宁波大学分子生物学考研真题试题2009年—2019年(缺13、14、15)含部分标准答案
宁波大学942食品微生物学2009--2017,2019年考研初试真题
1、产甲烷细菌和甲烷氧化菌在生态学上的相互关系称
关系;泡菜制作过程中乳酸菌与
腐败菌相互竞争,乳酸菌产生乳酸抑制其它腐败菌生长,其生态学上称
关系。
2、葡萄糖在生物氧化的脱氢阶段中,可通过 4 条代谢途径完成其脱氢反应,它们分别是
途
径、
途径、 ED 途径和
循环。从代谢产物类型来说,色素维生素等属
于
。
3、细胞质中的异染颗粒为
贮藏物,聚 Beta-羟丁酸为
贮藏物。
4、黄酒酿造中制曲的目的有
和
;啤酒酿造中麦芽的作用
酒酿造主发酵温度
; 罐藏食品其微生物检验常用的培养温度有
和
两种。
5、酱油酿造所用典型菌株为
,生理上应具有较强的
酶活性。
6、下列菌名的中文名称:Aspergillus niger
,
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
。
12. 果蔬的腐败常由
等菌引起,是因为
。
13. 梭状芽孢杆菌的分离用
法, 因为
,
14. 配制固体培养基常用的凝固剂为
,其特点为
。
四、问答题(共 8 题,共 60 分)
1.试述烈性噬菌体繁殖的裂解性周期。(7 分)
2.举例说明抗代谢药物的特点及作用机制。(6 分)
3.试比较细胞膜运输营养物质的四种方式及其特点。(6 分)
扩散性运送。
()
4.异型乳酸发酵是乳酸菌通过 HMP 途径且代谢产物不只是乳酸的发酵类型。 ( )
5.分批培养时,细菌经历一个适应期,此期间细胞处于代谢活动的低潮,
细胞数目并不增加。
()
6.Ts 突变株是一类条件致死突变株。
2019年宁波大学考博试题2611医学分子生物学(A卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码:2611总分值:100科目名称:医学分子生物学一、名词解释(每题2分,共20分)1.分子生物学2.细胞周期检查点3.单倍型不足4.功能克隆5.基因工程6.Structural gene7.Autophagy8.Molecular chaperon9.Ubiquitination10.Gene therapy二、选择题(每题1分,共30分)1.基因的基本概念不包含以下内容A.是核酸分子中贮存遗传信息的基本单位B.是RNA和蛋白质相关遗传信息的基本存在形式C.是指编码RNA和蛋白质多肽链序列信息D.是表达这些信息所必需的全部核苷酸序列E.是蛋白质和核酸的复合体2.真核生物基因的调控序列不包括A.增强子B.OCT-1C.GC盒D.外显子E.TATA盒3.以下哪个不是人类基因组计划的内容A.代谢图B.遗传图C.物理图D.转录图E.序列图4.反式作用因子的活性调节不包括以下方式A.表达式调节B.反馈调节C.配体结合D.蛋白质与蛋白质相互作用E.共价修饰(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码:2611总分值:100科目名称:医学分子生物学5.细胞周期调控涉及四个检查点,但不包括以下哪一个A.G0期检查点B.S期检查点C.G2期检查点D.G1-S期检查点E.M期检查点6.有关细胞周期蛋白说法,不正确的是A.CDK可以磷酸化cyclinB.cyclin D可与CDK4/6结合,促使RB磷酸化C.cyclin E可与CDK2/3结合,促使细胞通过G1-S检查点D.cyclin A浓度在细胞周期是固定不变的E.cyclin B是M期重要的调节蛋白7.细胞凋亡具有重要作用,以下描述哪点不正确A.凋亡能够清除衰老和损伤的细胞B.胞质蛋白交联使凋亡小体稳定C.凋亡的发生不需要ATP的参与D.核DNA的降解是非随机性的E.免疫细胞可引起凋亡8.视网膜母细胞瘤与以下哪个肿瘤抑制基因突变有关A.BRCAB.TP53C.RCCD.RB1E.APC9.下列有关不同基因组DNA复制的共同机制,说法错误的是A.基因组DNA都有固定的复制起始点B.以复制子为基本单位进行复制C.半保留复制D.半不连续复制E.通过复制中间体完成复制10.端粒酶主要组分包括A.DNAB.蛋白质C.DNA和蛋白质D.RNA和蛋白质E.RNA(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码:2611总分值:100科目名称:医学分子生物学11.真核生物基因组DNA复制的特点,以下说法错误的是A.需要解开和重新组装核小体B.有多个复制起始点C.全部DNA复制完成后方可启动下一轮复制D.线粒体DNA通过滚环模式复制E.采用特殊的机制来复制端粒12.以下物质不会引起DNA损伤的有A.紫外线B.甲硫氨酸C.硫酸二乙酯D.5-FUE.亚硝酸盐13.不适合选作基因工程药物表达体系的是A.大肠杆菌B.酵母C.线虫D.昆虫杆状病毒E.中国仓鼠卵巢细胞14.能引起应激反应的因素是A.夏天高温B.机械撞击C.紫外线D.蛋白质E.以上全部15.属于细胞水平应激反应的是A.氧化应激B.表达热激蛋白C.急性期应激反应D.凝血蛋白的增加E.血浆白蛋白聚集16.可能引起基因治疗风险的基因导入方法是A.脂质体法B.直接注射C.慢病毒D.受体介导基因转移E.以上全部17.下列哪个是普遍存在于真核基因中的RNA剪接的识别信号A.GC-AT法则B.AG-GT法则C.GT-AG法则D.GT-AC法则E.GG-AA法则18.导致蛋白质合成提前终止的是下列哪种突变A.同义突变B.错义突变C.无义突变D.反义突变E.移码突变19.基因诊断和其它诊断比较,最主要的特点是A.费用低B.周期短C.取材方便D.针对致病基因E.无需设备20.PCR的特异性主要取决于A.循环次数B.模板量C.DNA聚合酶活性D.引物特异性E.扩增温度(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码:2611总分值:100科目名称:医学分子生物学21.可用于检测单链DNA的分子杂交技术是指A.Eastern印迹B.Northern印迹C.Southern印迹D.Western印迹E.Dot印迹22.RNA的二级结构是指:A.双螺旋结构B.发夹结构C.三维结构D.倒L型结构E.超螺旋23.核酸分子的一级结构是指:A.核苷酸的数目B.核苷酸的排列顺序C.氢键的数目D.磷酸二酯键的位置E.核苷酸的种类24.在原核生物转录起始阶段中,有下列哪类酶发挥作用:A.RNA聚合酶全酶B.RNA聚合酶核心酶C.同工酶D.双功能酶E.异构酶25.在原核细胞操纵子结构中,没有表达产物的DNA序列是:A.调节序列B.结构基因C.操纵序列D.外显子E.以上都对26.在翻译过程中,tRNA把以下哪个(些)分子联系起来:A.氨基酸B.mRNAC.rRNAD.A和BE.A和C27.在转录延长过程中,RNA聚合酶与DNA模板的结合是:A.全酶与模板结合B.核心酶与模板特定位点结合C.结合状态相对牢固稳定D.结合松弛有利于RNA聚合酶向前移动E.通过氢键结合28.电子显微镜下观察到原核生物转录过程的羽毛状图形,说明:A.可见复制叉B.转录产物RNA与模板DNA形成很长的杂化双链C.多聚核糖体生成必须在转录完成后才出现D.转录没终止即开始翻译E.说明有内含子(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码:2611总分值:100科目名称:医学分子生物学29.关于遗传密码,以下哪点不正确:A.方向性B.简并性C.通用性D.AUU是终止密码子E.无标点符号30.原核生物蛋白质合成的起始阶段与mRNA结合的核糖体小亚基是:A.30SB.40SC.60SD.70SE.80S三、论述题(每题10分,共30分)1.试述真核生物基因组的特点。
宁波大学材料力学考研真题试题2009年—2019年
考试科目:材料力学科目代码:923适用专业:岩土工程、结构工程、市政工程、防灾减灾工程及防护工程第1页共6页一、选择题(本题40分,每小题5分)1.2.3.4.考试科目:材料力学科目代码:923适用专业:岩土工程、结构工程、市政工程、防灾减灾工程及防护工程第2页共6页5.6.7.考试科目:材料力学科目代码:923适用专业:岩土工程、结构工程、市政工程、防灾减灾工程及防护工程第3页共6页8.二、填空题(本题20分,每小题4分)1.2.3.考试科目:材料力学科目代码:923适用专业:岩土工程、结构工程、市政工程、防灾减灾工程及防护工程第4页共6页4.5.三、计算题(本题共90分,每小题15分)1.(本题15分)2.(本题15分)考试科目:材料力学科目代码:923适用专业:岩土工程、结构工程、市政工程、防灾减灾工程及防护工程第5页共6页3.(本题15分)4.(本题15分)注:考试科目:材料力学科目代码:923适用专业:岩土工程、结构工程、市政工程、防灾减灾工程及防护工程5.(本题15分)6.(本题15分)第6页共6页科目代码:923科目名称:材料力学适用专业:岩土工程结构工程市政工程防灾减灾工程及防护工程桥梁与隧道工程一、选择题(本题40分,每小题5分)1.2.3.4.科目代码:923科目名称:材料力学适用专业:岩土工程结构工程市政工程防灾减灾工程及防护工程桥梁与隧道工程5.6.7.科目代码:923科目名称:材料力学适用专业:岩土工程结构工程市政工程防灾减灾工程及防护工程桥梁与隧道工程8.二、填空题(本题20分,每小题4分)1.2.3.4.5.当构件做等加速直线运动或匀速转动时,构件内部各质点将产生力,从而导致结构内部附加的动应力。
在用法求解动应力时,除了外加荷载外,还需要在构件内部加上这种力。
科目代码:923科目名称:材料力学适用专业:岩土工程结构工程市政工程防灾减灾工程及防护工程桥梁与隧道工程三、计算题(本题共90分,每小题15分)1.(本题15分)2.(本题15分)3.(本题15分)科目代码:923科目名称:材料力学适用专业:岩土工程结构工程市政工程防灾减灾工程及防护工程桥梁与隧道工程4.(本题15分)注:科目代码:923科目名称:材料力学适用专业:岩土工程结构工程市政工程防灾减灾工程及防护工程桥梁与隧道工程5.(本题15分)6.(本题15分)(以下空白,请勿在空白处答题)科目代码:923 总分值:150 科目名称:材料力学一、选择题(本题40分,每小题5分)1.2.3.科目代码:923 总分值:150 科目名称:材料力学4.5.6.7.科目代码:923 总分值:150 科目名称:材料力学8.二、填空题 (本题20分,每小题4分)1. 铸铁拉伸时实际为应力破坏2. 铸铁压缩时实际为应力破坏3.4.5.科目代码:923 总分值:150 科目名称:材料力学三、计算题 (本题共90分,每小题15分)1.(本题15分)2.(本题15分)3.(本题15分)宁波大学2018年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(B 卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码: 923 总分值: 150 科目名称: 材料力学 4.(本题15分)5. (本题15分)已知:, 33B Fl w EI =22B Fl EIθ=6. (本题15分)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码:923 总分值:150 科目名称:材料力学一、选择题(本题40分,每小题5分)1.2.3.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码:923 总分值:150 科目名称:材料力学4.5.6.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码:923 总分值:150 科目名称:材料力学7.8.二、填空题 (本题20分,每小题4分)1.2.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码:923 总分值:150 科目名称:材料力学3.4.5.三、计算题(本题90分,每题15分,共6题)1.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码:923 总分值:150 科目名称:材料力学2.3.4.(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码: 923 总分值: 150 科目名称: 材料力学5.已知:6.BB。
宁波大学942食品微生物学2009--2017,2019--2020年初试考研真题
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
科目代码: 942 总分值: 150 科目名称:
一、概念解释 (每题 3 分,共 30 分)
1. 发酵 2. 外源性污染 3. 分离 4. 拮抗 5. 双名法 6. 烈性噬菌体 7. 营养缺陷型 8. 脂多糖 9. 生物转化 10. EMB 培养基
五、简答与论述题 (共 6 题,总共 38 分)
1. 写出至少三种空气杀菌消毒的常用方法,并说明杀菌原理。(6 分) 2. 微生物有哪五大共性,并简要分析。(5 分) 3. 论述由微生物引起食物变质的基本因素是什么?防止食物腐败变质的途径有哪些?请加以分析。(6 分) 4. 一种蔬菜经腌制发酵过程后,通过检测其微生物多样性及腌制发酵过程的变化,发现其菌群构成及种
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宁波大学 2020 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A 卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
