9第三版中级口译梅德明版本doc文档
中级口译第九节课讲义 环境保护

中级口译第六课环境保护单词:mercilessly毫不吝啬的virgin未开发的rainfall降水shelter栖息地fertile肥沃的topsoil表层土disruption崩溃unpredictable不可预知的equator赤道tailor-made特制的graft嫁接seedling树苗bulldozer推土机sprayer喷水器degradation退化sewerage排水设备drain排水respiratory呼吸的depurate净化shield保护vilatile挥发性的edible可食用的海水淡化sea water desalinization垃圾填埋场refuse landfill 垃圾焚化厂refuse incinerator 土壤盐碱化soil alkalization农药残留pesticide residue 防风林wind breaks (防沙林sand breaks)世界环境日World Environment Day (June 5th each year) 世界气象日World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日World Oceans Day (8 June)联合国环境与发展大会(环发大会)United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)联合国环境规划署United Nations Environment Programs (UNEP可降解一次性塑料袋throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags放射性废料积存accumulation of radioactive waste有机污染物organic pollutants1.环境保护是中国的一项基本国策,是实现经济持续发展的一项重要战略。
//中国作为国际社会中的成员,积极参加国际环保事务,努力促进国际环保合作。
(2021年整理)高级口译第三版教程2梅德明

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Unit Three Business NegotiationText Passage One进出口商品交易会 import and export commodities fair 销售部经理 sales manager supply department 采购部 brochure 宣传小册子scope of business 经营范围 machine tool 机床workmanship 工艺 make an inquiry 询价quotation 报价 C.I.F Seattle 西雅图到岸价(*cost,insurance。
freight)调整价格 adjust the price competitive 具有竞争力bulk 很大 substantially 大大地展台 exhibition stand1.欢迎光临上海进出口商品交易会。
我叫陈明。
我是上海机械公司的销售部经理。
Welcome to Shanghai Import and Export Commodities Fair。
My name is Ming Chen。
I am Sales manager of the Shanghai Machinery Company Inc。
2.Hi, Mr。
Chen。
My name is Sean Hudson. I am from Seattle, USA. I am in charge of the supply department of the Pacific Trading Company Ltd。
中级口译真题_09春

2009春季英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段模考SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (40 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the ward or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in you ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage only once.Each person has his own culture and norms, and those habits are his way of life. Sometimes these values can _____________(1) with other cultures when a person travels in a foreign country. The difficulty that some people have _____________(2) a new culture is called ―culture shock‖.Culture shock is your mind and body’s _____________(3) being confused and feeling overwhelmed in unfamiliar surroundings. It can cause both psychological and _____________(4). Suffering from culture shock often leaves people feeling moody, isolated and _____________(5).There are several stages that human beings _____________(6) when they enter and live in a new culture. Not everyone experiences the exact stages but most will go through _____________(7).Culture shock begins with the ―honeymoon stage‖. This is the period when you _____________(8) a new place where everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. This stage may last _____________(9) to six months when you feel involved in some kind of _____________(10).Unfortunately, the second stage of culture shock can be more difficult. After you have _____________(11) into your new life, working or studying, buying groceries, or doing laundry, you find that _____________(12) in life seem to be much bigger and more disturbing in a foreign culture. Cultural differences in _____________(13) and values become more obvious, too. What previously seemed exciting, _____________(14) is now merely frustrating. You begin to miss your homeland and seek security in the familiar. You may reject or _____________(15) the new culture.The third stage of culture shock is called the ―adjustment stage‖. Thi s is when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the _____________(16). Based on your successes in negotiating a variety of social situations and, maybe, increased _____________(17), your self-esteem grows. Things are still difficult, but you are now a survivor!The fourth stage can be called ―_____________(18)‖. Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. After that, there is a fifth stage that many people don’t know about. This is called the ―reverse culture shock‖._____________(19), this occurs when you go back to your native culture and find that you have changed and that things there have changed while you have been away. Now you feel a little uncomfortable back home.___________________(20)!Part B: Listening Comprehension1. StatementsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. (A) He is not restricted by the police after the violence.(B) He is not arrested for his acts of violence against the police.(C) The police arrested him for his acts of violence.(D) The police restricted him because he has been involved in violence.2. (A) We provided him with a small flat though he asked for a detached house.(B) He asked for a small flat though we have a detached house available.(C) He stayed in a detached house because the small flat is not available.(D) We provided him with a detached house though he asked for a small flat.3. (A) Magazines developed faster than newspapers.(B) Newspapers and magazines competed against radio and television.(C) Newspapers were facing competition from radio, television and magazines.(D) Radio and television brought more competition for newspapers than magazines.4. (A) Selection process is an essential part of interview.(B) Try to present yourself as good as you appear on paper in interview.(C) Your success depends largely on how you present yourself.(D) Appearing good on paper and in person are equally important in interview.5. (A) Readers didn’t like Frost because his material was not simple enough.(B) Frost hadn’t constructed any new meanings from simple material.(C) Frost was liked because of his simple material and new meaning.(D) Readers liked Frost because he drew new meanings from simple material.6. (A) The research was carried out at 31 schools over the past 15 years.(B) The majority of students in the research admit to cheating many times.(C) More than 17% of students report that they cheated more than once during college.(D) The research finds out that cheating during college is a common phenomenon.7. (A) Lights can be set to turn off to save electricity.(B) If you are out for the evening, it is a good idea to turn your lights off. (C) Automatic timers on lights can ensure thesafety of your home in case you are out.(D) Automatic timers are widely used in modern houses.8. (A) Talking too much in business situations leaves a bad impression on Americans.