that’s not fair—too many other things are involved.Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court,but good paperwork doesn’t necessarily mean you’ll win.We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports,but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly.No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition,and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff.”[E]“The problem occurs when they get back to the station.They hate to do the paperwork,and because they dislike it,the job is frequently put off or done inadequately.This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court.We need clear,factualreports.They must be highly detailed and unambiguous.As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect,the rest of the report is suspect.Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.[F]“So I just don’t know what to do.I’ve been groping in the dark in a number of years.And I hope that this seminar will shed somelight on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.”[G]A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators,managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city.At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation—how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job.The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.Order:G4142434445F答案详解41.【解析】[C]按照答题步骤，我们⾸先应当对已知信息进⾏研读，即阅读⾸尾段，归纳语篇的基本结构，找出答题的线索。
博士考试试题及答案英语
博士考试试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The correct spelling of the word "phenomenon" is:A. fenomenonB. phenomonC. phenominonD. phenomenon答案：D2. Which of the following is not a verb?A. to runB. to jumpC. to flyD. flight答案：D3. The phrase "break the ice" means:A. to start a conversationB. to stop a conversationC. to make a decisionD. to end a conversation答案：A4. The opposite of "positive" is:A. negativeB. optimisticC. pessimisticD. positive答案：A5. Which of the following is not a preposition?A. inB. onC. atD. is答案：D6. The word "perspective" can be used to describe:A. a point of viewB. a physical locationC. a mathematical calculationD. a scientific experiment答案：A7. The phrase "a piece of cake" is used to describe something that is:A. difficultB. boringC. easyD. expensive答案：C8. The verb "to accommodate" means:A. to refuseB. to ignoreC. to provide space or servicesD. to argue答案：C9. The word "meticulous" is an adjective that describes someone who is:A. lazyB. carelessC. very careful and preciseD. confused答案：C10. The phrase "to go viral" refers to:A. to become sickB. to spread quickly on the internetC. to travel by planeD. to become extinct答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "____" means a sudden loud noise.答案：bang2. "____" is the term used to describe a person who is very knowledgeable.答案：savant3. The phrase "to turn a blind eye" means to ____.答案：ignore4. The word "____" is used to describe a situation that is very difficult to understand.答案：enigmatic5. "____" is a term used to describe a person who is very good at remembering things.答案：eidetic6. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very talkative.答案：loquacious7. The phrase "to ____" means to make something more complex. 答案：complicate8. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very organized and efficient.答案：methodical9. The phrase "to ____" means to make a plan or to decide ona course of action.答案：strategize10. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is verycurious and eager to learn.答案：inquisitive三、阅读理解（每题4分，共20分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。
考博面试英语口语General_Introduction
General IntroductionI am a third year master major in automation at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, P. R. China. With tremendous interest in Industrial Engineering, I am writing to apply for acceptance into your Ph.D. graduate program.Education backgroundIn 1995, I entered the Nanjing University of Science & Technology (NUST) -- widely considered one of the China’s best engineering schools. During the following undergraduate study, my academic records kept distinguished among the whole department. I was granted First Class Prize every semester, and my overall GPA(89.5/100) ranked No.1 among 113 students. In 1999, I got the privilege to enter the graduate program waived of the admission test. I selected the Shanghai Jiao Tong University to continue my study for its best reputation on Combinatorial Optimization and Network Scheduling where my research interest lies.At the period of my graduate study, my overall GPA(3.77/4.0) ranked top 5% in the department. In the second semester, I became teacher assistant that is given to talented and matured students only. This year, I won the Acer Scholarship as the one and only candidate in my department, which is the ultimate accolade for distinguished students endowed by my university. Presently, I am preparing my graduation thesis and trying for the honor of Excellent Graduation Thesis.Research experience and academic activityWhen a sophomore, I joined the Association of AI Enthusiast and beganto narrow down my interest for my future research. In 1997, I participated in simulation tool development for the scheduling system in Prof. Wang’s lab. With the tool of OpenGL and Matlab, I designed a simulation program for transportation scheduling system. It is now widely used by different research groups in NUST. In 1998, I assumed and fulfilled a sewage analysis & dispose project for Nanjing sewage treatment plant. This was my first practice to convert a laboratory idea to a commercial product.In 1999, I joined the distinguished Professor Yu-Geng Xi's research group aiming at Network flow problem solving and Heuristic algorithm research. Soon I was engaged in the FuDan Gene Database Design. My duty was to pick up the useful information among different kinds of gene matching format. Through the comparison and analysis for many heuristic algorithms, I introduced an improved evolutionary algorithm -- Multi-population Genetic Algorithm. By dividing a whole population into several sub-populations, this improved algorithm can effectively prevent GA from local convergence and promote various evolutionary orientations. It proved more efficiently than SGA in experiments, too. In the second semester, I joined the workshop-scheduling research in Shanghai Heavy Duty Tyre plant. The scheduling was designed for the rubber-making process that covered not only discrete but also continuous circumstances. To make a balance point between optimization quality and time cost, I proposed a Dynamic Layered Scheduling method based on hybrid Petri Nets. The practical application showed that the average makespan was shortened by a large scale. I also publicized two papers in core journals with this idea. Recently, I am doing research in the Composite Predict of the Electrical Power system assisted with the technology of Data Mining for Bao Steel. I try to combine the Decision Tree with Receding Optimization to provide a new solution for the Composite Predictive Problem. This project is nowunder construction.Besides, In July 2000, I got the opportunity to give a lecture in English in Asia Control Conference (ASCC) which is one of the top-level conferences among the world in the area of control and automation. In my senior year, I met Prof. Xiao-Song Lin, a visiting professor of mathematics from University of California-Riverside, I learned graph theory from him for my network research. These experiences all rapidly expanded my knowledge of English and the understanding of western culture.I hope to study in depthIn retrospect, I find myself standing on a solid basis in both theory and experience, which has prepared me for the Ph.D. program. My future research interests include: Network Scheduling Problem, Heuristic Algorithm research (especially in GA and Neural network), Supply chain network research, Hybrid system performance analysis with Petri nets and Data Mining.Please give my application materials a serious consideration. Thank you very much.。
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考博专业英语
Introduction to Doctoral Program in English
A doctoral program in English is a highly specialized and rigorous program designed to prepare students for careers in academia as well as other professional fields. The program typically takes four to six years to complete and requires extensive research, writing, and critical analysis.
The coursework in a doctoral program in English is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the history, theory, and practice of English literature and language. Courses may include topics such as literary theory, critical analysis, linguistics, and cultural studies. In addition, students will be expected to complete a significant research project, such as a dissertation, that demonstrates their mastery of the subject matter.
Students in a doctoral program in English will also have opportunities to engage in professional development activities, such as attending conferences and presenting papers, publishing articles and books, and teaching undergraduate courses. These experiences are essential for building a strong professional network and developing the skills necessary to succeed in academia or other related fields.
Overall, a doctoral program in English is a challenging but highly rewarding experience that prepares students for a wide range of careers in academia and beyond. With a strong foundation in the theory and practice of English literature and language, graduates of this program are well-equipped to make significant contributions to their fields and society as a whole.。