科目代码: 942 总分值: 150 科目名称:
食品微生物学
类发生变化(消长),从微生物生长繁殖影响因素等角度,解释其变化原因。(7 分)
5. 什么是 Ames 实验?试述用 Ames 法检测微量“三致”物质的理论依据及方法要点。(6 分)
细胞数目并不增加。
()
6.Ts 突变株是一类条件致死突变株。
()
7.嗜酸微生物可以在酸性环境中较好地生长,因细胞内酶系等可以是酸性的。 ( )
8. 防腐一般指采用较温和的方法杀灭有害的病原菌生长的方法。
()
9. 干热灭菌相对湿热灭菌达到相同的灭菌效果采用的温度高时间短。
()
10.专性好氧菌以分子氧为最终氢受体,具有超氧化歧化酶和过氧化氢酶。
宁波大学《741生物化学1》考研专业课真题试卷
A. Tm=86 C. Tm=84
B 页, 共 4 页
宁波大学 2014 年攻读硕士学位研究生
考试科目:生物化学
入 学 考 试 试 题(A 卷) (答案必须写在答题纸上)
科目代码: 741 适用专业: 海洋生物学 、生物化学与分子生物学
7.下列哪种物质是胆固醇合成的前体:
A. Km 值增大,Vmax 不变
B. Km 值减小,Vmax 不变
C. Km 值不变,Vmax 增大
D. Km 值不变,Vmax 减小
20.当层析系统为正丁醇∶冰醋酸∶水=4∶1∶5 时,用纸层析法分离苯丙氨酸(F)、丙氨酸(A)
和苏氨酸(T)时,它们的 Rf 值之间关系应为:
A. F>A>T B. F>T>A
A. 启动子
B. 终止子
C. 调节基因
D. 操纵基因
10.油料种子萌发时,把脂肪酸降解成的乙酰 CoA 转化成糖异生原料的代谢途径是:
A. 三羧酸循环
B. 乙醛酸循环
C. 卡尔文循环
D. 鸟氨酸循环
11.纤维素分子的糖苷键是哪种糖苷键:
A. α(1→4)
B. α(1→6)
C. β(1→4)
D. β(1→6)
12.糖酵解的限速酶是:
A. 乳酸脱氢酶
B. 醛缩酶
C. 磷酸果糖激酶
D. G-6-P 酶
13.前列腺素是一种:
A. 环羟脂酸
B. 寡聚糖
C. 多肽激素
D. 氨基酸
14.酶催化反应中,决定酶促反应专一性的是:
A. 酶蛋白
B. 辅酶
C. 底物
D. 金属离子
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宁波大学 2014 年攻读硕士学位研究生
宁波大学信号与系统考研真题试题2009年—2019年(缺13、14、15)
R
t=0
V
i(t)
C vC(t)
题图 4
5. (16 分) 某一离散时间因果 LTI 系统的差分方程为
y(n) 3 y(n 1) 1 y(n 2) x(n) ax(n 1) 。
4
8
(1) 若输入 x(n) (1)n 时,输出 y(n) 16 (1)n ,求系统函数 H(z),画出零极点图,标明 ROC 15
② 求该系统的频率响应,并判断该系统的稳定性;
③
当输入
x(n)
1 2
n
u(n)
,
y(1)
0,
y(2) 8 时,求该系统的零输入和零状态响应;
④
当输入
x(n)
3
1 2
n
u(n)
,
y(1)
0,
y(2) 4 时,求该系统的完全响应。
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宁波大学 2018 年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A 卷)
信号与系统
电路与系统 通信与信息系统 信号与信息处理 电子与通信工程 集成电路工程
1.(12 分)一系统由如下方程描述: y(t) x(t)sin(t) ,试论证如下问题:
① 该系统是不是线性系统?为什么? ② 该系统是不是时不变系统?为什么? ③ 该系统是不是因果系统?为什么?
2. ( 14 分 ) 一 线 性 时 不 变 系 统 , 在 相 同 起 始 状 态 下 , 当 激 励 为 f (t) 时 , 其 全 响 应 为 y1(t) 2et cos(2t), t 0 ;当激励为 2 f (t) 时,其全响应为 y2 (t) et 2 cos(2t), t 0 。 试求在同样起始状态下,当激励为 4 f (t) 时系统的全响应 y(t) 。
宁波大学生物化学与分子生物学2009--2020年考博初试真题
宁波大学2020年博士研究生招生考试初试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)宁波大学2019年博士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)第1页共1页宁波大学2018年博士研究生招生考试初试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)科目代码: 2607 科目名称:生物化学与分子生物学第 1 页共1 页宁波大学2014年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题(B卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:生物化学与分子生物学科目代码:2607适用专业:水产养殖、渔业资源、水产资源综合利用一、名词解释(任选10题,每题4分,共40分)1.Michaelis constant(Km)2.β-oxidation of fatty acid3.salt-out of proteinpetitive inhibition of enzyme5.high performance liquid chromography(HPLC)6.isoelectric point7.transfer RNA(tRNA)8.2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB)9.transcriptome10.T-vector11.single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)12.Southern blotting二、问答题(共60分)1.什么是生物学中心法则。
(5分)2.什么是荧光定量PCR?简述其反应原理和意义。
(5分)3.说明饥饿情况下动物机体动员脂肪及蛋白质的意义。
(10分)4.凝胶过滤层析和SDS-PAGE均可用来测定蛋白的分子量,简述各自的基本原理,并说明用这两种方法测得的血红蛋白分子量有什么差别?(10分)5.试述DNA复制过程中需要哪些酶和蛋白质参与,各具什么作用。
(10分)6.NCBI是National Center for Biotechnology Information的简称,即美国国立生物技术信息中心,这个网站对你学习分子生物学的过程中有什么作用?(10分)7.你如何理解分子生物学?在水产养殖、渔业资源和水产品资源利用中可以解决哪些问题,至少举2例加以详细说明。
宁波大学医学分子生物学2017--2020年考博初试真题
宁波大学2020年博士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
科目代码:2611总分值:100科目名称:医学分子生物学
一、名词解释(每小题3分,共30分)
1.蛋白质磷酸化
2.分子伴侣
3.DNA甲基化
4.半保留复制
5.非编码RNA
6.细胞衰老
7.抑癌基因
8.基因诊断
9.计算基因组学
10.基因编辑
二、选择题(每小题1分,共15分)
1.以下有关基因组复制的说法,不正确的是:
A.真核细胞DNA复制酶常见的有5种,分别是Polα,Polβ,Polγ,Polδ,Polε
B.Polα和引发酶复合物合成RNA-DNA引物
C.Polδ负责DNA随从链的复制和DNA损伤修复
D.真核生物DNA链延伸不需要Polα
2.真核DNA复制调节相关的因子不包括:
A.Cyclin
B.CDK
C.tRNA
D.端粒
3.DNA损伤不包括:
A.碱基丢失
B.碱基突变
C.DNA连接
D.DNA链断裂
4.DNA损伤修复途径不包括:
A.互补配对
B.重组修复
C.错配修复
D.切除修复
5.以下有关蛋白质折叠说法错误是:
A.蛋白质折叠形成其天然构象才具备生物学功能
B.蛋白质既可以自发折叠也可以伴侣蛋白参与折叠
C.新合成的蛋白不需要分子伴侣,而变性蛋白需要分子伴侣协助
D.原核生物蛋白和真核生物蛋白折叠所需的伴侣蛋白类型不同
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宁波大学3816细胞生物学2009--2019年考博初试专业课真题
宁波大学2019年博士研究生招生考试初试试题(B卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
科目代码:3816总分值:100科目名称:细胞生物学
一、名词解释(每题3分,共30分)
1.核仁
2.细胞通讯
3.脂质体
4.细胞培养
5.细胞自噬
6.信号肽
7.端粒
8.凋亡小体
9.Hayflick界限
10.分子开关
二、问答题(共55分)
1.Na+-K+泵工作原理及生理学意义(8分)
2.列举可用于细胞形态结构观察5种显微镜类型及其特定功能。
(7分)
3.模式生物的特点是什么?请列举说明模式生物的使用在细胞生物学研究中的作用(7分)
4.请简述肌肉收缩原理。
(8分)
5.请简述依赖于甘露糖-6-磷酸(M6P)分选途径的溶酶体酶的合成、加工和分选过程。
(10分)
6.请简述细胞细胞骨架的类型、功能。
(6分)
7.请简述细胞凋亡与坏死的区别是什么?有什么常用方法鉴定细胞凋亡?(9分)
三、论述题(共15分)
1.简述受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶介导的RTKs-Ras信号通路组成及其功能。
20世纪90年代末,克林顿实验室的一名研究生发现了一种特殊形式的HER2蛋白。
该蛋白与HER2胞外域的一小部分类似,但没有位于细胞和细胞膜内的部分。
因其抗癌作用原理,将之命名为戴默赛特(Dimercept)。
请根据前面所述原理以及下图说明戴默塞特这个抗肿瘤药物作用原理。
(7分)
第1页共2页。
2019年宁波大学考博试题2607生物化学与分子生物学(A卷)
二、 问答题(共 40 分)
1. 什么是核酸的熔解温度 Tm,其影响因素有哪些?(6 分) 2. 什么是蛋白质的二级结构?至少说出两种二级结构类型和特点(8 分) 3. 什么是酶活力和比活力?测定酶活性时候要注意哪些问题?(8 分) 4. 简述 PCR 和 qPCR 的相同点和不同点。(8 分) 5. 什么是蛋白组?蛋白组分析的主要技术和原理是什么?(10 分)
宁波大学 2019 年博士研究生招生考试初试试题(A 卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
科目代码: 2607 总分值: 100 科目名称:
生物化学与分子生物学
一、 名词解释 (选答 10 个,多答不给分,每个 4 分,共 40 分)
1. Isoelectric point 2. Semi-conservative replication 3. Expressed sequence tag 4. Zymogen activation 5. cipitation 6. Promoter 7. Transcription factor 8. β-oxidation of fatty acids 9. Western blotting 10. Transfection 11. Kjeldahl method for nitrogen determination 12. Affinity chromatography
三、论述题(20 分)
RNA 的加工和修饰影响细胞的多种功能,随着高通量测序和其他生物技术的发展, 新的加 工和修饰类型被发现,请说出真核生物 mRNA 转录后加工修饰的类型及其意义(至少四种)。
第1页共1页
宁波大学基础英语考研真题试题2009 、2010、2012、2016年—2019年
