中国养老金改革(英文版)

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关于养老金改革的作文英语

关于养老金改革的作文英语English:The reform of the pension system has become a pressing issue in many countries as the population ages and life expectancy increases. In order to ensure the sustainability of pension funds, many governments have implemented various reforms, such as raising the retirement age, adjusting contribution rates, and introducing multi-pillar pension systems. These reforms aim to address the challenges posed by an aging population and to ensure the financial stability of pension funds for future generations. However, pension reform also brings about challenges, such as balancing the need for sufficient retirement income with the affordability of the system, and ensuring that vulnerable groups, such as low-income workers and women, are not disproportionately affected. Overall, pension reform is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires careful consideration and collaboration between governments, employers, and workers.中文翻译:随着人口老龄化和预期寿命的增加，养老金制度的改革已经成为许多国家亟需解决的问题。

关于中国养老问题的英语作文

The Challenges and Solutions of Elderly Carein ChinaChina, a country with a long history and rich culture,is facing an increasingly pressing issue: the elderly care crisis. With the rapid aging of its population and the shifting of social structures, the traditional family-based elderly care model is no longer sufficient to meet the growing needs of the elderly population. This situation poses significant challenges to the country's social and economic development.The aging trend in China is unprecedented. According to statistics, the proportion of the elderly population (aged 60 and above) in China has been steadily increasing, reaching a significant proportion of the total population. This trend is expected to continue in the coming decades, further straining the existing elderly care system.One of the main challenges is the financial burden on families. With the one-child policy implemented for decades, many families now have only one child to support two oreven four elderly parents. The financial pressure on these families, especially those with limited income, is immense.The cost of medical care, daily living expenses, and other related expenses can be overwhelming.Moreover, the traditional family-based elderly care model is also facing challenges. With the increasing urbanization and industrialization, many young people have migrated to cities for work and education, leaving their elderly parents in rural areas. This geographical separation has made it difficult for young people to provide direct care and support to their elderly parents. To address these challenges, the Chinese government has been actively exploring new elderly care models and policies. One such initiative is the development of community-based elderly care services. These services provide a range of support, including medical care, rehabilitation, and daily living assistance, to elderly individuals living in their own homes or in residential facilities.Another key strategy is the promotion of institutional elderly care. This involves the establishment of nursing homes, geriatric hospitals, and other facilitiesspecifically designed to cater to the needs of the elderly.These institutions provide comprehensive care and support, including medical attention, rehabilitation services, and social activities, ensuring that the elderly receive the necessary care and attention.In addition to these direct care services, the government is also focusing on improving the overall social welfare system for the elderly. This includes increasing pension benefits, providing financial subsidies for elderly care, and enhancing the legal protection of the rights and interests of the elderly.However, while these policies and initiatives are promising, their implementation and effectiveness remain to be seen. The challenges of elderly care in China are complex and multifaceted, requiring a comprehensive and coordinated approach from all stakeholders, including the government, families, communities, and the private sector. Moreover, it is important to recognize that elderly care is not just a responsibility of the government or families; it is a shared responsibility of society. Everyone should contribute to creating a more inclusive and supportive environment for the elderly. This includespromoting public awareness of the importance of elderly care, encouraging volunteer activities, and fostering intergenerational relationships.In conclusion, the elderly care crisis in China is a pressing issue that requires urgent attention and action. While the government has taken steps to address this problem, it is crucial that all stakeholders work together to create a comprehensive and sustainable elderly care system that meets the needs of the growing elderly population in China.**中国养老问题的挑战与解决之道**中国，这个拥有悠久历史和丰富文化的国家，正面临着一个日益紧迫的问题：养老危机。