(B) Silence often makes Americans feel uncomfortable in business situations..(C) Americans enjoy keeping silent in business negotiations and employ a variety of strategies.(D) Americans are rather aggressive, especially in business situations.9. (A) Millions of people in America are in a dilemma in terms of paying health bills.(B) A great many people in America are too poor to pick up their health bills.(C) Government programs that support the poor are not popular.(D) Millions of people in America are so rich that they don’t need government aid.10. (A) In 2002, seven in ten adults spent 10% of their income on medicine.(B) Between 2000 and 2003, a great many adults were troubled by steep medical expenses.(C) In 2001, seven in ten adults were in debt owing to high medical expenses.(D) Between 2000 and 2003, 54.5 million people paid less than 10% of their net income in medical expenses.2. Talks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions Only ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11—1411. (A) August the eighth (B) August the ninth (C) August the tenth (D) August the eleventh12. (A) Forty-six centimeters (B) Twenty centimeters and a quarter(C) Twenty-five centimeters (D) Sixty-four centimeters13. (A) August the eleventh (B) August the twelfth(C) August the thirteenth (D) August the fourteenth14. (A) On the opposite of a garage (B) Next to a library (C) 51 Chesterfield Road (D) Next to the State BankQuestions 15--1815. (A) It is a privately financed school. (B) It is connected to the local school system.(C) It is operated by a profit-making company. (D) It enjoys more freedom than traditional public school.16. (A) 1 million. (B) 50 million.. (C) 4 million.. (D) 10 million..17. (A) Because the money spent on charter schools could help traditional schools improve.(B) Because charter schools have greater freedom to decide what to teach and how to teach.(C) Because charter schools provide a choice for parents whose local schools are bad.(D) Because more than one million students attend charter schools.18. (A) The traditional schools had an average score five points higher in mathematics than the charter schools.(B) The charter schools had an average score six points higher in reading than the traditional schools.(C) Charter schools connected with a public school system performed about the same as traditional schools.(D) Fully independent charter schools had higher scores than traditional schools.Questions 19--2219. (A) Geography (B) Economics (C) Agricultural Science (D) Politics20. (A) 1989 (B) 1990 (C) 1991 (D) 199221. (A) Public (B) Private (C) Rural Cooperative (D) Voluntary22. (A) Maths (B) Geography (C) Economics (D) Farming Questions 23--2623. (A) One ounce. (B) Two tablespoons. (C) Half an ounce. (D) Half a tablespoon.24. (A) It should be applied two hours before going out in the sun.(B) It should be applied 15 minutes prior to going out.(C) It should be applied every one hour.(D) It should be applied as many times as possible.25. (A) Skin cancer. (B) Aging of skin. (C) Skin burn. (D) Physical blocker.26. (A) You will not get a whitish tint. (B) They reflect the rays of the skin.(C) They are superior to chemical blockers. (D) They don’t soak down into the skin.Questions 27--3027. (A) Two bedrooms with garden (B) Three bedrooms with garden(C) Four bedrooms with garden (D) He didn’t care.28. (A) Downtown (B) East suburbs (C) North suburbs (D) South suburbs29. (A) 300 pound (B) 325 pound (C) 350 pound (D) 380 pound30. (A) A garage (B) The water bill (C) The electricity bill (D) The telephone rentalPart C: Listening and Translation1. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)2. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After youhave heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1)(2)SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer. (A), (B), (c) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated of implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5What do Alcoa, Welch's and Bank of America have in common? They all have had their corporate identities stolen and placed on fake checks in a new scam that rips off consumers.The average victim of this type of con -- in which people trade their own cash for a counterfeit check -- loses from $3,000 to $4,000, according to the National Consumers League (NCL). And consumers aren't the only ones who suffer. The reputations of legitimate corporations whose names are being hijacked are also tarnished. Our own company, Reader's Digest, has fallen victim to these thieves, as have other well-known firms."We are highly concerned about reports of scam artists using our name and good reputation to try and deceive consumers through these fake check scams," says Chris Irving, a senior executive with Publishers Clearing House. "If you have received what appears to be a legitimate check with a request to send a portion of that check back, stop immediately." Too Good to Be TrueThere are several versions of the scam, which is spreading, probably because technology allows hustlers to create convincing counterfeits.In one scenario, a potential victim gets an unexpected check from what looks to be a trusted source. The check is labeled as an award, prize, lottery or other windfall.The "lucky winner" is instructed to deposit the check into a personal account and then wire back a portion of the funds to cover fees, taxes or other charges.Inevitably, once the money is sent, the bank discovers that the check is a fake. By law, the person who deposited it must repay the funds.In another version, a person selling an item on eBay or via an online classified ad is contacted by a potential buyer who offers to pay by check. The catch: This person insists on sending a check for more than the purchase price and wants the extra amount wired back. The seller who agrees to this deal later learns the check is no good.In yet another version, scammers recruit so-called secret shoppers. Each is sent a check and instructed to cash it and wire most of it back to the sender. They're also told to keep a portion as payment for rating the performance of the person who handles the transaction. The check, of course, proves to be bogus.Fake corporate checks are so real-looking, they fool even bank tellers. Counterfeit cashier's checks are also popular with these con artists, who are savvy about bank rules. In many cases, the amount of a cashier's check must be posted to a depositor's account by the next business day, before anyone is likely to verify its legitimacy.Such swindles are on the rise: The NCL says that from 2005 to 2006, fake check cons shot from fifth place to first on its list of the most common telemarketing scams. Adds Steve Baker, director of the FTC's Midwest region: "We became aware of these schemes about three or four years ago, and lately, the incidence is really going up."How to protect yourself·Discard offers from sources that ask you to pay fees, taxes or other charges to claim a prize. No legitimate company would do that.