英法百年战争【英文】
2019年军队文职人员统一招聘考试英语真题
2019年军队文职人员统一招聘考试英语真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：120分钟)一、语法与词汇(总题数：20，分数：10.00)1.My son failed to come back home last night. This morning the police came to our house and ________ my worst fears that he was injured in a car acc ident.（分数：0.50）A.advocatedB.confirmed √C.promisedD.insured解析：A选项意为“提倡，拥护”；B选项意为“确认，确定”；C选项意为“允诺，许诺”；D选项意为“确保，保证”。
题目意为“我儿子昨夜没回家。
今早，警察来我家，________我最担心的是他在车祸中受伤。
”结合题意选择B项，使我确认了我最担心的。
故正确答案为B。
2.In an effort to ________ culture shocks, I think it is necessary to know something about the natur e of culture.（分数：0.50）A.get offB.get byC.get throughD.get over √解析：A选项意为“动身，免于受罚”；B选项意为“通过，获得认可”；C 选项意为“度过（困难时期）”；D选项意为“克服，从······中恢复”。
题目意为“为了________文化冲突，我认为有必要了解文化的本质。
”结合文意选择D项，克服文化冲突。
故正确答案为D。
3.Tom likes swimming, but he doesn't like playing b asketball.________.（分数：0.50）A.So do I.B.So it is with me. √C.Neither do I.D.I do so, too.解析：A选项意为“我也是”，对肯定句作出回应；B选项意为“我的情况也是如此”，相当于it's the same with sb. 一般用于前面既有肯定句又有否定句的情况；C选项意为“我也不”，对否定句作出回应；D选项意为“我也这么做”。
英法百年战争背景和起因
Reasons for the outbreak of war
Fuse of the war was Flanders region (present-day Belgium and the Netherlands). Then Flanders was European industrial developed region. Particularly in wool textile technology was very advanced. So here was the richest part of Europe.
Louis VII
Background
The United Kingdom monarch of golden bird-flower dynasty theoretically was France subjects, should be for the French King effect render one's services. Not only so, regardless of as Royal history intermarriage of in-laws with France, also was as France most powerful of feudal lords, once France throne appeared the situation-old King had no son, or because various causes no legitimate of throne heir.When the nobles struggled for the throne, the monarch of golden bird-flower dynasty was no doubt that to have participation game of qualification! So after the French King died, Edward III formally proposed requirements inherited the throne of France.
The Hundred Years' War 英法百年战争
➢ It was a disaster for the people.Both of their economy was deeply damaged,so the people in the two countries lived in dire poverty.
➢The war in one hundred, crying in one hundred.
➢ From 1380 to 1415, France was in prolonged instability and its industry and commerce declined seriously.
➢ The war stimulated nationalistic sentiment. It devastated France as a land, but it awakened French nationalism.
➢ 贞德原本是一位法国农村少女，她声称在十六岁 时的一日，在村后的大树下遇见天使圣弥额尔、 圣玛加利大和圣加大肋纳，从而得到“上帝的启 示”，要求她带兵收复当时由英格兰人占领的法 国失地。后来她几番转折，得到兵权，于1429年 解奥尔良之围，成为了闻名法国的女英雄，后带 兵多次打败英格兰的侵略者，更促使拥有王位承 继权的查理七世于同年7月16日得以加冕。然而 圣女贞德于1430年在贡比涅一次小冲突中为勃艮 第公国所俘，不久为英格兰人以重金购去，由英 格兰当局控制下的宗教裁判所以异端和女巫罪判 处她火刑，于1431年5月30日在法国鲁昂当众处 死。20年后英格兰军队被彻底逐出法国时，贞德 年老的母亲说服教宗卡利克斯特三世重新审判贞 德的案子，最终于1456年为她平反。500年后被 梵蒂冈封圣。
➢ Hauberk (锁子甲） in Europe had more than one thousand years history. Early in the war, it was still the best protective equipment .But later ， plate armor（板甲） greatly enhance protection.