考试科目:基础英语科目代码:661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第2页共8页12.Piquette must have been seventeen then,although she looked about twenty.I stared at her,astounded that anyone could have changed so much.A.overwhelmed B.greatly surprised C.worried D.frightened13.Hitler’s blood lust and the hateful appetites have impelled him on his Russian adventure.A.ambition B.stomach C.belly D.intestines14.Burne-Wilke’s cabin had the dark,warm,comfortable look of a library den.“I say,Henry,what is your position on shipboard drinking?I have a fair bottle of cherry here.”A.much-contented B.just C.nice D.beautiful15.No one would anticipate that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials in history.A.evolve B.run C.develop D.roll16.Mr.President,I second the proposal!(A silence;Hancock swats a fly.)A.succeed B.propose C.support D.stand17.The house detective’s gaze moved on to sweep the spacious,well-appointed room.A.clean B.mop C.clear D.examine18.They rise out of the earth,they sweat and starve for a few years,and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.A.work hard B.feel hot C.fall ill D.feel hungry19.Sitting in her chair,she clasped her hands in order to conceal their trembling.A.pretend B.uncover C.prevent D.disguise20.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.A.imposed B.described C.inscribed D.subscribedSection B.Lexical interpretation.There are ten words or phrases underlined in the following sentences.You are required to use other English words or phrases to explain them with the meanings that best suit those sentences (1×10points).For example:Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.Answer:great eloquence1.Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards,taut and protesting.2.I went back to my room with a heavy heart.I had gravely underestimated the size of my task.3.Here you can find beautiful pots and bowls engraved with delicate and intricate traditional designs,or the simple,everyday kitchenware used in this country.考试科目:基础英语科目代码:661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第3页共8页4.Barring the catastrophe of nuclear war,it will continue to shape both modern culture and the consciousness of those who inhabit that culture.5.The Nazi regime excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression.6.It was familiar ground;boy and man,I had been through it often before.But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.7.This is a war in which the whole nation is engaged without distinction of race,creed,or party.8.Ever-increasing production,the drive to make bigger and better things,have become aims in themselves,new ideals.Work has become alienated from the working person.9.I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.10.What they had wanted was an America more sensitive to art and culture,less avid for material gain.II.Cloze (20points)Directions:There are twenty blanks in the following passage.You are required to fill the words or phrases in them that best complete the passage to make a smooth and logical reading semantically,syntactically and textually.The words that you use to fill in the blanks can be any that you think are suitable and able to make the passage smooth in meaning and grammar.Radical feminists,however,remained hostile to the temptations of consumer capitalism.Drawing inspiration from the civil rights slogan “The Personal is Political,”movement activists (1)_______as Casey Hayden and Mary King began (2)_______organize women against the male domination (3)_______SNCC (Students for a Democratic Society),and (4)_______groups.Despite the radical community’s support (5)_______equal rights,they asserted,New Left men reflected the establishment culture by assigning women office duties (6)_______other minor tasks.Feminists also complained (7)_______the male-oriented sexual revolution degraded women (8)_______treating them (9)_______playthings and objects (10)_______conquests.While their male colleagues greeted their efforts with ridicule and open hostility,New Left women introduced “rap”sessions to share (11)_______complaints and address gender identity issues.(12)_______1968,200(13)_______feminists organized (14)_______first women’s liberation demonstration.Calling themselves the Women’s International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell (WITCH),activists projected (15)_______“sexism”and capitalism’s “objectification”of women’s bodies.They picketed the Miss America Pageant and threw “instruments of torture”such as brassieres考试科目:基础英语科目代码:661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第4页共8页and high-heeled (16)_______into a “freedom trash can.”Feminists focused (17)_______women’s control of their (18)_______bodies with an agenda (19)_______included the right to legal abortions,distribution of birth control literature,and passage of tougher laws (20)_______rape and spousal abuse.III.Error Detection and Correction (20points)Directions:There are twenty-one errors in the following passage.You may detect and correct either twenty of them or more than that.When you get more than twenty correct answers,your scores will not surpass twenty.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.As a human beings,you have maintained across time a core sense of self,thanks in good part as memory.Nevertheless,the I that is you is daily modified by what you experience,by what you were learning and coming to know.Five year ago,you were not the same person you are today;ten years hence,you will not precisely the person you now are.As you are age,you steadily accumulate knowledge,some of it formally,some of it informally.Considering some of the things you know in present—about history,about people,about work,about etiquette,about science,about style.Then think about what you garnered that knowledge.Chances is that some of it you acquired formally in school:what you to know about the contribution of Ancient Greece of modern democracy,your understanding of photosynthesis or Euclidean geometry,you ability to differentiate satire from irony.Some things you may have learn through a combination of formally instruction,observation and practice:how to work successful in a group,how to wait on customers efficiently and courteously,how to apply brakes skillfully in traffics,how to cut food with a knife,what clothes to wear to the prom.And some knowledges you probable acquired almost exclusively from extended experience:what acquaintances to trust and not to trust,what writers and musicians appeal or do not appeal to you,what aptitudes your possess or lack for particular fields of study.