·If selling something, never accept more than the sale price.·If accepting payment by check, ask for one drawn on a local bank or on a bank with a local branch. That lets you personally verify the check's validity.·And remember, if something seems too good to be true, most likely it is.1. What is ―scam‖?A. ScampB. ScamperC. SwindleD. Spam2. The author cites the example of Reader's Digest to show that _____A. Reader's Digest has fallen victim to these thieves.B. consumers aren't the only ones who suffer.C. some well-known firms have been enraged.D. Reader's Digest is the easy target.3. What does the word ―tarnish‖ (para. 2) mean?A. CorrodeB. TarnC. FurbishD. Blemish4. A counterfeit check will be labelled as all of the following EXCEPT _____?A. WindflowerB. AwardC. LotteryD. Prize5. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Fake corporate checksB. Discard offersC. Don’t accept payment by checkD. Don’t be fooledQuestions 6-10Have you ever known a married couple that just didn't seem as though they should fit together -- yet they are both happy in the marriage, and you can't figure out why? I know of one couple: He is a burly ex-athlete who, in addition to being a successful salesman, coaches Little League, is active in his Rotary Club and plays golf every Saturday with friends. Meanwhile, his wife is petite, quiet and a complete homebody. She doesn't even like to go out to dinner. What mysterious force drives us into the arms of one person, while pushing us away from another who might appear equally desirable to any unbiased observer?Of the many factors influencing our idea of the perfect mate, one of the most telling, according to John Money, professor emeritus of medical psychology and pediatrics at Johns Hopkins University, is what he calls our "love map" -- a group of messages encoded in our brains that describes our likes and dislikes. It shows our preferences in hair and eye color, in voice, smell, body build. It also records the kind of personality that appeals to us, whether it's the warm and friendly type or the strong, silent type. In short, we fall for and pursue those people who most clearly fit our love map. And this love map is largely determined in childhood. By age eight, the pattern for our ideal mate has already begun to float around in our brains. When I lecture, I often ask couples in the audience what drew them to their dates or mates. Answers range from "She's strong and independent" and "I go for redheads" to "I love his sense of humor" and "That crooked smile, that's what did it."I believe what they say. But I also know that if I were to ask those same men and women to describe their mothers, there would be many similarities between their ideal mates and their moms. Yes, our mothers -- the first real love of our lives -- write a significant portion of our love map.When we're little, our mother is the center of our attention, and we are the center of hers. So our mother's characteristics leave an indelible impression, and we are forever after attracted to people with her facial features, body type, personality, even sense of humor. If our mother was warm and giving, as adults we tend to be attracted to people who are warm and giving. If our mother was strong and even-tempered, we are going to be attracted to a fair-minded strength in our mates. The mother has an additional influence on her sons: she not only gives them clues to what they will find attractive in a mate, but also affects how they feel about women in general. So if she is warm and nice, her sons are going to think that's the way women are. They will likely grow up warm and responsive lovers and also be cooperative around the house. Conversely, a mother who has a depressive personality, and is sometimes friendly but then suddenly turns cold and rejecting, may raise a man who becomes a "dance-away lover." Because he's been so scared about love from his mother, he is afraid of commitment and may pull away from a girlfriend for this reason.While the mother determines in large part what qualities attract us in a mate, it's the father -- the first male in our lives -- who influences how we relate to the opposite sex. Fathers have an enormous effect on their children's personalities and chances of marital happiness.Just as mothers influence their son's general feelings toward women, fathers influence their daughter's general feelings about men. If a father lavishes praise on his daughter and demonstrates that she is a worthwhile person, she'll feel very good about herself in relation to men. But if the father is cold, critical or absent, the daughter will tend to feel she's not very lovable or attractive.In addition, most of us grow up with people of similar social circumstances. We hang around with people in the same town; our friends have about the same educational backgrounds and career goals. We tend to be most comfortable with these people, and therefore we tend to link up with others whose families are often much like our own.6. The purpose of this article is to _____A. explain why we love who we love.B. question the necessity for people who cannot love.C. compare the characteristics of mother and father.D. describe several special couples.7. According to the passage, which is one of the most telling factors influencing our idea of the perfect mate?A. Our likes and dislikesB. Love mapC. Our personalityD. Childhood fantasy8. What does the word ―indelible‖ mean in the 4th paragraph?A. IncredibleB. IndefiniteC. PermanentD. Indent9. Who influences how we relate to the opposite sex?A. The motherB. The teacherC. The studentD. The father10. What does the author believe according to the passage?A. By age eighteen, the pattern for our ideal mate has already begun to float around in our brains.B. If our mother was not warm and giving, as adults we tend to be attracted to people who are warm and giving.C. Just as mothers influence their son's general