阅读理解题型专项突破之推理判断

阅读理解题型专项突破之推理判断【命题特点】这类题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。

它包括判断和推理题。

这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。

推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。

推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。

所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。

【常见考法】推理题经常使用的提问方式有：It can be inferred/ concluded that___________.Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?The passage implies, but doesn't directly state that___________.The writer suggests that___________.What's the author's attitude toward___________?The writer probably feels that___________.The author uses the examples of... to show that___________.推理判定题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。

①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础；②要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从非凡到一般，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。

不能断章取义，以偏概全。

③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。

立足已知，推断未知。

立足现在，猜测未来。

不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。

要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。

一、细节推断题: 根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。

一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判定。

Passage 1A visitor visits an island where two tribes live. One tribe always tells the truth and the other always lies. The truth tellers live on the western side of the island, and those who lie live on the eastern side. The visitor wants to determine whether the native beside him is a truth teller or not by asking only one question. He asks the native, “Go and ask the native in the distance which side of the island he lives on.” When the messenger returns, he says, "He said he l ives on the western side of the island."Is the messenger a truth teller or not? How can the visitor be sure?1. According to the messenger's answer, the visitor can conclude that_______________A. The messenger lives on the western side of the island because he tells the truth.B. the messenger lives on the eastern side of the island because his answer may be a lie.C. it's hard to determine whether the messenger is a truth teller or not.D. the messenger probably lives in the western side of the island because his answer may be true.2. The native in the distance says he lives on the western side of the island. According to hisanswer, which conclusion of the following is wrong?A. He may live on the eastern side of the island.B. He may live on the western side of the island.C. He may be telling the truth.D. He can't be telling the truth.二、因果推断题: 根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因。

Passage 2When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked, “Are you single?" “Why, yes." I answered, smiling at her happily.“So is my mother." she said, “Would you like to meet her?"1. The writer talked about the waitress' age because he thought___________.A. she was youngB. it a pleasure to make friends with herC. she was beautifulD. it strange for her to fall in love with him2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because___________.A. she lived near his houseB. he often went to visit her motherC. she wanted to be friendly with himD. she loved him very muchPassage 3The entertainment profession or “show business" attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. Talent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business .Without a good manager, a performer can never hope to succeed .Fashion is important in this business, too. The best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old-fashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must change his “act" in order to follow t he taste of the moment. This is true for actors, dancers and comedians, but perhaps most of all singers.“Pop" stands for “popular" and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular .He must either give the public what they already want, or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, and his records are sold everywhere, he can not relax. Then he must work harder than ever because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity. The life of a successful pop singer is not at all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans”. The fans are the most important people in the world for the singers. They buy his records, they go to his concerts and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm get so hysterical that they do anything to get a“souvenir" （纪念品）. They steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off pieces of the unfortunate singer's hair. Many singers have been forced to hide. A pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart or at any rate different. He must have a luxurious car. And — most important — he must always keep smiling for the benefit of his public.1. Why must a pop singer have a good manager?___________.A. To protect him from his fansB. To look after his business interestsC. To help him to change his “act" D .So that he can relax2. Why must a pop singer work even harder when he has become famous?___________A. Because he wants to attract the attention of the publicB. Because he wants to sell more recordsC. Because he wants to become popularD. Because he wants to stay popularPassage 4Once Napoleon stayed in a small inn（小旅馆）. The next morning, he went to thank the innkeeper.“Y ou, have served me well, innkeeper, “said Napoleon. “I wish to reward you. Tell me what you want." “Sir, we want nothing, “said the innkeeper. “But will you tell us something?"“What is it?" Napoleon asked.“We have heard a story." said the innkeeper, “that once during the war, a small village was taken by the Russians. Y ou happened to be in the village. Y ou hid while they looked for you. Will you tell us how you felt when they were looking for you?" Napoleon looked very angry. He called in two of his soldiers. Then he pointed to the door. The soldiers took the innkeeper and his wife out into the yard.At the end of the yard was a wall. The innkeeper and his wife were led to the wall. The soldiers tied the hands of the innkeeper and his wife. Napoleon watched, saying nothing.“Please, sir." begged the innkeeper, “Don't kill us! we meant nothing!" The soldiers moved back. The innkeeper saw them raising their guns. Then Napoleon called: “Ready! Aim!" The wife screamed. “Stop!" said Napoleon. He went to the innkeeper, “Now, you know the answer to the question you asked me just now, don't you?"1.Why did the innkeeper ask Napoleon to tell him how Napoleon felt when he was being looked for?A. He wanted to know the difference between a general and an ordinary people.B. He looked down upon Napoleon, for he thought a great man shouldn't be defeated.C. He showed his sympathy (同情) to Napoleon in time of danger.D. He was interested in other's failure, especially Napoleon's.2. Why did Napoleon ordered his men to tie the couple?A. Because he wanted to teach the innkeeper a good lesson for bothering him.B. Because he wanted to kill the couple to get rid of his anger.C. Because he wanted to show that he was so admiring a general that nobody could upset him.D. Because he wanted to made the innkeeper know that a general like him had the same feelingas the ordinary people in face of danger.三、人物性格、态度及观点判定题:考查作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。