(1)_______________(2)_______________(3)_______________(4)_______________(5)_______________(6)_______________(7)_______________(8)_______________(9)_______________(10)______________(11)______________(12)______________(13)______________(14)______________(15)______________(16)______________(17)______________(18)______________(19)______________(20)______________(21)______________考试科目:基础英语科目代码:661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第5页共8页IV.Sentence Paraphrase (10points)Directions:There are five long or difficult sentences underlined in the following passage.You are required to paraphrase them in your own words according to the context.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1)Britain’s merchant navy seldom grabs the headlines these days;it is almost a forgotten industry.Yet shipping is the essential lifeline for the nation’s economy.Ninety-nine per cent of our trade in and out of the country goes by ship—and over half of it in British ships.(2)Shipping is also a significant British success story.It earns over £1000million a year in foreign exchange earnings:without our merchant fleet,the balance of payments would be permanently in deficit,despite North Sea oil.But,today this vital British industry is more in peril than ever before.(3)On almost all the major sea routes of the world,the British fleet risks being elbowed out by stiff foreign competition.The threat comes from two main directions:from the Russians and the Eastern bloc countries (4)who are now in the middle of a massive expansion of their merchant navies,and carving their way into the international shipping trade by severely undercutting Western shipping companies;and from the merchant fleets of the developing nations,(5)who are bent on taking over the lion’s share of the trade between Europe and Africa,Asia and the Far East—routes in which Britain has a big stake.V.Reading Comprehension (30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section.Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.Read the following passage and provide a brief answer to the questions after the passage (2.5×4points).If someone says to you ‘Our car has broken down’,your reaction may simply be to feel sorry.For the linguist,though,even such a simple utterance calls for quite an elaborate explanation.As far as the meaning and the grammar of the sentence are concerned,a traditional description would try to paraphrase the meanings of the words used;it would analyze the clause pattern (here a simple combination of subject and verb or predicate),and would probably go on to discuss the use of the present perfect tense.Modern linguists have on the whole not been satisfied with the traditional explanation of grammatical structures and word meanings.Indeed much work in modern linguistics has been devoted to constructing rules that would produce our initial sentence,but would exclude sentences like We car has考试科目:基础英语科目代码:661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第6页共8页broken down or Our car has jumped up as not well-formed.The ultimate goal of this endeavor has been to establish a body of logical rules for generating the sentences of a language that are grammatically correct and semantically acceptable.For the individual words a set of ‘objective’semantic features has been proposed which would guarantee that the words are inserted appropriately into the grammatical structure.Thus the meaning of car would be described with the semantic features ‘inanimate’,‘concrete’,‘movable’and ‘self-propelled’.Assuming that the logical rules and objective semantic features which generate language are stored in our memory,it seems only natural to claim that they are of a mental nature.This approach is therefore also ‘cognitive’in the original sense of the word (i.e.‘related to knowledge’).However,it is not the kind of ‘cognitive linguistics’that our topic is about.To distinguish this approach from what we have in mind when we talk about ‘cognitive linguistics’,we will characterize it as the logical view in cognitive linguistics.As we understand the term,cognitive linguistics is today chiefly represented by the experiential view.Its main claim is that instead of postulating logical rules and objective definitions on the basis of theoretical considerations and introspection,a more practical and empirical path should be pursued.For example,one can ask language users to describe what is going on in their minds when they produce and understand words and sentences.As experiments have shown,people will not only state that a car has a box-like shape,that it has wheels,doors,and windows,that it is driven by an engine and equipped with a steering wheel,an accelerator and brakes,and that it has seats for the driver and the passengers.More likely than not,it will also be mentioned that a car is comfortable and fast,that it offers mobility,independence and perhaps social status.Some people may connect the notion of car with their first love affair,or with injury if they were once involved in an accident.1.What would a traditional linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?2.What would a modern linguist do with ‘Our car has broken down’?3.How is the logical view related to ‘cognitive linguistics’?4.What is the claim of the experiential view?Section B.Read the following passage and decide whether the statements after it are true or false (2.5×4points).It is strange and disturbing to watch the straight (i.e.,mainstream)community’s angry,sometimes violent reaction to the hippies.There are many reasons for this.The principal one is appearance.The hippies dress strangely.They dress this way because they have thrown a lot of middle-class notions out of the window and with them the most sensitive middle-class dogma:the neutral appearance.The straight world is a jungle of taboos,fears,and personality games.People in that jungle prey on each other mercilessly.Therefore,to survive in any jungle requires good protective coloring:the camouflage of respectable appearance.The anonymity of middle-class dress is like a flag of truce.It means (whether true or not):“I’m not one of the predators.”It is in the nature of an assurance of harmlessness.Unusual or bright-colored clothing then becomes an alarm,a danger signal to the fearful and their armed truce with the rest of mankind.They see it as a challenge.They are fearful,unsure of themselves,and fear sours into anger.It is but a step to thinking that the anger is “good.”The oldest fallacy in the world is that anything that makes you angry must be mad.