feelings toward women, fathers influence their daughter's general feelings about men.D. Destiny drives us into the arms of one person, while pushing us away from another who might appear equally desirable to any unbiased observer.Questions 11-15Vacations are what keep us going: fantasies of sunny, sandy beaches on rainy, gray days when the kids are bouncing off the walls; touring a tranquil museum instead of listening to your boss barking in the next office; hiking a mountain rather than sitting in rush-hour traffic.But vacations, by their nature, are also an upheaval -- an interruption of the familiar flow of people, places and routines. That's why adults find travel exciting -- and why it can be hard on kids. Most children thrive on routine. They're always up for adventure, of course, but don't necessarily know how to handle themselves in the midst of it. To ensure that your next vacation is low on stress and disappointment and high on enjoyment, you've got to take careful stock of your family's strengths, weaknesses, dreams and realities.Babies are surprisingly adaptable travel companions. They're (mostly) happy to go wherever you go, and they love looking around at people, animals, bright lights and other babies, so you don't have to do a lot to keep them occupied. Comfortable in strollers or backpack carriers, they can easily travel along city streets or park trails, and they can fall asleep just about anywhere, allowing you to continue sightseeing when they can't keep their eyes open.The biggest drawback to traveling with infants is the mind-boggling array of gear and accessories they require and the frequency with which they must sleep and eat. While it's a logistical challenge to make plans that fit around your infant's routines, it's a fact that sticking to regular eating and sleeping patterns will dramatically increase your chances of keeping your baby happy and contented. However, it's also a fact that as soon as you get used to one routine, your baby will attempt to foil your plans by developing a new one. So be sure to create an itinerary that's flexible. You might all go to a museum in the morning, but if your baby starts to balk, be prepared to go back to the hotel. If he's doing well, stay in town for lunch. You might then plan to sit by the pool for most of the afternoon or arrange for the adults to split up for a couple of hours -- one staying with the baby and the other enjoying a solo activity or special time with an older child. If you use this approach, you'll likely have fewer problems than if you choose an itinerary that locks you into a full day's activities, hours away from your accommodations.If you're going to be flying to and from your destination, consider your baby's sleep schedule. If your baby is a good sleeper, fly during nap time. Your baby will sleep through most of the flight, won't notice changes in ear pressure, and will be well rested and cheerful when you arrive at your destination. If, however, your baby is unlikely to sleep in the midst of so much noise and action book flights for the longest stretch between naps, trying to leave the house immediately after anap, so your baby will be in a good mood on the plane.Contrary to popular belief, beach vacations are not the best choice for families with infants: Strong sun and babies don't mix -- and if having to keep a child indoors forces parents to spend a good part of the day away from the sun, sand and water, they can feel shortchanged. There's also the issue of sand: Older, more mobile babies and toddlers who are prone to putting things in their mouths will be a challenge.As for those other popular destinations -- theme parks -- you should probably postpone this kind of trip if you've got an infant in tow unless you also have older children who are far more likely to enjoy the rides and exhibitions these parks offer.So what does work? City vacations are ideal. You can visit museums, art galleries, zoos, cafes, even shopping malls when you have an infant safely secured in a stroller or backpack carrier. You can also take boat tours or check out marketplaces. Other suitable vacation choices are: resorts, hotels and ranches with infant-care programs; car trips, camping or travel in a recreational vehicle; and visits to relatives.11. What does the author mean by ―upheaval‖ in the 2nd paragraph?A. Act of heaving upB. UpsurgeC. ChangeD. Opportunity12. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Babies are surprisingly inadaptable travel companions.B. Vacations, by their nature, are an interruption of the familiar flow of people, places and routines.C. Children are always up for adventure, and they also know how to handle themselves in the midst of it.D. If you're going for your vacation, consider your baby's sleep schedule.13. What does ―mind-boggling‖ (para. 4) mean?A. ModestB. ExtraordinaryC. PleasantD. Shocking14. What is the author’s tone in writing the passage?A. AmicableB. SarcasticC. SympatheticD. Critical15. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Kids’ characteristicsB. Going for vacationC. Taking your baby to vacationD. Vacation sucks Questions 16-20Everyone's familiar with the American dream: work and study hard and you'll get ahead. But China has its own version, which hopeful parents and their children have adhered to ever since the emperor started meritocratic civil-service exams during the Han dynasty. Like the U.S. variant, the Chinese Dream places firm faith in hard work, but perhaps even greater faith in the value of an education, which promises to boost young people out of poverty and secure better lives for them and their families. This vision has had special appeal since Deng Xiaoping opened China to the world and getting rich became glorious.Now, with China's white-hot economy cooling, millions of youngsters are facing the possibility that a good degree won't be enough. As 2008 wound down, 1.5 million new graduates were still jobless, according to the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Suddenly, it seems, the Chinese Dream is under threat, and that's got Beijing plenty nervous. This was on stark display when Prime Minister Wen Jiabao met with students at a Beijing college in December. "If you are worried, I'm more worried than you," he told them, promising that ensuring their employment was at the top of his agenda, alongside finding jobs for laid-off factory workers.It's easy to see why Beijing is worried about millions of unemployed