关于养老金改革的作文英语120字

关于养老金改革的作文英语120字全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1Pension Problems and Potential SolutionsHi there! My name is Timmy and I'm in 5th grade. Today I want to talk to you about a really important topic that impacts all of us - pension reform. I know it might sound kind of boring, but it's actually super fascinating and will affect all of our lives as we get older, so pay attention!First, let's talk about what a pension even is. A pension is kind of like a retirement fund that provides income for people after they stop working. Governments and companies often have pension plans to take care of their employees when they get old and can't work anymore.The problem is that a lot of pension systems around the world are struggling. There are a few key reasons for this:People are living longer than ever before thanks to better healthcare and nutrition. That's obviously a great thing, but itmeans pensions have to provide income for retirees over much longer periods.Birthrates have dropped drastically in many countries. This means there are fewer working-age people paying into pension funds to support each retiree collecting benefits.The 2008 financial crisis really hurt a lot of pension funds by causing major investment losses. Some funds still haven't fully recovered over a decade later.Some governments and companies haven't managed their pension funds very well and haven't put aside enough money to pay what they've promised retirees.So because of factors like these, many pension systems are facing huge shortfalls. They don't have enough money set aside to pay out all the benefits they've committed to. If nothing is done, they'll eventually run out of cash and retirees won't get their full pensions. That would be terrible!Clearly, we need solutions to fix this pension crisis before it's too late. Here are some ideas that are being discussed:Raising retirement agesOne way to reduce future pension costs is to increase the age when people can start collecting retirement benefits, likefrom 65 to 67 or even 70. Since we're living longer, having people work a few more years can really help pension funds last.Increasing contributionsBoth employees and employers may need to contribute more money from each paycheck into pension funds. It stinks to get smaller paychecks, but is probably necessary to put enough cash into the system.Transitioning to individual retirement accountsInstead of employers and governments managing big pension funds, everyone could be responsible for their own personal retirement savings account, kind of like a 401(k). You put money in it throughout your career, invest it, and use that money in retirement.Allowing more immigrationWith birth rates so low, allowing more immigrants to enter a country can help by growing the workforce and tax base that funds pension systems. More working people means more money going into pension funds.Cutting benefitsUnfortunately, some pension funds are so underfunded that they may need to reduce the monthly payments they send to retirees. Nobody wants their pension cut, but it may be necessary in some cases.Those are just some of the potential ways to address the pension crisis that many experts are discussing. As you can see, there's no perfect solution – every option has trade-offs. It will likely require a mix of several approaches to put pension systems back on solid financial footing.This issue doesn't just impact today's retirees, but also all of us who will eventually grow old and collect a pension ourselves someday. So it's important that our leaders take action soon before the problem grows even worse. We need sustainable solutions to ensure a secure retirement for everyone after a lifetime of hard work.Pensions are such a critical topic, but I hope I was able to explain it in a way that makes sense. Just remember – we all need to work together to reform our struggling pension systems for a brighter future. Thanks for listening, and let me know if you have any other questions!篇2Pension Reform: What Does It Mean for Me?My name is Jamie and I'm 10 years old. I'm still just a kid, so you might be wondering why I'm writing about something as serious as pension reform. Well, my mom and dad have been talking a lot about it lately and I've been trying to understand what it's all about.From what I've gathered, pensions are like a piggy bank that working adults pay into over the years so they'll have money to live on when they get old and retire. But there's a problem - the pensions don't have enough money in them for everyone who needs it as people are living longer these days. That's where reform comes in.The government wants to change the pension system to fix this money shortage. Some of the ideas I've heard are raising the retirement age so people work longer before getting their pension, increasing how much workers and companies contribute to the pension funds, and providing incentives for people to have their own personal retirement savings accounts.At first, I wasn't sure why this affected me since I'm just a kid. But then I realized that if they don't fix the pension problems now, there might not be enough money for me when I'm agrown-up and ready to retire like 60 or 70 years from now! That's a really long time to wait.My parents have tried to explain that the population is aging, with more retirees than workers contributing to the pension funds. They say it's kind of like having 30 kids in a classroom sharing 20 cookies - there just isn't enough to go around for everyone to get their fair share. The whole system needs to be adjusted.I can't pretend I understand all the technical details and numbers. But I do know that whatever changes get made will probably mean I'll have to work longer before retiring and put away more of my own money throughout my career. It's a little scary thinking about something so far in the future, but I guess that's what being a grown-up is all about - planning ahead.Some of my friends don't seem too worried about it since it won't affect us for decades. But I think it's important to start learning about it now. My grandparents are already struggling with their pension income, so I can see first-hand why reforms are needed to secure a better system for my parents' generation and eventually mine too.Part of me wishes I could stay a carefree kid forever and not have to think about stuff like pension reform. But I know that'snot how the world works. The sooner I start understanding big topics like this, the more prepared I'll be to make wise decisions and have a stable income when I'm old and gray.I may only be 10 years old, but pension reform matters to me and will shape my future working life. I'll be counting on today's adults to fix the current problems so my generation doesn't inherit the same financial burdens. In the meantime, I'll keep asking questions, saving my allowance, and preparing for the day when I'm the one counting on a secure pension. It's my retirement at stake after all!篇3Pension Reform: A Kid's PerspectiveHey there! I'm just a regular kid, but I've got some thoughts on pension reform that I want to share with you. Adults might think this topic is too complicated for a kid like me, but I beg to differ! I may be young, but I'm pretty smart, and I care about the future too.First things first, what even is a pension? From what I understand, it's like a retirement fund that workers pay into during their careers, and then they get money from it when they retire. It's supposed to help people have enough money to liveon when they're too old to work anymore. Sounds like a good idea, right?Well, here's the problem: the way pensions work right now, there might not be enough money in the pot to pay everyone what they're owed. That's because people are living longer these days, and there are fewer workers paying into the system compared to the number of retirees taking money out. It's like a game of musical chairs, but with way too few chairs!So, what's the solution? That's where pension reform comes in. Basically, grown-ups are trying to figure out ways to fix the system so that it's fair and sustainable for everyone. Some ideas include raising the retirement age, increasing the amount workers contribute, or switching to a different type of retirement plan altogether.Now, I know what you're thinking: "But Jamie, why should I care about this grown-up stuff?" Here's why: if the pension system isn't fixed, it could mean trouble for all of us, even kids like me!Imagine your grandparents or other older relatives not having enough money to live comfortably in their golden years. That would be really sad, and it might mean they need more help from their families (that's you and me!) to get by. Plus, if thepension system goes bust, it could hurt the whole economy, which affects everyone.And think about when we grow up and start working. If the pension system isn't reformed now, it might not be there for us when we're old and gray. We'll have to figure out a whole new way to save for retirement, which could be really tough.So, you see, pension reform isn't just a boring grown-up issue. It's something that impacts all of us, even kids! That's why I think it's important for everyone to learn about it and understand why changes need to be made.First, raise the retirement age a little bit. People are living longer these days, so it makes sense that they would work a few more years before retiring. But don't raise it too much, because older workers might have a harder time finding jobs.Second, increase the amount that workers contribute to the pension fund, but not by a crazy amount. A little bit extra from each paycheck could go a long way towards filling up the pot.Third, offer some kind of incentive for people to keep working past the retirement age if they want to. That way, they're still contributing to the system and taking less out of it.And finally, make sure the pension fund is being managed really, really carefully. No risky investments or shady business deals! That money needs to be there for everyone who paid into it.Those are just my ideas, but I'm sure the grown-ups in charge have way better plans. I just hope they can come together and fix this thing before it's too late.At the end of the day, pension reform is about taking care of the people who took care of us. Our grandparents, parents, teachers, and all the other hard-working adults sacrificed a lot to build the world we live in today. Don't they deserve to retire with dignity and financial security? I think so.Plus, fixing the pension system now means protecting our own futures too. We might be kids today, but one day we'll be the ones retiring and relying on that system (assuming it's still around!).So, there you have it: my totally professional, 100%kid-approved take on pension reform. I know it's a heavy topic, but I also know that even us kids can learn about it and form our own opinions. Who knows, maybe my ideas will inspire the next generation of pension experts!In the meantime, I'll be over here eating mydinosaur-shaped chicken nuggets and dreaming of a future where everyone's golden years are secure. Private pension fund managers, you've been warned: this third-grader is watching you!