世界上最会让人误解的10题
世界上最会让人误解的10题话说我看完就觉得这个世界很有深度……⒈百年战争(英法)到底打了多久?⒉巴拿马帽(Panama hat)是哪个国家制造的?⒊猫肠(Cat guts)是从哪种动物身上来的?⒋俄国人在哪一个月庆祝十月革命?⒌骆驼毛刷(Camel's hair brush)是用哪种毛造的?⒍太平洋的金丝雀群岛(Canary ISlands)是以什么动物命名的?⒎英皇乔治五世(King George Ⅵ)的名字叫什么?⒏紫织布鸟(Purple finch)是什么颜色的?⒐中国腊栗(Chi nese gooseberry)是哪里出产的?⒑客机上的黑盒(Black box)是什么颜色的?如果你答案是1.一百年2.巴拿马3.猫4.十月5.骆驼6.金丝雀7.乔治五世(King George Ⅵ)8.紫色9.中国10.黑色那祝贺你 ....错咯 ~~答案公布....1.百年战争（英法)到底打了多久?答：116年2.巴拿马帽panama hat是哪个国家制造的?答：厄瓜多尔ecuador3.猫肠cat guts是从哪种动物身上来的?答：羊和马4.俄国人在哪个月庆祝十月革命?答：11月5.骆驼毛刷camel"s hair brush是用什么毛造的?答：松鼠毛squirrelfur6.太平洋的金丝雀群岛canary islands是以什么动物命名的? 答：狗7.英皇乔治五世king george vi的名字是什么?答：albert8.紫织布鸟purple finch是什么颜色的?答：深红色9.中国醋栗chinese gooseberry是在哪里出产的?答：纽西兰newzealand10.客机上的黑盒black box是什么颜色的? 答：橙色~。
英法百年战争【英文】
Crusades 1095-1291
Trade
▪ Allows for Exchange of ideas
▪ Increased Wealth = Increased Consumer goods/luxuries
▪ Crusades/Trade create unified Christendom
Group (Artisan)
Medieval Universities
Oxford University
The Late Middle Ages and The Catholic Church
Society in 13th Century Europe
▪ Religion Dominates all aspects of life
▪ Scotland
▪ Cologne
Notre Dame, Paris
Theocracy of Europe
▪ Popes, Cardinals anoint Kings
▪ Europe is united in Christianity
▪ Political and Religious hierarchy is similar
▪ Church Monopolizes education
▪ Monasteries centers of education and literature
▪ Monks study and copy ancient texts
▪ Some classic works are preserved
▪ Others destroyed because of the cost of paper
▪ Papacy exerts both secular and spiritual authority
英法百年战争英文PPT
The Europe in the eyes of the British
The Europe in the eyes of the Franch
map:
Battle of Agincourt, England aligned with Burgundy,invaded almost all the north of France 141 5 England attacked Orleans, France was in danger,French people fight aginst the invaters,It become a national liberation movement 142 0 Treaty of Troyes, France had become part oBritish Commonwealthf 142 8 142 9 Jeanne d'Arc appeared,lead the army ,got a lot of victories, Charlie VII crowned Jeanne d'Arc was betrayed ,under the plot of England,she was burnt to death.
St. George's Cross flag
England
35 30 25
20
France
食物 天然气 15
旅馆
10
5
0
一月
二月
三月
四月
五月
六月
king
Edward III
In 1337,he declared himself as the king of france,so Philippe VI determined to recover the whole territory of England in France,and the war began.
浅论英法百年战争爆发的原因2.1
浅论英法百年战争爆发的原因百年战争（Hundred Y ears' War）是指英国和法国，于1337-453年间的战争，是世界最长的战争，断断续续进行了长达116年。
英法两国的战争行动从1337年11月开始，到1338年才正式宣战。
以法王宣布没收爱德华在法国的领地，并出兵包围基恩为开始。
以1453年，英军被法国军民驱赶出去，只控制加莱港一地为结束。
要了解英法百年战争，就要首先了解西欧的封建制度。
在西欧封建制度下，西欧封建主之间普遍结成封君封臣关系。
封臣对封君承担义务，概括来说，分为三项：其一是效忠，不能做危害封君的事；其二是帮助，这是最主要、最重要的义务，包括为封君服兵役、提供协助金和物资；其三是劝告，有义务出席封君召集的会议，提出意见帮助封君，会议兼有封君法庭和封建议事会的性质，审理的案件主要是封臣之间或封臣与封君之间发生的纠纷。
封君对封臣也有义务，主要是保护和维持封臣，不得伤害后者的荣誉、财产和生命。
10世纪后，封土与封臣制紧密结合，封土的领有是世袭的，封臣死后，其子为继续领有封土需重新向封君行臣服礼，所以事实上，封君封臣关系是世袭的，这种关系一经缔结无论是封君还是封臣都不能随意解除。
其次，要了解英法两国的历史渊源。
911年时，西法兰克王查理三世将今法国诺曼底半岛一带封给诺曼人首领罗伦，建立诺曼底公国。
1066年，诺曼底公爵威廉成为英国国王，自此历代英国国王都享受了海峡群岛的统治权。
诺曼底公国从封建义务上是法国的附庸，但是当时英国国王兼任诺曼底公爵，法王与英王之间形成了封君封臣关系，在封建义礼上说，英王九应该臣服于法王，这就为英法百年战争埋下了伏笔。
征服者威廉的儿子亨利一世统治时(1100-1135年)，首先夺取了诺曼底公国，使他与法国卡佩王朝的矛盾益趋激化。
1154年，亨利外孙安茹伯爵继位，是为亨利二世，金雀花王朝统治开始。
亨利二是从父母继承的领土有英格兰、诺曼底、安茹、曼恩、屠棱；由于同阿奎丹女继承人埃莉娜结婚又取得了普瓦都、阿奎丹、加斯科尼，后来在1169年又取得了布列塔尼。
The Hundred Years' War 英法百年战争
The Hundred Years’ War between England andFranceIn 1328, the Capetian dynasty in France came to an end with the death of Charles IV, the son of Philip the Fair. An assembly of French barons gave the crown to Philip VI of Valois, the nephew of Philip the Fair.Causes of the Hundred Years WarEdward III, king of England, asserted that he in fact had a superior claimed to the throne because his mother was Philip the Fair's daughter. This, then, was one of the primary causes of the Hundred Years' War. Another cause of the Hundred Years' War was clearly economic conflict. The French monarchy tried to squeeze new taxes from towns in northern Europe which had grown wealthy as trade and cloth-making centers. Dependent as they were on English wool, these towns through their support behind English and Edward III.The Hundred Years War and the MercenariesTo make