考试科目:基础英语科目代码:661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学第7页共8页The sin of the hippies is that they will not play the straight game of camouflage.Their non-participation,in effect,exposes them as another tribe,whose disregard of straight taboos of dress makes them seem to be capable of anything,and therefore a danger.That danger moreover is felt clear up to city hall,that shrine of Squaredom.Why else,I submit,does the Health Department of this city have such a tender solitude about the living conditions of human beings at the Haight when they have ignored the conditions at Hunter’s Point,the Mission and the Fillmore?Many people cannot understand the hippies’rejection of everything that is commonly expected of the individual in regard to employment and life goals:steady lucrative employment,and the accumulation through the years of possessions and money,building (always building)security for the future.It is precisely this security hypochondria,this checking of bank book rather than pulses,this worrying over budgets instead of medicine cabinets,that drive the youth of today away.It is this frantic concern with money that also drives the young into the Haight-Ashbury.They have seen their parents slave for years,wasting away a lifetime to make sure that the house was paid off,that the kids got through school in order to get “good”jobs so that they could join the frantic scramble,later on.The parents’reward for this struggle is that they wind up old and tired,alienated from their children,and just as often each parent from the other.1.The hippies dress strangely because they have defied the dressing values of the middle class.()2.For middle class,to survive in the straight world is to protect themselves by the camouflage of respectable appearance.()3.The hippies belong to another tribe of people because they have a different custom of dresses.()4.The hippies understand their parents struggling their way all their lives and sympathize them.()Section C.Read the following passage and then write a summary of it within 100words (1×10points).The vast majority of books on the English language take British English as their starting point.There are many reasons for this:British English is the old variety,and traditionally British English has enjoyed more prestige,at least in Europe and in former English colonies,than American English.Until not so long ago,American English was considered less educated,less cultured,less beautiful than British English.Teachers in many European countries were not allowed to have an American accent,and high-school students who returned from a year in the United States were sometimes punished with low grades by conservative teachers.This attitude seems mostly to have disappeared even if there are still traces of it.Another reason for the predominance of British English is simply one of publishing traditions:Britain has a long tradition of producing textbooks and dictionaries and of marketing them all over the world,whereas there have been relatively few American textbooks or dictionaries written for audiences worldwide.The result is a curious situation:The majority of the world’s native speakers of English are Americans,about 240million people.They make up the majority of the 400million native speakers,compared with about 57million speakers in Britain.They speak English with American pronunciation,vocabulary,and grammar.Much more American than British English is heard in films and on television,and more American English is used in international business,computing,and science.宁波大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目:基础英语科目代码:661适用专业:英语语言文学、外国语言学及应用语言学、翻译学Yet the textbooks for non-native speakers that are used in schools in many countries are still mostly oriented toward British English,sometimes presenting American English as an aberration,often just in the form of a collection of words to learn.There are some useful books on American English,mostly designed for college or university use,that deal with vocabulary,spelling and pronunciation,but they usually give very little information concerning grammar or practical language use in the United States. Nor do they make any attempts to explain why there are differences between the two major varieties.SummaryVI.Writing(50points)Directions:Now in universities or colleges,some BA students want to work and earn money after graduation while other BA students plan to continue their education as MA students.The chief reasons for those BA students who intend to further their study can be either that it is hard to find a good job as BA students or that they love study and make greater contribution for their country.That is,the former read for MA just to get a higher degree so as to find a better job;the latter read for MA just to give a full expression to their academic ability and do research work.What is your purpose to read for MA?Or what kind of BA students do you belong to when you are taking this MA entrance exam?In the following topic of writing,please clarify your purpose to read for MA and give your reasons.You are suggested to make your argument in three major paragraphs with introduction,argumentation and conclusion in about400words.Remember to write your essay on the Answer Sheet.My Purpose to Read for MA科目代码:661科目名称:基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学I.Vocabulary(30points)This part consists of two sections.Section ADirections:Choose one of the four alternatives which is closest in meaning to the underlined word or phrase and mark the corresponding letter.