英语专业词汇学考试试题
词汇学试题及答案
词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的科学，它主要研究的是语言中的（）。
A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的意义C. 词汇的运用D. 词汇的演变答案：A2. 下列哪一项不是词汇学的研究内容？（）A. 词义的演变B. 词义的分类C. 词义的辨析D. 语法规则答案：D3. 词汇学中，词素是指（）。
A. 构成词的基本单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的意义单位答案：A4. 在词汇学中，语义场是指（）。
A. 词义的分类B. 词义的演变C. 词义的辨析D. 一组词义相关的词答案：D5. 词汇学研究中，同义词是指（）。
A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 形式相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：B6. 下列哪一项不是词汇学中词义的分类？（）A. 抽象意义B. 具体意义C. 语法意义D. 色彩意义答案：C7. 词汇学中，词义的演变通常包括（）。
A. 词义的扩大B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 以上都是答案：D8. 词汇学中，词义的辨析主要研究的是（）。
A. 词与词之间的联系B. 词与词之间的差异C. 词与词之间的相似性D. 词与词之间的对立答案：B9. 在词汇学中，词义的模糊性是指（）。
A. 词义的不确定性B. 词义的明确性C. 词义的多重性D. 词义的单一性答案：A10. 词汇学中，词义的多义性是指（）。
A. 一个词有多种意义B. 一个词只有一种意义C. 一个词的意义是固定的D. 一个词的意义是单一的答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学中的词素是指构成词的________。
答案：基本单位2. 语义场是指一组________的词。
答案：词义相关3. 同义词是指意义________的词。
答案：相近4. 词义的演变包括词义的________、________和________。
答案：扩大、缩小、转移5. 词义的辨析主要研究的是词与词之间的________。
2023年自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试历年真题摘选附带答案
2023年自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试历年真题摘选附带答案第1卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】“Woman” becomes “ Frau” in German, “femme” in French and “f ùnǔ” in Chinese. This example shows that in different languages the same concept can be represented by different ______ .A. soundsB.formsC.unitiesD.meanings2.【单选题】It took a few seconds for her eyes to ________ to the darkness.A.allocateB.adoptC.applyD.adjust3.【单选题】What he told us was more of a(n) ________ than a reality.A.illusionB.demonstrationC.illustrationD.reputation4.【单选题】Generally, a dictionary covers the following contents EXCEPT ______.A. spellingB.pronunciationC.definitionD.syntactical rules5.【单选题】Words that are identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning are called ______.A.perfect homonymsB.homographsC.homophonesD.homonyms6.【单选题】In grammatical context, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the ______in which it occurs.A.structureB.sentenceC.phraseD.clause7.【单选题】A mong the following words, “ ______ ” does NOT have inflectional affixes.A. likedB.children’sC.happierD.it’s8.【单选题】He insured his car ________ he had an accident.A. unlessB.ifC.sinceD.in case9.【单选题】Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary ’ , 3rd Edition (1980), is among the best-known British ______ dictionaries.A.unabridgedB.deskC.pocketD.bilingual10.【单选题】Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987) has some unique features such as definition, extra column and ______.A. pronunciationB.grammar codesage examplesnguage codes11.【单选题】Modern economics ________ the country ’s agricultural policies.A.undergoesB.understandsC.underliesD.undertakes12.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the extra-linguistic factors that cause changes in meaning?A.Cultural reason.B.Historical reasonC.Class reasonD.Psychological reason13.【单选题】Happiness doesn ’t alway s _______ money.A.go throughB.go in forC.go withD.go over14.【单选题】“ Apple, pear, peach, orange, lemon, etc. ” make up the ______ of “ fruit ”.A.synonymsB.homonymsC.superordinate termD.semantic field15.【单选题】—David has made great progress recently. — _______，and _______.A.So he has；so you haveB.So he has；so have youC.So he has；so do youD.So has he；so you have16.【单选题】One can figure out the meaning of “ airmail ” to be “ mail by air ” by its ______.A.onomatopoeic motivationB.morphological motivationC.semantic motivationD.etymological motivation17.【单选题】From the viewpoint of word formation, the word “ smog” is a ______.poundB.conversionC.clippingD.blending18.【单选题】Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Grammatical meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs and stylistic features ofwords.B.Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.C.Affective meaning indicates the listener ’ s attitude towards the person or thing in questionD.Collocation cannot affect the meaning of words.19.【单选题】The Indo-European language family is made up of the languages of the following EXCEPT ______ .A.EuropeB.the Far EastC.IndiaD.the Near East20.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the context clues?A.DefinitionB.PolysemyC.SynonymyD.Antonymy.第2卷一.全考点综合测验(共20题)1.【单选题】We cannot leave this tough job to a person ________.A.who nobody has confidenceB.in whom nobody has confidenceC.for whom nobody has confidenceD.who everyone has confidence of2.【单选题】How many monomorphemic words are there in the following words? cats boss work improper triedA.1B.2C.3D.43.【单选题】It has been years ________ I returned home.A.afterB.thatC.sinceD.when4.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of idioms?A.The part of speech of each element in an idiom is very important.B.The constituents of idioms can eplaced. ’ t be rC.The word order in an idiom can ’ t be changed.D.An idiom functions as one word.5.【单选题】Police are ________ the disappearance of two children.A. looking upB.looking throughC.looking intoD.looking on6.【单选题】______ of meaning is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized.A.DegradationB.ElevationC.ExtensionD.Specilization7.【单选题】Idioms nominal in nature have a(n) ______ as the key word in each and function as a noun in sentences.A.verbB.adjectiveC.prepositionD.noun8.【单选题】Among the following words, “ ______ ” contains a negative prefix.A.amoralB.de-composeC.antiwarD.foretell9.【单选题】The following words of the basic word stock denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us EXCEPT ______ .A.fireB.hotC.photoscanningD.sister10.【单选题】Which of the following words does NOT have suffixes?A.NorthwardB.WidenC.HappyD.Worker.11.【单选题】The professor worked for 7 hours at a ________.A.stretchB.extendC.expandD.prolong12.【单选题】Each of us should _______ aside a few minutes to have a rest every day.A.pushB.provideC.turnD.set13.【单选题】Which of the following is NOT one of the main sources of new words in the present-day English vocabulary?A.The rapid development of modern science and technology.B.Social, economic and political changesC.The invasion of foreign countries.D.The influence of other cultures and languages.14.【单选题】Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. Which of the following words comes from Chinese?A.BazaarB.KowtowC.RajahD.Blitzkrieg15.【单选题】The word “minister” originally meant “a servant”, but now has changed to“a head of a ministry ”. This process of meaning change is called ______ .A.extensionB.elevationC.degradationD.specialization16.【单选题】We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.A. datedB.datingingD.kept17.【单选题】If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get ________.A. concentratedB.confusedC.confirmedD.convinced18.【单选题】Which of the following is partially converted?A. A whiteB.A drunkC.The poorD.Finals19.【单选题】We are interested in the weather because it _______ us so directly—what we wear, what we do and even how we feel.A.benefitsB.affectsC.guidesD.effects20.【单选题】A good worker in a key spot could, so _______ as he kept up production, take all the coffee breaks he wanted.A.longB.shortC.muchD.little第1卷参考答案一.全考点综合测验1.正确答案：A2.正确答案：D本题解析：A 分配，拨出B 收养，过C 应用，申请D 调整，使适合3.正确答案：A本题解析：他告诉我们的更可能是幻想而不是现实。
词汇学考试题及答案
1.give the definition of the lexicology.2. give the definition of the word3. what are the main three types of word formation and the main features of the three types?4. what are they characteristics of the English idioms?5. what do you think of the course: English lexicology.第一题Lexicology is a branch of linguistics inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. (WNWD)English lexicology is a subbranch of linguistics. But it embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics, lexicography. Morphology: the branch of grammar, studies the structure or form of words, primarily through the use of morpheme construct.Etymology: traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.Semantics: the study of meanings of different linguistics levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.Stylistics: the study of style, concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular context for special effects.Lexicography: record the language as it is used so as to present the genuine picture of words to the reader, providing authoritative reference. (Edit a dictionary).第二题The definition of a word comprises the following points:(1) a minimal free form of a language;(2) a sound unity;(3) a unit of meaning;(4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.第三题The most productive word formations are affixations, compounding and conversion. The rest of new words come from shortening including clipping and acronymy, together with words born out of blending and other means. While applying the rules, we should remember that there are always exceptions.1. AffixationAffixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. This process is also known as derivation, the words formed in this way are called derivations.1.1 Prefixation. It is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. The majority of prefixes are characterized by their non-class-changing nature.Negative prefixes: a-, dis-, in- (il-, ir-, im-), non-, un-.Reversative prefixes: de-, dis-, un-.Pejorative prefixes: mal-, mis-, pseudo-.Prefixes of degree or size: arch-, extra-, hyper-, macro-, micro-,mini-, out-, over-, sub-, super-, sur-, ultra-, under-.Prefixes of orientation and attitude: anti-, contra-, counter-, pro-.Locative prefixes: extra-, fore-, inter-, intra-, tele-, trans-.Prefixes of time and order: ex-, fore-, post-, pre-, re-.Number prefixes: bi-, multi- (poly-), semi- (hemi-), tri-, uni- (mono-). Miscellaneous prefixes: auto-, neo-, pan-, vice-.1.2 SuffixationIt is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems. They mainly change the word class.Noun suffixes:a. Denominal nouns: Concrete: -eer, -er, -ess, -ette, - let; Abstract: -age, -dom, -ery, -ery (-ry), -hood, -ing, -sim, -ship.b. Deverbal nouns:To create nouns denoting people: -ant, -ee, -ent, -er (-or).To produce abstract nouns, denoting action, result, process, state, etc.: -age, -al, -ance, -ation (-ition, -tion, -sion, -ion), -ence, -ing, -ment.c. De-adjective nouns: -ity, -ness.d. Noun and adjective suffixes: can be used both as nouns and adjectives: -ese, -an, -ist.Adjective suffixes:a. Denominal suffixes: -ed, -ful, -ish, -less, -like, -ly, -y; -al (-ial, -ical), -esque, -ic, -ous (-eous, -ious).(Both –ic and –ical can be affixed to the same stem in some cases, but differ in meaning.)b. Deverbal suffixes: –able (-ible), -ive (-ative, -sive).Adverb suffixes: -ly, -ward(s), -wise.Verb suffixes: -ate, -en, - (i)fy, -ize (-ise).Some seemingly productive vogue affixes like –nik are still considered slang.2. CompoundingIt is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems, also called composition. Words formed in this way are called compounds.A compound is a ‘lexicology unit consisting of more than one stem and functioning both grammatically and semantically as a single word’. They can be written solid, hyphenated and open.2.1 Characteristics of CompoundsOpen compounds are the same in form as free phrases. The difference:Phonetic features: In compounds the word stress usually occurs on the first element. Semantic features: Every compound should express a single idea just as one word. Grammatical features: A compound tends to play a single grammatical role in a sentence.2.2 Formation of CompoundsThe three major classes of compounds:Noun compounds: n+n; n+v; v+n; a+n; n+v-ing; v-ing+n; n+v-er; adv+v; v+adv; v-ing+adv; adv+v-ing.All of these patterns are more or less productive except the last two.Adjective compounds: n+v-ing; a+v-ing; n+a; a+a; n+v-ed; a (adv) +v-ed; n (a) +n-ed; num+n; num+n-ed; adv+v-ing; v-ed+adv.Very productive: n+v-ing, n+a, n+v-ed.Verb compounds.The limited number of verbs are created either through conversion or backformation.3. ConversionIt is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. This process is also known as functional shift.Conversion to NounVerb to noun: Almost all monomorphemic verbs can be used as nouns, which are semantically related to the original verbs in various ways according to Quirk et al: State (of mind or sensation); Event or activity; Result of the action; Doer of the action; Tool or instrument to do the action with; Place of action.Many simple nouns converted from verbs can be used with have, take, make, give etc. to form phrases to replace the verb or denote a brief action.Adjective to noun: Not all adjectives which are converted can achieve a full noun status. Words fully converted: They can be: common adjectives, participles and others. Words partially converted: This class generally refer to a group of the kind. Miscellaneous conversion: This covers nouns converted from conjunctions, models, finite verbs, prepositions, etc.Conversion to verbsA noun can be converted to a verb without any change. This is both economical and vivid.Noun to verb: ways: to put in or on N; to give N r to provide with N; to remove N from; to do with N; to be or act as N; to make or change into N; to send or go by N. Verbs of this type are all transitive except the last one.Adjective to verb: This is not as productive as that of nouns. They can be used either transitively to mean ‘to make…adjective’ or intransitively ‘to become adjective’. Verbs restricted to transitive use are still, forward, free, bare, blind and so on. Miscellaneous conversionIn some cases, conversion is accompanied by certain change: which affect pronunciation or spelling or stress distribution. The most common changes are: V oiceless to voiced consonant; Initial to end stress.第四题Idioms are expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meaning of individual elements. In a broad sense, idiom may include colloquialisms（俗语）, Catchphrases（标语）,slang expressions （俚语）,proverbs（谚语）,etc. They form an important part of the English vocabulary.Characteristics of Idioms: Semantic Unity and Structured StabilitySemantic Unity: Being phrases or sentences, Idioms each consist of more than one word, but each is a semantic unity, e.g. keep in mind, take off. The semantic unity ofidioms is also reflected in the illogical relationship between the literal meaning and the meaning of the idiom. For example, ‘How do you do’ does not mean ‘In what way do you do things’.Structural Stability: The structure of an idiom is to a large extent unchangeable: the constituents of idioms cannot be replaced; the word order cannot be inverted or changed; the constituents of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to; many idioms are grammatically unanalysable.第五题English lexicology is a theoretically-oriented course. It is chiefly concerned with the basic theories of words in general and of English words in particular. However, it is a practical course as well, for in the discussion, we shall inevitably deal with copious stocks of words and idioms, and study many usage examples. Naturally, there will be a large quantity of practice involved.Lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology(形态学), semantics（语义学）, etymology（词源学）, stylistics（文体论）, lexicography（词典编撰）.Aims of the course1)Give a systematic description of the English vocabulary.2)Offer an insight into the origin and development of the English vocabulary.3)Discuss the problems of word-structure and word-formation4)Study the use of English words , their meanings and changes in meaning, theirsense relations.The significance of the course1)Develop your personal vocabulary and consciously increase your word power(active vocabulary).2)Understand word-meaning and organize, classify and store words moreeffectively.3)Raise your awareness of meaning and usages, use words more accurately andappropriately.4)Develop your skills and habits of analyzing and generalizing linguisticphenomena in your learning experiences.5)Ultimately improve your receptive and productive skills in language processingas well as language production.。
