首都经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题及解析
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题,完整版考研真题
2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研招生目录，考研参考书，历年真题笔记贸大英语翻译基础书目推荐1、庄绎传，《英汉翻译简明教程》。
北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002。
2、叶子南，《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》。
北京：清华大学出版社，2001。
3、中国日报（China Daily）：英语点睛：新词新译4、王恩冕，《大学英汉翻译教程》，对外经济贸易大学出版社，第三版，2010。
5、金融时报官方网站：双语时评。
6、网站：/7、外贸、金融、经济学、世贸组织等英语专业术语。
8、张曦，《口语与口译300题》，上海交通大学出版社。
9、金焕荣，《商务英语翻译》，苏州大学出版社。
10、赵军锋，《商务英语口译》，高等教育出版社，2009.11、2015年度国家领导人出席的国际会议：演讲稿中英对照。
12、三笔、二笔相应题材的文章。
百科知识和汉语写作书目推荐1、卢晓江.《自然科学史十二讲》.中国轻工业出版社（2007）（矿大）2、叶朗.《中国文化读本》.北京：外语教学与研究出版社（2008）3、杨月蓉.《实用汉语语法与修辞》.重庆：西南师范大学出版社（1999）（北大）4、金元浦.《中国文化概论》.北京：中国人民大学出版社（2007）5、庄锡昌.《西方文化史》.北京：高等教育出版社（2011）6、林青松.《中国文学与中国文化知识应试指南》.南京：东南大学出版社（2005）7、张元忠.张东风.《经济应用文写作与评析》.武汉：华中科技大学出版社（2008）9、俞纪东.《经济写作》.上海：上海财经大学出版社10、张文.《外贸文秘写作全书》.中华工商联合出版社11、郑孝敏.《商务应用文》.东北财经大学出版社12、柯琳娟.《公司（企业）常用文书写作格式与范本》.企业管理出版社13、邵龙青.《财经应用写作》.东北财经大学出版社14、伟业管理咨询公司编著.《商务文书模板速查手册》.中国言实出版社（贸大）15、李玉珊.《商务文案写作》.高等教育出版社16、岳海翔.《商务文书写作要领与范文》.中国言实出版社17、岳海翔.《企划文书写作要领与范文》.中国言实出版社18、程裕祯.《中国文化要略》.外语教学与研究出版社19、朱维之，《外国文学史》（欧美卷），南开大学出版社。
2015年首都经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题,考研经验,模拟测试
例3 原文：改革开放以来，成都已建设得更加雄伟壮丽了，现代化的高楼大厦林立，城内外 遍地鲜花。 译文：
例4 原文：中日两国是近邻，只隔一衣带水，我们两国的关系已有一千多年的历史。 译文：
（二） 合句法 例5
资料来源：育明考研考博官网
原文：王先生心里有事，急促地走着。可是，满街光怪陆离的景色，不断地闯进他的眼 帘。 译文：
3. 人们普遍认为理论基于实践。例如，伽利略（Galileo），他将他对自然规律的研究 基于实验和观测。正是通过观测，他证实了太阳是太阳系中心的理论。同样，邓小
资料来源：育明考研考博官网
平同志的有关建设有中国特色的社会主义理论也是建立在当今中国革命实践的基础 上。毫无疑问，没有实践，就不可能有科学的理论。 4. 说起中国古代文明，人们都熟知四大发明——造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术，他们 对于世界文化、军事、交通等发展起着无可估量的作用。实际上中华民族对世界文 明的杰出贡献远不只是四大发明。
例 18
资料来源：育明考研考博官网
原文：祖国的地下到处都埋藏着丰富的矿产资源。 译文：
4． 采用祈使句 汉语中表示请求、命令、号召以及标语、口号等无主语句可以用英语的祈使句来翻 译。
例 19 原文Biblioteka 闲人免进！ 译文：例 20 原文：请勿践踏草坪！ 译文：
首都经济贸易大学211《翻译硕士英语》357《英语翻译基础》448《汉语写作与百科知识》考试大纲
首都经济贸易大学硕士研究生入学考试211《翻译硕士英语》、357《英语翻译基础》、448《汉语写作与百科知识》考试大纲一、考试目的根据全国翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会所制定的《全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试总纲》（考试指导性意见）以及《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》以及有关文件要求与精神，本考试旨在全面考察考生的双语（英语、母语）综合能力及双语翻译能力。
二、考试的性质与范围本考试是全国翻译硕士专业学位研究生的入学资格考试，除全国统考分值100分的第一单元《政治理论》之外，专业考试分为三门，分别是第二单元外国语考试《翻译硕士英语》第三单元基础课考试《英语翻译基础》以及第四单元专业基础课考试《汉语写作与百科知识》。
《翻译硕士英语》重点考察考生的外语水平，总分100分，《英语翻译基础》重点考察考生的外汉互译专业技能和潜质，总分150分，《汉语写作和百科知识》重点考察考生的现代汉语写作水平和百科知识，总分150分。
三、考试基本要求1.具有良好的英语基本功，掌握6000个以上的英语积极词汇。
2.具有较好的双语表达和转换能力及潜质。
3.具备一定的中外文化以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。
对作为母语（A语言）的现代汉语有较强的写作能力。
四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，试题在各项试题中的分布见各门“考试内容一览表”。
五、考试内容见以下分别表述。
211《翻译硕士英语》考试大纲一、考试目的：《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）入学考试英语考试，其目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的英语水平。
二、考试性质与范围：本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英语阅读与写作等方面的技能。
三、考试基本要求1.具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10，000以上，掌握6000个以上的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2015年首都经济贸易大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题,考研大纲,考研参考书,考研经验
常用经济名词解释 2 31、城市化：是由农业为主的传统乡村社会向以工业和服务业为主的现代城市社会逐渐转变的 历史过程。具体包括人口职业的转变、产业结构的转变、土地及地域空间的变化。 32、节能减排：指的是减少能源浪费和降低废气排放。我国“十一五”规划纲要提出，“十一 五”期间单位国内生产总值能耗降低 20％左右、主要污染物排放总量减少 10％。这是贯彻落 实科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会的重大举措；是建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的必
月 1 日起实施燃油税费改革。 45、城镇廉租住房：是指政府在住房领域实施社会保障职能，向具有城镇常住居民户口的低收 入家庭提供的租金相对低廉的普通住房。廉租住房的保障范围最初只包括城镇最低收入家庭。 ２００７年８月１３日，《国务院关于解决城市低收入家庭住房困难的若干意见》发布，明确 提出以城市低收入家庭为对象，进一步建立健全城市廉租住房制度。“十一五”期末，全国廉 租住房制度保障范围要由城市最低收入住房困难家庭扩大到低收入住房困难家庭。国家将从政 策措施上多方面为廉租住房制度提供支持和保证。 46、基层医疗卫生体系：以农村基层和城镇社区医疗机构为核心的我国基层医疗卫生体系建设 已成为我国医改关注的重点。最新发布的《中共中央 国务院关于深化医药卫生体制改革的意 见》明确提出，建设覆盖城乡居民的公共卫生服务体系、医疗服务体系、医疗保障体系、药品 供应保障体系，形成四位一体的基本医疗卫生制度。深化医药卫生体制改革的总体目标：建立 健全覆盖城乡居民的基本医疗卫生制度，为群众提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗卫生服务。 47、粮食最低收购价：我国粮食收购价格一般情况下由市场供求决定，国家在充分发挥市场机 制作用的基础上实行宏观调控。为保护农民利益、保障粮食市场供应，必要时由国务院决定对 短缺的重点粮食品种，在粮食主产区实行最低收购价格。当市场粮价低于国家确定的最低收购 价时，国家委托符合一定资质条件的粮食企业，按国家确定的最低收购价收购农民的粮食。 48、水库移民后期扶持：国家自２００６年７月１日起，实行统一的水库移民后期扶持政策， 扶持范围为新中国成立以来所有大中型水库农村移民，扶持标准为每人每年６００元，扶持期 限为２０年。所需资金主要通过在全国范围内提高省级电网销售电价筹措（扣除农业生产用 电），分省安排使用。此外，国家还将通过其他渠道筹措资金，加大扶持力度，解决库区和移 民安置区基础设施和长远发展问题。 49、政策性农业保险：是指保险机构开展的由各级财政提供保费补贴的特定农作物、特定养殖 品种的农业保险业务。政策性农业保险是由政府主导、组织和推动，由财政给予保费补贴，按 商业保险规则运作，以支农、惠农和保障“三农”为目的的一种农业保险，由商业保险公司承 办具体实务，并提供专业化的保险服务。 50、农业综合开发：是指通过资金、物资、劳力和科技等生产要素配套投入，并运用工程和生 物措施，在一定区域范围内，进行广度和深度的开发，以提高农业综合生产能力和农产品商品 率，改善和保护农业生态环境，提高资源利用率，实现经济效益、社会效益和生态效益的统一。