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.(1×20points).1.He avowed his commitment to those ideals.A.acknowledgedB.convertedC.conformedD.renounced2.The political dissident was accused of instigating a plot to overthrow the government.A.devisingB.supportingC.fundingD.provoking3.I wish you two would stop bickering.plaining B quarreling C.bargaining D murmuring4.The defendant is facing severe verdict despite the appeal for clemency by his lawyer.A.forgivingB.releaseC.leniencyD.impartiality5.The little boy listened,enthralled by the Captain’s story.A.fascinatedB.swindledC.shockedD.bored6.I was impressed by his expertise on landing craft.A.encouragementB.special skillC.shrewdnessD.eloquence7.Your action is a breach of our university regulations.A.observationB.violationC.creationD.attack8.Subsequent events vindicated his policy.A.predicateB.swingC.dilateD.verify9.Drug smuggling carries a mandatory death penalty in most countries in the world.A.impulsiveB.multicoloredC.obligatoryughable10.Morality,for him,was doing what is expedient.A.undesirableB.unavailable C advantageous D.inappropriate11.“The giant was big”is a tautological statement,to say the least.A.tightB.redundantC.illogicalD.relative科目代码:661科目名称:基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称:基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称:基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学III.Error Detection and Correction(20points)Directions:There are twenty errors in the following passage.You should detect and correct all the errors.Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Marxist Criticism is a criticism based on the historical,economic,and sociology1 theory of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.According to Marxism,the conscious2of a given class in a given historical moment derives modes of material production.3The set of beliefs,values,attitudes,and ideas that constitute the consciousness of this4 class forms a ideological superstructure,and this ideological superstructure is5 shaped and determined by the material infrastructure and economic base.Hence the6 term"historic materialism."Marxism assumes the ontological priority of matter7 above mind and sees mind as the product of historical forces.There is thus a dialectical8 relationship between the literature work and its socio-historical background.9 Dialectical criticism focuses on the causal connections of the content or form10of the work and the economic,class,social,or ideological factors that shape and11 determines that content and form.Bourgeois writers,for example,inevitably propagate a12 bourgeois ideology that seeks to universalizing the status quo,to see it as natural rather13 than historical.The notion that there is a one-to-one correspondence to the class14 consciousness of the writer,the ideology of the work,and the society-historical15 background out of which it emerges is often labeled vulgarly Marxism,even by16 Marxists themselves.Sophisticated Marxism,however,like Fredric Jameson17 points out,is concerned with"the influence of the given social raw material,not only18on the content,but on the very form of the work themselves....[The dialectical19 interaction of work and background],this fact of sheer interrelationship,is prior of20any of the conceptual categories,such as causality,reflection,or analogy,subsequently evoked to explain it."科目代码:661科目名称:基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学IV.Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:There are three sections in this item with a passage in each section. Section A requires you to read a passage and provide a brief answer to each of the given questions.Section B requires you to read and judge whether the relevant statements are true or false.Section C requires you to read and then write a summary of it.Remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A.(10points)By the mid-century there emerged a trend in writing that favored a new approach to constructing the novel that abandoned many of the time-honored traditions of form.Indeed,there has been debate about whether many of the works of the times should rightly be considered novels at all.Although not all writers of the period pursued experimental methods,two of them,William Burroughs and Henry Miller,served as exemplary figures.William Burroughs published journals depicting his travels through South America and North Africa.He was heavily influenced by his encounter with foreign languages and associations with strange customs.The impact of his experiences on his writing led to a uniquely detached style.Often it is difficult to determine who is telling the stories,or where the characters have come from.In his most celebrated work Naked Lunch,Burroughs is said to have physically cut up the manuscript and pasted it back together,to further disturb the conventional notion of narration.Although these writing techniques did not boost initial sales of his works,American academia accepts him as an important practitioner of literary theory.Henry Miller wrote about his personal life in a depth that previous authors had avoided.In order to better expose compulsive desires,he used very graphic language to describe the details of his intimate relationships.His books Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer were banned in some states when they were first published.Although there are disagreements about Miller's moral positions,he is acknowledged as an important contributor to mid-twentieth century American fiction.1.What is the main topic of this passage?2.What did the passage preceding this one probably discuss?3.What can we assume about Burroughs'earlier works?4.What is the most difficult aspect of reading the book Naked Lunch?5.What can we infer about the works of the two men?