托福语法-英语初级语法讲义PPT(从此眼中无难句)

动词分为两类
• 及物动词 • 不及物动词
• 三、介词
• go ___ school; come ___ the room; • Sit ___ the desk ；point ___ the book ; • ___ last year; ___ Monday； ___ 6:00; • aim ___ ; laugh ___ ; throw ___ ; • look ___ • up/ down on/ out/ into/ for/ forward to/ • after/ back/ over/ through
一、关系词汇
• 连词、表示关系的副词及词组… • 功能：连句成段 连段成文
• 1. “因果、条件”关系词 （as a result, result in, result from, lead to, because of, due to, contribute to, owning to, hence, since, accordingly, consequently, therefore, in that, etc.）
• 2. “转折、对立”关系词 （despite, in spite of, but, although, though, while, yet, otherwise, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, etc.）
• 3. “比较、递进”关系词 （ equally, likewise, similarly, in comparison, as far as, as long as, etc.）
从此眼中无难句
• The people had no agriculture but, over thousands of years, had developed techniques and equipment to exploit their environment, basing their economy on fishing in streams and coastal waters that teemed with salmon, halibut, and other varieties of fish; gathering abalone, mussels, clams, and other shellfish from the rocky coastline; hunting land and sea mammals; and collecting wild plant foods.
• 4. “并列、选择”关系词 （ first, second…finally, and, or, as well as, one… the other, not…nor…, etc.）
• 二、动词
• By the 1970s, a new respect for the place of buildings within the existing townscape arose.
从此眼中无难句
• Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect – success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun – as an actor might.
• 现在分词 doing • 过去分词 done • 不定式 to do
非谓语动词
• 现在分词 doing • 主动发出，正在进行
• 过去分词 done • 被动接受，已经完成
Байду номын сангаас• 不定式 to do • 目的意图，将来趋势
从此眼中无难句
• Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect – success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun – as an actor might.
从此眼中无难句
• The people had no agriculture but, over thousands of years, had developed techniques and equipment to exploit their environment, basing their economy on fishing in streams and coastal waters that teemed with salmon, halibut, and other varieties of fish; gathering abalone, mussels, clams, and other shellfish from the rocky coastline; hunting land and sea mammals; and collecting wild plant foods.
我眼中的语法起源
语法之于法律 语法之于普通话
语法不是原则，而是规范， 目的在于消除歧义、避免误解
课程主线及目的
• 简单语法
阅读：从此眼中无难句 只有啰嗦的句子，没有复杂的句子
复杂语法
写作：规则正道在母语 正确的中文思维 = 流畅的英文句子
语法考试：具体的语法常考点
简单语法
• 词法 单词的功能，如何构成句子
• People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participated in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods.
非谓语动词