英语专业词汇学题型
英语专业词汇学题型题型举例Ⅰ. Multiple choice ( 30% )1. According to ______________, a word is a minimum free form. [ ]A. ChomskyB. BloomfieldC. WebsterD. Jesperson2. “un-” and “in-” are__________.A. morphemesB. inflectional morphemes[ ]C. derivational morphemesD. free morphemes3. Which of the following is a case of suffixation? _____. [ ]A. hemisphereB. attemptC. NATOD. respondent4. Which word would be the most suitable one for the word “customary”? _______. [ ]A. usualB. usuallyC. useD. habitually5.Which of the following words is a functional word? [ ]A. oftenB. seldomC. althoughD. table6. “Drama”, “comedy”, “tragedy”, “lexicon”, “criterion” and “physics” areborrowings from ______ .[ ]A. FrenchB. ItalianC. Greek/doc/d613616878.html,tin7.The making of the word “travelogue” is called _____________ [ ]A. borrowingB. blendingC. back-formationD. conversion8. “phone”, “doc”, “sis” and “lab” are examples of _____________. [ ]A. abbreviationB. shorteningC. clippingD. analogy9. Words can be classified according to the following criteria EXCEPT _________. [ ]A. notionB. use frequencyC. foundationD. origin10. The word “search” turning from a verb into a noun is called________ asfar as word-building is concerned.[ ]A. conversionB. suffixationC. affixationD. compounding11. “Angel”, “martyr” and “paradise” have their meanings ______ because ofthe influence of Christianity..[ ]A. elevatedB. degradedC. narrowedD. extended12. Which group of words belongs to the Extension in meaning? [ ]A. bird, salaryB. naughty, officiousC. doctor, successD. minister, inn13. Which of the following words is echoic word? [ ]A. black marketB. greenhornC. hissD. hopeless14. Which word has no inflectional affix in it?________.[ ]A. biggerB. largestC. workerD. John’s15. What type of word-formation is the process “from lip-reading to lip-read”?[ ]A. from noun to verbB. back-formationC. conversionD. free-phrase16.. The idiom “New brooms sweep clean” was created probably by _______ .[ ]A. seamenB. housewivesC. farmersD. hunters17. Which word is Not a loan word from French? ______.[ ]A. boulevardB. clicheC. cashmereD. souvenir18. Antonyms are of three types. Which group of pairs DOES NOT belong tothe same type?[ ]A. poor/rich; deep/shallowB. dead/ alive; hot/coldC. wife/ husband; lend borrowD. present/ absent; single/married19. He was in a mood of complete euphoria, his happinessbeing the result ofan announcement that he had won the sweepstakes. Which clue can the meaning of euphoria be inferred from?[ ]A. definitionB. exampleC. word structureD. synonymy20. Which of the following statements is Not true? [ ]A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.C. Concept is universal to all men alike.D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.Ⅱ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meanings 2) types of motivations 3) figures of speech 4) types of synonyms (10%) A B1. garage: a. conceptual meaning2. mistress b. relative synonyms3. from cradle to grave c. connotative meaning4. reading lamp d. metonymy5. black/nigger e. narrowing6. mother---love, kind, care f. affective meaning7. father---male parent g. morphologically motivated8. mental hospital h. absolute synonyms9. change/ alter i. degradation10. word-building/ word-formation j. euphemism1.[ ]2. [ ]3. [ ]4. [ ]5. [ ]6. [ ]7. [ ]8. [ ]9. [ ] 10. [ ]III. True or false? ( 10 % )1. English is more closely related to German than French.[ ]2. Samuel Johnson was the Father of English dictionaries.[ ]3. English is a heavy borrower, and it has adopted words mainly from Latin,German and Greek.[ ]4. In the word “receive” , the root is the word itself.[ ]5. A morpheme is identical with a syllable.[ ]6. Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by theconceptual meaning of the words.[ ]7. English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semanticchange and borrowing.[ ]8. Stylistic meaning refers to the part of the word meaning which indicatesthe attitude of the user.[ ]9. Usually, prefixes changes parts of speech and suffixes changes wordmeaning. [ ]10. Extension and restriction of meaning refer to changes in connotative,stylistic and affective meanings.[ ]IV. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to your understanding. (15%)1. The history of the English language begins with the conquest andsettlement of what is now England by , Saxons and the Jutes from about 450 AD .2. The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitraryand .3. By the form of the word we mean both its pronunciation and ___________.4. When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, itcreates .5. Antonyms are classified on the basis of ___________________.6. In the phrase “the tongue of the shoe”, the word “shoe”ismotivated.7. Semantic unity and stability are general features of idioms, but there are manyexceptions.8. Semantic motivation refers to the mental associationssuggested by the______________of the words.9. The vast majority of scientific and technical words in English have the samemeaning and spelling as words in other languages of the same ______________ family.10. In the words “de-frost, de-ice, de-curtain”, the meaning of the prefi x is _________ _ .11.“Fire, flame, conflagration”, “holy, sacred, consecrated”, etc. known astriplets, come from three sources: one from Old English, one from French, and the third from ___________.12. The new edition of Oxford English Dictionary (unabridged) has altogether______________ volumes.13. The first English dictionary came out in _________________.14. CPI stands for _____________________________________.15. COBUILD stands for ______________________________________________Ⅴ.Translation. ( 15% )Terms (E--C)1. Hybrid [ ]2. Semantic field [ ]3. Neologism [ ]4．Denotative meaning [ ]5．Bound root [ ]6. Slang [ ]7. Hyponymy [ ]Idioms (E—C)8. die in one’s shoes [ ]9. castle in the air [ ]10. Achilles’ heel [ ]11. a thorn in sb’s flesh [ ]12. to hang by a thread [ ]13. Indian summer [ ]Words(E—C)14. educationwise [ ]15. bookaholic [ ]VI. Tell the difference with illustration (10% )1.What is the difference between partial conversion and full conversion ?2. What is the difference between Initialisms and Acronym?VII. Questions or Comments ( 10 % )Choose one of the following questions. Your answer must be of at least 150 words (10%)1. Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on statement with one example.2. What is the difference between associative meaning and conceptual meaning?。
词汇学试题及答案
词汇学试题及答案【篇一：词汇学试题】ss=txt>i choose the best answer from the four choices. (30‘)1. the M sll in —drumsll is ___ .a. a free morphemeb.a stemc. a rootd.an inflectional affix2. a word is the combi nation of form and _______ ・a. spellingb. writingc. meaningd. denoting3. trumpet is a(n) _____ motivated word・a. morphologically b semanticallyc. phoneticallyd. etymologicall4. ____ i s a pair of emotive synonyms・a. —dadll and —fatherllb.—flatll and —apartmentllb. c.—meanil and —frugallld.—chargell and —accusell5. the word —Ianguagell is sometimes used to refer to the whole of a person's language.this is called _______ ・a. scientific Ianguageb.idiolectb. c.colloquial language d.formal language6. the meaning of the word fond changed from foolish to affectionate by mode of ______ .a. extensionb. narrowingc. elevationd. degradation7. degradation can be illustrated by the followingexample ____ .b. a. lewd —> ignorant b. silly —> foolishc. c・ Iast —> pleasured・ knave —> boy8. english lexicology embraces morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics and _____ ・a. linguisticsb・ pragmaticsc・ Iexicographyd・ phonology 9. which of the following is incorrect?a —airmailll means —mail by airllb. —reading-lampll means —lamp for readingllc. —green hornil is the horn green in colord. —hopelessll is —without hopeIIlO.which group of the following are perfect homonyms?a. dear (a loved person)—deer (a kind of animal)b. bow (bending the head as a greeting)—bow(the device used forshooting)c. bank(the edge of the river)—bank (an establishment for money business)d. right (correct)—write (put down on paper with a pen)11. the following are the main sources of homonyms excepta. change in meaningb. change in sound c ・change in spelling d. borrowing42. antonyms can be classified into three major groups except ・a. evaluative termsb. contrary termsc. complementary termsd. conversive terms13. —parent/child, husband/wife, predecessor/ successorllarea. contrary termsb. contradictory termsc. conversive terms d・ complementary terms14, _________________________________________ there are2 main process of sense -shift except ______________ .a. radiationb. concatenationc. borrowing45. according to morphology, there are 2 types of classifications except ____ ・a. root antonymsb. derivative antonymsc・ contraries46. there are derivative antonyms except____ ・a pleasant-—unpleasant b. polite---impolitec. war-一antiwar d・ large一一small17. there are complementary antonyms except ___ ・a. child----girlb. single—marriedc. dead-™alived. brother—sister48. there are 3classifications of homonyms except _____ ・a. perfect homonymsb. homographsc. homophonesd. contrary homonyms・19. modern english is derived from the Ianguage of earlytribes.a. greekb. romanc・ italiand. germanic20. the prehistoric indo-europea n pare nt Ian guage is thoughtto be a highly _____ Ianguage・a. inflected b・ derivedc・ developedd・ analyzed4.in modern english one may find some words whose soundssuggest their ____ ・2」exical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _______________ .3. ___ t he meanings of many words often relate directly to their _____ ・ in the words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word・4. part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs all belong to _______ meaning.5.1 exicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _______________ of words・6. generally speaking,linguistics is the ______ study ofIan guage ・7. there are two main approaches to study of english lexicology,that is ___ and ____ ・8・“tulip”and “rose”，are ____ of <<flower,,.u flower,,is the superordinate term and u tulip,,,u rose n are the _______ term.8. at the beginning of the fifth century britain was invaded by three tribes from the northern europe:angles, _____ and _____ 9. four group of loanword s ______ , ________ , _____ a n d _______ .iii. put the following words into the appropriate blanks.(4O') flock herd school troop pride1. a __ of cattle2.a ____ o f monkeys3. a __ of lions4.a ___ of sheep5. a __ offishiv. judge whether each of the following statements is true or false.(24. 『elations between meanings of words can be synonymy, antonymy or hyponymy.2. in semantics, meaning of Ianguage is considered as the intrinsic and inherent relation to the physical world of experie nee.3. grammatical meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning which indicates grammatical concepts・4. the connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary.5. —male/female, present/absentllare contrary terms・v. define the following terms.(2,+4,=6,)1. word2. motivatio nvi. answer the following questions .(6,+6,+8,=20,) 1 ・ what is the d iff ere nee betwee n homonyms and polysemy? how to differentiate them?2. how do linguists divide the history of the english language for analysis?3. discuss some of the characteristics of antonyms.答案1. d.2.c3.c4.c5.b6.c 7b 8.c 9.c 10 c 11.a12. a 13.c 14.c 15.c 16.d 17.a 18.d 19.d 2O.aii.1. meaning2.associated meaning3.origins4.grammatical5. meani ngs6. s cientific7.synchronlc,diachronic 8,hyponymys, superordinate8. sax on s,jutes9. aliens, denizens,translation・loans,semantic borrowings • • •IIIherd troopprideflockschooliv1. t2.f3.t4.f5.tV・1. a word is a minimum free form,that is to say,the smallest form that may appear in isolation・2. motivation acco unts for the conn ection betwee n the linguistic symbol and its meaning.most words can said to benon-motivated.that is,the conn ection of the sign and meaning does not have logical connectionexplanation.neverthelss,english does have words whose meanings can be explained to a certain extent.vi.1 ・ homonyms refer to d iff ere nt words which happe n to share the same form and polysemy refer to the fact that the same word has several distinguishable meanings・ by seeing their etymology, we can distinguish them, i. e. homonyms are from d iff ere nt sources while a polysemy is from the same source which has acquireddifferent meanings in the course of development. the secondprincipal consideration is semantic relatedness・ the various meaning of a polysemy are correlated and connected to do with one another, additionally, In dictionary, a polysemy has its meanings all listed under one headword whereas homonyms are listed as separate entries・2. three periods in the development of english language (vocabulary)1) old english or anglo-saxon period (449-1100)1 much of the old english vocabulary was borrowed from latin 如bargain, cheap, inch, pound; cup, dish, wall, wine, etc2 old english was a highly in fleeted language .it has a complete system of declensions of words2) middle english period ( 1100-1500 )1 french influence and norman conquest in 1066law and government administration: military affairs> religion、art 2 middle english is becoming from highly inflected language to analytic language3) modern english period (1500-)【篇二：词汇学考试题目】1.in old english there was ______ agreement between sound form.()a moreb. littlec. lessd. gradual2. both Idee and cceld are ______ ・()a. general dictionariesb monolingual dictionariesc. both a and bd. neither a and b3. the word miniskirt is ______ ・()a. morphologically motivatedb etymologically motivatedc. semantically motivatedd. none of the above4. the most important way of vocabulary development in present-dayenglish is _______ ・()a borrowingb. semantic changec. creation of new wordsd. all the above5. beneralization is a process by which a word that originallyhad a specialized meaning has now become ________ ・()a. generalizedb. expandedc. elevatedd・ degraded6. _________________________ some morphemes have as they are realized by morethan one morph according to their position in word.