篇4Pensions Are Important But I Don't Really Get ThemMy mom and dad are always talking about pensions and pension reform, but I'm not really sure what they mean. From what I can tell, a pension is some kind of money that people get from the government when they get old and can't work anymore. But there always seems to be a lot of arguing about whether pensions are going to run out of money or not.My dad says the pension system is broken and needs to be fixed. He gets really mad when he talks about how much money he has paid into the pension fund over the years through taxes and paycheck deductions. He says the government hasn't managed the pension money properly and now there might not be enough for everyone when they retire. The numbers just don't add up anymore with people living longer and the population getting older.My mom doesn't seem as worried. She says my dad is overreacting and that the government will figure out a way to reform the pension system so that it becomes sustainable again. From what I understand, reform means making changes to the way pensions are funded and paid out so the money doesn't run out. Some of the ideas I've heard are raising retirement ages, increasing worker contributions, and reducing future pension payouts.Personally, I don't have a strong opinion on pension reform one way or the other since I'm just a kid. I know it's a hugely important issue that will impact my parents' retirement along with millions of other older people. But it's still decades away before I'll even have to start thinking about my own pension situation.What I don't get is why they're always arguing over this pension stuff when neither of them seems to fully understand it themselves! My dad says one thing, my mom Says another, and then they just go back-and-forth contradicting each other. From where I'm sitting, the whole pension system seems overly complicated and confusing. You'd think the government could just fix it already so my parents don't have to fight about it anymore.I brought up the pension topic at school one day and it didn't seem like any of my friends really knew what a pension was either. A few of them had heard their parents arguing about it before too. My best friend Tommy said his parents stopped talking about pensions altogether because it always ended up in a huge fight!My teacher tried explaining to us that pension reform is adifficult challenge because you have to balance keeping pension commitments to today's retirees with making the system affordable and sustainable for future generations. She said there areNo perfect solutions, only tradeoffs between things like retirement ages, benefit levels, and how muchworkers/employers contribute. Apparently,it's been a big issue that countries around the world have struggled with for years.To be honest, I kind of tuned out after my teacher's first couple of sentences. Numbers and economics just aren't my favorite subjects, especially when it comes to boring grown-up stuff like pension policies. I'd much rather spend my time playing soccer, reading comics, or tinkering with my toy robot kits. Let me know when I'm older if the pension thing ever gets figured out!For now, I'll try my best to stay out of my parents' pension reform debates. Though with the way they bicker over it, I sort of wish they'd pass a law reforming how mom and dad argue about retirement financials! If I'm lucky, maybe the pension system will somehow fix itself while I'm busy just being a kid. A boy can dream, right?篇5Pension Reform: A Kid's ViewHi there! My name is Timmy, and I'm 10 years old. Today, I want to talk to you about something that grown-ups often discuss – pension reform. I know it might sound like a boring topic, but hear me out!You see, when people get old and can't work anymore, they need money to live on. That's where pensions come in. Pensions are like piggy banks that people pay into while they're working, so they have money saved up for when they're retired. Pretty cool, right?But here's the thing – the way pensions work right now isn't working so well. There are more and more old people who need money from their pensions, but not enough young peopleworking and paying into the system. It's kind of like having a lot of hungry mouths to feed, but not enough food to go around.That's why grown-ups are talking about reforming pensions – they want to make changes so that everyone can get the money they need when they're old and gray. Some people think we should raise the retirement age, so people work longer and pay into their pensions for more years. Others think we should increase the amount of money that workers and employers pay into the pension system.Personally, I think we should teach kids like me about the importance of saving for the future. That way, when we grow up and start working, we'll be prepared to put money away for our own retirements. It's never too early to start thinking about the future, right?But one thing is for sure – we need to do something to fix the pension system. Otherwise, a lot of old people might not have enough money to live on when they're retired. And that's just not fair, is it?So, there you have it – my thoughts on pension reform as a 10-year-old kid. I know it's a grown-up issue, but it's important for all of us to understand it, because it affects everyone in theend. Who knows, maybe one day when I'm all grown up, I'll be part of the solution!In the meantime, I'm going to keep saving my allowance in my piggy bank. You never know when that retirement fund might come in handy!篇6Pensions and the Elderly: Why We Need to Fix ItMy grandma is one of my favorite people in the whole world. She bakes the most delicious chocolate chip cookies and gives the warmest, snuggliest hugs. Grandma worked really hard her whole life as a nurse to take care of sick people. But now that she's retired, she worries a lot about money.You see, a pension is the money people get from the government when they retire after working for many years. It's supposed to help them pay for their homes, food, medical care and other important things when they're old and can't work anymore. My grandma gets a small pension from when she was a nurse, but it's not enough for all her expenses.A long time ago, there were lots more working people compared to retired people. That meant there was plenty ofmoney from working people's taxes to pay for pensions. But now, people are living much longer lives into their 80s and 90s. And there are fewer young working people to pay into the pension system. This has caused a big problem where there isn't enough pension money for all the elderly people who need it.I don't think it's fair that my hard-working grandma has to worry and stress about running out of money for her basic needs. She should be able to relax and enjoy her golden years after dedicating her career to caring for others. That's why I think we need to reform and fix the pension system.There are a few different ideas for how to do this. One way is to raise the retirement age so people have to work longer before getting a pension. That puts more money into the system. But a lot of workers in tough physical jobs like construction might not be able to keep working until they're really old.Another idea is to increase how much working people pay in taxes for pensions. But some people argue that taxes are already too high and it's unfair to make workers pay even more. Plus, with costs for things like housing, education and healthcare always going up, it can be really hard for families to afford higher taxes.Personally, I think a good solution could be a combination of things. Maybe we raise the retirement age a few years for office workers with easier jobs they can do until older. But keep the existing retirement age for physically demanding careers. And have a small, gradual increase in pension contributions from worker paychecks over many years so it doesn't overburden anyone.We could also look at allowing more immigration of young workers to boost the number of people paying into the pension fund. Or provide incentives like tax breaks for families to have more children, to increase the future pool of workers supporting the pension system down the road.No matter what though, I really believe we have to take action to secure pensions for the elderly. They are some of the most vulnerable and deserving people in our society. After working hard all their lives, we owe it to them to make sure they're taken care of and can afford basic necessities without poverty in their final years.My grandma is absolutely amazing. Whenever I'm having a bad day, her humor and warmth make me feel so much better. She tells the most entertaining stories about her childhood growing up on a farm. And she's brilliantly smart - she canmultiply enormous numbers in her head quicker than I can use a calculator! I want her to be able to stay healthy, active and financially secure so we can share many more special moments and create happy memories together until I'm an adult.I hope I've explained why reforming pensions is such an important challenge we must find solutions for. We shouldn't let down the elderly who built the world we enjoy today. With some smart changes and collective effort, I'm confident we can put pensions on a sustainable path so grandmothers like mine don't have to lie awake at night, anxious about money. Because they deserve to be able to just relax, bake cookies, read books and spend time with their loved ones in peace.。