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题分享与详解
对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题分享与详解一、百科知识，解释划线词1.韩素音的著作《伤残的树》描写了一个世纪前，一位比利时女子被瓷器中的中国吸引，远嫁重洋，落户动乱、饥饿的四川。
半个世纪前，她的长着高鼻梁、黑眼睛的混血女儿，历时15年，用手中的笔，书写了一部给外国人看的家族史，这是一部纠结着血缘传承、习俗差异、民族矛盾的复杂家族史，更是一部扎根在自己家族，涉与曾国藩、义和团、袁世凯、基督教、共产党的波澜壮阔的民族断代史。
2.钱钟书先生的笔记中不仅包括了《诗经》、《论语》、《史记》、《全唐诗》、《全宋词》、《红楼梦》等经典，更大量涉与历代文人诗文别集、笔记小说、野史杂谈、尺牍日札。
多种形制、各类语体的读数笔记曾伴随钱钟书走南闯北，历经风雨，充分展现了钱先生的国学水平。
3.一方面，新兴市场国家，如金砖四国，希望注资IMF。
据消息人士称，IMF需要3500亿美元来帮助西班牙和意大利等国渡过债务危机。
但西方国家认为，这次注资不应该通过减少西方国家的投票权(增加新兴市场国家的投票权会降低西方国家的投票权)来损害西方国家的利益。
4.加拿大央行行长卡尼表示，希腊问题十分重要，但鉴于更大国际背景，欧洲问题严重性甚于希腊，G20峰会需要认真解决发达国家经济弱点。
5.参加德班气候大会的中国代表团官员8日表示，随着中国“十二五”期间加强控制温室气体排放，中国有望建立自己的碳排放交易系统(ETS)。
6，还有戛纳，欧元区，新闻界的“走，转，改”具体文段想不起来。
二、应用文写作应用文写作纪念辛亥革命一百周年征稿启事写清标题，正文，落款要求有四条1.征文目的，对象，用途，意义2.征文题材体裁字数3.征文起止日期评奖办法4.邮寄方式联系人地址5.不少于450字三、大作文写作：阅读下面一则故事，写一篇800字以上短文；题目：略谈说话的艺术美国的心理学家和人际关系大师卡耐基每个季度都要在纽约的一家大旅馆租用大礼堂用以讲授社交训练课程。
2015年首都经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题,考研参考书,考研大纲,考研经验,考研辅导班资料,学姐经验
2015年首都经济贸易大学翻译硕士汉语写作与百科知识考研真题一．名词解释十二铜表法傅聪的前丈人小篆史诗魔幻现实主义文艺复兴法国大革命基准利率陋巷策论礼部圭臬二．应用文结合怀柔的人文自然，给怀柔做个旅游广告三．大作文是文明，材料是杭州图书馆让流浪汉看书。
翻译硕士词汇辨析1ambiguous,obscure,vague,unclear,dimambiguous,obscure,vague,unclear,dim这一组形容词都有“模糊”的意思。
ambiguous a.意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。
His ambiguous directions confused us;we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。
obscure a.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。
该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。
The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.艾兹拉·庞德的诗有时候难以理解，因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。
vague a.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。
He has some vague ideas about what to do,but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什么，但没有具体的计划。
unclear a.指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂；不肯定的。
Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。
对外经贸大学翻译硕士考研真题及答案解析
育明教育孙老师整理，来育明教育赠送资料，更多真题可咨询孙老师。
对外经济贸易大学2011年翻译硕士(MTI)真题翻译硕士英语Part1:Vocabulary and Grammar.（30P）01.The Space Age____in October1957when the first artificialsatellite was launched by the Soviet Union.A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedmenced02.John said that he didn’t quite____and asked me to repeat whatI had said.A.snatch upB.summon upC.catch onD.watch out03.When he tried to make a____,he found that the hotel that he wantedwas completely filled because of a convention.plaintB.claimC.reservationD.decision04.A budget of five dollars a day is totally____for a trip roundEurope.A.inadequateB.incapableC.incompatibleD.invalid05.In our highly technological society,the number of jobs for unskilledworkers is____.A.shrinkingB.obscuringC.alteringD.constraining06.The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be___by thisdevice.A.ignitedB.lightedC.firedD.inspired07.I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time____the last bus.A.to have caughtB.to catchC.catchingD.havingcaught08.Frankly speaking,your article is very good except for some____mistakes in grammar.A.obscureB.glaringC.trivialD.rare09.As it turned out to be a small house party,we____so formally.A.needn’t dress upB.did not need have dressed upC.did not need dress upD.needn’t have dressed up10.Certain species disappeared or became____as new forms arose that were better adapted to the Earth’s changing environment.A.feebleB.extinctC.massiveD.extinguished11.I apologize if I____you,but I assure you it was unintentional.A.offendB.had offendedC.should have offendedD. might have offended12.Franklin D.Roosevelt argued that the depression stemmed from the American economy’s____flaws.A.underliningB.vulnerableC.vulgarD. underlying13.Although a teenager,Fred could resist____what to do and what not to do.A.to be toldB.having been toldC.being toldD.to have been told14.I am afraid that you have to alter your____views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.A.indifferentB.distressingC.optimisticD. pessimistic15.Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage____avoided.A.is to beB.can beC.will beD.has been16.Stop shouting!I can’t hear the football____.A.judgmentB.interpretationmentaryD. explanation17.Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores,and this is especially true____it comes to classroom tests.A.beforeB.asC.sinceD.when18.Every member of society has to make a____to struggle for the freedom of the country.A.pledgeB.warrantyC.resolveD.guarantee19.David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much____to those who compete well.A.prestigeB.regimeC.superiorityD.legislation20.The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens,set to____when itarrived in New York.A.go offB.get offe offD.carry off21.The younger person’s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only____familiarity with technology.A.in quest ofB.by means ofC.in terms ofD.by virtue of22.By signing the lease we made a___to pay a rent of$150a week.A.conceptionmissionmitmentD. confinementPart2:Identify Stylistic Problems.（18P）01.By the time Julia Roberts was23,she had won two academy award nominations,she had also become the world’s most popular female actress.A.run onma spliceC.correctD.fragment02.Since then,Roberts has appeared in fourteen films.Most recently,“My Best Friend’s Wedding”and“The Conspiracy Theory.”A.fragmentB.choppyC.correctma splice03.She didn’t plan to become an actress.She wanted to be six feet tall.She wanted to be a veterinarian.She wanted to be happy and make others happy.A.fragmentma spliceC.choppyD.correct04.Although Julia Roberts has had much professional success.In spite of her trouble with several failed relationships.A.fragmentB.choppyma spliceD.correct05.Julia Roberts lives in Manhattan,not far from the apartment she once shared with her sister in Greenwich Village.A.fragmentma spliceC.correctD.run on06.She came to New York when she was seventeen.Because her older sister lived there and she was influenced by her sister.A.fragmentB.run onC.choppyma splice07.Roberts was raised in Georgia.Her parents ran a theater school there. Her sister and brother are also actors.The family was always short of money.A.fragmentB.choppyC.correctD.run on08.When Julia was four years old,her parents divorced.After eighteen years of marriage.A.fragmentB.run onC.choppyD.correctPart3:Reading Comprehension（30P）Passage AMany United States companies have,unfortunately,made the search for legal protection from import competition into a major line of work.Since 1980the United States International Trade Commission（ITC）has received about280complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies by foreign governments.Another340charge that foreign companies“dumped”their products in the United States at“less than fair value.”Even when no unfair practices are alleged,the simple claim that an industry has been injured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief.Contrary to the general impression,this quest for import relief has hurt more companies than it has helped.As corporations begin to function globally,they develop an intricate web of marketing,production,and research relationships.The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikely that a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all the units under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the danger that foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companies the laws were designed to protect.Suppose a United States-owned company establishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitor makes the same product in the United States.If the competitor can prove injury from the imports—and that the United States Company received a subsidy from a foreign government to build its plant abroad—the United States Company’s products will be uncompetitive in the United States,since they would be subject to duties.Perhaps the most brazen case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations that Canadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumping rock salt,used to device roads.The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that a foreign conglomerate with United States operations was crying for help against a United States company with foreign operations.The“United States”company claiming injury was a subsidiary of a Dutch conglomerate,while the“Canadian”companies included a subsidiary of a Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic producer of rock salt.01.The passage is chiefly concerned with______.A.arguing against the increased internationalization of United States corporationsB.warning that the application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequencesC.demonstrating that foreign-based firms receive more subsidies from their governments than United States firms receive from the United States governmentD.advocating the use of trade restrictions for“dumped”products but not for other imports02.It can be inferred from the passage that the minimal basis for a complaint to the International Trade Commission is which of the following?A.A foreign competitor has received a subsidy from a foreign government.B.A foreign competitor has substantially increased the volume of products shipped to the United States.C.A foreign competitor is selling products in the United States at less than fair market value.D.The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale of imports in the United States.03.The last paragraph performs which of the following functions in the passage?A.It summarizes the discussion thus far and suggests additional areas of research.B.It presents a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.C.It cites a specific ease that illustrates a problem presented more generally in the previous paragraph.D.It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.04.The passage warns of which of the following dangers?panies in the United States may receive no protection from imports unless they actively seek protection from import competition.panies that seek legal protection from import competition may incur legal costs that far exceed any possible gain.panies that are United States owned but operate internationally may not be eligible for protection from import competition under the laws of the countries in which their plants operate.panies that are not United States owned may seek legal protection from import competition under United States import relief laws.05.According to the passage,the International Trade Commission isinvolved in which of the following?A.Investigating allegations of unfair import competitionB.Granting subsidies to eompanies in the United States that have been injured by import competitionC.Recommending legislation to ensure fair tradeD.Identifying international corporations that wish to build plants in the United StatesPassage BSince the late1970s,in the face Of a severe loss of market share in dozens of industries,manufacturers in the United States have been trying to improve productivity—and therefore enhance their international competitiveness—through cost-cutting programs.