科目代码:661科目名称:基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学科目代码:661科目名称:基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学Decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).1.According to this passage,Shakespeare’s sonnets might have contained a continuity of love story.2.The speaker of Shakespeare’s sonnets is perfectly happy with both the young noble man and the“dark lady”,according to the passage.3.Shakespeare’s sonnets were dedicated to a“W.H.”,who must be Henry Wriothesley,the Earl ofSouthampton.4.It could be inferred from the passage that most life stories about Shakespeare are conjectures.5.Shakespeare wrote153sonnets,all of which have the feel of autobiographical poems.Section C(10points)Read the following passage and write a summary of it within200words.Knowing that Mrs.Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble,great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death.It was her sister Josephine who told her,in broken sentences;veiled hints that revealed in half concealing.Her husband's friend Richards was there,too,near her.It was he who had been in the newspaper office when intelligence of the railroad disaster was received,with Brently Mallard's name leading the list of"killed."He had only taken the time to assure himself of its truth by a second telegram, and had hastened to forestall any less careful,less tender friend in bearing the sad message.She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same,with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance.She wept at once,with sudden,wild abandonment,in her sister's arms.When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone.She would have no one follow her.There stood,facing the open window,a comfortable,roomy armchair.Into this she sank,pressed down by a physical exhaustion that haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life.The delicious breath of rain was in the air.In the street below a peddler was crying his wares. The notes of a distant song which someone was singing reached her faintly,and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves.There were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds that had met and piled one above the other in the west facing her window.She sat with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair,quite motionless,except when a sob came up into her throat and shook her,as a child who has cried itself to sleep continues to sob in its dreams.科目代码:661科目名称:基础英语适用专业:英语语言文学外国语言学及应用语言学翻译学She was young,with a fair,calm face,whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes,whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky.It was not a glance of reflection,but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought.There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it,fearfully.What was it?She did not know;it was too subtle and elusive to name.But she felt it,creeping out of the sky,reaching toward her through the sounds,the scents,the color that filled the air.Now her bosom rose and fell tumultuously.She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her,and she was striving to beat it back with her will--as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.When she abandoned herself a little whispered word escaped her slightly parted lips.She said it over and over under the breath:"free,free,free!"The vacant stare and the look of terror that had followed it went from her eyes.They stayed keen and bright.Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.She did not stop to ask if it were or were not a monstrous joy that held her.A clear and exalted perception enabled her to dismiss the suggestion as trivial.She knew that she would weep again when she saw the kind,tender hands folded in death;the face that had never looked save with love upon her, fixed and gray and dead.But she saw beyond that bitter moment a long procession of years to come that would belong to her absolutely.And she opened and spread her arms out to them in welcome.There would be no one to live for during those coming years;she would live for herself.There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a private will upon a fellow-creature.A kind intention or a cruel intention made the act seem no less a crime as she looked upon it in that brief moment of illumination.And yet she had loved him--sometimes.Often she had not.What did it matter!What could love,the unsolved mystery,count for in the face of this possession of self-assertion which she suddenly recognized as the strongest impulse of her being!"Free!Body and soul free!"she kept whispering.Josephine was kneeling before the closed door with her lips to the keyhole,imploring for admission."Louise,open the door!I beg;open the door--you will make yourself ill.What are you doing, Louise?For heaven's sake open the door."。
2019年浙江宁波大学高分子化学考研真题
