英文报刊阅读小技巧
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英文报刊阅读小技巧
报刊是人们了解国内外大事的窗口,尤其是在社会经济文化迅速发展,国际交流日益频繁的今天,报刊的作用就更为突出。在我国,越来越多的读者想利用英文报刊了解国内外时事,开拓视野,增长知识。如何快速而准确地获得英文报刊的信息,已成为广大读者急需解决的问题。为此,本文着重谈谈阅读英文报刊时需注意的几个方面。
首先,必须掌握英文报刊标题的语言特点。标题是新闻报道的点睛之笔,通常以鲜明的黑体大字在文章的抢眼处标出,它既要扣住全文要点,突出中心,又要新颖醒目,其作用不可忽视。但对不少读者来说,首先碰到的问题是:不少标题奇特,无法一看就懂。究竟是什么东西妨碍顺利阅读和准确理解标题呢?原因在于新闻报道作为一种独特的文体,它的文法和用词与一般的书面英语有很大的区别。这一点在标题的使用上显得尤为突出。因此,对英语学习者来说,掌握标题的语言特点,是读懂标题的关键。新闻报道标题的主要特点是短而精,力求删繁就简,具体表现在两个方面:一是省略某些语法功能的虚词;二是标题的时态有其特定的习惯用法。归纳起来,其语言特点见之于下:
1.在不发生歧义的情况下,冠词往往被省略。例如:
Boy,7,killed by Ejection From Cockpit of Navy Jet(The Washington Post)Standard English:A Boy,7,killed by Ejection From the Cockpit of a Navy Jet
Chinese Population Is Put at 1.3 Billion(International Herald Tribune)Standard English:The Chinese Population Is Put at 1.3 Billion
2.系动词经常被省略。例如:
Joblessness Still a Problem(China Daily)
Standard English:Joblessness Is Still a Problem
Forecast of Mexican quake accurate,but ignored(Science News)Standard English:The Forecast of Mexican quake is accurate,but it is ignored
3.连词、代词、引导词也会省略。例如:
Kings,sheiks rap USSR,US(China Daily)
Standard English:Kings and sheiks rap USSR and US
Anne and baby are well(South China Morning Post)
Standard English:Anne and her baby are well
Far fewer pitclosures and job losses likely than rumored(The Times)
Standard English:There are far fewer pit closures and job losses likely than have been rumored
4.现在分词表示事件正在进行。例如:
Spinning out of orbit(Time)
Standard English:(The Spacecraft)Is Spinning out of orbit
India Mending Fences(China Daily)
Standard English:India Is Mending Her Fences
5.过去分词表示被动语态。例如:
Economists told China's programme unchanged(China Daily)
Standard English:Economists are told China's programme is unchanged Japan:Skilled Hands Needed(International Herald Tribune)
Standard English:Japan:Skilled Hands Are Needed
6.动词不定式通常表述未来行为。例如:
Florida Freeze To Increase Area Produce Prices(The Washington Post)Standard English:Florida Freeze Will Increase Area Produce Prices Pope to visit Japan in February(The New York Times)
Standard English:Pope will visit Japan in February
其次,应该重视新闻报道首段的阅读。英文报刊的新闻报道和中文报刊一样,都在真实的原则下,力求简洁生动,有吸引力,能快而准地给读者提供信息,传达时事。为此,作者往往开门见山,将一则消息的主要内容浓缩在第一段里,使读者一看就能略知此新闻记载了何人(who),何事(what),何时(when),何处(where),为何原因(why)以及如何发生(how)这几大要素,从而对整个事件有一个初步的了解。所以说新闻报道的第一段是全文的精华和缩影,我们必须重视该段的阅读。请看下面一则新闻报道的首段:
US Marines,launching a daylight helicopter operation from ships offshore,rescued 59 Americans on Sunday from the Liberian capital of Monrovia to protect them from what the White House said was imminent danger in that war torn nation.
The White House...
———International Herald Tribune
此文节选自《国际先锋论坛报》的一则头版头条新闻报道。从这部分我们看出寥寥数语浓缩了全文的要点,勾勒出了整个事件的基本轮廓。读完第一段后马