matters worse, war had become a more expensive proposition in the 14th century. Larger, healthier and better-trained armies were needed. Most governments began to rely on paid mercenaries to do their fighting for them. The problem with mercenaries is that they were expensive to obtain an even more expensive to retain. More often than not, the mercenary had no allegiance to anyone king and fought for the highest bidder. Furthermore, mercenaries were a competitive and quarrelsome lot. The Hundred Years War - the TaxesTo counteract the high price of war, European monarchs imposed even more taxes upon the people. The French were most adept at this: there were taxes on salt, bread, and wine as well as taxes on the rights to use wine presses, grindstones and mills. And of course, there was the poll tax.The Hundred Years War - the FactionsThe last cause of the Hundred Years' War was factional conflict. By the 14th century the European nobility had become diluted with men who had entered the nobility not because they had a claim by virtue of birth but because of their wealth. Meanwhile, the older nobility was losing income due to declining rents. Many older nobles joined forces with mercenaries in order to maintain their position and status. Other nobles married into wealthy families while still others tried to improve their situation by the buying and selling of royal offices. What all this boiled down to was conflict. Nobles tended to join factions united against other factions. These factions included a greatfamily, their knights, servants and even workers and peasants on the manorial estate. They had their own small armies, loyalties and even symbols of allegiance. The bottom line is that these factions were beginning to form small states within a state and contributed not only to the overall violence of the 14th century but also to the need of monarchs to keep their nobility under constant surveillance. This explains why Louis XIV, the Sun King, housed his nobility at Versailles -- it was so he could keep an eye on them.The Hundred Years War - AquitaineThe most pressing issue during the Hundred Years' War was the status of Aquitaine, a large province in south western France. According to feudal law, Edward III held Aquitaine as part of his fiefdom. Philip attacked this territory, claiming it was rightfully his. Edward's response was to join forces with the Flemish in 1337 and this was the principal cause of the war.The Hundred Years WarThe war, fought entirely on French soil, raged off and on for more than 100 years. English victories were followed by French victories, then a period of stalemate would ensue, until the conflicts again rose to the surface. During periods of truce, English and French soldiers -- most of whom were mercenaries -- would roam the French countryside killing and stealing. After the battle of Agincourt in 1415, won by the English under Henry V, the English controlled most of northern France. It appeared that England would shortly conquer France and unite the two countries under one crown. At this crucial moment in French history, a young and illiterate peasant girl, Joan of Arc (c.1412-1431), helped to rescue France.The One Hundred Years War and Joan of ArcAt the age of 13 Joan believed she had heard the voices of St. Michael, St. Catherine and St. Margaret bidding her to rescue the French people. Believing that God had commanded her to drive the English out of France, Joan rallied the demoralized French troops, leading them in battle. Clad in a suit of white armor and flying her own standard she liberated France from the English at the battle of Orleans. Ultimately captured and imprisoned by the English, Joan of Arc was condemned as a heretic and a witch and stood trial before the Inquisition in 1431. Joan was found guilty and was to be burnt at the stake but at the last moment she broke down and recanted everything. She eventually broke down again and faithful to her "voices," decided to become a martyr and was then burnt at the stake and became a national hero.。
新编英法百年战争
What is the Black Death about?
