土木工程专业英语翻译,雷自学

英译汉

Lesson One

Sandcrete is a yellow-white building material made from Portland cement and sand in a ratio of circa 1:8.It is the main building material for walls of single-storey buildings (such as houses and schools)in countries such as Ghana and Nigeria. Measured strengths fo commercially available Sandcrete blocks in Nigeria were found to be between 0.5 and 1 N/mm2,which is well below the 3.5 N/mm2that is legally required there. This may be due to the need of the manufacturers to keep the price low,and since the main cost-factor is the Portland cement, they reduce that, which results in a block that starts behaving more like loose sand.

翻译：

sandcrete是黄白色建筑材料制成的波特兰水泥和沙子的比例大约1:8.it是主要的建筑墙体材料的单层建筑（如房屋和学校）在加纳和尼日利亚等国家。测量优

势的商用sandcrete块在尼日利亚被发现之间的0.5和1牛顿/毫米，这是远远低于3.5牛顿/毫米，是法律所要求的有。这可能是由于需要的厂家保持价格低，因为主要cost-factor是波特兰水泥，他们减少，从而在一块，开始表现得更像

松砂。

Lesson Two

By definition, the compressive strength of a material is that value of uniaxial compressive stress reached when the material fails completely. The compressive strength is usually obtained experimentally by means of a compressive test. The apparatus used for this experiment is the same as that used in a tensile test. However, rather than applying a uniaxial tensile load, a uniaxial compressive load is applied. As can be imagined, the specimen (usually cylindrical )is shortened as well as spread laterally. In general, compressive strengths are usually greater than tensile strengths.An example of a material with a much higher compressive strength than tensile strength is concrete. Ceramics typically have a much higher compressive strength than tensile strength. Composite materials tend to have higher tensile strengths than compressive strengths. One such example is glass fiber epoxy matrix composite.

根据定义，材料抗压强度是价值的单轴压应力达到材料时完全失败。抗压强度通常是获得实验的方式压缩试验。该仪器用于本实验所使用的相同的拉伸试验。然而，而不是采用单轴拉伸，单轴压缩载荷应用。可以想像，标本（通常圆柱形）缩短，以及横向蔓延。一般来说，通常是更大的抗压强度比抗拉强度。例材料的抗压强度远大于其抗拉强度是混凝土。陶瓷通常具有抗压强度远大于其抗拉强度。复合材料往往有较高的拉伸强度比抗压强度。其中一个例子是玻璃纤维

/环氧树脂基复合材料。

第三课

原文：

Temporary cantilevers are often used in construction. The partially constructed structure creates a cantilever，but the completed structure does mot act as a cantilever.This is very helpful when temporary supports, or falsework, cannot be used to support the structure while it is being built(e.g. ,over a busy roadway or river, or in a seep valley ). So some truss arch bridges are built from each side as cantilevers until the spans reach each other and are then jacked apart to stress them in compression before final joining. Nearly all cable-stayed bridges are built using cantilevers as this is one of their chief advantages. Many box girder bridges are built segmentally, or in short pieces. This type of construction lends itself well to balanced cantilever construction where the bridge is built in both directions from a single support.

翻译：

临时悬臂通常用于建设。部分建成结构创建一个悬臂。，但完成结构并不作为一个悬臂。这是非常有用的当临时支架，或支架，不能用来支持结构，它正在建立（例如，在一个繁忙的道路或河流，或在冷泉谷）。所以一些桁架拱桥是建立从每侧悬臂直到跨越达到彼此然后顶除了强调他们在压缩之前最后加入。几乎所有的斜拉桥采用悬臂这是他们的一个主要优点。许多箱梁桥分段建造，或短。这种建筑类型有助于平衡悬臂施工的桥梁是建立在两个方向从一个单一的支持。

第四课

原文：

A floor is the walking surface of a room or vehicle. Floors vary from simple dirt in a cave to many-layered surfaces using modern technology. Floors may be stone, woos, bamboo, metal,or any material that can hold a person's weight. The levels of a building are often referred to as floors and are described in the article storey.This article describes the structure of floors.Floors typically consist of a subfloor for support and a floor covering used to give a good walking surface. In modern buildings the subfloor often has electrical wiring, plumbing, and other services built in. Because floors meet many needs, some essential to safety, floors are built to strict building codes. Where a special floor structure like a floating floor is laid upon another floor then both nay be referred to as subfloors.

翻译：

一楼是一个房间或车辆行走的表面。楼层不同从简单的污垢山洞中多层次的表面使用现代技术。地板可能是石，求爱，竹，金属，或任何材料，可容纳一个人的体重。各级建筑通常是指地板和文章中描述层。本文介绍的结构层。地板通常由一个底层地板和地板覆盖物为支持，用来提供一个良好的表面行走。在现代建筑的底层地板往往有电线，水暖，和其他服务建设。因为地板满足许多需求，一些基本的安全，地面是建立严格的建筑法规。在一个特殊的地板结构像一个浮动地板铺设后，另一层则不称为底层地板。

Lesson Five

A column in structural engineering is a vertical structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. For the purpose of wind or earthquake engineering, columns may be designed to resist lateral forces. Other compression members are often termed "columns"