养老保险改革最新外文文献翻译

养老保险改革最新外文文献翻译This article aims to compare the endowment insurance system in different countries。

The endowment insurance system is a type of life insurance that XXX in China。

the United States。

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the endowment insurance system is XXX system covers all employees。

XXX。

the system XXX.In the United States。

XXX individuals can choose to participate。

The system has XXX。

it also e individuals.In the United Kingdom。

the endowment insurance system XXX。

it also XXX.Overall。

the study shows that the endowment insurance system varies in different countries and has XXX countries.XXX is a common social problem that is XXX society。

It has XXX to set up a system to support the elderly。

The old-ageinsurance system was XXX。

with the development of social economy。

the system has XXX strata of the elderly。

翰威特-中国养老金改革英文

翰威特-中国养老金改革英文Hannover Re - China Pension Reform: A Comprehensive Analysis IntroductionAs the rapidly aging population of China continues to grow, sustainable and robust pension reform has become a pressing issue. The Chinese government has recognized the need to address this challenge and has launched several initiatives to reform the country's pension system. The Hannover Re Group, a leading global reinsurance company, has been actively involved in researching and analyzing the implications of these reforms. In this report, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the Hanover Re - China pension reform.1. BackgroundChina's demographic landscape is rapidly changing. The aging population has placed enormous strain on the existing pension system, which was designed for a younger population. As a result, the Chinese government introduced the Pension Reform Plan in 2019, with the goal of creating a more sustainable and equitable pension system.2. Basic Pension InsuranceThe Basic Pension Insurance program is the cornerstone of China's pension system. It aims to provide a basic level of financial support to retirees. Under the new reform, the contribution rate for Basic Pension Insurance has increased from 20% to 25%, with employersand employees each contributing 12.5%. This increase in contributions ensures the financial viability of the system and maintains the adequacy of benefits.3. Individual AccountsIn addition to Basic Pension Insurance, the pension reform introduced the Individual Accounts program. Individuals can voluntarily contribute a portion of their income to their individual accounts, which are invested and accumulated over time. The reform expanded the investment options available for individual accounts, allowing participants to invest in a wider range of financial instruments, including stocks and bonds. This change incentivizes individuals to save for retirement while also increasing the potential return on their investments.4. Postponed Retirement AgeTo alleviate the strain on the pension system, the reform raised the retirement age. The retirement age for women increased from 55 to 60 years, and the retirement age for men increased from 60 to 65 years. This change reflects the increasing life expectancy and the need for individuals to work longer and save more for retirement. The reform also introduced a flexible retirement age, allowing individuals to choose to retire at any age between the statutory retirement age and 70 years.5. Coverage ExpansionThe pension reform aims to expand the coverage of the pensionsystem to include more individuals, particularly those working in the informal sector. The reform introduces incentives for employers to provide pension benefits to their employees, including tax incentives and subsidies. This expansion ensures that more individuals have access to retirement savings and benefits, reducing the risk of elderly poverty.6. Challenges and Future OutlookWhile the pension reform has made significant progress, there are several challenges that need to be addressed. One challenge is the management of the Individual Accounts, as the increased investment options require effective supervision and regulation. Additionally, the sustainability of the pension system in the long term remains a concern, as the aging population continues to grow.Looking to the future, the Hanover Re Group believes that continued improvements in the pension system, such as increasing the retirement age further and enhancing financial literacy among the population, will be critical. Additionally, the integration of data analytics and technology can help optimize the management and operation of the pension system, ensuring its long-term sustainability.ConclusionThe Hannover Re - China pension reform is a significant step towards creating a sustainable and equitable pension system for China's aging population. The reform addresses key issues such as increasing retirement age, expanding coverage, and providingbetter investment options for individuals. While challenges remain, the future outlook for China's pension system is promising, with the potential for further improvements and innovations. The Hannover Re Group will continue to monitor and analyze the developments in the Chinese pension system, providing valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders.7. Impact on the Aging PopulationThe pension reform has a significant impact on the aging population in China. With the increase in retirement age, individuals are required to work longer before accessing their pension benefits. This has both advantages and disadvantages. On one hand, individuals have more time to accumulate savings and assets, which can help support their retirement. On the other hand, it may be challenging for individuals to continue working as they age, especially in physically demanding jobs.The expansion of coverage also benefits the aging population, particularly those working in the informal sector. Many individuals in the informal sector do not have access to formal employment benefits, including pension schemes. The pension reform ensures that these individuals are included in the pension system, providing them with financial security in their old age.8. Economic ImplicationsThe pension reform has several economic implications for China. By increasing the retirement age, the reform encourages individuals to remain in the workforce for longer. This can help mitigate the impact of the aging population on the labor marketand workforce productivity. It also helps alleviate the financial burden on the pension system, as individuals contribute for a longer period before receiving benefits.Additionally, the expansion of coverage has the potential to stimulate domestic consumption and economic growth. As more individuals have access to retirement savings and benefits, they are likely to increase their spending, supporting various sectors of the economy. This increased consumption can help drive economic development and create new job opportunities.9. Insurance and Risk MitigationAs a leading reinsurance company, Hannover Re recognizes the importance of insurance and risk mitigation in the context of pension reform. The pension system is subject to various risks, including longevity risk, investment risk, and inflation risk. An effective reinsurance strategy can help mitigate these risks, ensuring the long-term sustainability of the pension system.Hannover Re provides risk transfer solutions to pension funds and insurance companies, helping them manage and hedge their longevity and investment risks. By transferring these risks to the reinsurance market, pension funds and insurance companies can enhance their financial stability and protect their policyholders' interests.Hannover Re also invests in research and development to develop innovative risk management tools and solutions. This includes leveraging data analytics and technology to improve riskassessment and optimize investment strategies. By harnessing these advancements, Hannover Re aims to enhance the resilience and effectiveness of pension systems, including China's reform efforts.10. International Collaboration and Knowledge SharingThe Hannover Re - China pension reform analysis emphasizes the importance of international collaboration and knowledge sharing in addressing pension system challenges. China can learn from the experiences of other countries that have successfully implemented pension reforms, such as Germany and Sweden.Through partnerships and collaborations with international organizations, policymakers, and stakeholders, China can gain valuable insights and best practices in pension reform. This includes sharing knowledge on pension system design, investment strategies, risk management, and governance. International collaboration can also foster innovation and drive continuous improvement in the Chinese pension system.ConclusionThe Hannover Re - China pension reform analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the reform efforts in China's pension system. The reform addresses critical issues related to sustainability, coverage, retirement age, and investment options. The impact of the reform on the aging population and the economy is significant, with potential benefits for individuals and the overall development of the country.As a leading reinsurance company, Hannover Re is committed to monitoring and analyzing the developments in the Chinese pension system. By providing valuable insights and risk management solutions, Hannover Re contributes to the long-term sustainability and effectiveness of the pension reform. Through international collaboration and knowledge sharing, China can continue to refine and improve its pension system, ensuring the well-being and security of its aging population.。