（Cost-cutting here is defined as raising labor output while holding the amount of labor constant.）However,from1978through1982,productivity—the value of goods manufactured divided by the amount of labor input—did not improve;and while the results were better in the business upturn of the three years following,they ran25percent lower than productivity improvements during earlier,post-1945upturns.At the same time,it became clear that the harder manufactures worked to implement cost-cutting,the more they lost their competitive edge.With this paradox in mind,I recently visited25companies;it became clear to me that the cost-cutting approach to increasing productivity is fundamentally flawed.Manufacturing regularly observes a“40,40, 20”rule.Roughly4o percent of any manufacturing-based competitive advantage derives from long-term changes in manufacturing structure （decisions about the number,size,location,and capacity of facilities）and in approaches to materials.Another40percent comes from major changes in equipment and process technology.The final20percent rests on implementing conventional cost-cutting.This rule does not imply that cost-cutting should not be tried.The well-known tools of this approach—including simplifying jobs and retraining employees to work smarter,not harder—do produce results.But the tools quickly reach the limits of what they can contribute.Another problem is that the cost-cutting approach hinders innovation and discourages creative people.As Abernathy’s study of automobile manufacturers has shown,an industry can easily become prisoner of itsown investments in cost-cutting techniques,reducing its ability to develop new products.And managers under pressure to maximizecost-cutting will resist innovation because they know that more fundamental changes in processes or systems will wreak havoc with the results on which they are measured.Production managers have always seen their job as one of minimizing costs and maximizing output.This dimension of performance has until recently sufficed as a basis of evaluation,but it has created a penny-pinching,mechanistic culture in most factories that has kept away creative managers.Every company I know that has freed itself from the paradox has done so,in part,by developing and implementing a manufacturing strategy. Such a strategy focuses on the manufacturing structure and on equipment and process technology.In one company a manufacturing strategy that allowed different areas of the factory to specialize in different markets replaced the conventional cost-cutting approach; within three years the company regained its competitive advantage. Together with such strategies,successful companies are also encouraging managers to focus on a wider set of objectives besides cutting costs.There is hope for manufacturing,but it clearly rests on a different way of managing.01The author of the passage is primarily concerned with______.A.summarizing a thesisB.recommending a different approachparing points of viewD.making a series of predictions02It can be inferred from the passage that the manufacturers mentioned in paragraph1expected that the measures they implemented would______.A.encourage innovationB.keep labor output constantC.increase their competitive advantageD.permit business upturns to be more easily predicted03.The primary function of the first paragraph of the passage is to ______.A.present a historical context for the author’s observationsB.anticipate challenges to the prescriptions that followC.clarify some disputed definitions of economic termsD.summarize a number of long-accepted explanations04.The author refers to Ahernathy’s study most probably in order to ______.A.qualify an observation about one rule governing manufacturingB.address possible objections to a recommendation about improving manufacturing competitivenessC.support an earlier assertion about method of increasing productivityD.suggest the centrality in the Unit States economy of a particular manufacturing industry05.The author’s attitude toward the culture in most factories is best described as______.A.cautiousB.criticalC.disinterestedD. respectfulPassage CIt can be argued that much consumer dissatisfaction with marketing strategies arises from an inability to aim advertising at only the likely buyers of a given product.There are threegroups of consumers who are affected by the marketing process.First, there is the market segment—people who need the commodity in question. Second,there is the program target—people in the market segment with the“best