➢The Black Death was during Edward III period. It was one of the worst natural disasters in history. In 1347 A.D. , a great plague swept(鼠疫)over Europe. One third of the European died.
The Huanr dred Years’ War
Henry Ⅴ
The four famous battles:
Main Events
Edward III Black Death
(1348-49)
Richard II The
Peasant Uprising
Henry V Recognized to
Definition
• A series of wars fought between England and France from 1337 to 1453 that resulted in the final expulsion of the English from all French territories except Calais. It is the longest war in the world. During this period, many new tactics and weapons have developed quickly.
bourgeoisie grew rapidly.
百年战争简介
● 经济
● 不过也许更为重要的是，经济问题才是两国交恶的罪魁祸首。
● 英格兰的经济命脉和皇家国库的正常运转在很大程度上依赖羊毛贸易。中世纪后期，佛兰德斯 （Flanders）是羊毛贸易中心。生产羊毛的英格兰人在这里卖羊毛，而大部分由这些羊毛制成的 商品（呢绒）则取原道返回英格兰。由于羊毛原料出口商和毛呢制成品进口商都要向英王缴税， 因此佛兰德斯的羊毛制品厂商和经销商顺理成章地都愿意支持英格兰利益。
● 百年战争使法国本土遭到了严重的损失。但在战后，法国经济逐渐复兴，战争加速了法兰西民族 意识的高涨，对近代民族国家的形成起了很大作用
原因
● 百年战争（the Hundred Years' War ）产生的原因错综复杂，包含国家间政治、经济、社会、国际关系等 各种因素。尽管通常认为百年战争始于1337年，但在此之前法兰西和英格兰早已累积多年恩怨。
● 1420年5月21日英、法在特鲁瓦签订几乎亡国的特鲁瓦条约。英王亨利五世成为法兰西摄政王， 有权承继查理六世死后的法兰西王位。法兰西已沦为英法联合王国的一部分。
● 1421年，博热之战爆发。法军与巴肯伯爵约翰·斯图亚特率领的苏格兰援军联手，对英军取得胜 利。他们杀死了亨利五世的弟弟，王位继承人克拉伦斯公爵。
● 奥尔良战役的胜利，扭转了法兰西在整个战争中的危难局面，从此战争朝着有利于法兰西的方向发展。此后， 法兰西人民抗英运动继续高涨，英军节节败退。
● 1429年7月，王子查理在兰斯加冕，称查理七世。1430年在康边城附近的战斗中，当贞德及其部队被英军所 逼、撤退回城时，这些封建主把她关在城外，最后竟以4万法郎将她卖给了英格兰人。贞德宁死不屈，她说： “为了法兰西，我视死如归。”1431年5月29日上午，贞德备受酷刑之后在卢昂城下被活活烧死，她的骨灰 被投到塞纳河中。死时，贞德还不满20岁。
百年战争(英文)
Date Warring sides Result Territorial changes
1337–1453 France, PK England, French victory England lost almost all continental territory (领土)of France.
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The whole France revolted(反抗) England. In 1428 Battle of Orleans(奥尔良) go 1437——1441——1450——1453 In 1558,France captured(攻陷)Calais(加莱)， the Hundred Years’ War was over.
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Байду номын сангаасgo
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To both sides: It is a disaster To France: Awaken national consciousness. The whole France became united. Population reduction. To England: England gained nothing but lost almost all the territory of France.
1. The English kings owned a great many Frence territory(领土). 2. Most officers（官员） in England were Frence.
王位继承问题
1337——1360
英法百年战争英文版介绍
It‘s the longest war of the sted for 116 years,from 1337 to 1453. It began betweeen The Kingdom of England and The Kingdom of France.