关于中国养老问题的英语作文

中国养老问题的挑战与机遇**The Challenges and Opportunities of Pension Issues in China**In recent years, the issue of pensions in China has garnered significant attention, both domestically and internationally. As the country's economy continues to grow and age, the need for sustainable and effective pension systems has become increasingly urgent. China faces unique challenges in addressing its pension problems, but also presents opportunities for innovative solutions.**Challenges of Pension Issues in China**Firstly, the rapidly aging population in China poses a significant challenge to its pension system. With the one-child policy and improving healthcare, the number ofelderly people is projected to increase rapidly in the coming decades. This demographic shift places a heavy burden on the existing pension system, which is already strained by limited funds and an aging workforce.Secondly, the current pension system in China is highly dependent on government subsidies and fiscal support. Asthe elderly population grows, the government will face increasing financial pressure to maintain the system's solvency. This dependency on government funds limits the system's ability to adapt to economic changes and demographic shifts.Thirdly, the lack of diversity in pension investment options is another challenge. The majority of pension funds are invested in low-yielding and risk-averse assets, such as government bonds and bank deposits. This limits the potential returns on pension funds and makes it difficult to meet the growing demand for pensions.**Opportunities for Innovative Solutions**Despite these challenges, China also presents opportunities for innovative solutions to its pension problems. Firstly, the government has recognized the need for reform and is actively seeking ways to improve the sustainability and efficiency of the pension system. This provides a window of opportunity for private sector involvement and innovative financing mechanisms.Secondly, China's rapidly developing technology sector offers potential solutions. For example, the use ofartificial intelligence and big data can help improve the efficiency and accuracy of pension fund management. Blockchain technology can also be used to enhance transparency and trust in pension investments.Thirdly, there is a growing trend towards diversified pension investment options. This includes the developmentof private pension plans and the expansion of investment options for pension funds. By diversifying investment portfolios, pension funds can reduce risks and increase potential returns, thereby improving their ability to meet the growing demand for pensions.In conclusion, while China faces significant challenges in addressing its pension problems, there are also opportunities for innovative solutions. By embracing reform, leveraging technology, and diversifying investment options, China can build a sustainable and effective pension system that meets the needs of its aging population and supports economic growth.**中国养老问题的挑战与机遇**近年来，中国养老问题备受国内外关注。

养老保险(英文表达)

语料库之保险1.养老保险: endowment insurance例句：The draft regulation was released on Monday by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security to ensure conditional transfers of the country's three types of social endowment insurances and to benefit the potential 750 million residents who joined at least one of the three programs.人社部周一发布的办法草案是为了确保我国三种不同养老保险体系可有条件转换，以惠及7.5亿参保人员。

Endowment insurance就是“养老保险”，我国有三种不同的养老保险体系，分别为basic endowment insurance for the urban working group（城镇职工基本养老保险）、new rural social endowment insurance for rural residents（新型农村社会养老保险），以及social endowment insurance for non-working urban residents（针对城镇无业人员的社会养老保险）。

三个体系中的premium（缴费）和领到的pension（养老金）也有所不同。

《办法》提出，只要缴费满15年，参保人员无论是从新农保或城居保转入职保，还是从职保转入新农保或城居保，都将个人账户（individual accounts）全部储存额随同转移，包括government subsidies（政府补贴）。

我们平时所说的“五险一金”除了endowment insurance（养老保险）外，还有medical insurance （医疗保险）、unemployment insurance （失业保险）、employment injury insurance （工伤保险）、maternity insurance （生育保险），以及housing fund （住房公积金）。

中国社会保障改革中英文对照外文翻译文献

中国社会保障改革中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM IN CHINA: ISSUES AND OPTIONSSummaryAs part of its far-reaching reform of the overall economy, China has successfully initiated fundamental reforms of the social security system over the past decade, establishing a structure consistent with the needs of a market economy. The combination of a social pool and individual accounts in the mandatory system provides a structure which addresses the basic objectives of a pension system –poverty relief, income redistribution, insurance and consumption smoothing. Outside the mandatory system, enterprise annuity schemes, individual retirement plans, and other pension schemes organised by industries or localities are further essential components. These voluntary pensions can accommodate different needs, tastes and jobs, particularly necessary in a country as large and diverse as China. Thus the three elements of the present reformed system, if properly designed and administered, complement and strengthen one another, and together can serve as the basic structure of China’s pension system for the coming decades.In the course of implementation, however, problems have emerged. Fragmented organisation and limited coverage contribute to financing difficulties and to incompleteness of social insurance. The deficits contribute to the ‘empty individualaccounts’ –empty because local governments often use the contributions made by workers to their individual accounts to finance deficits in the social pool. Moreover, a system has not been developed for organising investments in capital markets by individual accounts. Nor are the capital markets in a satisfactory condition for such investments. Over time these problems will be a vicious circle, as the deficits are likely to persist, requiring continuing large fiscal subsidies, while ‘empty accounts’ and other systemic problems continue to undermine the credibility of the system, making further implementation enforcing compliance and extension of coverage –increasingly difficult. The emergingproblems are therefore serious and should be addressed urgently.This report by an international team of economists and social security experts is an attempt to address the key challenges faced by the Chinese pension system today. The full report contains 23 recommendations for further reforms, as well as a brief summary of the economic principles and international experience that form the basis for these recommendations. The next section briefly discusses the principles of pen sion design. The last section presents the team’s keyrecommendations.I. Principles of Pension DesignObjectives of a Pension SystemRetirement pensions allow a person to transfer consumption from his productive middle years tohis older years in retirement. They also provide insurance, mainly in the form of annuities, weekly or monthly payments to the individual for the rest of his life. Since the length of life isuncertain, such annuities are a form of pooling against the risk of individuals outliving theirpension savings.For a government, pension systems have additional objectives. They can redistribute incomes on a lifetime basis, complementing the role of progressive taxes on annual income. This can be achieved, for instance, by paying low earners pensions which are a higher percentage of their previous earnings. Pension systems can also redistribute across generations, for instance by imposing a higher contribution rate on the present generation, thereby allowing future generations to have higher pensions or to pay lower contributions. Finally, poverty relief targeted at the elderly, through minimum or citizen’s pensions, can be particularly efficient compared to a general system of poverty relief for the entire population. The latter creates some disincentives to work and a country may not be able to afford it.Issues of Pension DesignMany different structures can combine to address the objectives of pensions, but design must avoid large distortions which contribute little, if anything, to the achievement of core objectives. For instance, labour mobility is essential for an efficient labour market. To avoid unduly discouraging mobility, pensions should be portable for workers moving from job to job and place to place. Portability is achieved most readily when the system has a uniform structure across the covered population, both across localities and across sectors.An important feature of pension design is the degree of funding, i.e. whether contributions are used for current pension payments (‘pay as you go’ – PAYG), or toaccumulate assets from which pensions in the future are paid (Funding). Funding may or may not be desirable, depending on the circumstances of each country. The degree to which contributions are used to accumulate assets for the pension system can affect the level of national savings and thus the rate of growth. Funding may also improve the efficiency with which savings are channelled into investment. This is more likely in countries with developing financial institutions, if increased investment encourages reform of regulatory and supervisory capacity to improve the functioning of capital markets. However, greater recourse to capital markets with poor regulation and insufficient improvement can increase the risk and lower the return to investment. Finally, funding means increased contributions by the current generation of workers so that future generations may enjoy lower contributions or higher benefits, and thus it involves income redistribution from this generation to future generations.A desirable characteristic of a pension system is that it has the capacity to evolve in a straightforward way as incomes rise, overall economic reforms proceed and administrative capacity grows.International ExperienceThere is a wide range of pension designs across countries and many ways to design good systems. Most countries have a combination of different pension schemes. The simplest scheme is a tax-financed citizen’s pension, available to everyone beyond a given age, as in the Netherlands and New Zealand. Alternatively, there can be a guaranteed minimum income, available to all poor elderly people on the basis of an income test, as in many countries. A most common element internationally is a national defined-benefit (DB) scheme, in which a worker receives a pension based on his wage history and his age on first receipt of benefits. With funded defined-contribution (DC) schemes, also known as funded individual accounts, pensions are paid from a fund built over the years from members’ contributio ns. Countries with DC systems can use publicly organised investment (as in Singapore) or private, regulated financial intermediaries (as in Chile). A recent innovation internationally is the notional definedcontribution (NDC) schemes of Sweden and Italy, which have many properties of the DC element in individual accounts but with no funding. These various elements are assembled in different ways and with different relative sizes across countries. Thus, internationally, there is no single, dominant system.II. Options for Further ReformsOn the basis of economic principles and lessons from international experience, our full report makes a number of recommendations for further reform of the pension system in China, of which the most important are discussed in the section below. National Pensions Administration Pooling lies at the core of the redistributive and risk-sharing elements of pensions. Given the size and diversity of China, national pooling of the mandatory pension schemes is particularly important. The following measures will help achieve this. There should be a single set of regulations on mandatory pensions, preferably in the form of legislation that is enforceable. The rules on contributions and benefits should be set centrally by formula, though they should include room for regional variation in basic benefit levels, to reflect disparitiesboth in price evels and living standards. Variation must be compatible with a national system for portability of pension rights and hence labour mobility.There should be a single national pensions administration.A single administration which receives all pension revenues and delivers pensions is essential to achieve national pooling. A necessary element is a national database with information on each worker’s acc ount, both to foster a national labour market and to control the pension spending of localities (which could otherwise pay pensions at whatever level they wanted out of the national pool). The national pensions administration should be part of central government and funded from the central government budget. The pensions administration should administer both the basic pension and individual accounts. Contributions should be collected by the tax authority. The contributions base should be changed to match a definition of earnings to be used also in determining income-tax liability, with the contribution rate adjusted so that total contributions are broadly unaffected by the change.Reforms of the Individual AccountsIndividual accounts should be organised on a notional defined contribution (NDC) basis. NDC pensions are a recent innovation internationally, used by countries seeking to retain the usefulness of defined contributions without the necessity of funding. Each worker accumulates a notional individual account, comprising his contributions over the years, which is each year credited by the pensions administration with a notional interest rate defined by law. At retirement, each worker receives a pension based actuarially on his accumulation. Basing individual accounts on the NDC approach has significant advantages in China’s current circumstances. It offers consumption smoothing to today’s contributors in a similar way to funded DC schemes, and hence maintains the purpose of individual accounts. But, because no fund is built up, it does not require today’s (poorer) workers to make larger contributions so that future (richer) generations of workers can make smaller contributions, thus avoiding unsatisfactory intergenerational redistribution. It does not require the considerable private-sector financial and administrative capacity of funded schemes, since it is run by the public authorities. It is less risky for workers, since the rate of return avoids the short-run volatility of assets in the capital market; this is particularly important at a time when banking and financial-market institutions are still developing. Finally, the NDC approach will not require an increase in the contribution rate, or an increase in subsidies from the central Budget, as will be necessary if the ‘empty’ individual accounts are to be funded under the present scheme. By regularising the encouragement and regulation of voluntary supplementary pensions, there can be adequate capital-market 。