have-nots, given their history of turning economic woes into mass protests. But China's students have remained largely meek. And they represent just a tiny fraction—about 6 percent—of the country's workers. Yet their symbolic value is enormous. "Today's students carry the expectations of two generations," says psychology professor Wei Zhizhong, who runs a clinic in Guangzhou. Should they and their parents lose faith, their fears could spread cynicism throughout society.Hence the government has begun working to ensure ordinary Chinese don't give up on the country's guiding ethos. New steps include ordering the Chinese military to double its intake of university-trained recruits to 33,000, expandingcollege-based scientific research to create more postgraduate positions, and trying to lure double the number of new village teachers to poor provinces by offering to pay off their college debts. Most important, of course, is the $586 billion in stimulus funds Beijing is pouring into the economy, most of which will be funneled to state-run companies that build railways, power lines and other infrastructure. The goal is to create up to 9 million new jobs this year. Those aren't just for college alumni, of course, but China's half-million engineering grads can rejoice.The parents of the 6.1 million students due to collect bachelor's degrees next summer are also hoping such measures work. Ever since enrollments reopened at the end of the Cultural Revolution in 1978, parents have sacrificed huge amounts of money and time on tuition and tutors to ensure placements and degrees for their kids. Now many fear they won't recoup their investments, and that, in a country with no social safety net, their kids won't be able to look after them in their old age.A case in point is Gong Ailing, a star pupil at a Beijing university, who comes from a peasant family in central China. Gong represents Beijing's worst nightmare. Her father is a 59-year-old peasant who supports his family on $175 a month from a temporary cooking job. "We don't have retirement pensions or social insurance," he says. "So when we get old, we have to rely on our children." The family has spent close to $15,000—a fairly typical amount—to send Gong to college. That's a big bet on the future.It could still pay off, but China's student job seekers were already facing tough times before the global economic tailspin began. A massive expansion in college placements since the 1990s had already begun taking the shine off a degree. Enrollments have doubled in the past four years and evidence of fear abounds. Even top students are now scrambling for jobs in second-tier cities; at a recent job fair at Beijing's elite Tsinghua University, students queued down two flights of stairs to find out about opportunities in places like sleepy Nanjing. Those lucky enough to find work may have to settle for salaries far lower than what they and their debt-laden parents were counting on. "Wages are down 1,000 yuan [about $146] a month, says management student Tian Shaoyuan. The problem is not just financial. "The parents of this generation … haven't realized their dream in their own lives, so they want to achieve their dream in their children's generation," says Wei, the psychologist. As for youngsters, "once they have had the chance to leave the countryside, they don't want to go back … If they do, they'll feel their value has gone," Wei says.Who gets blamed for all this pain depends on how Beijing responds. The risk is that angry youths could target China's leaders, foreign financial regulators or pushy parents. One danger is an upsurge of aggressive nationalism, a traditional pressure valve during tough times but one the government finds difficult to control.To head that off, Beijing has generally stressed cooperation and tried not to blame Washington much for the global crunch (at least till the spat over currency rates). Chinese officials are also working hard to reassure students that opportunities still exist, encouraging them to consider unglamorous but stable forms of employment—which is easier now that high-flying jobs in finance or at multinationals look so uncertain. Qi Jinli, director of Tsinghua's Careers Center, says that the number of his students choosing jobs in state-run firms rose 10 percent last year.Getting students to redirect their energy inward and to lower their ambitions is a sensible strategy, and if the government keeps up its job-creation efforts, it just might manage to keep the Chinese Dream alive, albeit in dog-eared form. Leaders are taking numerous steps in the right direction; besides the stimulus package, local governments are enhancing their student job fairs and organizing internships, for instance. But China's heady get-rich-quick days are probably over. Future graduates will be joining a sophisticated white-collar job market in a far more cyclical economy. In all likelihood, they'll still achieve a better living standard than their parents and be able to take care of them in their old age. Yet the fat years are over, and Chinese leaders need to help college grads adjust their expectations accordingly.16. Which of the following aspects of Chinese dream does the passage mainly discuss?A. Its errorsB. Its threatsC. Its supportersD. Its achievements17. The word ―boost‖ in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ___.A. booB. disappearC. exaggerateD. lift18. The author illustrates Gong Ailing’s story is to show ___.A. Gong comes from a peasant family.B. Gong’s father is a big gambler.C. many parents worry that their kids won't be able to look after them in their old age.D. many students represent the country’s nightmare.19. Which of the basic writing skills does the author mainly use in the passage?。
lesson9中级口译

• 7. 随着学生对外语学习的不断深化,他们会增进对所学语 言民族的文化特征的认识。这种开阔的文化认识可以涉及… • “随着”即“As”, As students learn more and more about foreign language, they will increase their understanding of the cultural characteristics of the target languge, which includes/touches on… • 8. 学生在上外语课时应该学习 学习目标语民族的那些恰当得体 学习 的礼仪规范,学习 学习理解陌生的文化习俗,学习 学习在与外族人交 学习 学习 际时应有的言谈举止。 • 此句的翻译在于三个“学习”,learn the appropriate etiqutte patterns of the target language; learn the unfamiliar customs and traditions and learn the proper manners when communicating with persons of erpretation of Text