()a. alter native morphsb. single morphsc. abstract unitsd. discrete units7.old english vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from latin and Scandinavian・()a. italicb germanicc. Celticd. hellenica. semanticsb. grammarc. phoneticsd. Iexicology9.if two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called ____________ .()a. repetitionb. alliterationc. rhymed. none of the abovelO.which of the following words is a functional word?()a. oftenb. neverc. althoughd. desk41. _______________________________ rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _____________________________ ・()a. semantic unityb. structural stabilityc. idiomatic variationd. figure of speech12.the advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _________________ .()a. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyb understand idioms correctlyc. remember idioms quicklyd. try a new method of classification13. borrowing as a source of homonymy in english can be illustrated by _______ .()a. long (not short)b. ball (a dancing party)c. rock (rocknroll)d. ad (advertisement)14. the change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors except _______ .()a. the influx of borrowingb. repetitionc. analogyd ・ shortening15. w hich of the following is not a comp orient of linguistic context?()a. words and phrases ・b. sentencesc. text or passaged. time and placeii. match the words or expressions in column a with those in column b according to 1 )types of meaning changes; 2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context. (10%)16. seandinavian ( ) l (place where things are made) 22. participants ( ) g.determined23. difference in denotation ( ) h.pigheaded24. appreciative ( ) i.non-linguistic25. pejorative ( ) j.iron (a device for smoothing clothes)iii. study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2) types of word formation or prefixes. (20%))17. germanic () 18. extension () 49.narrowing () 21. ambiguity () b. grammaticalc.d ouble meaning d.s wedish f. dutch27. mote I ()()29. blueprint ()30. preliminaries ()31. southward ()32. demilitarize ()33. hypersensitive ()34. retell ()35. multi-purposes ()iv. define the following terms. (10%)36. acr onymy37. native words38. elevatio n39. stylistic meaning40. monolingral dictionaryV・answer the following questions. your answers should the clear and short・ write your answers in the space given below・(10%)41 ・how many types of motivation are there in english? give one example for each type・42. what are the major sources of english synonyms? illustrate your points・Vl.analyze and comment on the following. write your answers in the space given below・(20%)43. a nalyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.recollection, nationalist, unearthly英语词汇学试题参考答案I. (30%)1. a2.c3.a4.c5.a6.a7.b8.d9.b 10.c 11.d 12.a 13.b 14.b 15.d II. (10%)16. d17. f18. a19. j20. b21. c22.i23. e24. g25. hm.(2o%)26. bound root27. (head+tail) blending28.inflectional affix/morpheme30. full conversion31. derivational suffix32. derivation33. prefix of degree34. derivational prefix35. number prefixIV. (10%)36. the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms・37. n ative words, also known as anglo-saxon words, are words brought to britian in the 5th century by the germanic tribes・38. the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importanee.39. the distinctlve stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.40. a dictio nary writte n in one language, or a dicti on ary in which entries are defined in the same Ianguage.V. (10%)41. there are four types of motivation:1) onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2) morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3) semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4) etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.42. key points:borrowing; dialects and regional english; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidenee with idiomatic expressions.VL(20%)43.1) each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection (re+collect+ion) ,nationalist(nation+al+ist) ,unearthly (un+earth+ly).2) of the nine morphemes, only collect,nation and earth are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves・3) all the rest re-,-ion，-al,-ist,un・ and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words・【篇三：英语词汇学试题】write the terms in the blanks according to the definitions・(20 points)4. a minimal meaningful unit of a language ()2. one of the variants that realize a morpheme ()3. a morpheme that occurs with at least one other morpheme ()4. a morpheme that can stand alone ()5. a morpheme attached to a stem alone ()6. an affix that indicates grammatical relations ()7. an affix that forms new words with a stem or root ()8. what remains of a word after the removal of all affixes ()9. a form to which affixes of any kind can be added ()40. the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words () ii. form negatives pf each of the following words by using one of these prefixes dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, non・，un-. (40 points) smoker capablepractical obey security relevant mature ability officially willingnesslegal agreement logicalloyal convenientathleic moral regularhonest likeiii. decide whether the following statements are true or false・ (20 points)english is more closely related to german than french.2. old english was a highly inflected Ianguage・3. middle english absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but withlittle change in word endings・4. conversions refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class・5. words mainly invoIved in conversation are nouns, verbs, and adverbs.6. motivation explains why a particular form has a particular meaning ・7. unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstableandin determinate.8. perfect homonyms share the same spelling and pronounciation ・9. contradictory terms do not show degrees・10. antonyms should be opposites of similar intensity.iv. study the sentences below and give and antonyms to the word in bold type in each context. (20 points)4. the discussion enabled them to have a clear idea of the nature of the problem.2. they are faced with clear alter natives ・3. his grandfather's mind was not clear during the time he made the will.4. i'd like to get a clear plastic bag to carry this・5. wash the substances with clear cold water.6. the singefs voice remai ned pure and clear throughout the eveni ng.7. all colors were clear, the river below her was brilliant blue・8. her eyes behind the huge spectacles are clear andun troubled ・9. now that Pve told her everyth!ng, i can leave with a clear con scie nee.10. he is a shortish man of clear complexion.参考答案英语词汇学i. 1.morpheme 2. allomorph 3. bound morpheme 4. free morpheme 5. affix6. inflectional affix7. derivational affix8. root9. stem 10. etymology11. n onsmoker, in capable, impractical, discovery, insecurity, irrelevant, immature,inability/disability, unofficially, unwillingness, illegal, disagreeme nt, illogical, disloyal, inco nv enient, non athletic, immoral, irregular, dishonest, dislikeiii. l.t 2.t 3.f 4.t 5.f 6.t 7.t 8.t 9.t 10.tiv. 1. confusing 2. ambiguous 3. muddled 4. opaque 5. dirty6. harsh7. dull8. shifty9. guiltylO. blemished。
(完整版)英语词汇学试题
英语词汇学试题Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through theuse of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD. policeman11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. ArgotB. SlangC. JargonD. Dialectal words12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slightD. great13. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good14. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal15. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _____of words.17.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______ structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.18.English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such as morphology, ______,etymology, stylistics,________.19.There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namely synchronic and _______.nguage study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and_______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowed words4)characteristics of the basic word stock.A B21 . Stability ( ) A. E-mail22. Collocbility( ) B. aught23. Jargon( ) C. por24. Argot ( ) D. upon25.Notional words( ) E. hypo26. Neologisms ( ) F. at heart27. Aliens ( ) G. man28. Semantic-loans( ) H. dip29. Archaisms ( ) I. fresh30. Empty words ( ) J. emirIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2) types of nonbasic vocabulary.31. dog cheap ( ) 32 a change of heart ( )33. can-opener ( ) 34.Roger ( )35. bottom line ( ) 36.penicillin ( )37. auld ( ) 38. futurology ( )39.brethren ( ) 40. take ( )V. Define the following terms.41. word 42. Denizens 43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans 45. Semantic-loansVI. Answer the following Questions46.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.47. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock? Illustrate your points with examples.48. Give the types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:I. 1. A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.CII.16.meanings17.morphological, historical, usages 18. semantics, lexicography19.diachronic20.vocabularyIII.21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27. J28.I29.B30.DIV.31. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocability33.the basic word stock; argot34.nonbasic word stock; slang35. nonbasic word stock; jargon36. nonbasic word stock ;terminology37.nonbasic word stock; dialectal words38. nonbasic word stock ,neologisms39. nonbasic word stock; archaisms40. the basic word stock; polysemyV-----VI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, clould, run, walk, frequently, never, fiveFunctional words: on, of, upon, be, the, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt,Aliens: bazaar, kowtowTranslation-loans: lama, masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream, pioneerChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I(练习2)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which can be groupedinto the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B. 4000C. 300D. 20002.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed3.After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French4.The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism5.In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders, many________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scandinavian6.It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 9007.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin8.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, andgovernment and regained social status.A. 12thB. 13thC. 14thD.15th9.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller10. The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian11.In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from thedead language.A. SanskritB. LatinC. RomanD. Greek12.Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic13.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to theItalic through an intermediate language called _______.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon14.The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danishand Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. GermanicB. Indo-EuropeanC. AlbanianD. Hellenic15.By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power and manyof those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10thB.11thC.12thD. 13thII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as _______.17.. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Middle English was one of ______.18.It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present _____language.19.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be grouped into anEastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic, _______.20.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and _____ Modern English.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) origin of the words2)history off English development 3) language family.A B21. Celtic ( ) A.politics22. religious ( ) B.moon23.Scandinavian ( ) C. Persian24. French ( ) D.London25. Old English ( ) E. abbot26.Dutch ( ) F. skirt27.Middle English ( ) G. sunu28. Modern English ( ) H. lernen29. Germanic family ( ) I. freight30.Sanskrit ( ) J. NorwegianIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.31. earth ( ) 32.contradict ( )33. predictor ( ) 34. radios ( )35. prewar ( ) 36. happiest ( )37. antecedent ( ) 38. northward ( )38. sun ( ) 40. diction ( )V. Define the following terms.41. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stem 45.affixesVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.46. Describe the characteristics of Old English .47. Describe the characteristics of Middle English.48. Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.49. What are the three main sources of new words ?50. How does the modern English vocabulary develop ?Key to exercises:I. 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.BII.16.Old English 17. Leveled endings 18. analytic 19. Germanic te(1700-up to the present )III.21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. G 26. I 27. H 28. B 29. J 30. CIV.31. free morpheme/ free root 32. bound root 33. suffix 34. inflectional affix35. prefix 36. Inflectional affix 37. prefix 38. suffix 39. free morpheme/free root40.bound rootV.-VI ( See the course book )VII. 49. The three main sources of new words are :(1)The rapid development of modern science and technology ,e.g. astrobiology, green revolution ;(2)Social , economic and political changes; e.g. Watergate, soy milk;(3)The influence of other cultures and language; e.g. felafel, Nehru Jackets.50. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: (1) creation, e.g. consideration, carefulness; (2) semantic change, e.g. Polysemy, homonymy ; (3) borrowing ;e.g. tofu, gongful.Chapter 3 The Development of the English V ocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II（练习3）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A.reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes2.The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes3.The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes4.The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes5.The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes6.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size7. Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames8. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames9.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes10.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames11.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes12.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.A.prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes13.Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames14.The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes15.The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixesII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16. Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stem. This process is also known as_____.pounding , also called ________, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems . Words formed in this way are called _________.18. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.19. _________ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words.20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called _______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to types of suffixation.A B21. Concrete denominal noun suffixes( ) A. priceless22. Abstract denominal noun suffixes ( ) B. downward23. Deverbal noun suffixes(denoting people.)() C. engineer24. Deverbal nouns suffixes( denoting action,etc) （） D. darken25. De-adjective noun suffixes（）Ｅviolinist26. Noun and adjective suffixes ( ) F.happiness27. Denominal adjective suffixes ( ) G. arguable28. Deverbal adjective suffixes ( ) H.dependent29. Adverb suffixes ( ) I. adulthood30. Verb suffixes ( ) J. survivalIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clipping 2) types of acronymy and write the full terms.31.quake ( ) 32. stereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34. pub ( ) 35. c/o ( )36. V-day ( ) 37. TB ( ) 38. disco ( ) 39.copter ( ) 40. perm ( )V.Define the following terms .41. acronymy 42. back-formation 43. initialisms 44. prefixation 45. suffixationVI. Answer the following questions with examples.46. What are the characteristics of compounds ?47. What are the main types of blendings ?48. What are the main types of compounds ?VII. Analyze and comment on the following:49. Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.(1) donate ----donation emote----emotion(2) loaf—loafer beg------beggar(3) eavesdrop---eavesdropping babysit---babysitter(4) drowse—drowsy laze---lazy50. Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized words.(1) I’m very grateful for your help. (2) The rich must help the poor.(3)His argument contains too many ifs and buts. (4) They are better housed and clothed.(5) The photograph yellowed with age. (6) We downed a few beers.Key to exercises :1. B2. C3. A4. B5. A6.C7.B8.D9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.BII. 16. derivation position, compounds 18. Conversion 19. Blending(pormanteau) 20.clippingIII. 21.C 22. I 23. H 24. J 25.F 26.E 27.A 28.G 29.B 30.DIV.31. Front clipping, earthquake32. Back clipping, stereophonic33.Front and back clipping, influenza34.Phrase clipping, public house35. Initialisms, care of36. Acronyms, Victory Day37. Initialisms, tuberculosis38. Back clipping, discotheque39. Front clipping, helicopter40. Phrase clipping, permanent wavesV-VI. (See the course book)VII.49. There are mainly four types of back-formation.(1)From abstract nouns (2) From human nouns (3) From compound nouns and others(4) From adjectives50. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscellaneous conversion to noun(4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning (练习4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting2._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context3.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside4. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related5.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. etymologically6.Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically7.In the sentence ‘ He is fond of pen ’ , pen is a ______ motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically8.Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically9.Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content words have both meanings, and lexical meaning inparticular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaning10._______is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of the individual.A.Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning11.Affective meaning indicates the speaker’s _______towards the person or thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudeD. understanding12. _________ are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear me, alas.A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD. Explanations13. It is noticeable that _______overlaps with stylistic and affective meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations.A.conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD. collocative meaning14.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in ______.A. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than threeD. different words15.Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. speakersB. listenersC. worldD. specific countryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.16.In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest their ______pounds and derived words are ______ words and the meanings of many are the sum total of themorphemes combined.18._______ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word.19.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______. In other words the history of the wordexplains the meaning of the word.20.Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptual meaning and _________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of motivation 2) types of meaning.A B21. Onomotopooeic motivation ( ) A. tremble with fear22. Collocative meaning ( ) B. skinny23. Morphological motivation ( ) C. slender24. Connotative meaning ( ) D. hiss25. Semantic motivation ( ) E. laconic26. Stylistic meaning ( ) F. sun (a heavenly body)27. Etymological motivation ( ) G.airmail28. Pejorative meaning ( ) H. home29. Conceptual meaning ( ) I. horse and plug30. Appreciative meaning ( ) J. pen and awordIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of motivation 2) types of meaning.31. neigh ( ) 32. the mouth of the river ( )33. reading-lamp ( ) 34. tantalus ( )35. warm home ( ) 36. the cops ( )37. dear me ( ) 38. pigheaded ( )39. handsome boy ( ) 40. diligence ( )V.Define the following terms .41. motivation 42. grammatical meanings 43. conceptual meaning 44. associative meaning 45. affective meaningVI.Answer the following questions . Your answers should be clear and short.46. What is reference ? 47. What is concept ? 48. What is sense ?VII.Analyze and comment on the following.49. Study the following words and explain to which type of motivation they belong.50. Explain the types of associative meaning with examples.Key to exercises:I. 1. C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.CII.16. meanings 17.multi-morphemic 18.Semantic motivation 19.origins 20.associative meaningIII.21. D 22.A 23.G 24.H 25.J 26.I 27.E 28.B 29.F 30.CIV.31. Onomatopoeic motivation 32. Semantic motivation33. Morphological motivation 34. Etymological motivation35. Connotative meaning 36.Stylistic meaning37. Affective meaning 38. pejorative39. collocative meaning 40. appreciativeV-VI. See the course book.VIII.49. (1) Roar and buzz belong to onomatopoeic motivation.(2)Miniskirt and hopeless belong to morphological motivation.(3) The leg of a table and the neck of a bottle belong to semantic motivation.(4) Titanic and panic belong to etymological motivation.50. Associative meaning comprises four types:(1)Connotative meaning . It refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning,traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-meaning, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language. For example, mother , denoting a ‘female parent’, is often associated with ‘love’, ‘care’, etc..(2)Stylistic meaning. Apart feom their conceptual meanings, many words have stylistic features, whichmake them appropriate for different contexts. These distinctive features form the stylistic meanings of words . For example, pregnant, expecting, knockingup, in the club, etc., all can have the same conceptual meaning, but differ in their stylistic values.(3)Affective meaning. It indicates the speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question. Wordsthat have emotive values may fall into two categories :appreciative or pejorative. For example, famous, determined are words of positive overtones; notorious, pigheaded are of negative connotations implying disapproval, contempt or criticism.(4)Collocative meaning. It consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words,it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. For example, we say : pretty girl, pretty garden; we don’t say pretty typewriter. But sometimes there is some overlap between the collocations of the two words.Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field (练习5)I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages2.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of thesemantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional3._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondarymeanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection4. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation5.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage6. ________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms7. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy8. _________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/; bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms9. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms10.The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms11.The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected termsposition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms13.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employed in aconversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms14.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning .The first meaning is called ______.。
词汇学语言考试题及答案
词汇学语言考试题及答案1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的哪一方面？A. 语音B. 语法C. 词汇D. 语义答案：C2. 词汇学中，词根是指什么？A. 词的最小意义单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的语法单位答案：A3. 词汇学研究中，词缀的作用是什么？A. 改变词义B. 改变词性C. 改变词形D. 以上都是答案：D4. 以下哪个词不是复合词？A. 黑板B. 电脑C. 老师D. 飞机答案：C5. 词汇学中，同义词是指什么？A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 意义相反的词D. 形式相同的词答案：B6. 词汇学中，反义词是指什么？A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 意义相反的词D. 形式相同的词答案：C7. 词汇学研究中，词义的演变叫做什么？A. 词义变化B. 词义发展C. 词义演变D. 词义扩展答案：C8. 词汇学中，词义的缩小指的是什么？A. 词义变得更加具体B. 词义变得更加抽象C. 词义变得更加广泛D. 词义保持不变答案：A9. 词汇学研究中，词义的扩大指的是什么？A. 词义变得更加具体B. 词义变得更加抽象C. 词义变得更加广泛D. 词义保持不变答案：C10. 词汇学中，词义的转移指的是什么？A. 词义变得更加具体B. 词义变得更加抽象C. 词义从一个领域转移到另一个领域D. 词义保持不变答案：C。
词汇学期末考试题及答案
词汇学期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的核心对象是（）。
A. 语音B. 语法C. 词汇D. 语义答案：C2. 词义的最小单位是（）。
A. 语素B. 词C. 短语D. 句子答案：A3. 以下哪个词属于多义词？（）A. 桌子B. 苹果C. 跑D. 笔答案：C4. 词义的演变通常不包括（）。
A. 词义扩大B. 词义缩小C. 词义转移D. 词义创新答案：D5. 以下哪个词属于外来词？（）A. 沙发B. 电脑C. 汽车D. 火车答案：A6. 词义的引申通常是基于（）。
A. 词的本义B. 词的引申义C. 词的转用义D. 词的比喻义答案：A7. 以下哪个词属于同义词？（）A. 快速和迅速B. 桌子和椅子C. 红色和蓝色D. 学习和平息答案：A8. 以下哪个词属于反义词？（）A. 高和矮B. 桌子和椅子C. 红色和蓝色D. 学习和平息答案：A9. 以下哪个词属于成语？（）A. 马到成功B. 桌子C. 红色D. 学习答案：A10. 以下哪个词属于专业术语？（）A. 电脑B. 桌子C. 红色D. 学习答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中的词汇及其变化规律的学科。
2. 词义的演变包括词义扩大、词义缩小和词义转移。
3. 多义词是指一个词具有两个或两个以上相关或不相关的意义。
4. 外来词是指从其他语言借用过来的词。
5. 词义的引申通常是基于词的本义。
6. 同义词是指意义相同或相近的词。
7. 反义词是指意义相反或相对的词。
8. 成语是指由四个或四个以上汉字组成的固定短语，具有特定的意义和用法。
9. 专业术语是指在特定领域内使用的具有特定意义的词。
10. 词汇的创新是指根据语言发展的需要，创造出新的词汇。
三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 简述词汇学的研究内容。
词汇学主要研究语言中的词汇及其变化规律，包括词的构成、词义的演变、词的分类、词的用法等方面。
2. 简述词义演变的类型。
2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案10
2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案一、单项选择题 Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1、Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and____of words.A.soundsB.meaningsC.FormsD.spellings2、The definition of a word comprises the following points EXCEPT____.A.a sound unityB.a unit of meaningC.the smallest form of a languageD.a form that can function alone in a sentence3、English words may fall into content words and functional words by____.A.notione frequencyC.originD.form4、The Indo-European is made up of most of the languages of the following areas EXCEPT____.A.EuropeB.the MediterraneanC.the Near EastD.India5、In the 9th century, England was invaded by Norwegian and Danish Vikings and many____words came into the English language.A.CeltictinC.ScandinavianD.Greek6、New words or expressions like astrobiology, earthrise, open heart surgery come into present-day English vocabulary due to____.A.the growth of globalizationB.social, economic and political changesC.rapid growth of science and technologyD.the influence of other cultures and languages7、Root words like man, earth, anger are also called____.A.allomorphsB.free morphemesC.basic wordsD.bound morphemes8、There are____morphemes in the words collection, idealistic, prisoner.A.3B.6C.7D.89、Which of the following is a stem in the word internationalists?A.interB.nationC.alD.ist10、The expansion of vocabulary in modem English depends chiefly on____.A.borrowingB.semantic changeC.word-formationD.blending11、Of the following prefixes,____is a prefix of degree.A.un-(unwrap)B.super- (superfreeze)C.pseudo- (pseudo-friend)D.anti- (anti-nuclear)12、Which of the following words is NOT a compound?A.honey-beeB.withoutC.clockwiseD.blueprint13、____explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of a word.A.Onomatopoeic motivationB.Morphological motivationC.Semantic motivationD.Etymological motivation14、From much money, many books, we can see that even in the same language the same____can be expressed in different words.A.referenceB.conceptC.motivationD.type15、Associative meaning comprises the following types EXCEPT____.A.connotative meaningB.affective meaningC.conceptual meaningD.collocative meaning16、When a word is coined, it is always monosemic.But in the course of development, the same symbol must be used to express more meanings. The result is____.A.polysemyB.homonymyC.synonymyD.antonymy17、In the sense relations, the words right and write belong to____.A.perfect homonymsB.homographsC.homophonesD.homolog18、As a result of____—one of the sources of synonyms, gain the upper hand becomes the synonym of win.A.borrowingB.dialects and regional EnglishC.figurative and euphemistic use of wordsD.coincidence with idiomatic expressions19、The word silly used to mean 查看答案。
英语专业词汇学考试试题