关于养老金改革的作文英语120字

养老金改革：机遇与挑战并存As the global economy evolves, pension reform has become a crucial topic, sparking both hope and concern.This reform aims to ensure the financial sustainability of pension systems, adapting them to the changing demographics and economic landscapes. While the reform presents opportunities for long-term stability, it also poses challenges that need to be carefully addressed.Opportunities lie in the potential for more efficient and equitable pension systems. By updating the structureand management of pension funds, the reform can lead to better returns and higher levels of security for retirees. Additionally, it creates incentives for individuals to save and invest more for their own retirement, promotingfinancial independence and reducing the burden on government-sponsored pension plans.However, challenges abound. One significant hurdle is the need to balance the interests of different stakeholders, including retirees, workers, and employers. The reform must ensure that no group is unduly burdened or disadvantaged. Another challenge lies in the execution of the reform,which requires careful planning, transparent communication, and robust monitoring mechanisms to ensure its successful implementation.Moreover, the long-term sustainability of pension systems remains a concern. As life expectancies increaseand birth rates decline, the burden on pension funds will grow. This requires innovative solutions, such asincreasing the contribution rates or expanding the investment portfolio of pension funds, to ensure theirlong-term viability.In conclusion, pension reform represents a critical juncture for society. It offers the promise of more secure and sustainable pension systems but also poses significant challenges that must be met. By addressing these challenges and seizing the opportunities presented by the reform, we can ensure that pension systems continue to serve as a foundation of financial security for generations to come.**养老金改革：机遇与挑战并存**随着全球经济的不断发展，养老金改革已成为备受关注的重要议题，既充满希望，也令人担忧。

中国养老问题英文作文

中国养老问题英文作文The issue of elderly care in China has become a growing concern in recent years. With the aging population and the increasing number of elderly people, the demand for quality care and support has also risen.It is important for the government to address this issue and provide adequate resources to support the elderly population. This includes establishing more nursing homes, day care centers, and other facilities that cater to the needs of the elderly.In addition to government support, there is also a need for greater awareness and education about elderly care. This includes training programs for caregivers, as well as initiatives to promote respect and understanding for the elderly in society.The traditional family structure in China has often relied on the younger generation to care for their elderlyparents. However, with the changing social and economic landscape, this model is becoming less sustainable. As a result, there is a need for new approaches to elderly care that can accommodate the needs of both the elderly andtheir families.Financial support for elderly care is also an important aspect of this issue. Many elderly people in China areliving on limited incomes, and they may struggle to afford the care and support they need. It is crucial for the government and society to provide financial assistance to ensure that all elderly people have access to the care they require.In conclusion, the issue of elderly care in China is complex and multifaceted. It requires a comprehensive approach that addresses the needs of the elderly population, while also considering the social, economic, and cultural factors that impact elderly care in the country. It is essential for the government, society, and individuals to work together to find sustainable solutions to thispressing issue.。

养老金英语作文

养老金英语作文Title: The Importance of Pension Plans in Ensuring Financial Security in Retirement。