• 1. 今天我讲的话题是语言与文化的内在关系 重点讲 内在关系,重点讲 内在关系 第二语言学习与第二文化学习之间的关系及重要意义。 • Today I’m going to talk about/ Today my topic is the inherent link/relation between…and and… between and • “重点讲”也就是“主要讲,强调”的意思,因此可以 重点讲” 重点讲 也就是“主要讲,强调”的意思, 用以下词汇: 用以下词汇: on…例如用 emphasize/stress/highlight/focus on 例如用 I’m focus on: Especially I m going to focus on between…and and… the relationship between and as well as the importance/significance of this relationship.
中级口译教程 梅德明 第三版 8-2 传统节日

传统节日Traditional Holidays我很高兴有机会向各位介绍中国的主要传统节日,尤其是介绍中国最重要的传统节日——春节。
I’m very happy to have the opportunity to talk to you about major traditional Chinese holidays and in particular about the Spring Festival ,the most important Chinese holiday.同世界其他地区一样,节日在中国是人们勤于烹调、饱享口福的时候。
菜市场鱼肉满架,购物和烹调成了人们的主要活动。
但是节庆膳食除了在数量和质量上与平日不同之外,一些历史悠久、具有象征意义的特色食物也是节日必不可缺的伴侣。
Like in the rest of the world , holidays in china are a time to enjoy good cooking and eating,Grocery markets are well stocked with all kinds of fish and meat and shopping and cooking become major activities. But in addition to the quantitative and qualitative differences apparent in holiday meals,some special traditional foods with their symbolic significance are indispensable on these occasions.例如农历5月三日的端午节,人们过端午节是为了纪念被昏君贬官放逐而抱石投江自尽的古代诗人和忠臣屈原。
最初人们将以芦苇叶包扎好的糯米粽子投入屈原自尽的那条江,以祭祀亡灵。
14第三版中级口译梅德明版本doc文档

双边经贸374女士们、先生们:在经济全球化不断发展的背景下,贸易自由化问题日益受到人们的关注。
正确认识和把握经济全球化和贸易自由化问题,对促进全球化经济的健康发展具有十分重要的意义。
如果经济全球化和贸易自由化朝着合理的方向发展,就能促进有效而公正地配置世界资源,促进各国生产力的发展,促进全球多边贸易体制和公正合理的国际经济新秩序的建立,从而造福各国人民。
我们认为,国际贸易的基本原则是平等互利,各国追求各自的利益是正常的,出现一些摩擦和纠纷也是难以避免的。
关键在于要以冷静而明智的态度正确对待和处理摩擦和纠纷。
我们一贯主张,对于双边和多边经济贸易关系中出现的摩擦和争端,有关方面应当本着相互尊重的原则,通过友好协商谋求解决。
就中美贸易而言,互利共赢的经贸关系给两国人民带来了实实在在的经济利益。
今天,美国在华投资设立的企业已超过4万家,投资额达450亿美元。
美国500强企业中已有400多家进入中国,大多数企业获利丰厚。
麦当劳、肯德基、星巴克遍及中国的城市。
微软、因特尔、摩托罗拉、宝洁、柯达、通用汽车等美国驰名品牌的商品畅销中国市场。
沃尔玛等零售企业在中国也有和大发展,与此同时,在美国的市场上,许多中国商品受到美国消费者的青睐。
中国在美国投资设立的企业已超过1000家。
我们可以预见,中美贸易摩擦将随着经贸关系的深化而凸显。
但是,中美经贸合作的总体发展是不可逆转的。
这主要有两个原因。
其一,中美经贸具有很大的互补性。
据统计,美国从中国进口的产品有90%不与美国产品形成竞争。
中国出口到美国的主要是劳动密集型的产品,如自动数据处理设备、机械设备、家电电器等。
这类产品已被美国转移到国外生产,如不从中国内地进口,同样需要从其他国家进口,且价格更贵。
其二,中国产品具有明显的劳动力成本优势。
据统计,中国制造业的平均工资为每小时不到1美元,美国约19美元,中国劳动力成本只相当于美国的5%,中国的劳动力成本优势将在很长时期内存在。
中级口译口试讲义

中级口译口试讲义第一章口译综述一、口试部分简介1、常见选题①选择性、辩论性话题②热点问题:西部大开发、北京申奥、上海世博、经济萧条等③校园文化话题④社会现象、成功、快乐、国家政策等2、口语应试技巧①多与英美国家人士交流、沟通②通过原版外片提高语感③背诵好的演讲稿④阅读报纸,提高词汇量,充实知识量⑤平日进行作文练习3、口语考试常见问题:①因为紧张忘记事先准备的例子②表达不流利4、口译考试介绍二、口译实考体验口译基本功1、考生具备较高语言水平2、丰富词汇量、流利的表达3、准确的发音4、较高的文化修养5、很好的心理素质6、很强的记忆力7、较强的理解力、分析力、应变能力中外合资是一种互补互惠的合作关系。
外国在华投资可以最大限度地发挥各自的优势。
A Sino-foreign joint venture is a mutually complementary and beneficial partnership. Foreign investment in China can maximize the strengths of both parties concerned.我国幅员辽阔、资源丰富、劳动力低廉、消费市场潜力大。
此外我们还有稳定的政治社会环境和优惠的投资政策。
Our country has massive land, abundant resources, cheap labor and a potential consumer market, in addition to the stable political and social environment and favorable investment policies.发达国家有雄厚的资金、先进的技术和管理知识。
投资兴办合资企业时,外方可以提供资金、机械、技术和管理方法。
Developed countries have sufficient funds, advanced technology and managerial expertise. When establishing a joint venture, a foreign partner may bring into the cooperative business capital funds, machinery, advanced technology and management.中方可以提供土地、劳工和部分资金。
中级口译教程(梅德明编著)前七单元词组中英对译

第二单元接待口译Interpreting for Reception Service2-1 机场迎宾Greeting at the Airport人力资源部经理:manager of Human Resources. Top-notch: 顶尖的能够成行:make it 不辞辛苦:in spite of the tiring trip 百忙中抽空:take time from busy schedule run into a storm:下暴雨Be held up: 耽搁clear up:天气转好Attending service:服务倒时差:get over the jet-lag行李齐了:get all the luggage 下榻宾馆:take sb.to the hotel设宴洗尘:host a reception in one’s honor 总裁:chairman杂技表演:acrobatic show2-2 宾馆入住Hotel AccommodationCheck-in: 登记住宿预定房间:have a reservation with确认函:confirmation letter travel agency:旅行社Itinerary:行程表accommodation:住宿双人间:double room 豪华套房:a deluxe suite8折优惠价:have a good rate with 20% off morning cal::叫醒Photo-copy:复印express mail:快递邮件总台:Front desk 餐饮部:Catering Service洗熨部:Laundry Service 楼层服务台:Floor Service Desk Fitness exercise:健身教练:coach2-3 宴会招待Banquet Service敬业(的专家):dedicated(experts)contribute one’s share:尽了…责任Maneuver :机动,演习,策略,调遣大自然所赐予的:Mother Nature grant us Cuisine:菜系色,香,味,形:color,aroma,taste,appearance 食物的质地:raw materials with quality texture 调料:seasonings原汁原味:original flavor appetizing:引起食欲的特色点心:special snack 酸甜适口:a sweet and sour sauce皮薄汁醇:with thin and translucent wrappers and rish tasty soup.皮脆肉嫩:(with a ) crispy skin and tender meat figure out:想出好戏还在后头:have more surprises to expect祝酒:drink to (the health) of sb. 干杯:cheers2-4 参观访问Getting Around高科技园区:High-Tech Park 业务经理:operation manager鸟瞰:take a bird’s eye view of 言归正传:come back to story走马观花:cast a passing glance at flowers while riding on horsehack显目审批权:be authorized to approve projects (with) 优惠政策:preferential policies与国际管理体制接轨:operate under the management system of international standards跨国公司:multinationals 骨干企业:enterprises of pillar industries 生物技术:biotechnology 高技术产业链:high-tech industry chains 一条龙服务:a stream –lined one-stop service 生态型开发:ecological conservation可持续发展:sustainable development 绿草成茵:boasts stretches of green grass 流水潺潺:streams murmuring 鸟儿啁啾:birds chirping四季花香:fragrant flowers blossoming all year round 安保服务:security service第三单元会谈口译Interpreting Conversations3-1 欢迎光临Welcome邮电:post and telecommunications 感到骄傲和荣幸:be proud and honored 海外部主任:directory of the company’s Overseas DepartmentGracious invitation:友好邀请distinguished group;杰出的人士寄托:high expectation 外宾专用别墅:villas for overseas visitors Look over the seas:面向大海字面意思:means literally国际机票:international flights school break:假期3-2 投资意向A Wish to InvestShare my thoughts with you:我想告诉你我的想法foreign firm:外国公司Investment destination:投资目的地翻了两番:has quadrupled投资热:investment boom 沿海地区:coastal city全面对外开放:open the whole country up to the outside world内地:country’s interior areas 有利可图:find it more profitable (to)I’m all ears to…我愿闻其详最大限度:maximizes the strengths of发挥有关双方的优势:both parties concerned 幅员辽阔:massive land税收:taxation 消费者市场:consumer marker诱人的投资政策:attractive investment policies 基础设施:infrastructure资金:fund 管理知识:managerial expertise研究资料:literature(research data)enlightening:茅塞顿开合资/独资企业:joint venture/establish a business independentlyConsultant:顾问3-3 合资企业Establishing a Joint V entureCordless/mobile phones:无绳电话/移动电话投资意向:investment proposal明智的:wise 制造公司:manufacturing company Persuasive:有说服力的express train:快车Potential market:潜力市场initially:起初阶段Embark on:开始,从事in the vicinity of:左右at a moderate rate and a safe scale:一个稳定的速度和规模投资比重:how much would be your share of investment利润分配:distribution in profit share 权益关系:investment partnership营销:marketing of 外汇储备:foreign exchange reserve (for) 天晴还需防雨天:for the rainy day convertible currency:可兑换的货币The term of our