fit”characteristics for a specific product.Lots of people—may need trousers,but only a few qualify as likely buyers of very expensive designer trousers.Finally,there is the program audience—all people who are actually exposedto the marketing program without regard to whether they need or want the product.These three groups are rarely identical.An exception occurs in cases where customers for a particular industrial product may be few and easily identifiable.Such customers,allsharing a particular need,are likely to form a meaningful target,for example,all companies with a particular application of the product in question,such as high-speed fillers ofbottles at breweries.In such circumstances,direct selling（marketing that reaches only the program target）is likely to be economically justified,and highly specialized trade media existto expose members of the program target—and only members of the program target—to the marketing program.Most consumer-goods markets are significantly different.Typically, there are many rather than few potential customers.Each represents a relatively small percentage of potential sales.Rarely do members of a particular market segment group themselves neatly into a meaningful program target.There are substantial differences among consumers with similar demographic characteristics.Even with all the past decade’s advances in information technology, direct selling of consumer goods is rare,and mass marketing—-a marketing approach that aims at a wide audience-remains the only economically feasible mode.Unfortunately,there are few media that allow the marketer to direct a marketing program exclusively to the program target.Inevitably,people get exposed to a great deal of marketing for products in which they have no interest and so they become annoyed.01.The passage suggests which of the following about highly specialized trade media?A.They should be used only when direct selling is not economically feasible.B.They can be used to exclude from the program audience people who are not part of the program target.C.They are used only for very expensive products.D.They are rarely used in the implementation of marketing programs for industrial products.02.The passage suggests which of the following about direct selling?A.It is used in the marketing of most industrial products.B.It is often used in cases where there is a large program target.C.It is not economically feasible for most marketing programs.D.It is used only for products for which there are many potential customers.03.The author mentions“trousers”in paragraph1most likely in order to______.A.make a comparison between the program target and the program audienceB.emphasize the similarities between the market segment and the program targetC.provide an example of the way three groups of consumers are affected by a marketing programD.clarify the distinction between the market segment and the program target04.“the product in question”in Line5,Paragraph2means______.A.“the product in the previous question”B.“the product under discussion”C.“the product on sale”D.“the product in doubt”05.It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true for most consumer-goods markets?A.The program target and the program audience are not usually identical.B.The program audience and the market segment are usually identical.C.The market segment and the program target are usually identical.D.The program target is larger than the market segment.Cloze TestMost economists in the United States seem captivated by the spell of the free market.__16__.A price that is determined by the seller or, for that matter,established by anyone other than the aggregate of consumers seems pernicious.__17__.In fact,price-fixing is normal in all industrialized societies because the industrial system itself provides,as an effortless consequence of its own development,the price-fixing that it requires.Modern industrial planning requires and rewards great size.Hence,a comparatively small number of large firms will be competing for the same group of consumers.That each large firm will act with consideration of its own needs and thus avoid selling its products for more than its competitors charge is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories.__18__.Each large firm will thus avoid significant price-cutting,because price-cutting would be prejudicial to the common interest in a stable demand for products. Most economists do not see price-fixing when it occurs because they expect it to be brought about by a number of explicit agreements among large firms;it is not.Moreover,those economists who argue that allowing the free market to operate without interference is the most efficient method of establishing prices have not considered the economies of non-socialist countries other than the United states.These economies employ intentional price-fixing,usually in an overt fashion.Formalprice-fixing by cartel and informal price-fixing by agreements coveringthe members of an industry are common-place.__19__,the countries thathave avoided the first and used the second would have suffereddrastically in their economic development.There is no indication thatthey have.Socialist industry also works within a framework of controlled prices.In the early1970’s,the Soviet Union began to give firms and industriessome of the flexibility in adjusting prices that a more informalevolution has accorded the capitalist system.__20__;rather,Sovietfirms have been given the power to fix prices.A.But each large firm will also act with full consideration of the needsthat it has in common with the other large firms competing for the samecustomersB.Consequently,nothing seems good or normal that does not accord withthe requirements of the free marketC.Economists in the United States have hailed the change as a returnto the free market.But Soviet firms are no more subject to pricesestablished by a free market over which they exercise little influencethan are capitalist firmsD.Accordingly,it requires a major act of will to think of price-fixing（the determination of prices by the seller）as both“normal”andhaving a valuable economic functionE.Were there something peculiarly efficient about the free market andinefficient about price-fixing-o.Part4:Writing.（30P）Write an English essay of250-300words describing Maslow’s hierarchyof human needs and analyze this model with ONE example.Your writingwill be assessed for language,format,structure and content.育明教育考研专业课第一品牌，考研信息可咨询育明教育官网政治【学科概述】不用因为政治纷繁复杂的知识点而担心政治会不过线，只要肯下功夫，60分是很容易达到的。
对外经贸大学翻译硕士英语笔译考研真题及答案
育明教育孙老师整理，来育明教育赠送资料，更多真题可咨询孙老师。
对外经济贸易大学2011年翻译硕士(MTI)真题汉语写作与百科知识一、单项选择（40分）01.《诗经》是中国古代最早的诗歌总集。
《诗经》原名《诗》或《诗三百》。
到了汉代儒家学者推崇其为经典，故称为《诗经》。
《诗经》共分为三个部分，分别是：____。
A.雅、风、诗B.风、雅、颂C.风、雅、歌D.雅、风、经02.____是我国第一部国别体史书，记事年代起自周穆王，止于鲁悼公。
内容涉及周、鲁、齐、晋、郑、楚、吴、越八国。
A.《左传》B.《战国策》C.《国语》D.《苟予》03.《墨子》与《论语》的区别在于____。
A.《论语》多作论证，而《墨子》只作论断而不作论证。
B.《论语》既作论证又作论断，而《墨子》只作论断不作论证。
C.《论语》只作论断而不作论证。
而《墨子》是在提出论题后进行论证，且论证常常从具体事例引出议论。
进行归纳。
D.《论语》是在提出论题后进行论证，且论证常常从具体事例引出议论，进行归纳，而《墨子》是作论证而不作论断。
04.以下____部作品是继《史记》之后的又一部富有散文特色的史学巨著（作者：班固），其中有不少出色的人物传记，如《东方朔传》、《苏武传》等。
A.《汉书》B.《霍光传》C.《史记别传》D.《史记后传》05.五言诗是我国古典诗歌的主要形式，它和其他诗歌形式一样都是从民间产生的。
其中____是五言诗中最杰出的代表。
A.《古诗十六首》B.《古诗十七首》C.《古诗十八首》D.《古诗十九首》06.代表清代戏剧的最高成就的是____和____。
A.孔尚任的《长生殿》和洪昇的《桃花扇》B.洪昇的《长生般》和孔尚任的《桃花扇》C.李伯元的《官场现行记》和曾朴的《孽海花》D.曾朴的《官场现行记》和李伯元的《孽海花》07.中国文学史上第一部长篇讽刺小说是____。
A.《红楼梦》B.《聊斋志异》C.《老残游记》D.《儒林外史》08.1918年5月，一部被认为是中国现代小说的开山之作发表于《新青年》，这部小说名为鲁迅先生的____。
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2015年首都经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研真题翻译硕士英语，30个单选，（说好的改错呢:)专四难度，三篇选项阅读，一片问答阅读，都是六级难度，不太难，作文是写sow seeds,growth,harvest与大学生教育的关系400词，时间充裕的情况下我只写了300，平时要注意自己的英语写作了，400不好编的。
翻译基础，GATT,EEC,APEC,FOB,十八届四中全会，一站式服务，西厢记，公务专用车，石油输出国，想不起来了，首经贸仿照对外经贸出题，大多数都是经济术语，幸好我提前准备了，哈哈，英汉翻译是李克强在亚洲做的讲话，汉英是李克强的政府工作报告百科写作，名词解释，当时拿到卷我脑子一片空白，说好的选择题呢，一看就感觉跪了，不夸张的说绝对有北外的难度，大家感受下，十二铜表法，傅聪的前丈人（为什么不让我解释前丈人？），小篆，史诗，魔幻现实主义，文艺复兴，法国大革命，基准利率，陋巷，策论，礼部，圭臬，第一年就敢这么出，好样的！应用文是结合怀柔的人文自然，给怀柔做个旅游广告，我靠，有没有考虑过外地考生的感受啊，大作文是文明，材料是杭州图书馆让流浪汉看书。
首经贸总体不难，百科太坑，有没有考首经贸的啊，让我看到你们的双手一、复试办法1.复试考核由专业笔试与综合面试两个环节组成。