英语专业词汇学考试试题英语专业词汇学考试试题第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket （30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]A. lewd →ignorantB. silly →foolishC. last →pleasureD. knave →boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning.This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）11. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.12. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.13. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.14. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.15. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms （10％）A B16. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish17. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl18. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated19. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state20. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respondIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）21. heart and soul ( )22. father—male parent ( )23. mother—female parent ( )24. city-bred ( )25. lip-reading to lip-read ( ) V. Define the following terms （10％）26. specialized dictionary27. collocative meaning28. transfer29. morpheme30. old English英语词汇学试题参考答案第一部分选择题I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D 10. B第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)11. stylistic 12.monolingual 13.semantic opposition14. degradation 或pejoration 15.productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with thosein Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)16. I 17. C 18. F 19. B 20. EIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)21. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature22. conceptual meaning 23. conceptual meaning24. n+v-ed 25. backformationV. Define the following terms.(10%)26. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)27. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)28. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.29. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.30. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.。
2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案9
2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案一、单项选择题 Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1、Semantics is the study of_____ of different linguistic levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse,etc.A.relationsB.originsC.formsD.meanings2、The relationship between sound and meaning is____ because people of the same speech community have agreed to refer to the thing or the person with this cluster of sounds.A.arbitraryB.conventionalC.symbolicD.fixed3、Which of the flowing belongs to the common core of the English language?A.Polysemy.B.Terminology.C.Jargon.D.Slang4、At the end of the 6 century Latin-speaking Roman missionaries spread Christianity and brought many____ terms such as abbot, candle, alter.A.geographicalB.medicalC.artisticD.religious5、In the mid-seventeenth century,_____ enabled English to absorb words from all major languages of the world.A.the RenaissanceB.the growth of colorizationC.advances in science and technologyD.new upsurge of learning ancient Greek classics6、New words like Mao Jackets, kungfu blank belt come into present-day English vocabulary due to _____.A.social, economic and political changesB.an upsurge of learning ancient Roman classicsC.the influence of other cultures and languagesD.the rapid development of modem science and technology7、For the words idealistic, prisoner individualist, only ideal, prison, individual are _____.A.free morphemesB.bound morphemesC.functional wordsD.grammatical words8、 For the word antecedent, -ced.is called a(n)_____ .A.free morphemeB.bound rootC.free rootD.affix9、There are inflectional affixes in the following words EXCEPT_____.A.likesB.hardestC.hatredD.going10、 Which of the following prefixes is a pejorative prefix?A.a- (asleep)B.de- (de-compose)C.mal- (mal-practice)D.extra- (extra strong)11、The prefixes bl, multi, semi- are_____ prefixes.A.miscellaneousB.numberC.locativeD.reversative12、Words like nylon, rayon, rayon are words from proper names, which were originally_____.s of peoples of placess of booksD.trade names13、___ is the result of human recognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A.ReferenceB.ConceptC.SenseD.Motivation14、The meaning given in the dictionary and forming the core of word-meaning is__ meaningA.GrammaticalB.conceptualC.associateD.affective15、The following are words of appreciative meanings EXCEPT _____.A.famousB.determinedC.notoriousD.slim16、Which of the following statements is true?A.Perfect homonyms share the sane spelling and pronunciation.B.Homonyms mainly come from borrowing changes in sound and spelling, and dialects.C.Homonyms are words whose meaning are closely related.D.Most homonyms are words that are the same in spelling bu differ in sound and meaning17、Horse, dog, pig are subordinates in relation to animal, which shows the sense relation of _____.A.antonymyB.synonymyC.homonymyD.hyponymy18、Which of the following expressions does NOT use antonyms?A.Easy come, easy go.B.More haste, less speed.C.Feed a cold and starve a feverD.United we stand, divided we fall19、 The word picture originally denoted mere "painting". but now has come to include "drawing" and even "photograph". This example shows _____ of meaning.A.extensionB.narrowingC.degradationD.Transfer20、Which of the following words has undergone elevation of meaning?A.busybody: busy person →officious and meddlesome personB.naughty: wicked, bad, evil →not behaving properlyC.notorious: well-known +unfavorably well-knownD.voyage: Journey →journey by water21、The meaning of clear-sounding has changed from "sight" to "hearing". This example shows _____.A.associated transferB.transfer of sensationsC.transfer between abstract and concrete meaningsD.transfer between subjective and objective meanings22、 Many familiar words have different meanings when they are used in different contexts. Study the following sentences carefully and decide in which sentence stage means 查看答案。
本科 英语专业 词汇学考试题
练习一1. As far as the origins of the words are concerned, English words can be classified into ___B__.A. content words and functional wordsB. native words and borrowed wordsC. basic words and borrowed wordsD. loan words and dialectal words2. A word is ___A__ of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.A. a minimal free formB. a basic partC. a minimal elementD. a free element3. English lexicology embraces __A___, semantics, etymology, stylistics, and lexicography.A. morphologyB. phonologyC. syntaxD. Pragmatics4. The internal reason for the difference between sound and form is ___D__.A. innovations made by linguistsB. influence of the work of scribesC. stabilization of spelling by printingD. the fact of more phonemes than letters in English5. The relationship between sound and meaning is _C____ and conventional.A. logicalB. objectiveC. arbitraryD. consistent6. Pronouns and _C____ are semantically monosemous and have limited productivity and collocability.A adverbs B. adjectivesC. numeralsD. Prepositions7. Which of the following is not a functional word? DA throughB ButC theyD four8. Listed in the course book are ___C__ features of native words.A FiveB SixC sevenD eight9. ___A__ are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling.A. AliensB. DenizensC. Semantic-loansD. Neologisms10. The words borrowed from French or Latin are mostly ___B__.A. neutralB. formalC. colloquialD. Informal11. There was _A___ agreement between sound and form in Old English than in Modern English.A.moreB. littleC. lessD. a bit more12. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except __B___.A. neologismsB. Anglo-Saxon wordsC. archaismsD. technical termsII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions given in the course book.1. Etymology is traditionally used for the study of the ___origins__ and history of the form and meaning of words.2. There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely __synchronic______ and diachronic.3. English lexicology is a __Theoretically-oriented___ course and a practical course as well.4. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and __meanings__ of words.5. _Stylistics___ is the study of style. It is concerned with the user‟s choices of linguistic elements in a particular context for special effects.6. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and _meaning__and syntactic function.7. A word is a _symbol________ that stands for something else in the world.8. All the words in a language make up its ___vocabulary__.9. The basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common ___core___ of the language.10. Words may fall into content words and functional words by _notion____.11. _Argot____ generally refers to the jargon of criminals.12. The word “internet” is a__neologism__, but the word “calculus” is a technical term.13. Native words are words brought to Britain in the fifth century by the _Germanic____tribes.14. According to the degree of _assimilation____ and manner of borrowing, we can bring the loan-words under four classes.15. _Denizens____ are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language.III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. A word is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. (F)2.In different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds. (T)3.Under no circumstances can sound and meaning be logically related. (F)4.Prepositions, conjunctions, numerals and articles all belong to functional words.(F)5.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form, meaning, origins and usages of words.(T)6.Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average. (F)7. The basic word stock enjoys the same features as native words.(F(nat.7, bas.5))8. It is estimated that English borrowings constitute 80 percent of the modern English vocabulary.(T)9. The expression of “black humour” from “humour noir” is regarded as a semantic-loan.(F（tran.))10. The word “port” from “portus” is a translation-loan .(F(sem.))11. Such words as kowtow, bazaar and ketchup are aliens.(F (ketchup tran.))12. Words of Anglo-Saxon origin are small in number, amounting to roughly 50,000 to 60,000. (T)13. A word can be defined in different ways from different points of view. (T)14.When the word “persuader” means “dagger”(匕首）, it is regarded as an argot word.(T)15.Words of the basic word stock are mostly root words or monosyllabic words(T).IV. Answer the following questions.1.What is the publicly accepted definition of a word?(1)a minimal free form of a language;(2) a sound unity;(3) a unit of meaning;(4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.Therefore, we can say that …a word is a minimal free form of a lang uage that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function‟.2.What accounts for the differences between sound and form?Four major reasons. The internal reason for this is that there are more phonemes than letters in English. Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling. The third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes. The fourth reason is borrowing.3.What is the relationship between sound and meaning? Give examples to illustrate it.The relationship between sound and meaning is almost always arbitrary and conventional, and there is no logical relationship between sound and meaning. The same concept can be represented by different sounds in different languages. For example, …woman‟ becomes …Frau‟ in German and …femme‟ in French. On the other hand, the same sound /mi:t/ is used to mean …meat‟, …meet‟, and …mete‟.4.How are English words classified?English words can be classified by different criteria and for different purposes. They may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency, into content words and functional words by notion, and into native words and borrowed words by origin.5.What is the difference between denizens and aliens?Denizens which are words borrowed early in the past are now well assimilated into the English language and have come to conform to the English way of pronunciation and spelling, but aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling and are immediately recognizable as foreign in origin.练习二I. Choose the best answer and put the letter of your choice in the brackets.1. The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly __D___ languageA. advancedB. developedC. complicatedD. Inflected2. The following languages are all Germanic except ___A__.A .Scottish B. SwedishC. FlemishD. Danish3. In the Western set, Greek is the modern language derived from __B___.A. ItalicB. HellenicC. CelticD. Germanic4. Words such as Kent, London, bin and crag are from __A___.A.CelticB. GermanicC. ScandinavianD. Latin5. We find the following languages in the Italic except _C____.A.SpanishB. RoumanianC. NorwegianD. Portuguese6. The early inhabitants of the British Isles were __B___.A.GermansB. CeltsC. ScandinaviansD. Romans7. It is estimated that at least _C____ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in Modern English.1200 B. 1000 C. 900 D. 8008. Th e word “candle” came from __D____.A.FrenchB. DanishC. CelticD. Latin9. Old English began to undergo a great change when the _D____ invaded England in 1066.A.RomansB. AnglesC. DanesD. Normans10. Between 1250 and 1500 about __B___ words of French origin poured into English.A.8000B. 9000C. 10000D. 1200011. Modern English is regarded as a/an _A____ language.A.analyticB. inflectedC. syntheticD. Advanced12. In modern times, ___C__ is considered to be the most important way of vocabulary expansion.A. semantic changeB. meaning changeC. creationD. BorrowingII. Complete the following statements with proper words and expressions given in the course book.1. The language of the early inhabitants of the British Isles is __Celtic______.2.World languages can be grouped into roughly _300__ language families on the basis of similarities in the basic word stock and grammar.3.Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and _Swedish__ are generally known as Scandinavian languages.4.The second major language known in England was the _Latin_______ of the Roman Legions(军团）.5.Now people generally refer to _Anglo-Saxon_____ as Old English.6.The introduction of __Christianity____ at the end of 6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary.7.Old English was a highly inflected language just like modern __German_______.8.In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and _Danish___________Vikings.9.Modern English began with the establishment of __printing______ in England.10.In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient _Greek____ and Roman classics.11.English has evolved from a _synthetic____ language ( Old English ) to the present analytic language.12.Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, _semantic_______ change, and borrowing.13.Reviving _archaic_____ or obsolete words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary though quite insignificant.14.In modern English, word _endings_______ were mostly lost with just a few exceptions.15.Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, __affixes_______ and other elements.III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. The surviving languages of the Indo-European language family fall into ten principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set and a Western set. (F)2.Celtic is generally known as Old English. （F）3.Spanish, French and Italian all belong to the Italic. （T）4.Danish, Icelandic, Dutch and Norwegian are generally known as Scandinavian languages.(F)5.The Germanic tribes were considered to be the first peoples known to inhabit the British Isles.(F)6.In the 6th century many Scandinavian words came into the English language. F（Latin)7.Old English refers to the language used between 450 and 1150. (T)8.Middle English lasted for more than three hundred years.(T)9.During the Middle English period, about 2,500 words of Dutch origin found their way into English. (T)10.French, Celtic and English existed simultaneously for over a century. (F)11.Social and economic terms make up more new words than science and technology terms. (F)12.In modern times, borrowing is still the most important way of vocabulary expansion.