2019年浙江宁波大学高分子化学考研真题一、选择题(在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案)(本大题共20小题,每小题2分,共40分)1. 溶液聚合的特点之一()A)散热困难 B)聚合主要场所为单体液滴C)链转移困难 D)聚合物分子量低2. 合成橡胶通常采用乳液聚合反应,错误的是()A)不易发生凝胶效应 B)散热容易C)易获得高分子量聚合物 D)以水作介质价廉无污染3. 下列哪种单体最易发生阴离子聚合()A)乙烯 B) 1,2-二硝基乙烯 C) 1,2-二甲基乙烯 D)丙烯腈4. 下列自由基哪个活性最高(R为引发剂残基)()A) R-CH=CH-CH2· B) RCH2-CH2· C) RCH2-CH(CH3)· D)RCH2-CHCl·5. 一定不属于阳离子聚合产品的有()A)聚苯乙烯 B)聚乙烯 C)丁二烯橡胶 D)丁基橡胶6. 乙烯自由基聚合,下列哪种转移最容易产生支化结构()A)向单体转移 B)烷基铝转移 C)向溶剂转移 D)向聚合物转移7. 在海水作用下,涤纶树脂的醇解是______反应()A)功能化 B)聚合度相似转变 C)化学降解 D)改善性能8. BF3引发三聚甲醛聚合时存在诱导期,减少诱导期的方法是()A)提高三聚甲醛的纯度 B)降低反应温度C)使用纯的BF3乙醚络合物 D)加甲醛9. 对获得诺贝尔化学奖的高分子科学家叙述错误的是()(A)Ziegler和Natta发明了有机金属引发体系,合成了高密度聚乙烯和等规聚丙烯(B)Heeger、De Genes和Shirakawa在导电高分子方面做出了特殊贡献(C)Staudinger建立了高分子学说(D)Flory在缩聚反应理论、高分子溶液的统计热力学和高分子链的构象设计等方面做出来一系列杰出贡献10. 下列说法错误的是()A)甲基丙烯酸甲酯的本体聚合为均相体系B)悬浮聚合的单体-介质体系为非均相体系C)丙烯腈在水相中的溶液聚合为均相体系D)苯乙烯聚合时在甲苯中的溶液聚合为均相体系11. 下列是关于聚合物合成方面的相关杂志,其影响力最大的是()A) MacromoleculesB) Journal of Polymer Science, Part, A: Polymer Chemistry,C) PolymerD) European Polymer Journal12. 下列哪种情况,热力学上有利于聚合反应的进行()A)ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0 B)ΔH > 0, ΔS < 0 C)ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0 D)ΔH < 0, ΔS > 013. 金属钠在萘中引发丁二烯聚合属于()A)阴离子聚合 B)阳离子聚合 C)配位聚合 D)自由基聚合14. 一对单体较难于发生共聚反应的条件是()A) r1≥1,r2≥1 B) r1r2=1C) r1=0,r2=0 D) r1<1,r2<115. 下面哪种组合可以制备无支链高分子线形缩聚物()A)1-2官能度体系 B)2-2官能度体系C)2-3官能度体系 D)3-3官能度体系16. 乳液聚合的第一阶段结束的标志是()A)胶束的消失 B)单体液滴的消失C)聚合速度的增加 D)乳胶粒的形成17. 下列聚合物具有旋光异构体的是()A)聚乙烯 B)聚四氟乙烯 C)聚苯乙烯 D)聚偏氯乙烯18. 下列聚合物具有几何异构体的是()A)聚乙烯 B) 1,4-聚丁二烯 C) 1,2-聚丁二烯 D)聚苯乙烯19. 下列聚合物柔韧性最好的是()A)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 B) 1,4-聚丁二烯 C) 1,2-聚丁二烯 D)聚氯乙烯20. 当两种单体,Q, e接近时()A)难以共聚 B)趋于交替共聚C)趋于恒比共聚 D)趋于理想共聚二、填空题(本大题共 10 小题,每空 1 分,共 40 分)1.三大合成材料是指()、()和()。
新版宁波大学生物学考研经验考研参考书考研真题
在很多年之前我从来不认为学习是一件多么重要的事情,那个时候我混迹于人群之中,跟大多数的人一样,做着这个时代青少年该做的事情,一切都井井有条,只不过,我不知做这些是为了什么,只因大家都这样做,所以我只是随众而已,虽然考上了一个不错的大学,但,我的人生目标一直以来都比较混乱。
但是后来,对世界有了进一步了解之后,我忽而发现,自己真的不过是这浩渺宇宙中的苍茫一粟,而我自身的存在可能根本不能由我自己来把握。
认识到个体的渺小之后,忽然有了争夺自己命运主导权的想法。
所以走到这个阶段,我选择了考研,考研只不过是万千道路中的一条。
不过我认为这是一条比较稳妥且便捷的道路。
而事到如今,我觉得我的选择是正确的,时隔一年之久,我终于涅槃重生得到了自己心仪院校抛来的橄榄枝。
自此之后也算是有了自己的方向,终于不再浑浑噩噩,不再在时代的浪潮中随波逐流。
而这一年的时间对于像我这样一个懒惰、闲散的人来讲实在是太漫长、太难熬了。
这期间我甚至想过不如放弃吧,得过且过又怎样呢,还不是一样活着。
可是最终,我内心对于自身价值探索的念头还是占了上峰。
我庆幸自己居然会有这样的觉悟,真是不枉我活了二十多个春秋。
在此写下我这一年来的心酸泪水供大家闲来翻阅,当然最重要的是,干货满满,包括备考经验,复习方法,复习资料,面试经验等等。
所以篇幅会比较长,还望大家耐心读完,结尾处会附上我的学习资料供大家下载,希望会对各位有所帮助,也不枉我码了这么多字吧。
宁波大学生物学的初试科目为:(101)思想政治理论(201)英语一(741)生物化学1(941)分子生物学参考书目为:1.王镜岩等.《生物化学》.高等教育出版社第三版,2002.2.《分子生物学》(第三版)朱玉贤编高等教育出版社先说说真题阅读的做法…第一遍,做十年真题【剩下的近三年的卷子考试前2个月再做】,因为真题要反复做,所以前几遍都是把自己的答案写在一张A4纸上,第一遍也就是让自己熟悉下真题的感觉,虐虐自己知道英语真题的大概难度,只做阅读理解,新题型完形填空啥的也不要忙着做,做完看看答案,错了几个在草稿纸上记下来就好了,也不需要研究哪里错了为什么会错…第一遍很快吧因为不需要仔细研究,14份的试卷,一天一份的话,半个月能做完吧,偷个懒一个月肯定能做完吧【第一遍作用就是练练手找到以前做题的感觉,千万不要记答案,分析答案…】ps:用书选择:木糖英语闪电单词+木糖英语真题。
宁波大学英语教学论考研真题试题2010年—2019年(缺13、14)
宁波大学年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(A卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)考试科目: 英语教学论科目代码:837 适用专业: 学科教学(英语)1.Traditional language teaching methods and communicative language teaching approach: dichotomyor continuum? (20 points)2.What is communicative competence(CC)? How to develop the learners’CC according to yourteaching or learning experience? (20 points)3.How do you assume the post-method era? Does it indicate we can abandon the language teachingmethods or approaches? (20 points)4.In terms of task-based language teaching and learning, Nunan, Feez(1998), Ellis gave differentaccounts. Please define the concept of TBLT according to Nunan and list some basic principles of. You can also show your own opinions.task-based language teaching according to Feez’s claims(20 points)5.如何理解“强任务”(strong version)和“弱任务”(weak version)。
(只有本题可用中文回答,其他各题必须用英文回答。
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宁波大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生
入学考试试题(A 卷)(答案必须写在答题纸上)
考试科目:
分子生物学科目代码:941适用专业:海洋生物学、生物化学与分子生物学
第1页共1页
一、名词解释(40分,每个4分)
NCBI 、mutiple cloning site 、nested-PCR 、genetic central dogma 、RNA splicing 、intron 、gene family 、trans-acting factor 、Klenow fragment 、microsatellite DNA
二、问答题(50分)
1、简述原核生物DNA 复制过程中需要哪些酶和蛋白的参与,各具有何作用?(10分)
2、原核生物基因转录的终止子的种类及作用机制。
(10分)
3、真核生物mRNA 与原核生物mRNA 的区别。
(10分)
4、试比较原核生物和真核生物启动子结构的差别。
(10分)
5、简述乳糖操纵子调节机制。
(10分)
三、分析题(60分)
1.简述RNA 提取方法,并描述如何确定提取RNA 的质量?(15分)
2.简述SDS-PAGE 电泳和Western blot 检测流程?(15分)
3.引物设计题:已知下列序列,请根据此序列下划线标示区设计上下游引物。
(10分)GAGGTTGTTCGAAGGATTGGAACCGGTATAAGGGCGTTAGACGGCG……TTCTACGACGTCGTCGT CTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCGTCTGAACAATAGTGGACGAACCACG
4.现要求在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli )BL21中表达A 基因。
(20分)
1)选择pET28a 为原核表达载体,假定某基因A 的ORF 序列中包含下列限制性内切酶位点Bam H I 、Hind III 、Sac I 。
pET28a 的多克隆位点如下:
请为基因A 原核表达选择合适的限制性内切酶位点。
2)请写出实现A 基因在大肠杆菌中表达的实验流程。
宁波大学2017年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(B卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
科目代码:941科目名称:分子生物学
适用专业:海洋生物学生物化学与分子生物学
一、名词解释(40分,每个4分)
C value paradox、restriction enzyme、genetic central dogma、genomic DNA library、tansgene、proteomics、multiple PCR、gene chip、lncRNA、Klenow fragment
二、问答题(70分)
1.什么是基因家族?基因家族有哪些类型?并各举一个例子。
(10分)
2.真核生物中RNA的5'端帽子和polyA尾巴各有什么功能。
(10分)
3.简述色氨酸操纵子调节机制。
(10分)
4.试述β-半乳糖苷酶筛选(或蓝白斑筛选)的原理。
(10分)
5.简述AMV逆转录酶功能及应用。
(10分)
6.什么是基因表达?可用哪些技术来检测一个基因是否表达?(10分)
7.简述核酸分子杂交基本原理。
(10分)
三、分析题(40分)
设计一个实验,要求完成从小鼠基因组DNA中扩增片段A并检测。
请大致说明下列实验步骤。
1.基因组DNA提取:请说明提取过程中的要点。
(10分)
2.引物设计:已知片段A的序列如下,请根据此序列下划线标示区设计上下游引物。
(10分)GAGGTTGTTCGAAGGATTGGAACCGGTATAAGGGCGTTAGACGGCG…………CCTTCTACGACGTCGTCGT CTTCTTCTTCTTCTTCGTCTGAACAATAGTGGACGAACCACG
3.PCR扩增:请写出PCR扩增常用体系和程序。
(10分)
4.电泳:请说明如何从电泳结果判断基因组DNA质量。
(10分)
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宁波大学2019年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
科目代码:941 总分值:150 科目名称:分子生物学
一、名词解释(40分,每个4分)
Gene expression、RNA splicing、probe、Genetic engineering、Repressor protein、microsatellite DNA、GFP、RACE、nested PCR、multi gene family
二、问答题(60分,每个10分)
1. 请写出6种以上RNA及其功能。
2. 5'端帽子和polyA尾巴各有什么功能。
3. 简述原核生物转录终止的两种主要机制。
4. 简述原核生物与真核生物启动子的主要差别。
5. 简述一代测序技术和二代测序技术原理和特点。
6. 比较基因组、转录组、蛋白质组和代谢组的异同。
三、分析题(50分)
现要求以某一植物或动物组织cDNA为模板扩增A基因,并构建该基因的重组表达质粒pET-28a-A,并在大肠杆菌BL21中进行表达。
1、写出从组织中抽取RNA的关键步骤,并解释如何判断RNA质量。
(20分)
2、根据A基因序列设计原核表达引物。
(10分)
A基因序列如下:
ATG TCCGAAGTAATCGAAGAACATCTTCTCAGCGATAATTCTGATGATTCCAGCTCGGAA TTGACTTCTAC……… GGACGAACCACGAAGAGACGATAT TAA
pET-28a多克隆位点如下
引物设计必须满足:1)要求在引物两端分别加上Bam HI(GGATCC)和Eco RI(GAATTC)。
2)要求表达的重组蛋白C端带His标签。
3、写出原核表达实验步骤。
(20分)
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