In contemporary society, as life expectancy rises and demographic structures evolve, the issue of retirement planning has gained paramount importance. One fundamental aspect of this planning is the establishment of pension schemes. In this essay, we will delve into the significance of pension plans in securing financial stability during retirement.To begin with, pension plans serve as a crucial pillar of financial security for retirees. By contributing a portion of their income throughout their working years, individuals build a reservoir of funds that can sustain them during retirement. This systematic saving not only fosters a disciplined approach to financial management but also mitigates the risk of running out of resources in old age. Thus, pension plans act as a safeguard againsteconomic uncertainty post-retirement.Moreover, pension schemes provide retirees with a reliable source of income after they exit the workforce. Unlike other forms of savings, such as personal investments or savings accounts, pensions offer a guaranteed stream of payments, often adjusted for inflation, throughout the individual's retirement years. This certainty enables retirees to plan their expenses effectively, maintain their standard of living, and enjoy a comfortable lifestyle without the fear of financial instability.Furthermore, pension plans contribute to social welfare by reducing the burden on government-funded retirement programs. As populations age and the ratio of retirees to active workers increases, public pension systems face mounting pressure to sustainably support retirees. Private pension schemes alleviate this strain by encouraging individuals to take personal responsibility for their retirement savings, thereby lessening the dependence on state-sponsored benefits. Consequently, pension plans promote fiscal sustainability and alleviate the fiscalburden on governments, ultimately benefiting society as a whole.In addition to financial security, pension plans offer psychological reassurance to retirees. Knowing that they have a reliable source of income post-retirement alleviates anxiety and stress associated with financial uncertainty. This peace of mind enables retirees to focus on other aspects of their lives, such as pursuing hobbies, spending time with family, and engaging in leisure activities, thereby enhancing their overall well-being and quality of life.Furthermore, pension schemes play a vital role in employee retention and satisfaction. As employers offer attractive retirement benefits, including pension plans, they demonstrate their commitment to their employees' long-term financial well-being. This fosters loyalty among workers, enhances morale, and boosts productivity withinthe workforce. Moreover, pension plans serve as a valuable recruitment tool, attracting skilled individuals who prioritize job security and comprehensive benefits packages.Despite their numerous advantages, it is essential to acknowledge the challenges associated with pension plans. Economic fluctuations, demographic shifts, and inadequate funding can undermine the sustainability of pension schemes. Therefore, policymakers, employers, and individuals must collaborate to design robust pension systems that adapt to evolving socio-economic dynamics and ensure the long-term viability of retirement savings.In conclusion, pension plans play a pivotal role in securing financial stability during retirement. Byproviding a reliable source of income, promoting fiscal sustainability, enhancing well-being, and fostering employee satisfaction, pension schemes contribute significantly to individual and societal welfare. As we navigate the complexities of modern retirement planning, prioritizing the development and maintenance of robust pension systems is imperative to ensure a secure and prosperous future for retirees.。

关于养老金改革的作文英语

关于养老金改革的作文英语The world is rapidly aging, and the issue of pension reform has become a pressing concern for governments and individuals alike. As life expectancy increases and birth rates decline, the traditional pay-as-you-go pension system is facing significant challenges. In this essay, we will explore the need for pension reform, the various approaches being considered, and the potential implications for both the public and private sectors.One of the primary drivers of the need for pension reform is the demographic shift towards an aging population. In many developed countries, the ratio of retirees to working-age individuals is steadily increasing, putting a strain on the existing pension systems. This trend is exacerbated by declining birth rates, which reduce the number of younger workers available to support the growing number of retirees.The traditional pay-as-you-go pension system, where current workers' contributions fund the pensions of current retirees, is becoming increasingly unsustainable. As the number of retireesgrows, the burden on the working population to support them becomes heavier, leading to higher taxes and potentially lower benefits for retirees.In response to these challenges, governments around the world are exploring various pension reform strategies. One approach is to shift towards a more funded pension system, where individuals and employers contribute to individual retirement accounts that are invested in financial markets. This approach aims to reduce the reliance on the working population to fund retirees and potentially provides higher returns on investments.Another approach is to raise the retirement age, which can help to balance the ratio of retirees to workers and extend the period during which individuals contribute to the pension system. This strategy, however, can be politically challenging and may disproportionately impact certain sectors of the population, such as those with physically demanding jobs.Some countries are also exploring the use of means-testing for pension benefits, where the level of pension payments is tied to the individual's income or wealth. This approach aims to target pension resources towards those most in need, while reducing the burden on the overall system.In addition to these reforms, governments are also considering ways to encourage individuals to save more for their own retirement. This can include the use of tax incentives, mandatory contributions, or the creation of supplementary private pension schemes.The implications of pension reform can be far-reaching, both for the public and private sectors. For governments, successful pension reform can help to ensure the long-term sustainability of the pension system, reduce the burden on public finances, and provide a more equitable distribution of resources. However, implementing these reforms can be politically challenging and may require difficult trade-offs, such as reducing benefits or increasing taxes.For individuals, pension reform can have significant impacts on their retirement planning and financial security. A shift towards a more funded pension system may require individuals to take on more responsibility for their own retirement savings, which can be daunting for those with limited financial literacy or resources. At the same time, the potential for higher returns on investments may provide opportunities for individuals to build larger retirement nest eggs.The private sector also has a crucial role to play in pension reform. Employers may be called upon to contribute more to employee pension plans, or to offer additional retirement savings options.Financial institutions, such as banks and investment firms, may see increased demand for retirement planning services and products.In conclusion, the need for pension reform is a global challenge that will require a multi-faceted approach. Governments, individuals, and the private sector must work together to develop and implement sustainable solutions that address the demographic and financial challenges facing pension systems. By doing so, we can ensure that the retirement years of current and future generations are secure and dignified.。

中国养老问题英文作文

中国养老问题英文作文The issue of elderly care in China is becoming increasingly prominent as the population ages. With the traditional family structure changing and the number of elderly people growing, there is a pressing need for better care and support for the elderly.The Chinese government has implemented various policies and measures to address the challenges of elderly care, such as the establishment of nursing homes, the promotion of community-based care services, and the provision of financial support for elderly individuals and their families.However, there are still many issues and challenges facing the elderly care system in China, such as the lack of qualified caregivers, the high cost of care services, and the inadequate social security system for the elderly.In addition, there is also a growing concern about themental and emotional well-being of the elderly in China, as many of them are left alone or neglected by their families due to the pressures of work and urbanization.Overall, the issue of elderly care in China is complex and multifaceted, requiring a comprehensive and coordinated effort from the government, society, and individuals to ensure the well-being and dignity of the elderly population.。