(F)13.Middle English retained much fewer inflections than Old English. (T)14.English, German, Irish and Flemish all belong to the Germanic. (F)15.Modern English is a synthetic language. (F)IV. Answer the following questions.1.What does the Germanic family consist of?The Germanic family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are known as Scandinavian languages. Then there is German, Dutch, Flemish and English.2.What major families can be found in the Indo-European language family?In the Indo-European language family, we can find eight main groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armanian and Albanian; a Western set: Celtic, Italic, Hellenic and Germanic.3.What are the characteristics of Old English?Old English was mainly Anglo-Saxon spoken by the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. It had a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. It was a highly inflected language just like modern German. It was a synthetic language.4.What are the characteristics of Middle English?Middle English (1150-1500) borrowed a large number of words mainly from French. It had a much larger vocabulary. It retained much fewer inflections. It was a language of leveled endings.5.What are the characteristics of Modern English?Modern English (1500-up to now) has a huge vocabulary of different elements. Word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions. English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present analytic language.练习三I. Choose the best answer and put the letter of your choice in the brackets.1.The minimal meaningful units are known as __C___.A.morphsB. stemsC. morphemesD. Roots2. The word …shortenings‟ contains _B____ morphemes.A. threeB. fourC. fiveD. Six3. Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as _A____.A.morphsB. phonemesC. lexemesD. Allomorphs4. Words like cat, dog, tree and so on are called __D____ words.A. stemB. Polysemous . polymorphism D. Monomorphemic5. Free morphemes are the same as __D___ words.A. clippedB. stemC. nativeD. Root6. In the word “contradiction”, the morpheme “-dict-“ is _B____.A.a free rootB. a bound rootC. an affixD. an allomorph7. In the word “international”, “nation” is not a __C___.A. free morphemeB. StemC. bound morphemeD. free root8. A bound morpheme has to combine with other __B___ to make words.A. morphemesB. AllomorphsC. phonemesD. Lexemes9. Bound morphemes are chiefly found in ___A__ words.A. derivedB. convertedC. inflectionalD. Compound10. __C___ affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes.A. InflectionalB. BoundC. DerivationalD. Converted11. A __D___ is a form to which affixes of any kind can be added.A. rootB. morphC. morphemeD. Stem12. The word __B___ contain an inflectional affix.A. workerB. happierC. formalD. enrichII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions given in the course book.1.A __word___ is not the smallest unit because many words can be separated into even smaller meaningful units.2.A _morpheme___ is considered to be the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.3.The plural morpheme has a number of ___allomorphs_________ in different sound context.4.There is no ____free/inflectional______________ morpheme in the word “dictation”.5.Free morphemes and free __roots______are identical.6.Affixes added to other morphemes to create new words are called __derivational___ affixes.7.The word “internationalists” has __five_______ morphemes.8.According to the __functions_________ of affixes, we can put them into two groups: inflectional and derivational affixes.9.The regular plural suffix –s/-es is an ____inflectional_____________ affix.10.Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and _affix____.11.Almost all affixes are _bound____ morphemes.12.Most morphemes are realized by single _morphs____.III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1.Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound. (T)2.Inflectional morphemes indicate grammatical relationships.(T)3.A stem is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed. (F)4. The morphemes which are realized by only one morph are called allomorphs. (F)5. Free morphemes can be used as words alone.(T)6. What remains of a word after the removal of all affixes is a stem. (F)7. A word is the minimal meaningful unit of a language. (F)8. The word “prisoners” has two morphemes. (F)9. There is an inflectional morpheme in the word “easier”. (T)10. Free morphemes are also known as free roots. (T)IV. Answer the following questions.1.What are the differences between a bound morpheme and a bound root?Bound morphemes which cannot occur as separate words include two types: bound root and affix. A bound morpheme may be either a bound root or an affix. Bound roots, only one type of bound morphemes, are included in bound morphemes.2.What are the differences between a root and a stem?A root and a stem are not the same. A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analysed. A stem may consist of a single root or two roots or a root plus one or more affixes.Therefore a stem can be a root or a form bigger than a root.V. Analyze and comment on the following.1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words.2.Point out the types of morphemes.prediction, strawberries, encouragement(1)Each of the three words consists of three morphemes: prediction ( pre + dict + ion ), strawberries ( straw + berry + es ), encouragement ( en + courage + ment ).(2)“Straw”, “berry” and “courage” are all free morphemes as they can stand alone as words.(3) Of the nine morphemes, all the rest pre-, -dict-, -ion, -es, en- and –ment are bound morphemes as they cannot stand alone as words. Of the six bound morphemes, pre-, -ion, en- and –ment are derivational morphemes and –es is an inflectional morpheme, while –dict- is a bound root.2.Analyze the morphological structures of the following words in terms of free morphemes and bound morphemes, then explain the differences between the two kinds of morphemes.luckily, reminded, teachers(1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes: luckily ( luck + y + ly), reminded ( re + mind + ed), teachers ( teach + er + s)(2)“Luck”, “mind” and “teach” are free morphemes; re-, -ed, -y, -ly, -er and –s are bound morphemes. And of the six bound morphemes, -ed and –s are inflectional morphemes and the other four are derivational morphemes.(3)Free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can stand alone as words. Bound morphemes cannot occur as separate words. They must be bound to other morphemes to form words.练习四1. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on __A___.A word-formation B. compounding C. prefixation D. Suffixation2. Words created by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems are called __A___.A. derivativesB. CompoundsC. acronymsD. blends3. The chief function of suffixation is to change __D___.A. the meaning of the stemB. the meaning of the rootC. the lexical meaningD. the word-class of the stem4. The overwhelming majority of blends are _B____.A. adjectivesB. nounsC. adverbsD. Verbs5.The chief function of prefixation is to change __C___.A. the grammatical functionB. the word-class of the stemC. the meaning of the stem D the part of speech6. The “mis-” in “mistrust” is __D___.A.a negative prefixB. a locative prefixC. a reversative prefixD. a pejorative prefix7.The meanings of “economic” and “economical” are _B____.A. identicalB. DifferentC. nearly identicalD. Similar8. Compounds differ from free phrases in _D____.A. phonetic featuresB. semantic featuresC. grammatical featuresD. all the above9.The word “survival” is created by adding _ A____ to the stem.A. a noun suffixB. an adjective suffixC. a verb suffixD. an adverb suffix10. Most compounds consist of only ___A_____ stems.A. TwoB. threeC. fourD. Five11. The word ___C________ is a verb compound.A. CrybabyB. deaf-muteC. lip-readD. hard-won12.In __C___ compounds, the adjective element cannot take inflectional suffixes.A. adjective-verbB. verb-adjectiveC. adjective-nounD. noun-adjective13.The conversion of two syllable nouns into verbs involves a change of __B___.A. spellingB. stressC. functionD. pronunciation14. The most productive conversion is the conversion that takes place between __D___.A. verbs and adjectivesB. adjectives and verbsC. nouns and adjectivesD. nouns and verbs15. The word ___B__ is a front clipping.A. MemoB. scopeC. fanD. pop16. The word “zoo” is a __A___ clipping.A. phraseB. frontC. backD. front and back17. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _C____.conversion B. compounding C. suffixation D. prefixation18.__A___ are words pronounced letter by letter, and _____ are words pronounced as a normal word.A.Initialisms, acronymsB. Acronyms, initialismsC. Acronyms, blendsD. Blends, initialisms19. Compounds can be written _D____.A.openB. HyphenatedC. solidD. all the above20. Words formed by initialism can be divided into acronyms and alphabetism depending on the ___B__ of the word.A.spellingB. pronunciationC. functionD. meaning1.We can classify prefixes on a __semantic____ basis into nine groups.2.Affixation, also known as __derivation , is one of the most productive means of word-formation.3.According to the positions which _affixes_ occupy in words, affixation falls into two subclasses: prefixation and suffixation.4.The primary function of __suffixes___ is to change the grammatical function of stems.5.Prefixes mainly change the __meanings____ of stems.6.he prefix “fore-” in “forehead” is known as a __locative____ prefix.7. We can group suffixes on a __grammatical_____ basis into noun suffixes, verb suffixes, adjective suffixes, etc.8. In compounds the word stress usually occurs on the __first___ element.pounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more __stem____.10.Conversion is also known as _functional_ shift.11.The words created by conversion are new only in a __grammatical___ sense.12.Blending is the formation of a new word by combining __parts____ of two words or a word plus a part of another word.13.Blends are still considered by serious-minded people to be slang and __informal____.14. Back-formation is the method of creating words by removing the __supposed________suffixes.15._________ is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.1.Most of the prefixes change the word classes of stems. (F)2. The prefix “dis-” in “disloyal” is a reversative prefix. (F)3.The word “booklet” is a denominal noun.(T)4.The suffix “-wise” in “clockwise” is a noun suffix.(F)5.A compound tends to play a single grammatical role in a sentence. (T)6. The conversion between nouns and verbs may involve a change of stress.(T)7. Compounding is one of the most productive ways of word-formation. (T)8. The word “blueprint” is a verb compound.(F)9.A noun fully converted from an adjective has all the characteristics of nouns. (T)10. The word “workfare” is formed by compounding. (F)11.“CEO” is regarded as an acronym. (F)12.Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of prefixation. (F)13.Words created through back-formation are mostly verbs. (T)14.Back-formed words are largely formal in style. (F)15.The word “sandwich” comes from the name of a place. (F)1.What is the main difference between prefixes and suffixes?答Prefixes do not generally change the word classes of stems. In other words, most of the prefixes are characterized by their non-class-change nature. Their chief function is to change the meanings of stems. Unlike prefixes, suffixes have only a small semantic role, their primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems.2.What are the three main features of compounds?Compounds have the following three main features: phonetic features, semantic features and grammatical features. The word stress of a compound usually occurs on the first element if there is only one stress. In cases of two stresses, the compound has the primary stress on the first element and the secondary stress, if any, on the second. Semantically, every compound should express a single idea just as one word. Grammatically, a compound tends to play a single grammatical role in a sentence.3.What is conversion? What are its characteristics?Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.These words are new only in a grammatical sense. Since the words do not change in morphological structure but in function, this process is also known as functional shift. Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives, and verbs.4.What is blending? What are the four major groups of blends?Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.As far as the structure is concerned, blends fall into four major groups: head + tail, head + head, head + word and word + tail.5. What is back-formation? What are the characteristics of back-formation?Back-formation, the opposite process of suffixation, is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.Words created through back-formation are mostly verbs.There are only a few that can be used as nouns or as both nouns and verbs.Back-formed words are largely informal in style and some of them have not gained public acceptance.6.What is the difference between partial conversion and full conversion?If the nouns converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does and they must be used together with definite articles, the conversion is partial conversion.If the nouns converted from adjectives have all the characteristics of nouns, the conversion is full conversion.7.What is acronymy? What is the difference between initialisms and acronyms?Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending on the pronunciation of the words.Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter, but acronyms formed from initial letters are pronounced as normal words.8.What is clipping? What are the four common types of clipping?Clipping is the formation of new words by cutting a part off the original.There are four common types of clipping: front clipping, back clipping, front and back clipping, and phrase clipping.V. Analyze and comment on the following.1.. She decided to winter in Australia.In the above sentence, which word is a converted one? Explain the type of conversion and its effect.1）In the above sentence, “winter” is a conver ted word.2) The verb “winter” is converted from a noun.3) The conversion is economical and vivid.2.Find the blends in the following sentence and explain which types they belong to.The lunarnaut stayed in that motel for two days.1）In the above sentence, lunarnaut and motel are blends.1）The word “lunarnaut” from (lunar + astronaut) is a word + tail blend, and the word “motel” from (motor + hotel) is a head + tail blend.3. Explain the types of the following two converted nouns. If you find anything wrong, please explain the reasons and correct the mistake.the necessary a wounded1) There are two kinds of conversion from adjectives to nouns: full conversion and partial conversion.2) The word “necessary”, when converted from an adjective to a noun, has all the characteristics of noun, so the conversion is full. Its plural form is necessaries.3) The word “wounded”, when converted from an adjective to a noun, does not possess all the qualities a noun does and it must be used together with a definite article, so the conversion is partial. The expression “a wounded” should be corrected as “the wounded”.练习五。