1340,England beat France in Battle of Sluys(斯鲁伊斯海战),England controled the English channel(英吉利海峡).
August 1346,England got a great victory in Battle of Crécy. The next year,in July,England captured Calais.
In 1415,England invaded most of French territories,which was about all of the north. On 21st May,1420,England and France concluded and signed Treaty of Troyes(特鲁瓦条 约).England became the prince regent(摄政王) of France,had the right to inherit the throne(王位) .France had reduced to be a part of British Commonwealth(英联邦).◎ In October,1428,England invaded Orleans(奥尔良),French people raised guerrillas(游击队) to fight against the invaders.The war had become a national liberation movement(民族解放运 动).
Hundred Year's War 英法百年战争
•
第四阶段
(1429年 - 145各方纷纷反抗，游击队经常 捉拿英格兰的征税者，牵制英军部队，帮助法军很大。
• 1428年10月，英军和勃艮地派包围了奥尔良，法军严重不利。 此时法国出现一位传颂后世的救星圣女贞德，指挥法军于1429年5月 败英格兰，奥尔良解围，赢得重大胜利，扭转了整个战局。 才19岁的圣女贞德不久便被英军捉住，1431年以女巫罪处死。这激起 国的民族义愤，助使法军作出大反攻。1437年，法军光复首都巴黎。 • • • 1441年，收复香槟地区。 1450年，解放曼恩和诺曼底。 1453年，夺回吉耶讷。
• 然而，英法的亨利五世和查理六世却于1422年同年去逝。 两方新王亨利六世和查理七世为争夺法国王位，再度交火。 百年战争进入第四阶段。
阿金库尔战役
Battle of Agincourt
1415年10月25日
• 英军一个月前刚刚经过哈福娄围攻战，伤亡达4000人。英王亨利五世不得不率领剩下 的5000长弓手和900骑兵撤退。法军起先避免与英军接触，但当英军吃光了随军带的1 星期的干粮而不得不靠劫掠和野果来充饥时，法国人大概认为时机有利，无数大大小 小的法国贵族都带着一支队伍加入法军想捡个便宜。这使法军拥有数量上的绝对优势 而缺乏有效的最高指挥。法军在阿金库尔堵住了英军北撤之路，英王亨利五世前一天 的求和被拒绝，只有靠一战来冲出一条路了。 亨利命令英军向前推进，两翼紧靠树林，英军整齐地缓缓推进到距法军250米（长弓有 效射程）的距离上停下，每个长弓手都将准备好的两头削尖的木桩插入脚下的泥沼地 中，让另一尖端斜向着法军方向。随着亨利一声令下，英国长弓手发出了第一次齐射， 天空立即被密密麻麻的箭簇所覆盖而法国人遭到了一阵箭雨的袭击。如梦初醒般，法 军第一线开始向英军冲击。法军两翼的重骑兵本应迂回攻击英军的侧翼，但因为两侧 的树林不得不正面冲击英军两翼的长弓阵地。法军骑兵遭到了很大损失，少数冲到英 军阵前也无力突破拒马，不得不在退却中承受更多的穿甲箭攻击。失去了主人的受伤 或受惊的战马在战场上乱跑，冲乱了随后冲上来的法军一线步兵。尽管法军第一波冲 击使英军少许后退，但英军很快重新拉直了队伍与法军搏斗。混乱得法军更像是集体 冲向一场大屠杀，无数法国贵族就此倒下或被俘。法军弓弩和火炮由于两军交错而无 法射击，很多人实际上整场战役一箭未发。法军尸体堆积如山，二三线的法军见此情 景都被吓得逃出了战场，以至当法军第三线骑兵开始冲锋时仅剩下了600人。半小时英 军就取得了决定性的胜利。亨利下了一道不寻常的命令结束了这场战役，英军处死了 所有的法军俘虏。此战法军损失过万，仅大大小小的贵族就战死了5000多。英军最大 的损失是战死的约克公爵，其他损失不过是十余名骑士和100余长弓手。
The Hundred Year27s War 英法百年战争(课堂PPT)
3
The background
The hundred year’s war106613371453 1485
William
The medieval age
…….
Henry Ⅱ
Richard Ⅰ
Consolidate the feudalism
2020/4/3
4
In 1154
Henry Ⅱ the United Kingdom's ruler France's subjects(国民）
attack France, the war began.
