活塞环

活塞环PISTON

概述：活塞环在发动机（和空压机）中有三大作用，将燃烧和曲轴箱密封，将活塞上的热量传到汽缸壁上，以及控制机油消耗。

为了产生有效的密封，活塞环既要与汽缸壁贴和良好，又要与活塞环槽的上或下平面贴和良好。径向贴和能力由活塞环本身的弹力与作用在环背的工质压力产生。在发动机里面公质当然是燃气。活塞环在其环槽中的轴向位置主要有气体压力和惯性力决定，亦在环槽上下平面之间往复运动。

在很多场合下活塞环亦用作转动轴的金属密封件。General: Piston rings in and compressors have three main functions: to seal the working chamber from the crankcase, to assist in the flow of heal from piston to cylinder wall and to control oil consumption.

In order to achieve efficient sealing the piston ring should make a good fit with both the cylinder wall and either the top or bottom of the piston groove. The radial fit is achieved by the inherent spring force of the ring together with the pressure of the working medium acting from behind the ring . In the case of an engine this working medium is of course the combustion gas. The axial position of the ring within its groove is determined mainly by gas pressure and inertia forces and altermates between the top and bottom of the groove.

Piston rings are also used in increasing numbers as metallic seals for rotating shafts.

活塞环介绍Introduction to piston rings

引擎工作原理：

发动机四冲程是指：1（1）进气（2）压缩（3）作功（4）排气

活塞环组件：

一道环→第一道气环工作环境最为恶劣，高温高压，第一道气环的主要功能是密封气体和带走热量。

二道环→第二道气环主要功能是与第一道气环一起密封燃烧室

油环→油环顾名思义，主要用来刮油，刮走钢壁上多余的润滑油，保持适度润滑，减少机油消耗。HOW ENGINE WORKS

We will begin our explanation of basic engine operation by looking at the four-stroke working cycle of the engine。These four strokes are usually called （1）The intake stroke，（2）The compression stroke，（3）The combustion（expansion）stroke，（4）The exhaust stroke

PISTON RING SET

Top Ring→This is referred to as the “upper compression ring”. The upper compression ring is the piston ring that operates under the harshest conditions with respect to thermal and mechanical loading. Its job is to form a gas-tight barrier between the piston and cylinder wall in order to seal the combustion chamber Second Ring→This is referred to as the “lower compressing ring”. One of its jobs is to work together with the top ring in order to “seal”the combustion chamber.

Oil Ring→As its name” oil control ring” implies, this ring scrapes excess lubricating oil off the cylinder wall, maintaining proper lubrication while keeping oil

consumption within proper limits. 活塞环的功能Piston Ring Function

密封气体：第一道气环主要是密封气体，第二道是密封气体与调节油膜厚度。

这意味着燃烧室必须尽可能的密封气体，这样快速燃烧的汽油混合物才能推动汽缸的活塞向下运动带动曲轴转动，从而产生动力。密封气体不但对作功冲程重要，其实对于进气，压缩，排气同样重要。次功能称为密封气体。

散热：活塞环将热量从高温的活塞传导至冷却的汽缸壁或发动机缸体上。热量从活塞环槽经由活塞环传至汽缸壁，热量传导功能对于保持活塞环和活塞的稳定性非常重要，只有这样才能保持气体密封功能不受损害。

刮油：活塞环需要机油润滑，但是只需要极少量既可。因此活塞环刮油功能是防止燃烧室机油过多，将机油消耗保持在所需水平的同时降低有害废气排放。

油环刮下机油由漏油孔流入活塞。Gas Seal Function: The top ring provides a gas seal and the second ring below it assists in the sealing and adjusts the action of the oil film. This means that the combustion chamber must be made as gas-tight. As possible ,so that the pressure generated by the quickly burning combustion gases will move the piston in the cylinder causing the crankshaft. To turn, making power available. Not only important for the combustion expansion stroke, gas-tightness is also very important for the intake, compression and exhaust strokes as well. This general function can be simply called “gas sealing”

Heat Transfer Function:The piston rings act to carry heat away from the hot piston into the cooled cylinder wall block of the engine. Heal energy flows from the piston groove into the piston and then into the cylinder wall, where it eventually will be transfer function is very important to maintaining acceptable temperatures and stability in the piston and piston rings, so that sealing abilities not.

Oil Control Function: The piston rings require some oil for lubrication, however it is desirable to keep this amount to a minimum. The rings act in a scraping manner keeping excess oil out of the combustion chamber, in this way, oil consumption is held at an acceptable level and harmful emissions are reduced.

The oil scraped off by the oil ring flows from the drainage into the piston.

活塞环结构Structure Of The Piston Ring

活塞环类型：根据活塞环的用途，活塞环分为气环及油环。每一类型有其特定的作用Piston Ring Types: According to their function, it is made between compression rings and oil control rings. There are the following main groups, each having a particular application .