地质概念的英语解释

地质概念的英语解释DefinitionsAmphibolite A recrystallised metamorphic rock that consists mostly of amphibole (e.g. hornblende;anthophyllite, actinolite and glaucophane) and plagioclase feldspar, and little or noquartz. Amphibolites are the products of regional metamorphism and crustaldeformation of older materials of appropriate composition.Argillite A metamorphosed rock derived from clay.Autunite Uranium-bearing mineral containing uranium oxide, phosphorus and calcium. It is fluorescent, has a tabular to platy crystalline structure and varies in colour from yellowto green. It is commonly a secondary uranium product.Baikiaea woodlands Woodlands dominated by genera such as Baikiaea, Pterocarpus, Erythrophleum,Burkea and Cryptosepalum, which occur on sandy soils on the fringes of the coreMiombo regions in Kalahari sand type environments.Base Metal Informally refered to as a metal that oxidizes or corrodes relatively easily, and reactsvariably with dilute hydrochloric acid to form hydrogen. Examples include iron, nickel,lead, zinc, cobalt, antimony, zircon, titanium and zinc. Copper is a base metal as itoxidizes relatively easily, although it does not react with HCl. It is commonly used in opposition to noble metals.Basement (Zambia) The Basement consists of igneous and metamorphosed rocks, namely gneisses, schists,migmatites, amphibolites and granitoids.Bedding Stratification of rocks into beds.Breccia A clastic rock composed of angular broken rock fragments held together with mineral cement.Carbonaceous Relating to or consisting of or yielding carbon.Carbonaceous shale A fine-grained sedimentary rock, enriched with or consisting of carbon. Carbonaceous phyllite A fine-grained metamorphosed rock, enriched with or consisting of carbon. It is similarto slate, but may have a wavy surface and a distinctive micaceous lustre.Chalcopyrite A brassy yellow, metallic, tetragonal mineral, usually occurring as shapeless masses ofgrains. Chalcopyrite is found in igneous rocks and copper-rich shales, and it is animportant ore of copper. Chemical formula: CuFeS2.Copperbelt The copper mining area of Zambia, around the towns of Ndola, Kitwe and Mufulira. Itmay include the adjacent copper producing area of the Democratic Republic ofCongo, around Lubumbashi.Corstor Supplier of proprietary core storage trays.Craton A large, relatively stable portion of the Earth’s crust.Dambo A seasonally waterlogged, predominantly grass covered, depression bordering headwater drainage lines.Diamond core (DC) drilling Method of obtaining a cylindrical core of rock by drilling with a diamond impregnatedbit.Dip The angle at which rock stratum or structure is inclined from the horizontal.Dolerite A medium to fine-grained dark coloured intrusive igneous rock.Dolomite Sedimentary rock containing more than 50% by weight of the mineral dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2].The term dolostone is used synonymously.Dome Deformational feature consisting of symmetrically-dipping anticlines; their general outline on a geologic map is circular or oval.The strata in a dome are upwarped, withthe oldest rocks exposed at the centre.Dyke A vertical or sub-vertical tabular igneous intrusion that cuts across the bedding of the enclosing rock.138Fault A fracture in rocks along which rocks on one side have been moved relative to therocks on the other side.Foot wall The underlying side of a fault, orebody or mine workings.G8 Eight of the world’s economically leading countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States), that in a cooperative effortmeet periodically to address international economic and monetary issues.Geophysical exploration The exploration of an area in which physical properties (e.g. resistivity, gravity,conductivity, magnetic properties) unique to the rocks in the area are quantitatively measured by one or more geophysical methods (e.g. ground magnetic, inducedpolarisation and horizontal loop electromagnetic surveys).Gneiss Coarse-grained, banded crystalline rock. Gneiss is composed of mineral grains large enough to be seen with the naked eye. Banding arises from segregation of the various minerals present, typically into dark– and light-colored layers. Individual bands arecommonly 1 mm to 1 cm thick.Hanging wall The overlying side of a fault, orebody or mine workings.Igneous A rock that has solidified from molten material or magma.Inlier An area or formation of older rocks completely surrounded by younger layers.Intrusion/ Intrusive A body of igneous rock that invades older rocks.Kalahari woodlands Open or partly closed woodland with deciduous or semi-deciduous trees between18 m and 24 m highKaroo Supergroup A geological unit extending in age from the Upper Carboniferous (about 300 Ma) tothe Lower Jurassic (about 180 Ma). It comprises a mainly sedimentary sequence of sandstones, silts and clays and coals.Katanga Supergroup The Katanga Supergroup is composed of the basal Lower Roan sedimentary rocks(850 Ma to 800 Ma), Upper Roan and Kundelungu (750 Ma to 500 Ma) sequences.Licence Area Area within Prospecting Licence 267, i.e. the Kabompo Dome Project. Lithology A term pertaining to the general characteristics of rocks. It generally relates todescriptions based on hand sized specimens and outcrops rather than microscopic or chemical features.Lufilian Arc The Lufilian arc (Neoproterozoic-Lower Palaeozoic) is a Pan-African orogen that liesbetween the Kalahari Craton in the south and the Congo Craton in the north.Manto-type Manto orebodies are stratabound, irregular to rod-shaped ore occurrences usually horizontal or near horizontal in attitude.Metamorphism The process of changing the mineral composition and texture of rocks by heat andpressure.Mica Any of a group of chemically and physically related aluminium silicate minerals, common in igneous and metamorphic rocks, characteristically splitting into flexiblesheets, e.g. muscovite, paragonite, phlogopite, biotite and lepidolite.Migmatites Rocks originally defined as of hybrid character due to intimate mixing of older rocks (schist and gneiss) with