1337-1360 :England and France fought for Flanders
and Keane(基恩）.
1340 Battle of Sluys (斯鲁伊斯海战)
1346 Battle of Crécy(克雷西会战）
Louis VII the French King
did not meet any obligations as France nobles
tried every way to fight against Henry, regained the 2020/4/3territory belonging to Fran5ce
United Kingdom (lion)would be regarded as France's (lily)ruler, France King was very angry.
the wars were broke up between United Kingdom and France finally
2.France gave lots of French territories to England
英美文化-百年战争
百年战争引言Hundred Years' War是指英国和法国，以及后来加入的勃艮地，于1337年至1453年间的战争，是世界最长的战争，断断续续进行了长达116年。
14世纪，法国人试图把英国人赶出法国的西南部，从而统一法国。
英国当然不愿退出，并欲夺回祖先的土地如诺曼底、曼恩、安茹等。
当时英法两国因为贸易利益的关系，均对佛兰德斯做出争夺，使它们之间的冲突加深。
战争的导火线是英王爱德华三世乘法国卡佩王朝绝嗣之际，欲以近亲的关系继承法国王位，但最后却由腓力六世所获得，因此爱德华三世对法国宣战，以夺取法国王位。
当时神圣罗马帝国的诸侯和佛兰德斯站在英国一方，而苏格兰和罗马教皇则支持法国。
百年战争依局势的转变，大致可分为四个阶段。
The Hundred Years' War refers to the war Between Britain and France that lasted intermittently from 1337 to 1453, is the world's longest war. In 14th Century, in order to unify the French, the French tried to put the British out of southwestern France. The British certainly do not want to quit, and tried to regain their ancestral lands, such as Normandy, Anjou, Maine. At that time, Britain and France because of the relationship between trade interests, were made for Flanders, the conflict between them deepened. At that time, because of the relationship between trade interests, Britain and France were competing for Flanders, this makes the conflict between them deepened. War fuse is mainly the throne inheritance problem. In 1328, Charles IV died, the French capetian JueSi, branch African valois of Philip vi succession, whose king Charles IV to his nephew's qualifications, and Philip VI for the throne, triggering war. In accordance with changes in the situation, the hundred years' war can be roughly divided into four stages.1、第一阶段(1337年—1360年)是双方对佛兰德斯和基恩的争夺战。
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Crusades 1095-1291
Trade
Allows for Exchange of ideas Increased Wealth = Increased Consumer goods/luxuries Crusades/Trade create unified Christendom Renaissance of the 13th Century?
Chartres, France
Competition to Build the Grandest Cathedral for the Glory of God
Scotland Cologne
Notre Dame, Paris
Theocracy of Europe
Popes, Cardinals anoint Kings Europe is united in Christianity Political and Religious hierarchy is similar Some diversity in practices and beliefs Church, Good Works, Sacraments, Key to Salvation Preoccupown (The Founding)
Towns begin to develop around Europe Centered around Churches and Markets Dominated by Guilds Non-Traditional Social Group (Artisan)
Feudalism: Parallel Pyramids
State King Lords Lesser Lords Knights Artisans Peasantry, Serfs Church Pope Cardinals Arch Bishop Bishop Clergy and Religious Orders Parishioners
Medieval Castle
The Black Plague
Social Relations
A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.
Social History
Peasants Agrarian society Very little opportunity for social mobility Labor/product is currency Peasant are producers and consumers Life is short, days are long, goal salvation Service for Protection Women and Family High infant Mortality 20%of Women die in child birth Family works together to farm small plots of land After Marriage women are husbands property No rights to inheritance Education takes place in the home
Medieval Universities
Oxford University
The Late Middle Ages and The Catholic Church
Society in 13th Century Europe Religion Dominates all aspects of life Papacy exerts both secular and spiritual authority Age of the great Cathedrals and Gothic Art Renaissance of the 13th Century
Introduction to Modern European History: Feudal Society
Adorate Deum
Social, Political and Economic Influences of the Late Middle Ages (Overview)
Art and Literature
Christian focus Very little realism
Some Ancient Symbology
Blend of Ancient Pagan Traditions and Christianity 13th and 14th Century Papacy tries to tighten the reigns on ancient symbology
How the Church Saved Civilization
Church Monopolizes education Monasteries centers of education and literature Monks study and copy ancient texts Some classic works are preserved Others destroyed because of the cost of paper