2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案1
2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案一、单项选择题1、The definition of a word comprises the following points EXCEPT __（）A.sound unityB.minimal free form of a languageC.unit of meaningD.form that cannot function alone in a sentence2、"Dog" is the father of "doglike", "doghood", "dogsleep", etA.This example shows that words of the basic stock have the characteristic of __（）B.stabilityC.polysemyD.productivityE.ollocability3、Which of the following groups consists of both content words and functional words（）A.rise, five, fun, waterB.ten, but, red, ofC.of, is, in, theD.wind, sun, go, bright4、In Middle English vocabulary, we can find words relating to every aspect of human society, e. g. government, law, food, fashion and so on. Which of the following words does NOT belong to them（）A.logB.aconC.JudgeD.Power5、Which of the following statements is NOT true（）A.nglish is more closely related to German than FrenchB.Old English was a slightly inflected languageC.Old English was a language of full endingsD.Middle English was a language of leveled endings6、In the early Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and Roman classics. This is known in history as __（）A.IndustrializationB.lizabethan AgeC.RenaissanceD.Victorian Age7、The word "denaturalization" can be broken down into "de-", "nature", "-al", "-ize", "-anon", each having meaning of its own. These minimal meaningful units are known as __（）A.morphemesB.llomorphsC.rootD.stem8、Which of the following is the root of the word "internationalists"（）A.interB.nationC.-istD.-al9、Which of the following words is an example of free morphemes （）A.TriedB.eetC.WorkerD.nger10、Which of the following statements is NOT true（）A.Prefixation is the formation of new words by addingsuffixes to stemsB.Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stemC.Prefixes only modify the meaning of the stemD.Present-day English finds an increasing number of class-changing prefixes11、Among the following words, __contains a prefix of time and order（）A.x-wifeB.vice-chairmanC.oreheadD.maltreat12、"A green hand" means an "inexperienced person", not a hand that is green in color. In this sense, we can judge that "a green hand" is a __（）A.morphemeB.proverbC.ompoundD.ree phrase13、The following words are onomatopoetically motivated words EXCEPT __（）A.angB.miniskirtD.hiss14、When we say the "mouth" of a river, we associate the opening part of the river with the mouth of a human being or an animal. In this sense, the word "mouth" conveys __（）A.onomatopoeic motivationB.morphological motivationC.semantic motivationD.tymological motivation15、"Black" is a kind of color but its meaning is obviously affected when it occurs in such phrases as "black coffee", "black market", etc.This example demonstrates __（）A.grammatical meaning of a word becomes important only when it is used in actual contextB.ffective meaning varies from individual to individual, from culture to cultureC.stylistic difference is especially true of synonymsD.ollocation can affect the meaning of words16、"The front of the head" is the __meaning of the word "face （）A.erivedB.primaryD.secondary17、Homonyms are generally words different in __（）A.soundB.spellingC.ormD.meaning18、__share a likeness in denotation as well as in part of speech（）A.SynonymsB.ntonymsC.HomonymsD.Hyponyms19、Word-meaning changes by the following modes EXCEPT __（）A.xtensionB.upgradationC.specializationD.transfer20、The word "meat", which originally meant "food", but now has come to mean "flesh of animals", is an example to illustrate __of meaning（）A.generalizationB.narrowingC.egradationD.levation21、The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance is called __of meaning（）A.xtensionB.narrowingC.transferD.levation22、In __context the meaning of the word is often affected and defined by the neighbouring words（）A.xtra-linguisticB.non-linguisticC.lexicalD.grammatical23、__gives rise to ambiguity in the sentence "I like Mary better than Jean（）A.PolysemyB.HomonymyC.Non-linguistic contextD.Grammatical structure24、What kind of context clue is used in the sentence "Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Bird Whistell"（）A.xplanationB.efinitionC.xampleD.Synonymy25、"Diamond cut diamond" is an idiom, which reflects __（）A.the constituents of idioms can‘t be replacedB.the word order can‘t be invertedC.the constituents of an idiom can‘t be deletedD.many idioms are grammatically unanalysable26、"Jack of all trades" is an idiom __in nature（）A.verbalB.nominalC.djectivalD.dverbial27、"Turn on" and "turn off" are antonymous idioms, resulting from __（）A.replacementB.dditionC.shorteningD.position-shifting28、__dictionaries involve the most complete description of words available to us（）A.UnabridgedB.eskC.PocketD.Linguistic29、Collins COBUILD English Usage （1992）is a（n）__dictionary（）A.unabridgedB.ncyclopedicC.ilingualD.specialized30、You can find the real English equivalents to some Chinese items in __（）A.hinese-English Dictionary （Revised Edition）（1995）B.Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English with Chinese TranslationC.New English-Chinese DictionaryD.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with ChineseTranslation二、填空题题1、The English vocabulary can be classified by different criteria and for different purposes. Words may fall into content words and functional words by __2、The world has approximately 3000 （some put it 5000）languages, which can be grouped into roughly 300 language families and on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and __3、Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be __4、According to the __which affixes occupy in words, affixation falls into prefixation and suffixation5、Conceptual meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the __of word-meaning6、From the diachronic point of view, __is assumed to be the result of growth and development of the semantic structure of one and same word7、The word "picture" originally denoted only "painting", but now has come to include "drawings" and even "photographs". This is an example to illustrate __8、Linguistic context can be subdivided into lexical contextand __context9、Idioms each are a semantic __，though each consists of more than one word10、Encyclopedic dictionaries can be further divided into __and encyclopedic dictionaries三、名词解释题1、neologisms2、stem3、reference4、degradation5、true idioms四、简答题1、leorn-ian-Tern-en->learn The above is the development of the word "learn" from Old English through Modern English to Middle English. What can be concluded from the above example from the viewpoint of development of English vocabulary2、What is affixation3、Tell the difference between perfect homonyms and polysemants so far as semantic relatedness is concerned4、Guess the meaning of the underlined word in the following sentence and tell what context clue is used. Indian artists were more active in the quattrocento than in the sixteenth centurywhich followed五、论述题1、Explain full conversion and partial conversion by taking "drinkables" and 查看答案【二、填空题题】1notion2grammar3free4position5core6~10点击下载查看答案【三、名词解释题】1neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.2a stem can be defined as a form to which affixes of any kind can be added．3Reference is the relationship between language and the world，In other words on1y when a connection has been established between the linguistic sign and a referent, i. e. an object, aphenomenon, a person, etc. does the sign become meaningful4Degradation or peroration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense.5Idioms consist of set phrases and short sentences, which are peculiar to the language in question and loaded with the native cultures and ideas. The true idioms of a language share three common features that differentiate them from plain andsimple collocations: (1) They are not compositional, (2) Their words are not substitutable, and (3) They are not modifiable. 【四、简答题】1In modern English, word ending were mostly lost with just a few exceptions .It can be concluded that English has evolved from a synthetic language(Old English)to the present analytic language.本题考查其次章印欧语系词汇变化的相关内容2Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. This process is also known as derivation, for new words created in this way are derived from old forms.本题考查第四章英语构成词缀法的概念的理解3The fundamental difference between homonyms and polysemants lies in the fact that the former refers to different words which happen to share the same form and the latter is the one and same word which has several distinguishable meanings。
学历类《自考》自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试试题及答案解析
学历类《自考》自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试试题及答案解析姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________l A、blamedforB、blamedtoC、blamedonD、blamedat正确答案：C答案解析：此题考查固定词组blamesth.onsb.把...怪到...头上。
3、Police are ________ the disappearance of two children.A、lookingupB、lookingthroughC、lookingintoD、lookingon正确答案：C答案解析：A(在书中)查找B仔细查阅，审查，(对某人)视而不见C调查，研究，查问D.观看，旁观，看待4、Each of us should _______ aside a few minutes to have a rest every day.A、pushB、provideC、turnD、set正确答案：D答案解析：setaside：留出，拨出。
是固定搭配。
5、We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.A、datedB、datingC、comingD、kept正确答案：B答案解析：本句中含有be+of+n.这个结构。
datingbacktothe16thcentury的逻辑主语是stonefigure。
6、Perseverance is a kind of quality and that is _______ it takes to do anything well.A、whatB、thatC、whichD、why正确答案：A答案解析：what在表语从句中作takes的宾语,构成”Ittakessth.todosth.”的句型。
词汇学试题答案
词汇学试题答案一、选择题1. 词汇学是研究什么的学科？A. 语言的发音规则B. 语言的词义变化C. 语言的句法结构D. 语言的词汇组成及其变化答案：D2. 下列哪个选项不是词汇学研究的范畴？A. 新词的产生B. 词义的演变C. 语言的修辞手法D. 词汇的借用答案：C3. “同义词”和“反义词”在词汇学中的关系是：A. 同义关系B. 对立关系C. 互补关系D. 包含关系答案：B4. 在汉语中，“苹果”和“iPhone”这两个词之间的关系最接近于：A. 一般与特殊B. 全体与部分C. 具体与抽象D. 同义与异义答案：A5. 词汇的多义性是指：A. 一个词只有一个含义B. 一个词有两个或以上的含义C. 一个词的含义随着语境变化D. 一个词的含义完全由字典定义答案：B二、填空题1. 词汇学的研究可以帮助我们更好地理解和掌握________的构成及其发展变化。
答案：语言2. 在词汇学中，________是指一个词汇在不同语境中可以表达不同的含义。
答案：词义的多样性3. 词汇的________是指词汇在语言发展过程中的增加、减少或形式的变化。
答案：演变4. “书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟”这句话中的“书山”和“学海”是________的运用。
答案：比喻5. 一个词的不同含义之间存在着某种联系，这种联系称为词义的________。
答案：关联三、简答题1. 请简述词汇学在语言学习和教学中的作用。
词汇学为语言学习者提供了一个系统的理论框架，帮助他们理解词汇的构成、词义的变化以及词汇在语境中的使用。
在教学中，教师可以利用词汇学的研究成果，设计更加有效的教学方法，如通过词根词缀的学习来扩展词汇量，或者通过词义的辨析来提高学生的语言理解能力。
此外，词汇学还可以帮助教师识别和解释学习者在词汇使用中可能出现的错误，从而更好地指导学习。
2. 举例说明词汇的借用现象。
词汇的借用是指一种语言从另一种语言中引入词汇，这些词汇可能是完全借用，也可能是经过一定程度的改造。
英语词汇学试题及答案
英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学研究的主要对象是什么？A. 语法结构B. 词汇构成C. 语音系统D. 语义关系2. 下列哪个词属于复合词？A. happyB. unicycleC. bicycleD. unhappy3. 词根是指什么？A. 单词的前缀B. 单词的后缀C. 单词的基本部分D. 单词的派生部分4. 词汇的同源词是指什么？A. 意义相近的词B. 形式相似的词C. 来源相同的词D. 功能相同的词5. 词汇的语义变化通常被称为什么？A. 词汇演变B. 词汇扩展C. 词汇借用D. 词汇创新二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）6. 英语中的词缀分为________和后缀。
7. 英语词汇的构成方式之一是________，例如：class + room = classroom。
8. 英语中的合成词是由两个或两个以上自由词组合而成的，如________。
9. 英语中，一个词的意义可能随着时间而发生变化，这种现象称为________。
10. 英语词汇学中的“词义扩展”是指一个词的意义范围________。
三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述英语词汇的来源有哪些？12. 解释什么是词汇的同化现象，并给出一个例子。
13. 描述词汇的语义变化有哪些类型？四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）14. 论述英语词汇学在语言教学中的应用。
15. 分析英语词汇中的借词现象及其对英语发展的影响。
参考答案一、选择题1. B2. B3. C4. C5. A二、填空题6. 前缀7. 合成8. blackboard9. 语义演变10. 扩大或缩小三、简答题11. 英语词汇的来源包括：古英语、拉丁语、法语、希腊语、德语等。
12. 词汇的同化现象是指外来词在借用到另一种语言中时，为了适应新语言的发音规则而发生的改变。
例如，英语中的“sushi”在一些非英语国家可能会被读作“苏西”以适应当地语言的发音习惯。
英语词汇学试题及答案
英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "breakfast" is derived from:A. LatinB. Old EnglishC. GreekD. French答案：B2. Which of the following words is a compound word?A. TelephoneB. BicycleC. ComputerD. All of the above答案：D3. The word "kindergarten" is borrowed from:A. GermanB. ItalianC. SpanishD. French答案：A4. Which of the following is an example of a back-formation?A. EditB. TypewriteC. CatalogD. Interview答案：A5. The term "morpheme" refers to:A. A wordB. A syllableC. A meaningful unit of languageD. A sound答案：C6. The word "mouse" can be analyzed as:A. A single morphemeB. A compound wordC. A prefix and a rootD. A root and a suffix答案：A7. Which of the following words is a blend?A. MotelB. BrunchC. InfomercialD. All of the above答案：D8. The process of adding a suffix to a root to form a new word is called:A. DerivationB. InflectionC. ConversionD. Blending答案：A9. The word "unbelievable" is formed by:A. PrefixationB. SuffixationC. ConversionD. Blending答案：A10. The word "run" can have several meanings, which is an example of:A. HomonymyB. PolysemyC. SynonymyD. Antonymy答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The process of changing a word's form to express tense, mood, or number is called ________.答案：inflection2. A word that has the same spelling and pronunciation but different meanings is called a ________.答案：homograph3. The smallest unit of meaning in a language is known as a ________.答案：morpheme4. A word that is formed by combining two or more words is called a ________.答案：compound5. A word that is formed by adding a prefix to a root is called a ________.答案：prefixed word6. The study of the history of words and the way they change over time is known as ________.答案：etymology7. A word that is formed by adding a suffix to a root is called a ________.答案：suffixed word8. The process of creating a new word by shortening an existing word is called ________.答案：clipping9. A word that is formed by combining parts of two or more words is called a ________.答案：blend10. The process of creating a new word by changing the form of an existing word is called ________.答案：conversion三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a prefix and a suffix.答案：A prefix is an affix that is added to the beginning of a root to form a new word with a different meaning, such as "un-" in "unbelievable". A suffix is an affix that is added to the end of a root to form a new word, often changing thepart of speech or adding a specific meaning, such as "-ness"in "happiness".2. What is the role of a morpheme in the structure of a word? 答案：A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language, and it can be a word by itself or part of a word.It can be a root, which carries the core meaning, or an affix, which modifies the meaning or function of the root.3. Describe the process of word formation through blending.答案：Word formation through blending involves combiningparts of two or more words to create a new word. This process results in a word that is shorter and often more convenientto use, such as "brunch" from "breakfast" and "lunch".。
词汇学语言考试题及答案