养老保险制度中英文对照外文翻译文献

养老保险制度中英文对照外文翻译文献（文档含英文原文和中文翻译）翻译:重新引入代际均衡：波兰养老保险制度摘要：波兰于1999 年通过了新的养老金制度。

这种新的养老保险制度允许波兰，以减少退休金支出（占GDP 的百分比），而不是增加它-正如预计的经合组织其他大多数国家。

本文介绍了概念背景的新系统的设计。

新系统的长期目的是确保人口代际平衡，不论情况。

这需要稳定的国内生产总值的份额分配给整个退休一代。

传统的养老金制度的目的，相反，在稳定的份额人均国内生产总值退休人员。

在人口结构的变化观察到，在过去的一夫妻几十年，这历史性的尝试，以稳定为首占GDP 的比重为退休人员严重的财政问题和经济增长负外部性，如观察许多国家。

许多国家曾试图改革其养老金制度不同的方法来尝试解决这些不断增加的费用问题。

虽然波兰改革采用了其他地方应用技术，它的设计不同于典型的做法和教训，结果是有希望的所有经合组织国家。

本文介绍了这一理论和实际应用另一种方法，因此，新的波兰养老保险制度主要特点设计。

导言人口结构的转型与政策过于短视一起造成了严重的问题在全世界许多国家地区的养老金。

传统的要素养老金制度的设计包括对捐款的薄弱环节和利益缺乏超过该系统的成本控制。

这些因素列入养老保险制度导致爆炸的设计成本，造成了负增长的外部因素和导致失业率持续高企。

因此，养老金改革的追求现已在世界各地，特别是在欧洲的政策议程的顶部。

然而，很少有国家能够在引进根本性的改革面积到了这个时候养老金。

在这种情况下，改革的定义是至关重要的。

对于本文的目的，“改革”是指改变系统，以消除而不是仅仅在边缘玩的贡献率- 结构性效率低下和退休年龄调整为短期财政和系统的参数政治传统的养老金制度已被证明是低效率的提供与社会保障。

在同一时间试图治愈这些系统阻碍了缺乏共识什么可以取代传统的制度。

讨论这问题涉及混乱的思想背景下产生的讨论参与者，以及从这些概念作为过度使用“支付即用即付”与“资金”，即“公” 与“私”，而在同一时间，忽略了数重要的经济问题。

中国养老金改革(ppt 20页)(英文版)

deteriorating rapidly
Exceeds 1.2 billion
900 million
+
400 million
Ages:
0-14
100 million
15-64 275 million
65+
25 million
Hewitt Associates
4
H
Old System (‘Iron Rice Bowl’)
11
H
Implementation Issues
Compliance Administration Preservation Portability Affordability Education Taxation
Hewitt Associates
12
Hale Waihona Puke HSupplementary Pension Plans
2 aspects to every retirement system
Reasons?

Population projections

SOE restructuring

Develop domestic capital markets
Hewitt Associates
7
H
New System (‘Safety Net’)
New Unified Pension System Reform (July 1997) Expand coverage to all urban employees Gradually raise retirement age (to 65 years for men & women)

养老保险(双语版本)

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省级统筹是指包括企业和职工个人缴费比例、基本养老金计发办法、发放标准、基金管理、基金调剂等以省、市、区为单位实行统一管理方式。4个统一：制度统一：全省范围内，城镇各类企业及其职工均应参加基本养老保险，实行统一的基本养老保险制度；标准统一：全省范围内，统一企业及其职工的缴费基数和比例、基本养老金的计发办法、待遇支付标准以及基本养老金调整的幅度；管理统一：基本养老保险基金实行全省的系统管理，规范统一；基金统一调剂使用：基本养老保险基金除支付当期基本养老金外，结余基金实行全省统一管理和调剂（5%）。
Section 1 Background 三个关键点

老龄化社会

养老保障制度框架
发展史

一、老龄化社会（ aging society）
2000年已经……
2037年 :60岁以上的
人口将超过4亿人，传统的养老的方法已不可行了。
二、设立了一套社会化的养老保障制度
一套规定 Regulation 一个框架结构 Framework 一个发展史 History
中国养老保险制度的框架结构
企业养老保险
基本养老保险企业提供的补充养老保险个人储蓄养老保险
政府机关和事业单位的养老保险农村养老保险
中国养老保险覆盖率
2006年中国养老保险覆盖面
保险类别参保人数（万人）与城镇职工总数相比的参保比例(%)
城镇企业政府机构及事业单位农村
18,766 3,682 5,374
66.28 13.00 11.17
城镇企业职工养老保险的发展
第一阶段：改革时期（1978-1990）
关于行业养老保险问题

翰威特-中国养老金改革-PPT精品文档21页

Workers employed for life by State Owned Enterprises (SOE) Low Wages but Total Security Pension at 60 (Males) or 55 (Females) = 80% of final salary Pensions paid by SOEs No Pre-funding or Reserves (i.e. pay-as-you-go), but what if
11
H
Implementation Issues
Compliance Administration Preservation Portability Affordability Education Taxation
Hewitt Associates
12
H
Supplementary Pension Plans
• Special taxes
• Lottery
• Issue of recognition bonds
• Sale of State Owned assets
• Launch of Chinese Tracker Fund
HewittLeabharlann Associates10H
Develop Capital Markets
SOEs to be restructured: 1,000 – 2,000 Merge, close, downsize or corporatize List on stock Market through A shares? How much capital is required in the next 5 years? 10 years? How to apply pension assets to capital markets and maximize

中国养老英语作文

中国养老英语作文In China, the issue of elderly care has become increasingly important as the population ages. Manyfamilies struggle to balance work and caregiving responsibilities for their aging parents.It is common for elderly parents to live with theiradult children in China, as traditional values emphasizefilial piety and respect for elders. However, this arrangement can sometimes lead to conflicts and stresswithin the family.Some families choose to send their elderly parents to nursing homes or assisted living facilities, where they can receive professional care and support. However, the quality of care in these facilities can vary widely, and manyelderly people feel lonely and isolated in this environment.In recent years, the Chinese government has taken steps to improve the social welfare system for the elderly,including increasing pension benefits and expanding access to healthcare services. However, these measures have not been enough to meet the growing demand for elderly care in China.As the population continues to age, it is clear that more needs to be done to ensure that elderly people in China are able to live with dignity and receive the care and support they need. It is a complex issue that requires a multi-faceted approach, involving families, communities, and the government working together to find sustainable solutions.。

中国养老金改革(英文版)

关于养老金改革的作文英语

关于中国养老问题的英语作文

关于养老金改革的作文英语120字

养老保险改革最新外文文献翻译

翰威特-中国养老金改革英文

关于中国养老问题的英语作文

养老保险(英文表达)

中国社会保障改革中英文对照外文翻译文献

关于养老金改革的作文英语120字

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