partnership:合作期限the boarding of directors:董事会正合吾意:that coincides with our unsual practice the rewarding day:收获很大的一天3-4 文化差异Cultural DifferencesSettle down:定居for good :永久奥斯卡最佳影片奖:the Oscar for the best picture first and foremost:首先Long-stemmed rose:长茎的玫瑰vigor and vitality:勃勃生机Film poster:电影海报make sense:理解举例说明:offer sb. Some examples originality:独创性Give priority to:放在首位altruistic dedication:无私奉献Seminar:研讨会respond instantaneously:随时回答Be obsessed with:喜欢做…working ethic:工作理念Individual-oriented:个人主义moral autonomy:道德自治观Confucianism:儒家学说sing high praises:高度赞扬Uplift:优良品德communal harmony:整体和谐Take precedence over:高于global integration:全球一体化Go bowling:打保龄球the Peony Pavilion:牡丹亭Broadway:百老汇第四单元访谈口译Interpreting Interviews4-1 行在美国Travel in America由汽车驱动的国家:a country driven by automoblies 据说:it is said that夸张的说法:an exaggergation correct observation:正确的说法Way of life:生活方式drive-in bank:免下车银行International driver’s license :国际驾车执照行车限速:speed limitFederal expressway:州际高速公路minimum/maximum speed:最大/最小限速出公差:visit on a business trip 租车服务业:car rental service付款方式:pay for my rental service credit card:信用卡MasterCard:万事达Visa:威萨American Express:美国运通deposit:押金Special offer:优惠价passenger rail service:客运火车Greyhound:灰狗长途汽车公司monthly pass:月票Long distance coach:长途汽车regulate price:统一的票价Lower rates:更低的价格不尽人意:be not desirableshuttle/commuter flight:穿梭班段/短程定期往返飞机subway:地铁cab/cabby:出租车Yellow Pages:黄页telephone directory:电话号码薄4-2 艾滋哀之The AIDS EpodemicNobel Prize winner:诺贝尔获得者microbiology:微生物学家AIDS epidenmic:艾滋病流行plague:瘟疫On an international acale:从国际范围leading cause:致命病因HIV-positive:HIV阳性imperil:威胁,危及Be infected with:感染orphan:孤儿Significant impact:重大影响put in place:推出homosexually transmitted disease:同性恋传播疾病ultimate solution:最终解决方法massive educational campaign:大规模教育活动self-defeating:自暴自弃the only thing conceivable:唯一行之有效的手段调查结果:survey隔离:quarantine virus:病毒Totally futile:竹篮打水一场空强制性化验:mandatory testingBetter off doing sth.:最好做…interpret symptoms:了解症状Reveals its presence through:经由…而发病4-3 经营之道Business ManagementBusiness communication style:商务沟通方式work ethic:职业伦理Prospective business contact:与之打交道的商人time-consuming:耗时冗长的the“get-down-to-business-first”mentality:“公务为先”的心态keep to:遵循bottom-up:自下而上top-management:最高管理top-download:自上而下business practice:商务活动咄咄逼人:aggressive straightforward:直截了当,开门见山管理模式:type of management efficiency:效率give priority to:优先frustrate:使…感到沮丧fulfillment:成就感membership:一分子individual-oriented:个体取向a sense of belonging in a community:团体归属感accomplishment:成果利与弊:merits and demeritsthe Oriental way of management:东方经营方式dedication:奉献humane:人情味executive:管理人4-4 音乐天才A Gifted MusicianDebut album:处女专辑忌讳:tabooInquiry:提问the press people:新闻记者献给…的音乐专辑:dedicate album to…vocalist:歌唱家Tremendous individual:非常优秀melodic:曲子中心思想:common message the icing on the cake:锦上添花Creative avenue and outlet:创造途径和方法play pool:打落袋球sort out one’s emotional distress:解决自身问题或走出伤感阴影enjoy catching up with one’s friend:喜欢和朋友泡在一起get around to:抽时间出来做break up:散伙first gigs:初演sing a cappellas:无伴奏演唱take criticism constructively:以积极性的态度看待批评endurance:忍耐第五单元礼仪性口译English-Chinese Interpretaion 5-1 故地重游Revisiting the Old HauntWorld-renowned:举世闻名的diversity:气象万千Dynamism:充满活力 a special regard for:特殊的敬慕之情Nostalgic:思念memorable:难忘的Utmost courtesy:高度的礼貌extensive:十分广泛Naïve:天真overshadow:弱化Non-governmental sector:民间机构mutual benefit:互惠互利Good faith:良好诚意strategic relationship:战略关系5-2 愉悦之旅A pleasant TripYour Excellency:尊敬的阁下cradle of civilization:文明的摇篮Renew old friendship:重温旧情establish new contacts:结交新友Vital:重要in the pursuit of:追求constant source of encouragement:始终鼓励着common aspiration:共同愿望endeavor:努力in the service of:造福人类in closing:在结束讲话之前privileged:荣幸propose a toast:祝酒cheers:干杯5-3 共创未来Our FutureLuncheon:午餐business council:贸易委员会Beckon:召唤acknowledge:坦承Ideology:意识形态institution:制度Minimize:轻视dwell on :回顾Distinctly:截然不同的heritage:传统Dignity:尊严revere elders:尊敬长辈Potential:潜力dawning:黎明曙光Industrious:勤奋frugal:节俭Crackle:爆裂dynamics of change:突飞猛进Horizon;高度salute:致敬Vitality:活力optimism:乐观精神In a mighty enterprise:在一个强大的企业breakf down barriers:打破猜忌Suspicion:不信任,怀疑bond:团结,结合Shared optimism:树立乐观精神5-4 新的长征A New Long MarchIncomparable hospitality:盛情款待splendid music:优美音乐Congenial atmosphere:融洽的气氛equal dignity:同等的尊严gracious and eloquent remarks:热情洋溢、慷慨陈词domination:统治,控制,支配free of outside interference:不受外来干涉approve:赞成、赞同grumble:抱怨assess:评价deeply rooted in the instincts of:根深蒂固的本能impose:强加in identical fashion:同一种模式inconceivable:很难想象see eye to eye on….:看法一致legacy:遗产destined:注定plague:瘟疫,折磨rise to the heights of greatness:攀登崇高理想第六单元礼仪性口译(汉译英)6-1 新春联欢Celebrating the Spring Festival全体同仁:all my colleagues of the company 嘉宾:distinguished guests明月当空:beautiful evening with numerous shining stars从百忙中拨冗光临:take the time off one’s busy schedule新春联欢晚会:Chinese New York’s party 远道而来:come here all the way from 尽情品尝:have a good time enjoying 美酒佳肴:cuisine and wine才华横溢:talented 纯正:authentic无所拘束:in a more informal way万事如意:the very best of luck in everything6-2 圣诞晚会At the Christmas Party董事长:Mr. Chairman 装饰华丽:magnificently decorated良辰佳时:wonderful time of the year 魅力:appeal融洽:harmony 奉献:dedication全年的亮点:a high point of the year 生活的真谛:key to life信念:faith 尽兴:enjoy every minute of the year 销售额:sales 务实:pragmatic辉煌的业绩:more fruitful year 年终岁末之际:at the end of the year 6-3 开幕祝词An Opening Speech宣布…开幕:declare opening 论坛:forum市民社会:Civil Society 文化多样性:Cultural Pluralism筹委会:Organizing committee 开幕式:opening ceremony社区工作者协会:Community Social Workers’ Association社会各界来宾:guests from various circles 知识更新:update knowledge日新月异的信息:ever-changing information 多元化:pluralistic社保体制:social wealfare and security system 政府包揽:undertaken by the government 民间组织:non-governmental organizations 宏观管理:macro-management借鉴先进经验:reference advanced experience 分工协作:division of responsibility取得丰硕成果:conclude with abundant accomplishment预祝…圆满成功:with a complete success.6-4 展望未来Looking Ahead广泛领域:in a wide range of areas 亚欧伙伴关系:Asia-Europe partnership 回忆主办国:the host of 亚欧首脑会议:Asia Europe summit 成立10周年:the 10th anniversary of 循序渐进:make gradual progress人员交往:people-to-people exchange 战略选择:strategic platform谋划发展方向:plan one’s future cooperation 高瞻远瞩:adopt a long long-term strategy 实质性合作:economic cooperation in substantive terms回顾过去:look back on the past experiences 展望未来:look into the future互相尊重:mutual respect 平等互利:equality and mutual benefit. 