granitic magma. Most plutonic rocks of mixed appearance, regardless of how the granitic phase formed, are called migmatites. Commonly theyappear as veined gneisses.Miombo woodlands Woodland comprising 15 m to 20 m high trees, with an open or partly closed canopyof semi-evergreen trees.Mineral Resource A concentration or occurrence of material of intrinsic economic interest in or on theEarth’s crust in such form and quantity that there are reasonable prospects foreventual economic extraction.139Mineral Resource A concentration (or occurrence) of material of economic interest in or on the Earth’scrust in such a form, quality, and quantity that there are reasonable and realisticprospects for eventual economic extraction. The location, quantity, grade, continuityand other geological characteristics of a mineral resource are known from specificgeological evidence and knowledge, or interpreted from a well-constrained andportrayed geological model. Inferred Mineral Resource is that part of a mineralresource for which tonnage grade and mineral content can be estimated with a lowlevel of confidence. It is inferred from geological evidence and assumed but not verified geological and/or grade continuity. It is based on information gathered throughappropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drillholes that may be limited or of uncertain quality and reliability.Neoproterozoic Geological era from 1,000 Ma to 542 Ma.Net-back value The market value of m inerals Free on Board (“FOB”) less the cost of smelting, refiningand insurance, handling and transport from the mining area to the point of export ordelivery within Zambia.Nickeliferous pyrrhotite Pyrrhotite is an unusual iron sulfide mineral with a variable iron content: Fe(1-x)S(x = 0 to 0.2). Pyrrhotite with nickel enrichment is referred to as nickeliferouspyrrhotite.Paleo Pertaining to the past in geological time scales.Paleoproterozoic The first of three sub-divisions (eras) of the Proterozoic occurring between 2,500 Maand 1,600 Ma.Pentlandite Pentlandite is the major ore of nickel. It is usually massive, showing a well-defined octahedral parting and contains proportionally large amounts of nicekl and iron.Theluster is metallic and the color yellowish bronze. Chemical formula: (Fe,Ni)9S8.Percussion Drilling The process of boring into rock by means of an air or hydraulic powered drill bit.Pitchblende A mineral consisting of uranium oxide and trace amounts of radium, thorium, polonium, lead and helium; uraninite in massive form is called pitchblende which is thechief uranium ore.Precambrian A major interval of geologic time between approximately 540 Ma and 3,800 Ma, comprising the Archean and Proterozoic eons and encompassing most of Earth history. Precious Metal A rare metallic chemical element of high economic value. Chemically, precious metalsare less reactive than most elements, have high luster, and have higher melting pointsthan other metals.Project area Area within Prospecting Licence 267, i.e. the Kabompo Dome Project. Proterozoic A geological era from 2,500 to 543 Ma.The end of the Proterozoic coincides with thePrecambrian-Cambrian boundary.Pyrrhotite Pyrrhotite is an unusual iron sulfide mineral with a variable iron content: Fe(1-x)S (x = 0 to 0.2). The FeS endmember is known as troilite. Also called magnetic pyrite,because the colour is similar to pyrite and it is weakly magnetic, the magnetismincreases as the iron content decreases.Resource It is inclusive of diluting materials and allows for losses that may occur when the material is mined. Appropriate assessments, which may include feasibility studies, havebeen carried out, including consideration of, and modification by, realistically assumed mining, metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal, environmental, social andgovernmental factors. These assessments demonstrate at the time of reporting that extraction is reasonably justified.Reverse Circulation RC drilling is completed in geologically or structurally complex areas to provide(RC) Drilling additional definition of the orebody; it entails water being pumped down the sides ofa drillhole shaft, forcing the cuttings at the shaft toe-end to be pushed up the stem ofthe drill shaft for collection at surface.140Sandstone Sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized grains in a matrix of clay, silt or carbonaceous material.Scapolite An alumino-silicate mineral; commonly found as light-coloured, translucenttetragonalprisms. Scapolite is a common mineral in metamorphic rocks, particularly in thosewhich contain calcite. It is found in marbles, gneisses, skarns, and schists.Schist Medium- to coarse-grained, mica-bearing metamorphic rock with well-developed foliation (layered structure) termed schistosity. Schist is derived primarily from finegrained, mica-bearing rocks such as shales and slates.Sedimentary rock Rocks formed by deposition of particles carried by air, water or ice. Shale Fine-grained sedimentary rock with well defined bedding planes.Shear zone A generally linear zone of stress along which deformation has occurred by translationof one part of a rock body relative to another part.Siegenite Siegenite is a cobalt nickel sulfide mineral. Chemical formula: (Ni,Co)3S4 Siltstone Fine grained sedimentary rock principally composed of silt-grade material lying in grainsize between sandstone and shale.Stratabound Deposit constrained to a lithological layer.Stratiform Forming a layer or arranged in layers.Stratigraphy The study of formation, composition and correlation of sedimentary rocks. Strike The direction of bearing of a bed or layer of rock in the horizontal plane.Tectonic Forces or movements resulting in the formation of structural features.Thrust A large fault resulting in duplication of stratigraphy due to the relative displacement. Unconformity A surface between successive strata representing a missing interval in the geologicrecord of time, and produced either by an interruption in deposition or by the erosionof depositionally continuous strata followed by renewed deposition.。