词汇学语言考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的系统、结构和变化规律的学科，它属于：A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 词汇学D. 语义学答案：C2. 下列哪个选项不是词汇学研究的内容？A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的分类C. 词汇的演变D. 语音的发音答案：D3. 词汇学中，词根是指：A. 词的基本意义单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的语法单位答案：A4. 以下哪个词是由两个词根组成的？A. 苹果B. 汽车C. 电脑D. 葡萄答案：B5. 词汇学中的“同义词”指的是：A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 意义相反的词D. 意义完全不同的词答案：B6. 在词汇学中，“反义词”是指：A. 意义相近的词B. 意义相反的词C. 意义相同的词D. 意义不相关的词答案：B7. “词汇化”是指：A. 词汇的创造过程B. 词汇的消失过程C. 词汇的演变过程D. 词汇的分类过程答案：A8. 词汇学中的“语义场”是指：A. 词的发音范围B. 词的书写范围C. 词的意义范围D. 词的使用范围答案：C9. 词汇学中，“多义词”是指：A. 只有一个意义的词B. 有两个或两个以上意义的词C. 没有意义或意义不明确的词D. 意义完全相反的词答案：B10. 词汇学中的“同音词”是指：A. 发音相同的词B. 意义相同的词C. 书写相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 词汇学中的“词缀”是指附着在词根上，用来构成新词的________。
答案：语素12. “派生”是指通过添加________来创造新词的过程。
答案：词缀13. “合成”是指通过合并________来创造新词的过程。
答案：词根14. “词汇变化”包括词义的________、________和________。
答案：扩大、缩小、转移15. “词汇的语义变化”是指词义的________、________和________。
自考英语词汇学试题及答案
自考英语词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "anonymous" is derived from which language?A. LatinB. GreekC. FrenchD. German答案：B. Greek2. Which of the following is an example of a compound word?A. BlackboardB. BreakdownC. ClassroomD. Both A and C答案：D. Both A and C3. The term "morpheme" refers to the smallest meaningful unit in a language. What is its role in vocabulary?A. It forms the basis of all words.B. It is used for grammatical purposes.C. It is a type of prefix or suffix.D. It is a collection of synonyms.答案：A. It forms the basis of all words.4. What is the process called when a word changes its meaningover time?A. Semantic shiftB. SynonymyC. PolysemyD. Homonymy答案：A. Semantic shift5. Which of the following is a false friend in English and Spanish?A. ActualB. CurrentC. ActualmenteD. Fact答案：C. Actualmente6. The word "serendipity" is an example of a ________ word.A. BorrowedB. NeologismC. CognateD. Archaic答案：A. Borrowed7. What is the meaning of the prefix "un-" in the word "unhappy"?A. NotB. OneC. UpD. Out答案：A. Not8. Which of the following words is a back-formation?A. EditB. TypewriteC. InventD. Hostage答案：B. Typewrite9. The term "collocation" refers to the way in which words are often found together in a language. Which of the following is an example of collocation?A. "Strong coffee"B. "Big mouse"C. "Tall mountain"D. "Long sleep"答案：A. "Strong coffee"10. Which of the following is an example of a phrasal verb?A. "To look"B. "To come"C. "To look up"D. "To come up"答案：D. "To come up"二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. The root of the word "biology" is ________, which meanslife.答案：bio-12. An idiom is a type of ________ expression that is often metaphorical.答案：fixed13. The word "avocado" is a(n) ________ noun because it ends with an "o" but is not singular.答案：plural14. The process of creating new words by combining existing words is known as ________.答案：compounding15. A word that has more than one meaning is said to exhibit ________.答案：polysemy16. The term "etymology" refers to the ________ of a word, including its origin and historical development.答案：history17. In English, the word "mouse" can be both a noun and a verb, which is an example of ________.答案：conversion18. The phrase "kick the bucket" is an example of a(n)________ idiom.答案：idiomatic19. A word that is spelled but not pronounced is known as a(n) ________ letter.答案：silent20. The word "geography" is derived from the Greek words "geo" meaning earth and "graphia" meaning ________.答案：writing or description三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）21. Explain the difference between a homograph and a homophone.答案：A homograph is a word that is spelled the same as another word but has a different meaning and may have a different pronunciation. For example, "lead" can mean toguide or the metal. A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but has a different meaning and is usually spelled differently. For example, "their," "there," and "they're" are homophones.22. What is the role of context in determining the meaning ofa word?答案：Context plays a crucial role in determining the meaning of a word because it provides clues about thesituation in which the word is used. It helps to disambiguate。
2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案
2022年自考专业(英语)英语词汇学考试真题及答案一、单项选择题每小题1分，共30小题1、Which of the following is NOT true about sound and meaning （）A.The relationship between them is conventionalB.The symbolic connection between them is almost always arbitraryC.In different languages the same concept can be represented by the same soundsD.There is no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself2、The verb take, which belongs to the basic word stock, may mean: to carry from one place to another; to get for oneself; to be willing to accept, etc. This example shows basic word stock is characterized by__（）A.stabilityB.productivityC.polysemyD.collocability3、The English expression long time no see is from the Chinese expression好久不见,so it can be classified into __ according to the manner of borrowing（）A.denizensB.liensC.semantic-loansD.translation-loans4、After the Romans, the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes came and dominated England. Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as__ English（）A.OldB.NewC.MiddleD.Modern5、Which of the following is NOT true（）A.Old English was a highly inflected languageB.English is more closely related to German than FrenchC.Modern English is considered to be an analytic languageD.In early Middle English period, English, Latin, and Celtic existed side by side6、There are such new words as open heart surgery, and spaceshuttle in Modern English. These words show__（）A.the invasion of foreign countriesB.social, economic and political changesC.the influence of other cultures and languagesD.the rapid development of modern science and technology7、Which of the following words is the example of free morphemes（）A.carsB.virusC.teacherD.happier8、The basic form of a word which CANNOT be further analyzed without total loss of identity is a__（）A.prefixB.suffixC.rootD.bound morpheme9、There is/are__ monomorphemic word（s） in the following words: desire, bossy, bird, feet, southward（）A.1B.2C.3D.410、Which of the following words has a prefix of attitude （）A.misconductB.unwrapC.anti-nuclearD.mini-election11、Examination has given way to its shortened form exam. This is the example of__ in word formation（）A.clippingB.acronymypoundingD.conversion12、The following suffixes come at the end of noun stems to form abstract nouns EXCEPT__（）A.-domB.-ageC.-shipD.-eer13、In word meaning, the relationship between language and the world is__by means of which, a speaker indicates which things in the world are being talked about（）A.referenceB.conceptC.senseD.motivation14、In modern English some words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises, and the sounds suggest their meanings, like hiss, cuckoo, and buzz. These words are __motivated（）A.onomatopoeicallyB.morphologicallyC.semanticallyD.ctymologically15、Mother, denoting a "female parent", is often associated with "love", "care", etc. This example shows that words have__ meaning（）A.affectiveB.stylisticC.connotativeD.collocative16、The words right, write and rite are__（）A.homophonesB.homographsC.perfect homonymsD.perfect synonyms17、Which of the following pairs of synonyms comes from the source of figurative and euphemistic use of words（）A.help—lend one a handB.wise—sageC.lie—distort the factD.job—gig18、The following words make up the semantic field of fruits EXCEPT__（）A.apricotB.celeryC.ateD.avocado19、Some phrases containing material nouns are shortened and only the material nouns are left to refer to objects made of them, for example silver now used for " silver dollar". This is a process of__ of meaning（）A.generalizationB.specializationC.elevationD.degradation20、Which of the following shows degradation of word meaning （）A.meat meaning from "food" to "flesh of animalsB.angel meaning from" messenger" to" messenger of GodC.butcher meaning from "one who kills goats" to "one who kills animalsD.villain meaning from "a person who worked in a villa" "an evil or wicked person21、Which of the following shows that the influx of borrowings has caused some words to change in meaning（）A.Bulb is used for "light bulbB.The meaning of the word fortuitous changed from "accidental" to "fortunateC.The word pig is used for live animals while pork from French is used for pigs killed and brought to the tableD.Words like democracy, human rights, revolution have different meanings in different societies22、The following factors may lead to ambiguity EXCEPT__（）A.polysemyB.homonymyC.grammatical structureD.word class23、The word paper means differently in the phrases a sheet of paper and today‘s paper, which shows that __context affects the meaning of words（）A.non-linguisticB.grammaticalC.lexicalD.social24、What context clue is used in the sentence Copernicus believed in a heliocentric universe, rather than in the geocentric theory（）A.Sentence patternB.Word structureC.AntonymyD.Hyponymy25、The expression in question meaning "being considered" CANNOT be turned into in the question. This example indicates__（）A.the constituents of idioms cannot be replacedB.the word order cannot be inverted or changedC.the various words that make up the idioms have lost their individual identityD.the constituents of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to, not even an article26、Which of the following is an idiom adjectival in nature （）A.Jack of all tradesB.beyond the paleC.follow one‘s noseD.make it27、Alliteration is used in the following idioms EXCEPT__（）A.wear and tearB.might and mainC.rough and readyD.toss and turn28、One can find the definition of the headword wind and additional knowledge about winds such as types and names of winds, their velocity, force, etc. in a（n） __ dictionary （）A.linguisticB.encyclopedicC.unabridgedD.pocket29、The main body of a dictionary is its__ of words（）A.spellingB.pronunciationC.definitionage30、The definition of aide is "An aide is person who works as an assistant to someone with an important job, especially in government or armed forces". Such a definition is most likely to be found in__（）A.Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English（1987）B.Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary（1987）C.Chinese-English Dictionary（1995）D.Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English（1975）二、简答题每小题5分，共4小题1、What is a free morpheme2、Form compounds by using the following elements （each one can be used only once）: cry-; sit-; law-; out-;bitter--in;-sweet; -break;-baby; -abiding3、What is radiation in the sense of development of word-meaning4、Explain what leads to ambiguity in the sentence He is a hard businessman三、论述题每小题10分，共2小题1、What is stylistic meaning of word Use domicile, residence, abode, and home to illustrate the stylistic difference of synonyms2、Comment on the characteristics of antonyms by illustrating the following pair of sentences. （1）How tall is his brother （2）How short is his brother四、填空题每小题1.5分，共10小题1、A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given__ and meaning and syntactic function2、Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semantic change, and__3、The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is__4、I promised to babysit for my neighbor this weekend. In the sense of word formation, the underlined word babysit is formed by__5、Semantic motivation refers to the__ associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word6、Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. Take flower and rose as an example. Flower is the__ term while rose is the subordinate term7、Barn was once "a place for storing only barley", but now means "storeroom". This is an example of __of meaning8、The word become means differently in the structures "become adj." and "become +of. " This shows that __context may affect the meaning of words9、Unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent __, for instance, by twos and threes cannot be turned into by threes and twos10、The headword or entries are defined and illustrated in the __ language in monolingual dictionaries五、名词解释题每小题3分，共5小题1、terminology2、compounding3、homonyms4、linguistic context （in a narrow sense）5、phrasal verbs参考答案：【一、单项选择题】1~5CCDAD6~10DBCBC11~30点击下载查看答案【二、简答题】1Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes areconsidered to be free. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences.21) crybaby;2) sit-in;3) law-abiding;4) outbreak;5) bitter-sweet3Radiation is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rays. The meanings are independent of one another.4The word hard in this context can mean both 查看答案【五、名词解释题】1Terminology consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.2Compounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.3Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling.4In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears. This is known as linguistic context.5Phrasal verbs are idioms which are composed of a verb plus a prep. and/ or a particle.。
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英语专业词汇学考试试题第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket （30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]A. lewd →ignorantB. silly →foolishC. last →pleasureD. knave →boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning.This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）11. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.12. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.13. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.14. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.15. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms（10％）A B16. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish17. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl18. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated19. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state20. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respondIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.（10％）21. heart and soul ( )22. father—male parent ( )23. mother—female parent ( )24. city-bred ( )25. lip-reading to lip-read ( ) V. Define the following terms（10％）26. specialized dictionary27. collocative meaning28. transfer29. morpheme30. old English英语词汇学试题参考答案第一部分选择题I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. B2. D3. A4. B5. A6. D7. B8. D9. D 10. B第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (10%)11. stylistic 12.monolingual 13.semantic opposition14. degradation 或pejoration 15.productivity and collocabilityIII. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4) features of idioms. (10%)16. I 17. C 18. F 19. B 20. EIV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined;2) types of word formation；3）types of meaning and 4) types of meaning of idioms.(10%)21. adverb idiom/ idiom adverbial in nature22. conceptual meaning 23. conceptual meaning24. n+v-ed 25. backformationV. Define the following terms.(10%)26. Specialized dictionary refers to a dictionary which concentrates on a particular area of language or knowledge. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)27. Collocative meaning is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. (内容1.5分；语言0.5分)28. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.29. the minimal meaningful unit of a language.30. the language used in England from 450 to 1150.。