求同存异:seek common ground while putting aside differences反对贸易歧视与制裁:eliminate trade discrimination,oppose imposition of trade sanctions司法:judicial 财政:finance后续活动:follow-up activities 降低关税:reduce one’s tariffs大力倡导多边合作:actively promoted multilateral cooperation描绘光辉远景:shape a more splendid future第七单元介绍性口译(英译汉)7-1 绿色城市A Green CityEconomic integration:经济一体化municipality:大城市Greenfield development potential:发展绿地的潜力aerospace:航空业the added cost burden:增加了沉重的负担biomedical industry:生物医药业apparel industry:服装业professional service:专业服务业information technology:信息技术telecommunication:电房high value added business:高附加值的商务urbanization:城市化digital media:数码传媒realty tax:地税environmentally sustainable:环境可持续发展academic:学者civil servant:公务员city councillor:市政厅议员provincial/federal government:省、联邦政府the Kyoto Accord:京都仪书carbon dioxide emission:二氧化碳的排放fossil fuel:不可再生的燃料economic spin-offs:滚滚财源alternative fuels:替代性燃料address each other’s priorities:按各自轻重缓急Secretariat:秘书处server with a key position:担任要职7-2 浪漫香槟The Romantic ChampagneChampagne:香槟sampling party:品酒会Cork:软木塞the release of gas:释放气体Gentle,alluring fizz:温和,诱人的嘶嘶声candlelit dinner:烛光晚餐Valentine’s Day:情人节akin to:好似,同类,近似Do the trick:达到某地,获得成功allure:诱惑力Painstaking:艰辛alcohol:酒For weeks on end:连续数周eponymous drink:同名汽酒Carbon dioxide bubble:二氧化碳小气泡facet:方面Quicken the pulse:加快脉搏ranked by “dosage”:按剂量分类Fermentation:发酵extra-brut:偏酸型Vintage champagne:精致香槟酒spicy food:辛辣的食物Go especially well with:特别适合做…7-3 游客之居A Place to StayMotel:汽车旅馆lodging:公寓房间In any case:无论如何inn:客栈Resor:度假胜地的宾馆freeway:高速公路Single/twin/double bed:单人床/对床/双人床queen size/king size bed:大号床/加阔床“long boy” bed:长小伙子床waterbed:水床Rollaway bed:滚动式折叠床hide-a-bed:暗床Camping:露营campground:野营地Trailer:拖车shelter:保护7-4 教堂之游A Tour around the CathedralWashington National Cathedral:华盛顿国家大教堂Episcopal Church:主教派教会Cathedral Church of saint Peter and Saint Paul:圣彼得和保罗大教堂Pray:祈祷in the presence of:在…前面Attend services:参加宗教礼仪活动hectare:公顷Shaped like a cross:形状像个“十”字bell tower:钟楼Windows set high in the walls:窗高高地嵌在…墙上Sunlight spilling across the floor:阳光洒落在地坪上Attend religious service:参加宗教活动,做礼拜statue:雕像Funeral:葬礼concert:音乐会。
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强市之路265市长先生,首先感谢您给我这个机会来谈一下我对上海如何才能成为21世纪世界主要创新中心之一的看法。
毫无疑问,市长先生已经意识到创新对于上海经济发展和繁荣的重要意义。
您已清楚地阐明了上海的发展战略,那就是将对城市技术创新能力的提升置身于一切工作之首。
创新是国家的生命线,也是公司的生命线。
没有创新就没有未来。
但是,我们都知道,创新是一个复杂的系统工程。
创新不仅仅是基础科学研究的投入,也不仅仅是新实验设备的购置。
创新是由对新产品、新服务、新技术和新商业模式的开发带来的价值创造。
由于创新可能造成破坏性的冲击,所以创新最需要坚强有力的领导、长期奋斗的战略和致力于创新的人才。
您若不介意的话,我想谈一下40年来我是如何带领美国国际集团由一家净收入仅为700万美元的小公司发展壮大成为一家净收入超过110亿美元的大企业的。
我将着重介绍我们在中国的做法。
我认为,作为创新者,美国国际集团在中国取得成功的秘诀在于它的四大核心竞争力:第一是对中国市场的理解;第二是有敢于以新模式和新产品进行实验的冒险精神;第三是注重对本地人才的创新能力的培养;第四是有为中国人民和美国国际集团而积极捕捉良机的意愿。
我无数次来中国了解中国市场的潜力。
1980年,我们在中国北京开设了办事处,这是外国金融机构首次在新中国设立的办事机构。
同年,我们与中国人民保险公司合作,双方各出资50%,成立了中美保险公司。
这是中国人民保险公司与国外保险机构成立的首个合资机构。
1992年,具有敢为天下先传统的美国国际集团成文中国40年来首家获准向中国公民出售保单的外国保险公司。
2004年,我告诉与中国华泰证券有限责任公司建立了合资企业,这也是中国资产管理领域里的首家合资企业。
我公司所具有的这种创新文化,使我们很快适应了中国市场不断变化的环境,为新市场开发新产品,为客户和投资者创造更多的价值。
创新从领导开始做起。
领导层必须营造一个可以不断创新的环境,以激励人们的创新思维。
这样的环境可以吸引那些乐于创新的人才,从而使公司得到良性发展。
上海的领导努力为企业营造可取得成功的环境。
例如,浦东国际机场和新的深水港等设施的建立,使上海与世界的交通连接达到了世界级的水平。
上海已经从一个以低端制造业为主的城市,装行为一个以高端制造业和服务业为主的城市。
跨国企业很容易在这样的地区找到技术熟练的工业商和合作伙伴。
因此,上海在许多方面已向世界级创新中心阔步迈进,许多基础工作都已做到位。
但是,为了战胜竞争对手,取得竞争优势,我认为上海在以下三方面的前进步伐可以迈得更快一些。
第一,要激励真正创新。
毫无疑问,上海正在成为中国最重要的创新产业聚集地之一。
每年约有4000项开发性专利在上海产生,这充分显示了上海科技界智力。
上海同时也应该鼓励大学、科研所和企业进行合作,开展基础性研究,以增强发展后劲。
上海还应该发展风险投资产业,营造更为开放的氛围。
一个颇具远见的创新之举是上海市市长国际企业家咨询会议的创立。
市长咨询会议吸收了世界各地的诸多公司为其成员,大家在一起交流思想,同时也带来了诸多新机会。
第二,要致力于教育创新。
致力于教育事业是对创新基石的真正理解,即对培养受过良好教育、充满才智的公民的重要性的理解。
复旦大学、同济大学和上海交通大学都在努力创办世界水准的研究型大学。
参与全球竞争需要质量的教育。
培养年轻工程师的课程设置必须提供语言技能、分析技能和人文感悟等方面的课程,使毕业生能在跨国环境中成就一番事业。
一个成功的范例就是将国际管理学课程与中国商业环境结合起来的中欧国际工商学院。
上海高校应该激励跨学科研究,加强团队合作,鼓励个人创新。
大学和企业应该开展更密切的产学合作,向学生提供实习机会,培养那些来自真实世界而非虚拟世界的实践经验。
未来的发展需求企业、高校和政府官员的共同努力。
功成名就的企业家应该对业界新秀进行传、帮、带。
要知道,年轻的科学家和企业家需要榜样的示范作用。
、第三,要完善法制环境。
所有国家都需要制定法规来保护公民和投资者的合法权益,但是法规的制订必须有助于鼓励创新,而不是扼杀变革。
如果一种孕育着新产品的新思想因为别具匠心而遭拒绝,那么公司就会移情他人,寻求更为宽松开明的环境。
许多国家常常因其法制环境不和谐而抑制了创新之举。
我们生活在一个以创新驱动经济发展和繁荣的时代。
墨守陈规确实舒服惬意,而改革创新则困难重重,因为创新往往引发变革。
创新需要新思想、新程序和新机制。
新的技术和新的方法会剧烈地改变现行的市场秩序,既带来新的公司客户,也带来新的竞争对手。
但是,如果我们有英明的领导、长期的战略以及优秀的人才,创新活动及其所伴随的冲击是可控的。
胡锦涛主席在年初时曾说过:“创新是国家的核心竞争力”。
长期战略蓝图已经拟就。
中国将增强自主创新能力,加强基础研究能力,加快进入创新国家的行列。
市长先生,您和上海市政府正在应对创新的挑战。
上海人民的智慧和能量世人皆知。
我坚信,上海必将成为全球的一个创造发明中心。
广而误之我在此发表演讲,谴责现代社会的一大疾病,那就是误导性广告的性别效应。
所有人在其一生中无时不受广告的影响。
少年,尤其是少女,属新涉足消费市场的经验不足之辈,是广告的主要对象,所以特别容易受到广告的侵袭。
广告商们充分意识到自己的作用,他们毫不迟疑地利用年轻人的不稳定性和渴求性,主动充当排忧解难的智者。
一支烟象征着独立,一条名牌牛仔裤或一双名牌运动鞋给人以地位。
如果你喷了合适的香水,或者喝了合适的啤酒,人们便不会怀疑你的女性气质或男性气概。
没有哪一个政治家或者教育家具有广告那么强的渗透力和说服力。
广告教我们成为消费者,广告告诉我们“万般皆下品,唯有物质高”,广告让我们感到幸福是可以花钱买来的,生活中的复杂问题都有手到病除的良方,产品可以使我们充实,可以满足我们人类最深层层的需求。
一个人的价值,尤其是一个年轻女性的价值,取决于所用产品的价值。
对一个女子来所,标准美是她的唯一标志。
她的皮肤应该天生丽质,没有皱纹,没有疤痕,没有瑕疵。
她的身材应该清瘦苗条,通常是个高挑个,双腿修长,而青春年少则是首要条件。
所有在电视广告中出现的花容月貌的靓女都符合这个标准。
这种形象是人为的,是可以人工塑造的。
许多妇女极度渴求达到一个理想的却又无法达到的标准,她们尽其所能来摆布和修改自己的容貌体态。
这个国家每小时花费在化妆品上的钱超过一百万元。
女子已习以为常地视自己的脸蛋为面具,视自己的身体为物品,是一种脱离了原型而高于原型的东西。
女子的身体需求经常不断地修正、改良与伪装。
无论她是否想获得那花容月貌,其实都已被塑造成为那种对自我不满、对自己感到惭愧的人。
具有讽刺意义的是,诸如化妆品和减肥饮料这些被广告大肆渲染的产品对人体的魅力是有害的。
媒介对营养、锻炼以及其他一些与健康和活力有关的重要因素则很少强调。
少女自然成长也不被看好。
年龄上升是大忌。
虽然男孩可以成为一名成熟的男子,并且还受到鼓励,但对女孩的要求却是必须妙龄永驻、唯唯诺诺、依附顺从、永不成熟。
不知何故,对她们的要求总有两面性,即要求她们性感多情,又要求她们冰清玉洁;既要求她们老道练达,又要求她们少不更事;既要求她们风骚冶艳,又要求她们质朴无华。
在被误导性的广告所描绘的世界里,爱恋和激情全然为产品拥有,性也成了商品,其中年轻女子则成了最大的牺牲者。
大学精神下午好!今天我很荣幸在此向各位校长同行以及各位领导发表演讲。
全世界都处在一个大变革的时代。
全球化的趋势、亚洲的崛起、技术在驱动经济发展中所起的关键作用、各行各业变化脚步的加快、新知识经济的到来——所有这一切都在改变着世界。
在这个经济全球化的时代背景下,大学将扮演怎样的角色呢?大学将如何通过旨在提高生活质量、推动经济发展的创新活动而推动社会的进步呢?在这个日新月异、充满变数的社会,大学又将如何培养那些善于取精用弘的学生呢?今天我演讲的重点是大学创新与研究的作用,因为创新是大学精神之所在,同时也是经济增长和新技术产生的主要原因。
我们应该认识到,本科生教育和研究生教育都与研究紧密相连。
我们的教育应该为学生创造一种可以探寻新知识、带来新发现的氛围。
将教学与研究融合在一起的教育可以培养一批活跃在探索前沿、聪颖开放的青年才俊。
一届又一届的大学毕业生可以向社会传播发明创造的知识。
大学应该发挥创造新知识的作用,应该发挥促进新发现的作用。
我们应该让新发现的成果走出研究所,为社会进步做出贡献。
教学型大学已有800年的历史,而研究型大学只有400年的历史。
尽管如此,大学在从事研究方面所迈出的步伐远远领先于教学,而且很显然,大学的研究型发展趋势将持续下去。
我们一次又一次地看到,尤其在过去的十年里,大学通过创造具有市场应用价值的技术不仅可以造福社会,而且也可以推动经济增长。
虽然社会始终将大学视为劳动力培养与培训的基地,但是大学作为发明创造的源泉,社会对其依赖程度在过去几十年中日益突显,这种依赖已成为21世纪社会对大学的期望。
大学最基本的使命就是创造新知识。
虽然大学所创造的新知识有时会立即产生实际应用价值,但这绝不是大学所追求的唯一目标。
将获取实际应用价值的目标定为大学的主要目标是一种短视行为。
基础研究也同样是大学的使命,而且大学在推动基础研究方面能发挥独特的作用。
那么我们应该如何让来营造一种创新型的、富有效率的研究环境呢?我认为三大要素是必须的:第一是选对人,第二是始终置身于技术前沿,第三是捕捉那些新发明、新技术所引发的突变事例。
选对人是确保创新型研究环境三要素中的首要因素,也是最为关键的因素。
选人要选三种人:第一种人是浮想联翩的思想家,第二种人是富有革命精神的探索家,第三种人是不受常规约束的实干家。
当然,创建富于创新精神的研究中心还需要具有其他一些因素,如充足的研究经费、宽松的研究团队、一流的物资与设备、一批勤勉且善于创新的学生,以及研究机构与产业界之间的良好沟通与相互尊重。
我今天谈了大学在知识创造与传播过程中的作用。
您可能会问我对大学有什么期望和预测。
我的职业生涯主要是在斯坦福大学度过的,其间去了几次硅谷,但每次下海后我又回到了斯坦福,因为我赞同斯坦福首任校长David Starr Jordan的说法,他毫无保留地认为研究和教学应该融合在一起,学生应该师从那些积极从事新知识探索与研究的学者。
我坚信,大学能够而且也应该成为21世纪的创新源泉和机遇源泉。
我们的历史使命是抓住时代赋予我们的机遇,为社会福祉作出更大的贡献。
谢谢。
继往开来尊敬的来宾们,同胞们,政权得和平移交虽在历史上实属罕见,但在我国却不足为奇。
我们以简单的誓言肯定老传统,开创新未来。
我站在这里感到荣幸和谦卑,许多美国领导人曾在我前面走过,还会有许多人相继而来。
在我们国家漫长的传奇历程中我们有自己的位置,我们多有人都有自己的位置,我们将延续这个历程,然而我们将看不到这个历程的尽头这是一个新世界的继往开来的历程,一个由拥有奴隶的社会转变为崇尚自由的社会的历程,一个强国保护世界而非占有世界、捍卫世界而非征服世界的历程。