2.专业课笔试全面考核考生对各自所报考的专业领域内的理论知识和应用技能的掌握程度，利用所学理论发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力，笔试时间为120分钟。
3.综合面试。
综合面试用全英文进行，包括自我介绍与回答问题两部分。
由不少于5名复试教师为一组进行面试，每位考生至少抽取不少于3道专业题做答。
每名考生的面试时间不少于20分钟。
综合面试总分为100分。
分值比例如下：口头表达20分；听力反应20分；基础知识20分；学术潜质20分；综合素养20分。
4.依据外国语言文学硕士研究生复试的操作惯例，本次复试无第二外语测试。
5.同等学力考生需加试英语专业本科高年级所修“高级英语”这一科目科目。
二、复试成绩评定与权重1.成绩评定要遵循公开、公平、公正的原则。
所有参与成绩评定与核算的教师须按规定在试卷或成绩评定单的指定部位亲笔签名。
2.复试按百分制。
其中专业课笔试与综合面试各占50分。
3.总成绩为初试成绩权重50%，复试成绩权重50%。
三、复试时间与地点1.专业课笔试：3月28日下午1：30-3：30；博学楼502、504。
2.综合面试：（1）第一组(翻译硕士面试组)：3月29日上午8:30；明辨楼306。
（2）第二组（学术型硕士面试组）：3月29日下午1:30；明辨楼306。
政治【学科概述】不用因为政治纷繁复杂的知识点而担心政治会不过线，只要肯下功夫，60分是很容易达到的。
但对于想考名校的朋友，如果期望考到75分左右的高分，你们就需要仔细做选择题，认真地理解重点了。
政治在2010年，大纲作了大幅修订，有了如今大纲的基本结构。
总体上来说，考研政治降低了专业难度，给没怎么学习过政治专业知识的同学越来越多的机会。
政治总分100分，50分客观选择，50分主观简答。
先说主观题，一共5道大题，分别对应政治的五个部分，考点很难预料，但是实际能得到分数不少。
感觉上，只要你能紧贴题目的意思写上两百来字言之成理的话，25分应当毫无悬念。
这里需要说明，考北京区的朋友（北京是最大的旱区，所以主观答题都会被压分），你们政治的主观题大部分都在30上下，33分以上属于个别现象。
在一些竞争相对没那么激烈的地区，主观题的分数会高得多。
所以主观题不但出题点难以控制，可操作性也不强。
相对而言，客观选择题可控性很强，是我们在政治科目的主要精力所在。
【辅导材料选择】目前，考研政治的辅导书最好还是选择肖秀荣老师的一系列书。
我曾对比过几本市面上的不同类别的政治辅导材料，无论是从内容与考研的契合度还是从认真负责的态度来讲，肖老师的都是我见到的书中最好的。
肖老师每年都会在网上提供免费的访谈资料，介绍他对考生的复习建议。
肖老师的微博也每天都为广大考研学子开放，我就在上面问过问题，得到了肖老师的回复。
不过到10月之后，老师会很忙，所以有问题要早问。
政治这门课，大纲极其复杂，内容信息量极大，而考试常考的内容大约只占大纲内容的3成。
所以政治辅导书是很必要的，可以为你找到重点、理清脉络、节省时间。
A：一本纲领性的大纲解析政治学习没有课本（大学里的五本政治书，切不可作为复习纲要），所以主要的复习就靠大纲解析。
推荐1：《考试大纲解析》教育部考试中心每年考试前都会编写该书（这几年都是9月中旬上市），一般为红色，故又称红宝书，这是最正宗的大纲解析，是政治科目命题的直接蓝本。
权威的书，也有其自身缺点，由于其纲领性太强，故通篇没有任何重点标示，翻开书是通篇一样的文字，初学者读来是极其累的。
所以，如果对政治完全懵懂，这本书可以不买。
推荐2：《命题人知识点精讲精练》肖秀荣类似于大纲解析，上面重点比较明确。
缺点是由于每年3月份左右就出了，书上没有明年考试的最新的大纲变动。
不过关于这一点，每年肖老师都会在他的博客、微博、视频平台上和我们一起分析，并会在最新大纲出来后发出补遗文档。
对于很多不熟悉政治的工科、理科生，这本书可以代替《大纲解析》，实在不放心，可以等大纲上市后再买一本翻翻看看，有了基础就不会一团浆糊了。
推荐3：《风中劲草核心考点》一本这几年大行其道的政治辅导书，于每年大纲出来之后上市，相当于大纲的缩写，同时会以多种颜色标示，并标注各个知识点在什么时候考过。
感觉这本书适用于一些较晚开始，大纲出来还对知识点没有任何感觉的学生。
B：一本按章节编写的习题集习题集，主要就做选择题（有主观题的话看看就好）。
其主要价值在我们复习完一节内容后，回顾一下自己的掌握状况，再对没发觉、没记住的知识点加以注意。
也方便来日复习时看看错题。
推荐：《命题人1000题》习题书的目的是确保政治选择题高分。
如果你愿意每天都在政治上花一个小时的时间，那么你值得去买一本。
C：真题书有些人说政治真题没有用，真是错得离谱。
真题怎么可能没有用呢，自己感受历年命题，一些趋势和方向你自己就可以把握，即便做不到这一点，那么感受自己要考的试卷的样子也是至关重要的，再说，政治选择会考陈题，还有一些永恒的重点，所以，虽然政治真题的价值在所有四门课中相比较可能地位不高，但也是很重要的。
推荐：《命题人讲真题》这本书一半是历年考试知识点列表，一半是真题，知识点和真题答案部分都有肖老师的批注。
这本真题书对把握重点和方向有好处。
D：一本时政书每年时政内容会有2道单选，2道多选，共6分，不过时政的意义不止于此，每年主观题和选择题都和时政有紧密的联系，所以多了解时政在分数上的意义很可能是6分的好几倍。
推荐：《命题人形势与政策以及当代世界经济与政治》还是肖老师的书，13年时对十八大的解读十分准确。
我没用过别的时政书，倒是见过一些同学辅导班的补充材料。
感觉有些材料过于细致，考研政治，把握住大方向就好。
E：预测卷原本不想加入预测这一条，怕大家过于投机。
不过同学们的投机意识原本就好强——看到大家都买好多，又鉴于肖老师连续两年命中主观题，所以还是写一下。
其实，在政治考试前，也的确需要这样的试卷去感受政治氛围。
而且相比于那些什么20天20题之类厚厚的小本子，我觉得预测卷的功能更大些。
推荐：《命题人冲刺8套卷》+《命题人终极预测4套卷》肖老师进过命题组，编过红宝书，有把握命题的方向的能力，编写的这两套卷子也有针对性。
不过我还是需要强调这些卷子的作用是熟悉政治命题，押中题本来就是小概率事件，再说即使押中，你也未必能背到，考试终究还是靠你自己的能力。
以上类别已足够，各类书择其一即可，你若觉得某一类不必要，自己随意。
另外，肖老师时不时会出一些免费视频，帮助大家理解梳理，大家复习空隙可以去看看。
【给对政治没感觉朋友的建议】考研政治是不需要多少基础的，但是如同有朋友完全不会数学一样，有些人对政治完全没感觉，看到密密麻麻的书就烦，也懒得去做习题集。
如果这样的朋友却需求一定的政治分数，那我有如下建议。
首先你们肯定不会提前看红宝书，如果有心看却看不下去，可以去找考研机构的配套视频看。
嫌麻烦的，直接等《风中劲草核心考点》（10月左右）或者是肖秀荣的《命题人考点预测（背诵版）》（11月左右），择其一看看。
最晚11月，你也得开始了解这些知识点了，这要求你前期把别的科目复习好。
等12月之后，到网上了解一下时政，然后买肖秀荣的《八套卷》来做，最后背他的《四套卷》。
这是我能想到的最简洁的路，能到什么程度还是看悟性。
【复习方法及大体安排】建议政治复习的开始时间宜早不宜晚，尤其对那些不通文史的朋友来说，最好开始在8月左右。
对于有些基础的朋友，最好也在9月大纲出来之后开始着手复习。
早准备早规划，这样可以将11月、12月大量的时间让位给数学、专业课这样的硬骨头。
三轮复习（给出的时间只是参考）一轮（9月、10月）学一章知识，做一章习题。
学的时候拿着笔，圈圈点点，学完后做习题。
做完习题，从题目中发现考点，看看自己学的时候遗漏了什么，回过头重新去书上弥补。
这个过程每天一小时左右，学的时间和做题时间还可以分开。
过程最好在保持在两个月之内。
第一轮的工作主要是针对前四部分。
这一轮结束时，如果时间还早，可暂时放下政治，隔几天看个半小时回顾一下即可。
P.S.对很多刚接触政治的朋友，翻开书，看到哲学部分的二三四三章内容，肯定一个脑袋两个大，看着厚厚的书干着急。
其实，整本政治书最难就这三章内容，勉强加上考察分值在2-3分的第四章。
其他都是一些偏重记忆的内容，不用着急，后面会越看越轻松。
二轮（11月）此时已经过完一遍，你已经有了一些基础，通过做题也大致知道了哪些章节比较重要。
这时候可以通过看一些真题，再来把握一下重点内容。
然后，还是要回到大纲解析的知识点上来，这时候要浏览，在一段时间内浏览一些内容（比如先规定自己半小时浏览完三章），浏览时自己去尝试串联这些知识点，虽然有些政治内容没有太明显的逻辑，但还是有很多相关内容可以串联到一起。
一开始半小时串一两章，慢慢地，你越来越关注重点，速度会越来越快。
要明确串联的重点核心在前两大部分——马原和毛概，这两个部分的内容，其实主次很分明。
第三部分——近代史次之，第四部分再次，第五部分还是不用看。
每当串联一部分，你都要再去看看习题集上对应的错题，回顾一下。
要记住直到第二轮结束，我们的重心都是完全在50分客观选择题上。
这一轮耗时可长可短，建议在11月结束前完成，同样平均每天不要超过1小时。
三轮（12月）熟悉时政，同时继续过大纲，此时整个大纲在你眼中已只剩下一些重点，翻阅一遍应该已经很快了。
然后可以开始做8套卷，同时也有意识地开始为主观题做一些知识储备。
主要浏览8套卷上的主观题就行，也可以看看往年的真题大题的答题模式（特别马哲题不受时政影响，有必要多看几道）。